JP5993118B2 - Exterior wall structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an outer wall structure of a building.

  When installing multiple outer wall materials on the outer wall of a building, conventionally, a cross-section hat-shaped backup material is provided on the vertical joint of the outer wall material, and further, this vertical joint is filled with a sealant material. Intrusion was prevented.

  Filling such a sealing material is very time consuming. In addition, when the sealing material deteriorates over time, the waterproof performance due to the sealing material is lowered, and rainwater easily enters the indoors from the vertical joints. In addition, the appearance of the building deteriorates due to cracks and cracks in the sealing material that has deteriorated over time. For this reason, it is necessary to periodically remove the sealing material that has deteriorated over time from the vertical joint and to fill the vertical joint with a new sealing material.

  However, if a sealant that has deteriorated over time remains in the vertical joint material, it will adversely affect the adhesion of the new sealant, so all the deteriorated sealant in the vertical joint material must be removed. This requires a great deal of effort. Further, in order to remove the sealing material over the entire outer wall, it is necessary to assemble a scaffold, which requires a very large-scale work.

  As a technique for maintaining the waterproofness of the vertical joint even when the sealing material is deteriorated, for example, there is one disclosed in Patent Document 1. In the technique described in Patent Document 1, the tip of the blade piece of the hat-type joiner is bent and extended in a rectangular shape in the height direction of the hat-shaped central convex portion, and the bent tip is brought into contact with the building outer wall material. It is constructed. In Patent Document 1, even when the sealing material is cut in part and damaged, water that has entered the space formed by the blade piece, the tip, and the back of the outer wall is discharged.

JP 2007-70842 A

  However, as described in Patent Document 1, simply bending the tip of the wing piece of the hat-type joiner does not ensure sufficient waterproofness and does not require a sealing material.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above reasons, and the outer wall is prevented from entering rainwater from the joint between the outer walls when the outer wall material is abutted in the horizontal direction, and the filling of the sealing material into the joint becomes unnecessary. The purpose is to provide a structure.

The outer wall structure according to the present invention includes a wall foundation, a first outer wall material and a second outer wall material installed at positions on the outdoor side with respect to the wall foundation, the wall foundation and the first outer wall material. And eye plate material installed at a position between the second outer wall material,
The first outer wall material and the second outer wall material are butted against each other in the horizontal direction,
The eye plate material is disposed at a position covering the butted portion of the first outer wall material and the second outer wall material from the indoor side,
At least two ridges in the vertical direction are provided on the eye plate material at positions closer to the first outer wall material than the butted portion and positions closer to the second outer wall material than the butted portion. Formed,
Each of the ridges is in contact with or close to the indoor side surface of the first outer wall material or the second outer wall material,
The interval between the end face of the first outer wall material or the second outer wall material in the butted portion and the protruding line arranged just outside the end face is 2 mm or more,
No sealing material is filled between the first outer wall material and the second outer wall material, and a gap is formed between the adjacent first outer wall material and the second outer wall material. ing.

In the present invention, the eye plate, said abutting portion long joints guide is formed in the vertical direction to protrude to the outside side from the joint guide is interposed between the second outer wall member and said first outer wall member you.

In the present invention, comprising an outer wall portion composed of a plurality of outer wall materials including the first outer wall material and the second outer wall material, the outer wall portion is installed at a position on the outdoor side with respect to the wall base,
Between the wall base and the outer wall portion, that is ventilation space communicating with the outside is formed.

  In this invention, it is preferable to further provide the attachment metal fixture which fixes an outer wall material with respect to a wall base.

In the present invention, includes a communication port for connecting the ventilation space and outdoor, to the area of the wall surface of the wall base of the vent space, the ratio of the opening area of the communication port, der 65cm 2 ^/ m ² or more The

  According to the present invention, infiltration of rainwater from the joint formed between the outer walls when the outer wall member is abutted in the horizontal direction is suppressed, and the filling of the sealing material into the joint becomes unnecessary.

It is the perspective view which fractured | ruptured partially and shows the outer wall structure in one Embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view which fractured | ruptured partially and shows the outer wall structure in one Embodiment of this invention. (A) is a front view which shows the attachment metal fitting in one Embodiment of this invention, (b) is a side view which shows the said attachment metal fitting, (c) is a top view which shows the said attachment metal fitting. It is a perspective view which shows the eyeplate material in one Embodiment of this invention. It is general | schematic sectional drawing which shows the positional relationship of a vertical trunk | rim edge, eyeplate material, an attachment metal fitting, and an outer wall material in one Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the connection part of the outer wall materials adjacent in the up-down direction in one Embodiment of this invention. It is general | schematic sectional drawing which shows the positional relationship of a vertical trunk | drum edge, eyeplate material, an attachment metal fitting, and an outer wall material in the modification of one Embodiment of this invention. (A) is a sectional view in plan view of the outer wall structure in the embodiment, and (b) is a sectional view in side view of the outer wall structure in the embodiment. It is a front view which shows the outer wall structure in the said one Embodiment. It is side surface sectional drawing which shows the outer wall structure in the said one Embodiment. (A), (b) and (c) are the front views which show the modification of the said embodiment. (A), (b) and (c) are side view sectional drawings which show the modification of the said embodiment.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, the outer wall structure of a building includes a wall foundation 2, a plurality of outer wall materials 10 installed at positions on the outdoor side with respect to the wall foundation 2, and the wall foundation 2 and the outer wall material 10. The eye plate material 40 is provided at a position between them. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the outer wall structure of the building includes a mounting bracket 50. 1 and 2 show an outer wall structure according to the present embodiment.

  The outer wall material 10 is composed of a flat plate-like plate material or the like. Although the material in particular of the outer wall material 10 is not restrict | limited, It is preferable to form from the ceramic material which has a cement as a main component.

  A receiving portion 31 is formed at the upper end of the outer wall member 10, and an overlapping portion 32 is formed at the lower end (see FIG. 6). The receiving portion 31 protrudes upward from a position deflected indoors at the upper end of the outer wall member 10. The overlapping portion 32 protrudes downward from a position deflected to the outdoor side at the lower end of the outer wall material 10. By forming the receiving portion 31 and the overlapping portion 32 as described above, the outer wall member 10 can be connected to the upper and lower sides as described later. Further, a concave groove 33 is formed at the lower end of the outer wall member 10 so as to open downward at a position on the indoor side of the overlapping portion 32. The side end surfaces on both sides of the outer wall material 10 are formed flat.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a downward locking piece 51 is formed at a substantially central portion of the mounting bracket 50. The downward locking piece 51 includes a protruding piece 511 that protrudes from the substantially central portion of the mounting bracket 50 toward the outdoor side, and a locking claw 512 that protrudes downward from the tip of the protruding piece 511. Two upward locking pieces 52 are formed in the mounting bracket 50 side by side along the outer wall so as to sandwich the downward locking pieces 51. Each of the two upward locking pieces 52 includes a protruding piece 521 that protrudes to the outdoor side, and a locking claw 522 that protrudes upward from the tip of the protruding piece 521. A mounting hole 53 is formed in the mounting bracket 50 above the upward locking piece 52 and the downward locking piece 51. Furthermore, support portions 54 that protrude toward the outdoor side are formed on both side portions of the mounting bracket 50.

  The mounting bracket 50 is produced by, for example, bending a metal plate having a thickness of about 0.8 to 1.2 mm. Examples of the metal plate include zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy-plated steel plate, stainless steel plate, and aluminum plate that have high corrosion resistance.

  The dimension of the mounting bracket 50 in the outdoor side-indoor direction excluding the downward locking piece 51 and the upward locking piece 52 (thickness dimension from the outdoor side surface of the mounting bracket 50 to the indoor side tip of the support portion 54) is thin. For example, a range of 2 to 5 mm is preferable.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the eye plate material 40 is a plate-like member that is long in the vertical direction, and the thickness direction of the eye plate material 40 matches the indoor side-outdoor side direction in the outer wall structure.

  The material of the face plate material 40 is not particularly limited, and may be formed from an appropriate material such as a metal plate material, a resin, or an aluminum extrusion molded product, but is particularly preferably formed from a metal plate material.

  The eye plate material 40 is formed with a plurality of ridges 41 that are long in the vertical direction and protrude outward. There is a region (central region 42) where the ridges 41 are not formed in the central portion of the face plate material 40, and two ridges 41 (411) are provided on both sides of the central region 42 along the outer wall in the horizontal direction. , 412). A joint guide 43 that is long in the vertical direction and protrudes to the outdoor side is formed in the central portion of the central region 42, and the central region 42 is formed flat otherwise. On each of both sides of the central region 42, two ridges 411 and 412 are arranged in parallel and in parallel at intervals. On the outer side of the plurality of ridges 411 and 412 on each side of the horizontal direction along the outer wall of the face plate material 40, a flat region (side region 44) where the ridges 41 are not formed is formed. ing.

  The ridges 41 and joint guides 43 are composed of, for example, portions that protrude toward the outdoor side when the joint plate material 40 is bent. In addition, the protruding item | line 41 and the joint guide 43 may be formed from an appropriate packing material. Examples of the shape of the ridges 41 include a triangular cross section, but are not particularly limited. In addition, if the number of the protruding item | lines 41 in each of the both sides of the center area | region 42 is two or more items, it will not be restrict | limited in particular. The joint guide 43 may be formed in a rectangular cross section, but is not particularly limited.

  The wall base 2 is a base of the outer wall. In the present embodiment, the wall base 2 is constituted by a plurality of pillars 17 and a face material attached to the pillars 17. The face material is a member that closes a gap between adjacent columns 17. Examples of the face material include a structural face material 20 such as an appropriate plate material, a waterproof sheet 14 (waterproof paper), and the like. In the present embodiment, as the face material, the structural face material 20 and the waterproof sheet 14 are used in combination, the structural face material 20 is installed on the outdoor side of the column 17, and the structural face material such as this plate material. 20 is provided with a waterproof sheet 14 on the outdoor side. Thereby, water, such as rain water, is prevented from entering the indoor side by the waterproof sheet 14.

  A vertical trunk edge 11 is attached to the wall base 2. In the present embodiment, the vertical trunk edge 11 is a member that is long in the vertical direction and is used to attach the eye plate material 40 and the outer wall material 10 to the wall base 2. The vertical trunk edge 11 is overlapped on the pillar via a face material on the outdoor side of the wall base 2. The vertical trunk edge 11 is attached to the wall base 2 by fixing a fixture such as a nail or a screw through the vertical trunk edge 11 to the column 17.

  The eye plate material 40 is attached so as to overlap the surface of the vertical trunk edge 11 on the outdoor side. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the eye plate material 40 is attached to the vertical trunk edge 11 by means of an attachment fitting 50 and a fixture 13 such as a screw or a nail. The mounting bracket 50 is disposed so as to overlap the side region 44 on the surface of the eye plate material 40 on the outdoor side. In this state, the fixture 13 is driven from the mounting bracket 50 through the eye plate material 40 to the vertical body edge 11, whereby the eye plate material 40 is fixed to the vertical body edge 11, and at the same time, the mounting metal 50 is connected to the vertical body edge. Attached to the edge 11. On each of both sides of the central region 42 in one eye plate member 40, a plurality of mounting brackets 50 are attached side by side. The eye plate material 40 is attached to the vertical body edge 11 at a position overlapping with the horizontal butted portion of the outer wall material 10 among the plurality of vertical body edges 11 attached to the wall base 2. The mounting bracket 50 is attached to the vertical trunk edge 11 to which the eye plate material 40 is not attached among the plurality of vertical trunk edges 11 as necessary. The mounting bracket 50 may not be used to fix the eye plate material 40. In this case, the eye plate material 40 may be fixed only by the fixing tool 13 such as a screw or a nail. In attaching the eye plate material 40, the fixing tool 13 is preferably driven into the side region 44 of the eye plate material 40 regardless of whether the attachment metal fitting 50 is used or not. In this case, as will be described later, rainwater or the like hardly enters the side region 44, so that intrusion of rainwater from the portion where the fixture is driven into the indoor side is suppressed.

  A plurality of outer wall materials 10 are installed on the outdoor side of the wall base 2, the eye plate material 40, and the mounting bracket 50. The outer wall portion 1 is constituted by a set of a plurality of outer wall materials 10. The plurality of outer wall members 10 are installed so as to be aligned in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. The outer wall materials 10 adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction are arranged so that their end faces face each other. On the other hand, the outer wall materials 10 adjacent in the vertical direction are connected to each other by fitting the overlapping portion 32 at the lower end of the upper outer wall material 10 and the receiving portion 31 at the upper end of the lower outer wall material 10. Has been.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the outer wall material 10 is attached to the wall base 2 by a mounting bracket 50. That is, the upward locking piece 52 of the mounting bracket 50 is fitted into the overlapping portion 32 and the concave groove 33 at the lower end of the outer wall material 10, and the downward locking piece 51 of the mounting bracket 50 is fitted to the receiving portion 31 at the upper end of the outer wall material 10. The outer wall material 10 is fixed by fitting. In this case, the upper locking piece 52 and the downward locking piece 51 of one mounting bracket 50 are interposed between the outer wall materials 10 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction, so that the upper outer wall material 10 is formed by the single mounting bracket 50. Are simultaneously fixed to the lower end of the lower outer wall member 10. The lower end of the outer wall member 10 installed on the lowermost side of the outer wall portion 1 is provided with an attachment fitting (starter fitting 55 (see FIG. 8B)) that has an upward locking piece 52 and no downward locking piece 51. In installing the outer wall material 10, for example, the starter metal fitting 55 is first installed, and then the outer wall material 10 and the mounting metal fitting 50 are sequentially and repeatedly installed from the lower side of the outer wall, so that the outer wall material 10 is installed. Installed.

  The abutting portion of two outer wall materials 10 (referred to as a first outer wall material 101 and a second outer wall material 102 for convenience) adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction in the outer wall portion 1 is covered with the eye plate material 40 from the indoor side. Placed in position. A central region 42 in which the protruding strips 41 of the eye plate material 40 are not formed is disposed at a position overlapping the abutting portion between the first outer wall material 101 and the second outer wall material 102. Further, a joint guide 43 is interposed between the first outer wall material 101 and the second outer wall material 102 at the abutting portion. For this reason, a joint is formed at the abutting portion between the first outer wall material 101 and the second outer wall material 102. Further, since the central region 42 is arranged at a position overlapping with the abutting portion in this way, each of the position closer to the first outer wall material 101 than the abutting portion and the position closer to the second outer wall material 102 than the abutting portion. Further, at least two ridges 41 in the vertical direction are arranged. The ridge line of the ridge 41 located closer to the first outer wall material 101 than the butted portion is in contact with or close to the indoor side surface of the first outer wall material 101 and closer to the second outer wall material 102 than the butted portion. The ridge line of the protruding ridge 41 is in contact with or close to the indoor side surface of the second outer wall material 102.

  The sealing material is not filled in the gap (joint) between the outer wall materials 10 adjacent in the horizontal direction along the outer wall. That is, the outer wall structure according to the present embodiment is configured by a non-sealing method.

  In the outer wall structure configured as described above, when the outer wall portion 1 is exposed to wind and rain, rainwater may enter the indoor side from the joint formed between the outer wall materials 10 adjacent in the horizontal direction that are not sealed. is there. However, since the joint is covered with the eye plate material 40 on the indoor side, the infiltration of rainwater into the indoor side is suppressed by the eye plate material 40. Furthermore, the horizontal movement (lateral running) of the rainwater is blocked by the plurality of ridges 41, and thus the movement of the rainwater to the outside of the eye plate material 40 is suppressed, and the rainwater is guided to flow downward. The For this reason, the intrusion of rainwater into the room is suppressed. Rainwater flowing downward is discharged to the outside from the lower end of the outer wall portion 1 (first communication port 401 described later in the present embodiment).

  In the present embodiment, at least two ridges 41 (411, 411) in the vertical direction are provided at positions closer to the first outer wall material 101 than the butted portion and positions closer to the second outer wall material 102 than the butted portion. 412) is formed, and even if rainwater entering from the joint moves in the horizontal direction and climbs over one ridge 41 (411), the other ridge 41 (412) prevents horizontal movement. Is done. For this reason, the intrusion of rainwater into the room is remarkably suppressed.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, infiltration of rainwater from the joint into the room is suppressed even though the joint is not sealed. Further, since the joint is not sealed, it is possible to reduce the sealing material, and therefore, it is possible to reduce the construction cost and the labor of construction. Furthermore, it is not necessary to consider the aging deterioration of the sealing material, and therefore, a great amount of labor required to remove the aging sealing material and fill with a new sealing material is reduced.

  In order for the ridge 41 to sufficiently prevent the movement of rainwater, it is preferable that the protruding dimension of the ridge 41 to the outdoor side is 2 mm or more. The upper limit of the protruding dimension of the ridge 41 is not particularly limited, but is 10 mm or less for improving the workability of the outer wall material 10 and the appearance of the outer wall after the construction, particularly for the good fit of the opening member such as the window frame. It is preferable. Moreover, in order to suppress that rainwater moves between the protruding item | line 41 and the outer wall material 10, the clearance gap dimension between the ridgeline of the protruding item | line 41 and the indoor side surface of the outer wall material 10 is 0-1. A range of 5 mm is preferable, and a range of 0 to 1.0 mm is more preferable.

  The projecting dimension of the joint guide 43 toward the outdoor side is larger than the projecting dimension of the ridge 41 and smaller than the thickness dimension of the outer wall material 10. In addition, the horizontal width dimension of the joint guide 43 along the outer wall is preferably 12 mm or less from the viewpoint of improving the design of the outer wall. In addition, the minimum value of the joint guide 43 is not particularly limited, and is set to a width dimension that allows lateral positioning when the outer wall material 10 is constructed, and suppression of displacement due to expansion and contraction of the outer wall material 10 after construction. It only has to be done. For example, the width dimension of the joint guide 43 is formed to be equal to or greater than the material thickness of the joint guide 43 (approximately twice the material thickness in the case of a material that is folded and formed, such as a steel plate). In addition, the width of the gap formed between the joint guide 43 and the first outer wall material 101 and between the joint guide 43 and the second outer wall material 102 sufficiently suppresses intrusion of rainwater into the room. For this purpose, it is preferably 10 mm or less, more preferably 2 mm or less.

  In order to ensure a sufficient space for rainwater that has entered from the joints to flow downward, the distance between the joint guide 43 and the ridges 411 disposed immediately next to the joint guide 43 may be 6 mm or more. preferable. Moreover, it is preferable that the space | interval (overhang) of the end surface of the outer wall material 10 in a joint and the protruding item | line 411 arrange | positioned just outside this end surface is 2 mm or more. Moreover, in each of the both sides of the center area | region 42, it is preferable that the space | interval between the adjacent protruding item | lines 411 and 412 is the range of 3-10 mm.

  In addition, said preferable range is set supposing the case where it constructs only with the mounting bracket 50, without using the vertical trunk edge 11, when using the vertical trunk edge 11 and the mounting bracket 50 together, Depending on the situation, it can be appropriately selected.

  In the present embodiment, since the joint guide 43 is formed on the joint plate member 40, the outer wall member 10 is installed in accordance with the joint guide 43, so that the positioning of the installation position of the outer wall member 10 is facilitated. It becomes easy to set the width to a constant width. Furthermore, the positional deviation of the outer wall material 10 after installation is suppressed. Further, although a gap (joint) having a certain width is formed between the outer wall materials 10 adjacent in the horizontal direction, the entry of water from the joint is suppressed by the joint guide 43 interposed in the gap. The

  The joint plate material 40 may not include the joint guide 43. FIG. 7 shows a schematic configuration of a joint plate member 40 that does not include the joint guide 43 and an outer wall structure that includes the joint plate member 40. This outer wall structure has the same configuration as that of the above embodiment except that the joint plate material 40 does not include the joint guide 43. Even when such a joint plate material 40 is used, intrusion of rainwater from the joint into the room is sufficiently suppressed except that the function of the joint guide 43 is not exhibited. When the joint guide 43 is not formed, preferred dimensions of the joint plate material are the same as those when the joint guide 43 is formed. Furthermore, in the case where the joint guide 43 is not formed, the joint formed by the gap between the first outer wall material 101 and the second outer wall material 102 in order to sufficiently suppress the intrusion of rainwater into the room. The width is preferably 12 mm or less.

  In the present embodiment, a ventilation space 3 communicating with the outdoors is formed between the wall base 2 and the outer wall portion 1, so that intrusion of rainwater from the joint is further suppressed. Hereinafter, this point will be described in detail.

  8 to 10 show the ventilation space 3 in the outer wall structure according to the present embodiment. In addition, as shown to Fig.8 (a), the inner wall part 19 comprised with a suitable inner wall material is installed in the indoor side rather than the pillar 17. As shown in FIG. A heat insulating material 18 is disposed in a space between the face material 2 and the inner wall portion 19. A moisture-proof sheet 14a may be provided on the outdoor side of the inner wall portion 19 as illustrated. By providing the moisture-proof sheet 14a, intrusion of moisture into the room is suppressed.

  In the present embodiment, the ventilation space 3 is a space formed between the outer wall portion 1 and the wall base 2. The thickness of the ventilation space 3 (indoor-outdoor direction dimensions) is ensured by the thickness of the vertical trunk edge 11 and the protruding width of the mounting bracket 50. That is, the ventilation space 3 is formed by the vertical trunk edge 11 and the mounting bracket 50 serving as spacers.

  The thickness (indoor-outdoor direction dimension) of the ventilation space 3 is set to 20 to 23 mm, for example. By ensuring that the thickness of the ventilation space 3 is within this range, ventilation is ensured. Specifically, if the thickness of the vertical trunk edge 11 is 18 mm and the protruding width (working width) of the mounting bracket 50 is 5 mm, the ventilation space 3 having a thickness of 23 mm is formed.

  A base portion (base) 8 is provided at the lower portion of the outer wall structure. On the upper side of the base portion 8, a long base pillar (joist) 16 serving as a foundation for attaching the pillar 17 and the like is provided in the lateral direction. In the illustrated embodiment, a column 17 is disposed vertically above the base column 16 in a vertical direction perpendicular to the base column 16, and the face material is arranged on these outdoor side surfaces so as to cover the base column 16 and the column 17. It is installed. A base drainer 9 that is long in the horizontal direction along the outer wall is provided on the outdoor surface of the face material on the upper side of the base portion 8. The base drainer 9 includes a fixed piece 9a that is placed on the outdoor side surface of the wall base 2, a drainer piece 9b that protrudes while slightly descending from the lower end of the fixed piece 9a toward the outdoor side, and a drainer piece 9b. And a draining tip piece 9c protruding downward from the outdoor side end portion. The base drainer 9 is installed by fixing the fixing piece 9a to the wall base 2 with a fixing tool such as a screw. The draining piece 9b is disposed below the lower end of the outer wall portion 1 so as to face the ventilation space 3 in the vertical direction. A horizontally long opening along the outer wall is formed between the lower end of the outer wall portion 1 and the outdoor end portion of the draining piece 9b, and this opening is a communication port that connects the ventilation space 3 and the outdoors. 4 (first communication port 401).

  Since such a foundation drainer 9 is provided, rainwater that flows down the ventilation space 3, for example, rainwater that is blocked by the ridges 41 of the plate 40 and guided downward, is discharged from the first communication port 401. At that time, rainwater falls on the draining piece 9 b of the base draining 9. Further, the rainwater passes through the surface of the base drainer 9 and is discharged to the outside. At this time, the water falls to a predetermined position. Moreover, since the lower part of the ventilation space 3 is obstruct | occluded by the base drainer 9, the wind and rain which winds up from the bottom become difficult to be blown into the ventilation space 3, and the penetration | invasion of the wind force into the ventilation space 3 is suppressed for this reason.

  Furthermore, in the upper part of the outer wall structure, a gap is formed between the upper end of the outer wall part 1 and the eaves ceiling part (eave ceiling) 7, and this gap connects the ventilation space 3 and the outdoor 4 ( It becomes the 2nd communication port 402). Further, a ventilation parting edge 15 is provided on the outdoor side of the second communication port 402. The ventilation parting edge 15 is arranged at a predetermined distance from the outer wall portion 1 to the outdoor side, thereby shielding the second communication port 402. The lower surface of the ventilation parting edge 15 is open, so that the ventilation space 3 communicates with the outside through the second communication port 402. Such a ventilation parting edge 15 makes the second communication port 402 inconspicuous in appearance, and the ventilation parting edge 15 suppresses intrusion of wind and rain from the second communication port 402 into the ventilation space 3.

  Since the ventilation space 3 communicates with the outside through the communication port 4 in this manner, outside air easily enters the ventilation space 3 and passes through as shown by arrows in FIG. That is, for example, outside air enters the ventilation space 3 from the first communication port 401, and the entered outside air rises in the ventilation space 3, and is further discharged to the outside through the second communication port 402. At this time, if the ventilation parting edge 15 is provided on the lower side of the eaves ceiling part 7, the flow direction of the outside air can be moved away from the eaves ceiling part 7, and the outside air can flow smoothly. Moreover, even if the outside air contains moisture, it is difficult for the outside air to directly hit the eaves ceiling 7.

  When the communication port 4 that communicates between the outside (outdoor) of the building and the ventilation space 3 is formed in this way, the pressure difference between the ventilation space 3 and the outside becomes small. Infiltration of wind and rain into the shore is suppressed. Thereby, an outer wall structure with higher waterproofness is realized. The communication port 4 is formed, for example, at a location where the wall base 2 is not partially covered with the outer wall material 10.

  In the case where the communication port 4 is not formed, for example, when the pressure on the outdoor side of the outer wall portion 1 is increased by blowing air on the outer wall portion 1, the outside air enters the indoor side from the joint between the adjacent outer wall materials 10. Inflow of rainwater and so on becomes easier. However, in the present embodiment, since the communication port 4 is formed, a pressure difference between the ventilation space 3 and the outside becomes small, so that it is difficult for outside air, rainwater, and the like to flow from the outside to the inside. Even if outside air, rainwater, or the like flows from the communication port 4, the amount thereof is small, and in this embodiment, for example, it is quickly discharged to the outside from the first communication port 401. Moreover, if some moisture is attached to the wall base 2, the penetration of moisture into the room is sufficiently suppressed by the waterproof sheet 14.

  Thus, in this embodiment, even if wind is blown against the outer wall 1, intrusion of rainwater from the joint is sufficiently suppressed.

  In order to sufficiently suppress the inflow of rainwater or the like into the indoor space, the pressure difference between the ventilation space 3 and the outside is 50 Pa or less under the condition that the wind speed blown to the outer wall portion 1 is 20 m / sec or less. It is preferable to become. The wind blown to the outer wall 1 in this case may be at least one of a front wind (wind perpendicular to the wall surface) and a slope wind (wind blowing down from the upper 45 ° toward the wall surface). In both cases, the pressure difference is preferably 50 Pa or less. The water spraying pressure test for the building for performing the performance evaluation of such an outer wall structure can be performed according to JIS A1414 “Performance test of building components (panel) and its structural part, 6.5 watertight test”.

In order to sufficiently suppress the inflow of rainwater or the like into the indoor space, the opening area of the communication port 4 with respect to the area of the wall surface of the wall base 2 in the ventilation space 3 is preferably 65 cm ² / m ² or more. . That is, it is preferable that the opening area of the communication port 4 per 1 m ^{2 of} the wall surface is 65 cm ² or more. The wall surface here is a surface constituting the wall of the building, and is composed of the surface on the outdoor side of the wall foundation 2. The wall surface is generally above the base portion 8 and more than the eaves portion 7. This is the lower planar part. The wall surface does not include the area of the opening 30 such as a window or a ventilation opening. When there are a plurality of communication ports 4 communicating with the ventilation space 3, the total amount of the opening areas of the plurality of communication ports 4 is preferably 65 cm ² / m ² or more. That is, in this embodiment, it is preferable that the total amount of the opening areas of the first communication port 401 and the second communication port 402 communicating with the ventilation space 3 is 65 cm ² / m ² or more. The communication ports 4 may be provided concentrated on a part of the wall surface or distributed on the wall surface. Therefore, when the area of the wall surface is Sm ² , the total area of the communication ports 4 may be 65 × Scm ² or more. If the ratio of the opening area of the communication port 4 is smaller than this, the pressure difference may not be reduced. The upper limit of the ratio of the opening area of the communication port 4 is not particularly limited. If the inflow of rainwater or the like from the communication port 4 is sufficiently suppressed due to sufficient water closing, the ratio of the opening area of the communication port 4 is better. It has been confirmed by experiments that the differential pressure decreases as the ratio of the opening area of the communication port 4 increases in the range of the opening area ratio of the communication port 4 up to 110 cm ² / m ² .

  When the first communication port 401 communicating with the lower end of the ventilation space 3 is formed as in the present embodiment, even if rainwater or the like enters the ventilation space 3, the rainwater or the like enters the first communication port 401. It becomes easy to be discharged. Moreover, when such a 1st communicating port 401 is formed, the ratio that a wind and rain hits the wall base 2 directly will reduce. Therefore, when a plurality of communication ports 4 are formed, the opening area of the first communication port 401 communicating with the lower end of the ventilation space 3 is preferably larger than the opening areas of the other communication ports 4.

In particular, the opening area of the first communication port 401 is preferably 150 cm ² or more per 1 m of the frontage (the lateral length of the wall surface). In this case, the movement of air between the outdoors and the ventilation space 3 is reliably performed. For that purpose, the length (gap width) in the vertical direction of the first communication port 401 is preferably about 10 to 30 mm, for example, 18 mm. It is also preferable that the length of the first communication port 401 in the vertical direction is larger than the thickness of the vertical trunk edge 11.

  The opening area of the first communication port 401 is preferably larger than 50% of the minimum sectional area of the ventilation space 3 in the horizontal direction. The reason that the minimum cross-sectional area in the horizontal direction of the ventilation space 3 is used as a reference is that this value greatly determines the ease of air flow in the ventilation space 3. As described above, if the opening area of the first communication port 401 is larger than 50% of the minimum sectional area of the ventilation space 3 in the horizontal direction, the first communication port 401 prevents the air from flowing through the ventilation space 3. For this reason, the pressure difference between the outdoors and the ventilation space 3 is further reduced. The minimum cross-sectional area in the horizontal direction of the ventilation space 3 is the area of the region between the outer wall material 10 and the wall base 2 excluding the vertical trunk edge 11 and the mounting bracket 50. However, since the mounting bracket 50 has a sufficiently small cross-sectional area as compared with others, it may be ignored in calculation. Therefore, the minimum cross-sectional area in the horizontal direction of the ventilation space 3 is obtained by multiplying the width of the ventilation space 3 (the distance between the outer wall material 10 and the wall base 2) by the lateral length of the wall surface and arranging it on the wall surface. It may be regarded as a value obtained by subtracting the cross-sectional area of the vertical trunk edge 11 formed.

The total opening area of the second communication port 402 is preferably 6.0 cm ² or less with respect to the wall surface 1 m ² . If the opening area of the second communication port 402 is larger than this, the ventilation parting edge 15 may be too large.

  As shown in FIG. 8A, a corner portion 5 is formed by one wall surface (for example, the lower wall surface in the drawing) and another wall surface (for example, the right or left wall surface in the drawing) on the outer wall of the building. However, the outer wall structure is provided with a ventilation dividing portion 6 that divides the ventilation space 3 provided on one wall surface and the ventilation space 3 provided on the other wall surface in the corner portion 5. Is preferred. In this embodiment, the ventilating part 6 is formed by arranging the airtight packing 6a formed in a long length in the longitudinal direction. Thus, by dividing the ventilation space 3 for each wall surface by the ventilation dividing portion 6, it is possible to prevent air from flowing from the ventilation space 3 on one wall surface to the ventilation space 3 on the other wall surface. And the pressure difference between the outside and the outside can be reduced.

In order to reduce the pressure difference between the ventilation space 3 and the outside, it is ideal that no gap is formed in the wall base 2. However, in actual construction of the outer wall, a slight gap may be formed in the joint between the face material and the opening 30, such as a mounting portion of a facility such as a sash (window frame) or a ventilation fan. There is. Therefore, in order to reduce the pressure difference between the ventilation space 3 and the outside, it is preferable to reduce the gap between the wall base 2 as much as possible so that the total area with respect to the wall surface is 9 cm ² / m ² or less. If the total area of the gap with respect to the wall surface is larger than 9 cm ² / m ² , the air may move from the ventilation space 3 to the indoor side and the pressure difference between the ventilation space 3 and the outside may not be reduced. The total area of the gap is theoretically 0 cm ² / m ² if the entire surface of the wall can be covered with a face material such as plywood without providing the opening 30 or the like, but 3 cm ^{2 in} the construction on site. It is realistic to be / m ² or less.

  When an opening that penetrates indoors and outdoors, such as the opening 30, is provided, it is preferable to attach an airtight tape around the opening 30 in the wall base 2. Thereby, it becomes possible to ensure airtightness. A gap may also be formed at the abutting portion between the structural face materials 20 such as the plate material constituting the face material, and the waterproof sheet 14 is pasted over the abutting portion between the structural face materials 20 such as the plate material. If worn, the airtightness can be improved.

The wall base 2 may be provided with an opening after the construction of the outer wall by an air conditioner or the like. Therefore, it is preferable that the total opening area of the gaps with respect to the wall surface during construction of the outer wall is 5 cm ² / m ² or less. By making the opening area of the gap within this range, it becomes possible to ensure airtightness.

  In FIG. 11, the form of the outer wall structure with a high wall surface is shown. Such a form is used for a two-story or three-story or higher building. When the height of the wall surface increases, the area of the wall surface inevitably increases, and accordingly the opening area of the communication port 4 needs to be increased accordingly.

  In FIG. 11A, the communication port 4 having a large area is formed on the upper side of the base portion 8, and the communication port 4 having a small area is formed on the lower side of the eaves ceiling portion 7. In such a design, when the opening area is set to the range shown above, the opening by the communication port 4 in the base portion 8 may be too large. For example, in the case of a one-story building, the opening width is 18 mm. If the communication port 4 to be designed is a two-story building, the opening width is 36 mm, and wind and rain may enter or the appearance may deteriorate.

  Therefore, in FIG. 11B, a communication port 4 having a large area is formed on the upper side of the base part 8 and in the middle of the floor height (such as a boundary part between the upper floor part and the lower floor part), and the eaves part 7 A communication port 4 having a small area is formed on the lower side. At this time, the distance between the communication ports 4 and 4 is preferably within 3 m. In this form, since the opening by the communicating port 4 is disperse | distributed to a predetermined location, each opening area can be made small.

  Moreover, in FIG.11 (c), while forming the communication port 4 with a large area on the upper side of the base part 8, the communication port 4 with a small area is formed on the lower side of the eaves top part 7, and also the outer wall adjacent up and down The communication port 4 is formed as a gap extending in the lateral direction between the materials 10 and 10 (so-called horizontal joint portion). In this case, the openings of the communication ports 4 are further dispersed, and the openings can be made less noticeable.

  FIG. 12 shows an example of a structure in which the communication port 4 is formed in the middle of the floor. 12 (a) and 12 (b) correspond to the form of FIG. 11 (b). The outer wall portion 1 is divided by the floor high drainer 22 and communication openings are provided on both upper and lower sides of the floor high drainer 22. FIG. 4 is provided. By using the floor high drainer 22, it is possible to drain the water in the middle of the floor height, and the hanging floor high drain tip 22 a covers the opening front of the communication port 4 provided below the floor high drainer 22. Therefore, it is possible to make it difficult for wind and rain to blow directly into the communication port 4 on the lower side of the floor high drainer 22.

  In FIG. 12A, the floor drainer 22 is attached to the surface of the vertical trunk edge 11 on the outdoor side. Moreover, in FIG.12 (b), the floor high drainer 22 is attached to the surface of the wall base 2, and the outer wall part 1 and the vertical trunk edge 11 are parted by the up-down direction. In this form, it is possible to form the vertical trunk edge 11 and the outer wall portion 1 for each floor. In FIGS. 12A and 12B, when the roof portion 21 is formed at the boundary between the lower floor portion and the upper floor portion, the opening becomes less conspicuous if the communication port 4 is formed adjacent to the roof. preferable.

  FIG. 12C corresponds to the form of FIG. 11C, and the communication port 4 is formed by the gap between the outer wall materials 10 and 10. In the case where the gap between the outer wall materials 10 and 10 is the communication port 4, the openings can be dispersed and become less conspicuous. The width L of the gap between the outer wall materials 10 and 10 can be designed as appropriate, and can be set to, for example, about 1 to 5 mm, specifically 3 mm. In order for the total amount of the opening area of the communication port 4 to satisfy the above range, the width L of the gap between the outer wall materials 10 and 10 is preferably 1.5 mm or more.

  Since the vertical trunk edge 11 is disposed in the ventilation space 3, there is a possibility that the movement of air may be hindered. Therefore, in order to make the air flow smooth, the communication port 4 is formed in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vertical body edge 11, that is, the vertical body edge 11 and the communication port 4 are formed substantially orthogonally. It is preferable. For example, as described above, the communication port 4 can be provided at the lower end portion of the wall surface (upper side of the base portion 8) and the upper end portion of the wall surface (below the eaves ceiling portion 7), and further in the gap between the upper and lower outer wall materials 10 The communication port 4 can also be provided. Thereby, the linear communication port 4 can be formed in the horizontal direction which is a direction perpendicular | vertical to the vertical trunk edge 11. FIG.

  In the above embodiment, the first communication port 401 opened at the lower end portion of the outer wall portion 1 and the second communication port 402 opened at the upper end portion of the outer wall portion 1 are mainly formed. However, one of the first communication port 401 and the second communication port 402 may be formed. Alternatively, the first communication port 401 and the second communication port 402 are not formed, and the communication port 4 is formed in the gap between the outer wall materials 10, thereby ensuring the necessary opening area of the communication port 4. May be.

  The invention is explained in more detail by means of examples.

[Test Examples 1 to 5]
An outer wall model modeled as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was prepared, and a test eye plate was attached to the outer wall model. As the test plate material, a material having no joint guide and having ten ridges on each side of the central region was prepared. The interval between the ridges was 10 mm, the protruding dimension of the ridges to the outdoor side was 3 mm, and the distance between the ridges of the ridges and the indoor side surface of the outer wall material was 1.5 mm.

  Further, in Test Example 1, the joint width is 24 mm, and the interval (overhang) between the end face of the outer wall material at the joint and the protrusions disposed just outside the end face is 2 mm. In Test Example 2, the joint width is 12 mm, and the overhang is 2 mm. In Test Example 3, the joint width was 12 mm and the overhang was 4 mm. In Test Example 4, the joint width was 12 mm and the overhang was 14 mm. In Test Example 5, the joint width was 12 mm and the overhang was 16 mm.

For each outer wall structure model, water was sprayed for 10 minutes under conditions of a pressure of 50 Pa and a water spray amount of 4 L / m ² · min (240 mm / hr). Subsequently, it was confirmed how many ridges the water crossed by running sideways on the eye plate material.

  As a result, in Test Examples 1 and 2 in which the overhang is the same and the joint width is different, the lateral running of water is almost prevented up to the second ridge, but compared to Test Example 1 in which the joint width is 24 mm, It was confirmed that the lateral running of water was suppressed in Test Example 2 with a joint width of 12 mm. For this reason, when a joint plate material does not have a joint guide, it is preferable that joint width is 12 mm or less.

  Further, in Test Examples 2 to 5 having the same joint width and different overhangs, no clear superiority due to the difference in overhangs was observed, but it was determined from the experimental results that the overhangs are preferably 2 mm or more. The

  In any of the test examples, the water runs over the first ridge with a considerable frequency due to side running, so the number of ridges on each side of the central region of the eye plate material is at least 2 or more. Should.

[Test Examples 6 and 7]
An outer wall model modeled as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 was prepared, and a test eye plate was attached to the outer wall model. As the test plate material, a material having a joint guide and two ridges on each side of the central region was prepared. The width of the joint guide is 10 mm, the projecting dimension of the joint guide to the outdoor side is 11 mm, the spacing between the ridges is 3 mm, the projecting dimension of the ridges to the outdoor side, and the ridgeline of the ridge and the indoor side of the outer wall material The distance was 1.5 mm. The clearance between the end face of the outer wall material at the joint and the joint guide was 2 mm.

  Further, the distance between the joint guide and the convex line immediately outside the joint guide was 6 mm in Test Example 6 and 10 mm in Test Example 7.

For each outer wall structure model, water was sprayed for 10 minutes under conditions of a pressure of 50 Pa and a water spray amount of 4 L / m ² · min (240 mm / hr). Subsequently, it was confirmed how many ridges the water crossed by running sideways on the eye plate material.

  As a result, in any of Test Examples 6 and 7, the lateral running of water was substantially prevented up to the second ridge.

[Test Examples 8 to 16]
Since it was verified that the pressure difference between the ventilation space 3 and the external space is particularly low when the opening area of the communication port is 65 cm ² / m ² or more with respect to the area of the wall surface of the wall base in the ventilation space. The results are shown.

Using a specimen (house) having an outer wall structure as shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, the differential pressure (pressure difference with the external space) generated in the ventilation space 3 was measured. As the test body, a vertical trunk edge 11 having a thickness of 18 mm and a mounting bracket 50 having a protruding width of 5 mm were used, and the thickness of the ventilation space 3 was set to 23 mm. A rectangular outer wall material 10 was horizontally stretched to form the outer wall portion 1. Moreover, the wall surface was divided for every surface by the ventilation | gas_flow part 6 (airtight packing 6a). There was no division within the wall. Further, a structural face material made of plywood was used for the wall base 2, and a ventilation parting edge 15 was disposed on the lower side of the eaves ceiling part 7. As for the opening area of the wall base 2, the actual gap was 9 cm ² / m ² , and the effective opening area where the resistance was calculated was 5 cm ² / m ² . The dimension of the wall surface was 2.4 m long × 5.4 m wide (area: 13.0 m ² ). The opening 30 was not provided. The position of the communication port 4 is the upper side of the base portion 8, the lower side of the eaves ceiling portion 7 (parting portion), and the gap (base material portion) between the outer wall materials 10, 10. The shape of the communication port 4 is horizontal A straight line extending in the direction was used. Other specifications are as shown in Table 1.

Front surface of the test specimen at a wind speed of 5 m / sec (evaluation of an assumed wind speed of 20 m / sec is measured at a wind speed of 5 m / sec due to equipment constraints and converted by the following conversion formula). Applying wind (wind perpendicular to the wall surface, angle 0 ° to the horizontal direction) or slope wind (wind blowing obliquely to the wall surface, angle 45 ° to the horizontal direction), the ventilation space 3 and the outside The pressure difference was measured at many points on the wall surface, and the maximum value was noted. In order to evaluate the pressure difference at an assumed wind speed of 20 m / sec, the pressure difference is obtained using the conversion formula P = V ² × 1/2 × ρ (P: wind pressure, V: wind speed, ρ: air density). It was. The pressure was measured by averaging 300 points for 30 seconds per measurement point using a Baratron (Nihon KS Corp., 220DD-00001A2B). In order to reduce the generated differential pressure to 50 Pa or less at an assumed wind speed of 20 m / sec, the differential pressure coefficient ΔCp needs to be about 0.21 or less. The results are shown in Table 1.

  As shown in Table 1, it was confirmed that the generated differential pressure ΔP was smaller when the opening area of the communication port 4 was larger.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outer wall part 101 1st outer wall material 102 2nd outer wall material 2 Wall base 3 Ventilation space 4 Communication port 40 Eyeplate material 41 Projection

Claims (2)

A wall base, a first outer wall member and a second outer wall member installed at positions on the outdoor side with respect to the wall base, the wall base, the first outer wall member, and the second outer wall member, With eye plate material installed at a position between
The first outer wall material and the second outer wall material are butted against each other in the horizontal direction,
The eye plate material is disposed at a position covering the butted portion of the first outer wall material and the second outer wall material from the indoor side,
In the joint plate material, a joint guide that is long in the vertical direction protruding from the butted portion to the outdoor side is formed, and the joint guide is interposed between the first outer wall member and the second outer wall member,
At least two ridges in the vertical direction are provided on the eye plate material at positions closer to the first outer wall material than the butted portion and positions closer to the second outer wall material than the butted portion. Formed,
Each of the ridges is in contact with or close to the indoor side surface of the first outer wall material or the second outer wall material,
The interval between the end face of the first outer wall material or the second outer wall material in the butted portion and the protruding line arranged just outside the end face is 2 mm or more,
No sealing material is filled between the first outer wall material and the second outer wall material, and a gap is formed between the adjacent first outer wall material and the second outer wall material. And
Comprising an outer wall portion composed of a plurality of outer wall materials including the first outer wall material and the second outer wall material, the outer wall portion being installed at a position on the outdoor side with respect to the wall base,
A ventilation space communicating with the outdoors is formed between the wall base and the outer wall portion,
An outer wall structure comprising a communication port connecting the ventilation space and the outdoors, wherein the ratio of the opening area of the communication port to the area of the wall surface of the wall base in the ventilation space is 65 cm ² / m ² or more. The outer wall structure according to claim 1, further comprising a mounting bracket for fixing an outer wall material to the wall base.

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