JP5985875B2 - Copolymer, rubber composition and pneumatic tire - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a copolymer, a rubber composition containing the copolymer, and a pneumatic tire containing the rubber composition.

In recent years, from the standpoint of saving resources and protecting the environment, it has been required to improve fuel efficiency by improving rolling resistance of tires, and also to improve wet grip performance to improve safety during driving.

Hysteresis loss is required to improve fuel economy, and wet skid resistance is required to improve wet grip performance. However, low hysteresis loss and high wet skid resistance are contradictory, and it is difficult to improve the fuel economy and wet grip performance in a balanced manner.

As a method for improving fuel economy and wet grip performance in a well-balanced manner, there is a method using silica as a filler. Silica has strong self-aggregation property and there is room for improvement in that it is difficult to disperse. Patent Document 1 discloses a method of blending a diene rubber (modified rubber) modified with an organosilicon compound containing an amino group and an alkoxy group to obtain a rubber composition excellent in fuel efficiency and wet grip performance. Although described, there is a need to provide other methods.

JP 2000-344955 A

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a copolymer that can provide a rubber composition and a pneumatic tire with improved fuel economy and wet grip performance in a well-balanced manner.

As a result of intensive studies and studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have determined that the active terminal of a copolymer obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound and a specific compound using a polymerization initiator having a specific functional group. By producing a pneumatic tire using a rubber composition containing a copolymer obtained by reacting a compound having a specific functional group and having a weight average molecular weight Mw within a specific range, low fuel consumption In addition, the present inventors have found that the wet grip performance is improved in a well-balanced manner and have made the present invention.

［式中、ｄは０又は１であり、Ｒ^１は炭素原子数１〜１００のヒドロカルビレン基を表し、Ｒ^２及びＲ^３は、置換基を有してもよいヒドロカルビル基、又は、トリヒドロカルビルシリル基を表すか、あるいは、Ｒ^２とＲ^３とが結合して、ケイ素原子、窒素原子及び酸素原子からなる原子群から選択される少なくとも１種の原子をヘテロ原子として有していてもよいヒドロカルビレン基を表し、Ｍはアルカリ金属原子を表す。］

［式中、Ｒ^１１、Ｒ^１２及びＲ^１３は炭素原子数が１〜１０のヒドロカルビル基を表し、それぞれ同じであっても異なっていても良い。］

［式中、ｐは１〜１０の整数を表し、Ｒ^２１、Ｒ^２２及びＲ^２３は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビル基又は炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビルオキシ基を表し、Ｒ^２１、Ｒ^２２及びＲ^２３の少なくとも１つがヒドロカルビルオキシ基であり、Ａ^１は窒素原子を有する官能基を表す。］

That is, the present invention provides an active terminal of a copolymer obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound and a compound represented by the following formula (II) using a polymerization initiator represented by the following formula (I): Weight average molecular weight obtained by reacting a compound represented by the formula (III) and / or a silicon compound having a group represented by the following formula (IV) and / or a group represented by the following formula (V) The present invention relates to a copolymer having Mw of 1.0 × 10 ^{5 to} 2.5 × 10 ⁶ .

[Wherein, d is 0 or 1, R ¹ represents a hydrocarbylene group having 1 to 100 carbon atoms, and R ² and R ³ represent a hydrocarbyl group which may have a substituent, or tri A hydrocarbylsilyl group, or R ² and R ³ may be bonded to each other and have at least one atom selected from the group consisting of a silicon atom, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom as a heteroatom. Represents a good hydrocarbylene group, and M represents an alkali metal atom. ]

[Wherein R ¹¹ , R ¹² and R ¹³ represent a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. ]

[Wherein, p represents an integer of 1 to 10, and R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ each independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Wherein at least one of R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ is a hydrocarbyloxy group, and A ¹ represents a functional group having a nitrogen atom. ]

［式中、Ｒ^４は共役ジエン化合物由来の構造単位及び／又は芳香族ビニル化合物由来の構造単位からなるヒドロカルビレン基を表し、ｎは１〜１０の整数を表す。］ R ¹ in the formula (I) is preferably a group represented by the following formula (Ia).

[Wherein R ⁴ represents a hydrocarbylene group composed of a structural unit derived from a conjugated diene compound and / or a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, and n represents an integer of 1 to 10. ]

R ⁴ in the formula (Ia) is preferably a hydrocarbylene group composed of 1 to 10 structural units derived from isoprene.

A ¹ in formula (III) is preferably an amino group which may have a substituent.

［式中、Ｒ^３１、Ｒ^３２及びＲ^３３は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビル基又は炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビルオキシ基を表し、Ｒ^３１、Ｒ^３２及びＲ^３３の少なくとも１つがヒドロカルビルオキシ基である。］ The silicon compound having a group represented by the formula (IV) and / or a group represented by the formula (V) preferably has a group represented by the following formula (VI).

^Wherein, R ^{31, R 32} and ^{R 33} are each independently, a hydrocarbyl group or a number of carbon atoms of 1 to 4 carbon atoms represents hydrocarbyloxy group having from 1 to ^4, R ^{31, R 32} and R ^At least one of ³³ is a hydrocarbyloxy group. ]

［式中、ｈは１〜１０の整数を表し、Ｒ^３４、Ｒ^３５及びＲ^３６は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビル基又は炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビルオキシ基を表し、Ｒ^３４、Ｒ^３５及びＲ^３６の少なくとも１つがヒドロカルビルオキシ基である。］ The silicon compound having a group represented by the formula (IV) and / or a group represented by the formula (V) is preferably a silicon compound having a group represented by the following formula (IVa).

[Wherein, h represents an integer of 1 to 10, and R ³⁴ , R ³⁵ and R ³⁶ each independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. And at least one of R ³⁴ , R ³⁵ and R ³⁶ is a hydrocarbyloxy group. ]

The content of the compound represented by the formula (II) in the copolymer is preferably 0.05 to 35% by mass.

The copolymer is a copolymer obtained by polymerizing an aromatic vinyl compound together with the conjugated diene compound and the compound represented by the formula (II), and the aromatic vinyl compound in the copolymer It is preferable that content of is 0.1-55 mass%.
The aromatic vinyl compound is preferably styrene.

The present invention also relates to a rubber composition containing 5% by mass or more of the copolymer in 100% by mass of the rubber component. The rubber composition preferably contains 5 to 150 parts by mass of silica with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.

The rubber composition is preferably used as a tire rubber composition.
The present invention also relates to a pneumatic tire produced using the rubber composition.

According to the present invention, a compound having a specific functional group is reacted with an active terminal of a copolymer obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound and a specific compound using a polymerization initiator having a specific functional group. Since the obtained copolymer has a weight average molecular weight Mw within a specific range, in a rubber composition and a pneumatic tire using the copolymer, low fuel consumption and wet grip performance can be improved in a well-balanced manner.

［式中、ｄは０又は１であり、Ｒ^１は炭素原子数１〜１００のヒドロカルビレン基を表し、Ｒ^２及びＲ^３は、置換基を有してもよいヒドロカルビル基、又は、トリヒドロカルビルシリル基を表すか、あるいは、Ｒ^２とＲ^３とが結合して、ケイ素原子、窒素原子及び酸素原子からなる原子群から選択される少なくとも１種の原子をヘテロ原子として有していてもよいヒドロカルビレン基を表し、Ｍはアルカリ金属原子を表す。］

［式中、Ｒ^１１、Ｒ^１２及びＲ^１３は炭素原子数が１〜１０のヒドロカルビル基を表し、それぞれ同じであっても異なっていても良い。］

［式中、ｐは１〜１０の整数を表し、Ｒ^２１、Ｒ^２２及びＲ^２３は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビル基又は炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビルオキシ基を表し、Ｒ^２１、Ｒ^２２及びＲ^２３の少なくとも１つがヒドロカルビルオキシ基であり、Ａ^１は窒素原子を有する官能基を表す。］

<Copolymer>
The copolymer of the present invention has an active terminal of a copolymer obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound and a compound represented by the following formula (II) using a polymerization initiator represented by the following formula (I). Obtained by reacting a silicon compound having a group represented by the following formula (III) and / or a group represented by the following formula (IV) and / or a group represented by the following formula (V): The average molecular weight Mw is 1.0 × 10 ^{5 to} 2.5 × 10 ⁶ .

[Wherein, d is 0 or 1, R ¹ represents a hydrocarbylene group having 1 to 100 carbon atoms, and R ² and R ³ represent a hydrocarbyl group which may have a substituent, or tri A hydrocarbylsilyl group, or R ² and R ³ may be bonded to each other and have at least one atom selected from the group consisting of a silicon atom, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom as a heteroatom. Represents a good hydrocarbylene group, and M represents an alkali metal atom. ]

[Wherein R ¹¹ , R ¹² and R ¹³ represent a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. ]

[Wherein, p represents an integer of 1 to 10, and R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ each independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Wherein at least one of R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ is a hydrocarbyloxy group, and A ¹ represents a functional group having a nitrogen atom. ]

By using the copolymer together with silica, interaction between the polymerization initiator and silica contained in the copolymer, interaction between the compound represented by the formula (II) and silica, and terminal The interaction between the modifier and silica improves the dispersibility of the silica and restricts the movement of the copolymer. As a result, it is possible to obtain a pneumatic tire with reduced hysteresis loss, improved fuel efficiency, and improved wet grip performance.
In addition, the copolymer is modified with a combination of specific compounds at the starting end, main chain, and stopping end, so the improvement effect is synergistically improved, and fuel efficiency and wet grip performance are greatly improved. it can.

［式中、ｄは０又は１であり、Ｒ^１は炭素原子数１〜１００のヒドロカルビレン基を表し、Ｒ^２及びＲ^３は、置換基を有してもよいヒドロカルビル基、又は、トリヒドロカルビルシリル基を表すか、あるいは、Ｒ^２とＲ^３とが結合して、ケイ素原子、窒素原子及び酸素原子からなる原子群から選択される少なくとも１種の原子をヘテロ原子として有していてもよいヒドロカルビレン基を表し、Ｍはアルカリ金属原子を表す。］ (Polymerization initiator)
In the present invention, a compound represented by the following formula (I) is used as a polymerization initiator.

[Wherein, d is 0 or 1, R ¹ represents a hydrocarbylene group having 1 to 100 carbon atoms, and R ² and R ³ represent a hydrocarbyl group which may have a substituent, or tri A hydrocarbylsilyl group, or R ² and R ³ may be bonded to each other and have at least one atom selected from the group consisting of a silicon atom, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom as a heteroatom. Represents a good hydrocarbylene group, and M represents an alkali metal atom. ]

D in the formula (I) is 0 or 1, preferably 1.

R ¹ in the formula (I) is a hydrocarbylene group having 1 to 100 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrocarbylene group having 6 to 100 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 80 carbon atoms. It is a hydrocarbylene group. When the number of carbon atoms in R ¹ exceeds 100, the molecular weight of the polymerization initiator increases, and the economy and operability during polymerization may be reduced.
As the polymerization initiator represented by formula (I), the number of carbon atoms of R ¹ may be used in combination plural kinds of different compounds.

［式中、Ｒ^４は共役ジエン化合物由来の構造単位及び／又は芳香族ビニル化合物由来の構造単位からなるヒドロカルビレン基を表し、ｎは１〜１０の整数を表す。］ R ¹ in the formula (I) is preferably a group represented by the following formula (Ia).

[Wherein R ⁴ represents a hydrocarbylene group composed of a structural unit derived from a conjugated diene compound and / or a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, and n represents an integer of 1 to 10. ]

In formula (Ia), R ⁴ represents a hydrocarbylene group composed of a structural unit derived from a conjugated diene compound and / or a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, preferably a hydrocarbylene group composed of a structural unit derived from isoprene. And more preferably a hydrocarbylene group consisting of 1 to 10 structural units derived from isoprene.

The number of structural units derived from the conjugated diene compound and / or aromatic vinyl compound in R ⁴ is preferably 1 to 10 units, and more preferably 1 to 5 units.

In the formula (Ia), n is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably an integer of 2 to 4.

R ¹ includes a group in which 1 to 10 structural units derived from isoprene and a methylene group are bonded, a group in which 1 to 10 structural units derived from isoprene and an ethylene group are bonded, and a structural unit 1 to 1 derived from isoprene. Examples thereof include a group in which 10 units and a trimethylene group are bonded, and a group in which 1 to 10 structural units derived from isoprene and a trimethylene group are bonded is preferable.

R ² and R ^{3 in} formula (I) represent a hydrocarbyl group or trihydrocarbylsilyl group which may have a substituent, or R ² and R ³ are bonded to each other to form a silicon atom, The hydrocarbylene group which may have as a hetero atom the atom selected from the group which consists of a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom is represented.

The hydrocarbyl group which may have a substituent is a hydrocarbyl group or a substituted hydrocarbyl group. Examples of the substituent in the substituted hydrocarbyl group include a substituted amino group and a hydrocarbyloxy group. Hydrocarbyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, and n-octyl. Group, a chain alkyl group such as n-dodecyl group; a cyclic alkyl group such as cyclopentyl group and cyclohexyl group; and an aryl group such as phenyl group and benzyl group, preferably a chain alkyl group, more preferably Is a chain alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of the substituted hydrocarbyl group in which the substituent is a substituted amino group include an N, N-dimethylaminomethyl group, a 2-N, N-dimethylaminoethyl group, and a 3-N, N-dimethylaminopropyl group. Examples of the substituted hydrocarbyl group in which the substituent is a hydrocarbyloxy group include a methoxymethyl group, a methoxyethyl group, and an ethoxymethyl group. Among these, a hydrocarbyl group is preferable, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferable.

Examples of the trihydrocarbylsilyl group include a trimethylsilyl group and a tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl group, and a trimethylsilyl group is preferable.

The hydrocarbylene group which may have at least one atom selected from the atomic group consisting of a silicon atom, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom as a heteroatom is a hydrocarbylene group, or a heteroatom is a silicon atom, nitrogen It is a heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene group which is at least one atom selected from an atomic group consisting of an atom and an oxygen atom. As the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene group in which the heteroatom is at least one atom selected from the group consisting of a silicon atom, a nitrogen atom, and an oxygen atom, the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene group in which the heteroatom is a silicon atom, Examples thereof include a heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene group in which the heteroatom is a nitrogen atom and a heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene group in which the heteroatom is an oxygen atom. Examples of the hydrocarbylene group include a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, a hexamethylene group, a pentan-2-ene-1,5-diyl group, and a 2,2,4-trimethylhexane-1,6-diyl group. Alkylene group; Alkenediyl group such as pentane-2-ene-1,5-diyl group can be mentioned, preferably an alkylene group, more preferably an alkylene group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms. Examples of the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene group in which the heteroatom is a silicon atom include a group represented by —Si (CH ₃ ) ₂ —CH ₂ —CH ₂ —Si (CH ₃ ) ₂ —. Examples of the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene group in which the heteroatom is a nitrogen atom include a group represented by —CH═N—CH═CH— and a group represented by —CH═N—CH ₂ —CH ₂ —. be able to. Examples of the heteroatom-containing hydrocarbylene group in which the heteroatom is an oxygen atom include a group represented by —CH ₂ —CH ₂ —O—CH ₂ —CH ₂ —. In these, a hydrocarbylene group is preferable, a C4-C7 alkylene group is more preferable, and a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, and a hexamethylene group are further more preferable.

R ² and R ³ are preferably hydrocarbyl groups, or R ² and R ³ are preferably bonded to form a hydrocarbylene group, which is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a bond It is more preferably an alkylene group having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, and further preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.

In formula (I), M represents an alkali metal atom. Examples of the alkali metal atom include Li, Na, K, and Cs, and Li is preferable.

Among the polymerization initiators represented by the formula (I), examples of the compound in which d is 1 include compounds obtained by polymerizing 1-5 units of isoprene units on an aminoalkyllithium compound. Examples of the aminoalkyllithium compound include 3- (N, N-dimethylamino) -1-propyllithium, 3- (N, N-diethylamino) -1-propyllithium, 3- (N, N-di-n- Butylamino) -1-propyllithium, 4- (N, N-dimethylamino) -1-butyllithium, 4- (N, N-diethylamino) -1-butyllithium, 4- (N, N-di-n) N, N-dialkylaminoalkyllithium such as -propylamino) -1-butyllithium, 3- (N, N-di-n-butylamino) -1-butyllithium; 3- (1-pyrrolidino) -1- Propyllithium, 3- (1-piperidino) -1-propyllithium, 3- (1-hexamethyleneimino) -1-propyllithium, 3- [1- (1,2,3,6-tetrahydro) Non-heteroatom-containing cyclic aminoalkyllithium compounds such as lysino)]-1-propyllithium; 3- (1-morpholino) -1-propyllithium, 3- (1-imidazolyl) -1-propyllithium, 3- (4 , 5-dihydro-1-imidazolyl) -1-propyllithium, 3- (2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-aza-2,5-disila-1-cyclopentyl) -1-propyllithium, etc. Heteroatom-containing cyclic aminoalkyllithium compounds can be mentioned, N, N-dialkylaminoalkyllithium is preferred, 3- (N, N-dimethylamino) -1-propyllithium or 3- (N, N-diethylamino) -1-Propyllithium is more preferred.

Among the polymerization initiators represented by the formula (I), compounds in which d is 0 include lithium hexamethylene imide, lithium pyrrolidide, lithium piperidide, lithium heptamethylene imide, lithium dodecamethylene imide, and lithium dimethylamide. , Lithium diethylamide, lithium dipropylamide, lithium dibutylamide, lithium dihexylamide, lithium diheptylamide, lithium dioctylamide, lithimdi-2-ethylhexylamide, lithium didecylamide, lithium-N-methylpiperazide, lithium ethylpropylamide, lithium Examples include ethyl butyramide, lithium methyl butyramide, lithium ethyl benzylamide, lithium methyl phenethyl amide and the like.

Among the polymerization initiators represented by the formula (I), a compound in which d is 0 may be preliminarily prepared from a secondary amine and a hydrocarbyl lithium compound and used for the polymerization reaction, or may be generated in a polymerization system. Also good. Here, examples of the secondary amine include dimethylamine, diethylamine, dibutylamine, dioctylamine, dicyclohexylamine, diisobutylamine and the like, as well as azacycloheptane (ie, hexamethyleneimine), 2- (2-ethylhexyl) pyrrolidine, 3 -(2-propyl) pyrrolidine, 3,5-bis (2-ethylhexyl) piperidine, 4-phenylpiperidine, 7-decyl-1-azacyclotridecane, 3,3-dimethyl-1-azacyclotetradecane, 4- Dodecyl-1-azacyclooctane, 4- (2-phenylbutyl) -1-azacyclooctane, 3-ethyl-5-cyclohexyl-1-azacycloheptane, 4-hexyl-1-azacycloheptane, 9-isoamyl -1-Azacycloheptadecane, 2-methyl-1-a Cycloheptadec-9-ene, 3-isobutyl-1-azacyclododecane, 2-methyl-7-tert-butyl-1-azacyclododecane, 5-nonyl-1-azacyclododecane, 8- (4-methylphenyl) -5-pentyl-3-azabicyclo [5.4.0] undecane, 1-butyl-6-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 8-ethyl-3-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, -Propyl-3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, 3- (t-butyl) -7-azabicyclo [4.3.0] nonane, 1,5,5-trimethyl-3-azabicyclo [4.4 .0] cyclic amines such as decane.

As the polymerization initiator represented by the formula (I), a compound in which d is 1 is preferable, and a compound obtained by polymerizing 1 to 5 units of isoprene units to N, N-dialkylaminoalkyllithium is more preferable. A compound obtained by polymerizing 1 to 5 units of isoprene units on N, N-dimethylamino) -1-propyllithium or 3- (N, N-diethylamino) -1-propyllithium is more preferable.

In the above copolymer, the content of the structural unit derived from the polymerization initiator represented by the formula (I) is preferably 0.00 per polymer unit mass from the viewpoint of improving fuel economy and wet grip performance in a balanced manner. It is 0001 mmol / g polymer or more, more preferably 0.001 mmol / g polymer or more, preferably 0.15 mmol / g polymer or less, more preferably 0.1 mmol / g polymer or less.

［式中、Ｒ^１１、Ｒ^１２及びＲ^１３は炭素原子数が１〜１０のヒドロカルビル基を表し、それぞれ同じであっても異なっていても良い。］ (Monomer component)
In the present invention, as a monomer component, a conjugated diene compound, a compound represented by the following formula (II), and an aromatic vinyl compound are used as necessary.

[Wherein R ¹¹ , R ¹² and R ¹³ represent a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. ]

Examples of the conjugated diene compound include 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, and myrcene. Two or more kinds may be used. From the viewpoint of availability, 1,3-butadiene and isoprene are preferable.

The content of the conjugated diene compound in the copolymer is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately adjusted according to the content of other components, but is preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, Further, it is preferably 90% by mass or less, more preferably 85% by mass or less, and further preferably 80% by mass or less. If it is in the said range, the effect of this invention will be acquired favorably.
In addition, content of the conjugated diene compound in the said copolymer can be measured by the method of the Example mentioned later.

In the above formula (II), the hydrocarbyl group represented by R ¹¹ and R ¹² has 1 to 10 carbon atoms. If the number of carbon atoms exceeds 10, the cost tends to increase. The number of carbon atoms is preferably 1-8, more preferably 1-6, from the viewpoint that the resulting copolymer is highly effective in improving fuel economy and wet grip performance.

Examples of the hydrocarbyl group represented by R ¹¹ and R ¹² include a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group such as an alkyl group and a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group such as an aryl group. R ¹¹ and R ¹² are preferably alkyl groups from the viewpoint of high fuel economy and wet grip performance improvement effect by the obtained copolymer, and are methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n- A butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group are more preferable, and a methyl group is more preferable.

The hydrocarbyl group represented by R ¹³ has 1 to 10 carbon atoms. If the number of carbon atoms exceeds 10, the cost tends to increase. The number of carbon atoms is preferably 1-8, more preferably 1-6, from the viewpoint that the resulting copolymer is highly effective in improving fuel economy and wet grip performance.

Examples of the hydrocarbyl group represented by R ¹³ include the same groups as the hydrocarbyl groups represented by R ¹¹ and R ¹² . R ¹³ is preferably an alkyl group from the viewpoint of high fuel economy and wet grip performance improvement effect by the obtained copolymer, and is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, An isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group are more preferable, and an isopropyl group and a tert-butyl group are still more preferable.

The compound represented by the formula (II) can be synthesized by a known method. Specifically, a silane compound such as dialkyldichlorosilane is added to tetrahydrofuran, (4-vinylphenyl) magnesium bromide and the like are added at a low temperature, alkoxy potassium is further added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for a certain period of time. Obtained by distillation purification.

As the compound represented by the formula (II), for example, tert-butoxydimethylsilylstyrene, isopropoxydimethylsilylstyrene, and the like can be used. Of these, tert-butoxydimethylsilylstyrene and isopropoxydimethylsilylstyrene are preferable from the viewpoint of high fuel economy and high wet grip performance.

The content of the compound represented by the formula (II) in the copolymer is preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and preferably 35% by mass or less. More preferably, it is 10 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 5 mass% or less, Most preferably, it is 2 mass% or less. If it is less than 0.05% by mass, it is difficult to obtain an effect of improving fuel economy and wet grip performance, while if it exceeds 35% by mass, the cost tends to be high.

As the aromatic vinyl compound, styrene, α-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, vinylnaphthalene, divinylbenzene, trivinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene and the like can be used, and styrene can be preferably used.
When the copolymer contains an aromatic vinyl compound, the content of the aromatic vinyl compound in the copolymer is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and still more preferably 10%. Further, it is preferably at most 55 mass%, more preferably at most 40 mass%, further preferably at most 30 mass%, particularly preferably at most 25 mass%. If it is less than 0.1% by mass, the wet grip performance tends to deteriorate, whereas if it exceeds 55% by mass, the fuel efficiency tends to deteriorate.
In addition, content of the aromatic vinyl compound in the said copolymer can be measured by the method of the Example mentioned later.

(Terminal modifier)
The copolymer of the present invention includes a compound represented by the following formula (III) and / or a silicon compound having a group represented by the following formula (IV) and / or a group represented by the following formula (V) ( The terminal is modified by a terminal modifier.

［式中、ｐは１〜１０の整数を表し、Ｒ^２１、Ｒ^２２及びＲ^２３は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビル基又は炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビルオキシ基を表し、Ｒ^２１、Ｒ^２２及びＲ^２３の少なくとも１つがヒドロカルビルオキシ基であり、Ａ^１は窒素原子を有する官能基を表す。］ Hereinafter, the compound represented by the following formula (III) will be described.

[Wherein, p represents an integer of 1 to 10, and R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ each independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Wherein at least one of R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ is a hydrocarbyloxy group, and A ¹ represents a functional group having a nitrogen atom. ]

R ²¹ , R ²² and R ^{23 in} formula (III) each independently represent a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and R ²¹ , R ²² and At least one of R ²³ is a hydrocarbyloxy group.

Examples of the hydrocarbyl group of R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ include alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group and tert-butyl group. Can do. Moreover, as hydrocarbyloxy group of R < ²¹ >, R < ²² > and R < ²³ >, alkoxy groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, sec-butoxy group, and t-butoxy group Can give.

The hydrocarbyl group of R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ is preferably an alkyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, still more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group. . Further, the hydrocarbyloxy group of R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ is preferably an alkoxy group, more preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a methoxy group, ethoxy It is a group.

R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ are preferably a hydrocarbyloxy group, more preferably at least two of R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ from the viewpoint of improving fuel economy and wet grip performance in a balanced manner. Three of R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ are hydrocarbyloxy groups.

P in the formula (III) represents an integer of 1 to 10. From the viewpoint of improving fuel economy and wet grip performance in a well-balanced manner, it is preferably 3 or more, and from the viewpoint of improving economy, it is preferably 4 or less. Particularly preferred is 3.

A ^{1 in the} formula (III) is a functional group having a nitrogen atom, and examples thereof include an amino group, an isocyano group, a cyano group, a pyridyl group, a piperidyl group, a pyrazinyl group, and a morpholino group. Of these, an amino group is preferred because it provides good fuel economy and wet grip performance.

The amino group of A ¹ may have a substituent. Examples of such an amino group include a group represented by the following formula.

［式中、Ｒ^２４及びＲ^２５は、それぞれ独立に、窒素原子、酸素原子及びケイ素原子からなる原子群から選ばれる少なくとも１種の原子を有していてもよい炭素原子数が１〜６の基を表し、Ｒ^２４及びＲ^２５は結合して窒素原子と共に環構造を形成していてもよく、Ｒ^２４及びＲ^２５は窒素に二重結合で結合する同一の基であってもよい。］ A ¹ is preferably a group represented by the following formula (IIIa).

[Wherein, R ²⁴ and R ²⁵ each independently have 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have at least one atom selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a silicon atom. R ²⁴ and R ²⁵ may be bonded to form a ring structure together with the nitrogen atom, and R ²⁴ and R ²⁵ may be the same group bonded to the nitrogen by a double bond. ]

Examples of R ²⁴ and R ^{25 in} formula (IIIa) include a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a substituted silyl group.

Examples of the hydrocarbyl group of R ²⁴ and R ²⁵ include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, neopentyl group, and isopentyl group. And alkyl groups such as n-hexyl group; cycloalkyl groups such as cyclohexyl group; phenyl groups and the like.

The substituted hydrocarbyl group of R ²⁴ and R ^{25 is} a substituted hydrocarbyl group having as a substituent at least one group selected from the group consisting of a group having a nitrogen atom, a group having an oxygen atom, and a group having a silicon atom. I can give you. Examples of the group having a group having a nitrogen atom as a substituent include dialkylaminoalkyl groups such as a dimethylaminoethyl group and a diethylaminoethyl group. Examples of the group having a group having an oxygen atom as a substituent include methoxymethyl Group, alkoxyalkyl group such as methoxyethyl group, ethoxymethyl group, ethoxyethyl group; alkylene oxide group such as epoxy group, tetrahydrofuranyl group; alkylene oxide alkyl group such as glycidyl group, tetrahydrofurfuryl group, etc. Examples of the group having a group having a silicon atom as a substituent include a trialkylsilylalkyl group such as a trimethylsilylmethyl group.

In the present specification, the alkylene oxide group represents a monovalent group obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from a ring of a cyclic ether compound. The alkylene oxide alkyl group represents a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group are substituted with an alkylene oxide group.

Examples of the substituted silyl group for R ²⁴ and R ²⁵ include a trialkylsilyl group such as a trimethylsilyl group, a triethylsilyl group, and a t-butyldimethylsilyl group; a trialkoxysilyl group such as a trimethoxysilyl group.

The group to which R ²⁴ and R ²⁵ are bonded is a divalent divalent having 2 to 12 carbon atoms that may have at least one atom selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a silicon atom. Group. For example, an alkylene group such as a trimethylene group, a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, and a hexamethylene group; an oxydialkylene group such as an oxydiethylene group and an oxydipropylene group; and —CH ₂ CH ₂ —NH—CH ₂ — And a nitrogen-containing group such as a group represented by —CH ₂ CH ₂ —N═CH—.

The group to which R ²⁴ and R ²⁵ are bonded is preferably a nitrogen-containing group, a group represented by —CH ₂ CH ₂ —NH—CH ₂ —, a group represented by —CH ₂ CH ₂ —N═CH—. Is more preferable.

The same group bonded to the nitrogen of R ²⁴ and R ^{25 with} a double bond is the number of carbon atoms optionally having at least one atom selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a silicon atom 2 to 12 divalent groups. Examples thereof include an ethylidene group, 1-methylpropylidene group, 1,3-dimethylbutylidene group, 1-methylethylidene group, 4-N, N-dimethylaminobenzylidene group.

The hydrocarbyl group of R ²⁴ and R ²⁵ is preferably an alkyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, still more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, or an n-propyl group. , An n-butyl group, and more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group. The substituted hydrocarbyl group for R ²⁴ and R ²⁵ is preferably an alkoxyalkyl group, an alkylene oxide group, or an alkylene oxide alkyl group. The substituted silyl group for R ²⁴ and R ²⁵ is preferably a trialkylsilyl group or a trialkoxysilyl group, more preferably a trialkylsilyl group, still more preferably a trimethylsilyl group or a triethylsilyl group. .

R ²⁴ and R ²⁵ are preferably a nitrogen-containing group to which R ²⁴ and R ²⁵ are bonded, an alkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an alkylene oxide group, an alkylene oxide alkyl group, or a substituted silyl group, and more preferably an alkyl group. A group, an alkylene oxide group, an alkylene oxide alkyl group, and a trialkylsilyl group.

Examples of the group represented by the formula (IIIa) include an acyclic amino group and a cyclic amino group.
Examples of the acyclic amino group include dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, di (n-propyl) amino group, di (isopropyl) amino group, di (n-butyl) amino group, di (sec-butyl) amino group, di ( dialkylamino groups such as tert-butyl) amino group, di (neopentyl) amino group, ethylmethylamino group; di (methoxymethyl) amino group, di (methoxyethyl) amino group, di (ethoxymethyl) amino group, di ( And di (alkoxyalkyl) amino groups such as ethoxyethyl) amino group; and di (trialkylsilyl) amino groups such as di (trimethylsilyl) amino group and di (t-butyldimethylsilyl) amino group. In addition, di (alkylene oxide) amino groups such as di (epoxy) amino groups and di (tetrahydrofuranyl) amino groups; di (alkylene oxide alkyl) amino groups such as di (glycidyl) amino groups and di (tetrahydrofurfuryl) amino groups You can raise a group. Furthermore, an ethylideneamino group, 1-methylpropylideneamino group, 1,3-dimethylbutylideneamino group, 1-methylethylideneamino group, 4-N, N-dimethylaminobenzylideneamino group, and the like can also be mentioned.
In this specification, the di (alkylene oxide) amino group represents an amino group in which two hydrogen atoms bonded to a nitrogen atom are substituted with two alkylene oxide groups, and the di (alkylene oxide alkyl) amino group Represents an amino group in which two hydrogen atoms bonded to a nitrogen atom are substituted with two alkylene oxide alkyl groups.

Examples of the cyclic amino group include 1-pyrrolidinyl group, 1-piperidino group, 1-hexamethyleneimino group, 1-heptamethyleneimino group, 1-octamethyleneimino group, 1-decamethyleneimino group, 1-dodecamethyleneimino. 1-polymethyleneimino groups such as groups can be mentioned. Examples of the cyclic amino group include 1-imidazolyl group, 4,5-dihydro-1-imidazolyl group, 1-imidazolidinyl group, 1-piperazinyl group, morpholino group and the like.

The group represented by the formula (IIIa) is preferably an acyclic amino group, more preferably a dialkylamino group, a dialkylamino group, from the viewpoint of low fuel consumption, wet grip performance, long-term stability and availability of the compound. (Alkylene oxide) amino group, di (alkylene oxide alkyl) amino group, di (trialkylsilyl) amino group.

As the compound represented by the formula (III), the formula (IIIa) is a dialkylamino group, a di (alkoxyalkyl) amino group, a di (alkyleneoxide) amino group, a di (alkyleneoxidealkyl) amino group, a trialkylsilyl group. Examples thereof include compounds that are non-cyclic amino groups such as a group.

As the compound in which the formula (IIIa) is a dialkylamino group,
[3- (dimethylamino) propyl] trimethoxysilane,
[3- (diethylamino) propyl] trimethoxysilane,
[3- (ethylmethylamino) propyl] trimethoxysilane,
[3- (dimethylamino) propyl] triethoxysilane,
[3- (diethylamino) propyl] triethoxysilane,
[3- (dialkylamino) propyl] trialkoxysilanes such as [3- (ethylmethylamino) propyl] triethoxysilane;

[3- (dimethylamino) propyl] methyldimethoxysilane,
[3- (diethylamino) propyl] methyldimethoxysilane,
[3- (ethylmethylamino) propyl] methyldimethoxysilane,
[3- (dimethylamino) propyl] ethyldimethoxysilane,
[3- (diethylamino) propyl] ethyldimethoxysilane,
[3- (ethylmethylamino) propyl] ethyldimethoxysilane,
[3- (dimethylamino) propyl] methyldiethoxysilane,
[3- (diethylamino) propyl] methyldiethoxysilane,
[3- (ethylmethylamino) propyl] methyldiethoxysilane,
[3- (dimethylamino) propyl] ethyldiethoxysilane,
[3- (diethylamino) propyl] ethyldiethoxysilane,
[3- (dialkylamino) propyl] alkyl dialkoxysilanes such as [3- (ethylmethylamino) propyl] ethyldiethoxysilane;

[3- (dimethylamino) propyl] dimethylmethoxysilane,
[3- (diethylamino) propyl] dimethylmethoxysilane,
[3- (dimethylamino) propyl] diethylmethoxysilane,
[3- (diethylamino) propyl] diethylmethoxysilane,
[3- (dimethylamino) propyl] dimethylethoxysilane,
[3- (diethylamino) propyl] dimethylethoxysilane,
[3- (dimethylamino) propyl] diethylethoxysilane,
[3- (Dialkylamino) propyl] dialkylalkoxysilanes such as [3- (diethylamino) propyl] diethylethoxysilane can be mentioned.

As the compound in which the formula (IIIa) is a di (alkoxyalkyl) amino group,
{3- [di (methoxymethyl) amino] propyl} trimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxymethyl) amino] propyl} trimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxyethyl) amino] propyl} trimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxyethyl) amino] propyl} trimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxymethyl) amino] propyl} triethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxymethyl) amino] propyl} triethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxyethyl) amino] propyl} triethoxysilane,
{3- [di (alkoxyalkyl) amino] propyl} trialkoxysilanes such as {3- [di (ethoxyethyl) amino] propyl} triethoxysilane;

{3- [di (methoxymethyl) amino] propyl} methyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxymethyl) amino] propyl} methyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxyethyl) amino] propyl} methyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxyethyl) amino] propyl} methyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxymethyl) amino] propyl} ethyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxymethyl) amino] propyl} ethyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxyethyl) amino] propyl} ethyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxyethyl) amino] propyl} ethyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxymethyl) amino] propyl} methyldiethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxymethyl) amino] propyl} methyldiethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxyethyl) amino] propyl} methyldiethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxyethyl) amino] propyl} methyldiethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxymethyl) amino] propyl} ethyldiethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxymethyl) amino] propyl} ethyldiethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxyethyl) amino] propyl} ethyldiethoxysilane,
{3- [di (alkoxyalkyl) amino] propyl} alkyldialkoxysilanes such as {3- [di (ethoxyethyl) amino] propyl} ethyldiethoxysilane;

{3- [di (methoxymethyl) amino] propyl} dimethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxymethyl) amino] propyl} dimethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxyethyl) amino] propyl} dimethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxyethyl) amino] propyl} dimethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxymethyl) amino] propyl} diethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxymethyl) amino] propyl} diethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxyethyl) amino] propyl} diethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxyethyl) amino] propyl} diethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxymethyl) amino] propyl} dimethylethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxymethyl) amino] propyl} dimethylethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxyethyl) amino] propyl} dimethylethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxyethyl) amino] propyl} dimethylethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxymethyl) amino] propyl} diethylethoxysilane,
{3- [di (ethoxymethyl) amino] propyl} diethylethoxysilane,
{3- [di (methoxyethyl) amino] propyl} diethylethoxysilane,
Mention may be made of {3- [di (alkoxyalkyl) amino] propyl} dialkylalkoxysilanes such as {3- [di (ethoxyethyl) amino] propyl} diethylethoxysilane.

As the compound in which the formula (IIIa) is a di (alkylene oxide) amino group,
{3- [di (epoxy) amino] propyl} trimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (epoxy) amino] propyl} triethoxysilane,
{3- [di (epoxy) amino] propyl} methyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (epoxy) amino] propyl} ethyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (epoxy) amino] propyl} methyldiethoxysilane,
{3- [di (epoxy) amino] propyl} ethyldiethoxysilane,
{3- [di (epoxy) amino] propyl} dimethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (epoxy) amino] propyl} diethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (epoxy) amino] propyl} dimethylethoxysilane,
Compounds wherein formula (IIIa) is a di (epoxy) amino group, such as {3- [di (epoxy) amino] propyl} diethylethoxysilane;

{3- [di (tetrahydrofuranyl) amino] propyl} trimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (tetrahydrofuranyl) amino] propyl} triethoxysilane,
{3- [di (tetrahydrofuranyl) amino] propyl} methyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (tetrahydrofuranyl) amino] propyl} ethyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (tetrahydrofuranyl) amino] propyl} methyldiethoxysilane,
{3- [di (tetrahydrofuranyl) amino] propyl} ethyldiethoxysilane,
{3- [di (tetrahydrofuranyl) amino] propyl} dimethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (tetrahydrofuranyl) amino] propyl} diethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (tetrahydrofuranyl) amino] propyl} dimethylethoxysilane,
Mention may be made of compounds in which the formula (IIIa) is a di (tetrahydrofuranyl) amino group such as {3- [di (tetrahydrofuranyl) amino] propyl} diethylethoxysilane.

As the compound in which the formula (IIIa) is a di (alkylene oxide alkyl) amino group,
{3- [di (glycidyl) amino] propyl} trimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (glycidyl) amino] propyl} triethoxysilane,
{3- [di (glycidyl) amino] propyl} methyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (glycidyl) amino] propyl} ethyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (glycidyl) amino] propyl} methyldiethoxysilane,
{3- [di (glycidyl) amino] propyl} ethyldiethoxysilane,
{3- [di (glycidyl) amino] propyl} dimethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (glycidyl) amino] propyl} diethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (glycidyl) amino] propyl} dimethylethoxysilane,
Compounds in which the formula (IIIa) is a di (glycidyl) amino group such as {3- [di (glycidyl) amino] propyl} diethylethoxysilane;

{3- [di (tetrahydrofurfuryl) amino] propyl} trimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (tetrahydrofurfuryl) amino] propyl} triethoxysilane,
{3- [di (tetrahydrofurfuryl) amino] propyl} methyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (tetrahydrofurfuryl) amino] propyl} ethyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (tetrahydrofurfuryl) amino] propyl} methyldiethoxysilane,
{3- [di (tetrahydrofurfuryl) amino] propyl} ethyldiethoxysilane,
{3- [di (tetrahydrofurfuryl) amino] propyl} dimethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (tetrahydrofurfuryl) amino] propyl} diethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (tetrahydrofurfuryl) amino] propyl} dimethylethoxysilane,
Examples include compounds in which the formula (IIIa) is a di (tetrahydrofurfuryl) amino group, such as {3- [di (tetrahydrofurfuryl) amino] propyl} diethylethoxysilane.

As the compound in which the formula (IIIa) is a trialkylsilyl group,
{3- [di (trimethylsilyl) amino] propyl} trimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (t-butyldimethylsilyl) amino] propyl} trimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (trimethylsilyl) amino] propyl} triethoxysilane,
{3- [di (trialkylsilyl) amino] propyl} trialkoxysilanes such as {3- [di (t-butyldimethylsilyl) amino] propyl} triethoxysilane;

{3- [di (trimethylsilyl) amino] propyl} methyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (t-butyldimethylsilyl) amino] propyl} methyldimethoxysilane,
{3- [di (trimethylsilyl) amino] propyl} methyldiethoxysilane,
{3- [di (trialkylsilyl) amino] propyl} alkyldialkoxysilanes such as {3- [di (t-butyldimethylsilyl) amino] propyl} methyldiethoxysilane;

{3- [di (trimethylsilyl) amino] propyl} dimethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (t-butyldimethylsilyl) amino] propyl} dimethylmethoxysilane,
{3- [di (trimethylsilyl) amino] propyl} dimethylethoxysilane,
Mention may be made of {3- [di (trialkylsilyl) amino] propyl} dialkylalkoxysilanes such as {3- [di (t-butyldimethylsilyl) amino] propyl} dimethylethoxysilane.

Of these, [3- (dialkylamino) propyl] trialkoxysilane is preferred,
[3- (dimethylamino) propyl] trimethoxysilane,
[3- (diethylamino) propyl] trimethoxysilane,
[3- (dimethylamino) propyl] triethoxysilane,
[3- (Diethylamino) propyl] triethoxysilane is more preferred.

Moreover, as a compound represented by Formula (III), Formula (IIIa) is 1-piperidino group, 1-hexamethyleneimino group, 1-imidazolyl group, 4,5-dihydro-1-imidazolyl group, 1- Examples thereof include compounds that are cyclic amino groups such as piperazinyl group and morpholino group.

Examples of the compound in which the formula (IIIa) is a 1-piperidino group include 3- (1-piperidino) propyltrimethoxysilane, 3- (1-piperidino) propyltriethoxysilane, and 3- (1-piperidino) propylmethyldimethoxysilane. 3- (1-piperidino) propylethyldimethoxysilane, 3- (1-piperidino) propylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3- (1-piperidino) propylethyldiethoxysilane, and the like.

As a compound in which the formula (IIIa) is a 1-hexamethyleneimino group,
3- (1-hexamethyleneimino) propyltrimethoxysilane,
3- (1-hexamethyleneimino) propyltriethoxysilane,
3- (1-hexamethyleneimino) propylmethyldimethoxysilane,
3- (1-hexamethyleneimino) propylethyldimethoxysilane,
3- (1-hexamethyleneimino) propylmethyldiethoxysilane,
3- (1-hexamethyleneimino) propylethyldiethoxysilane and the like can be mentioned.

As the compound in which the formula (IIIa) is a 1-imidazolyl group,
N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) imidazole,
Examples thereof include N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) imidazole.

As the compound in which the formula (IIIa) is a 4,5-dihydro-1-imidazolyl group,
N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) -4,5-dihydroimidazole,
Examples thereof include N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -4,5-dihydroimidazole.

As a compound in which the formula (IIIa) is a 1-piperazinyl group,
3- (1-piperazinyl) propyltrimethoxysilane,
3- (1-piperazinyl) propyltriethoxysilane,
3- (1-piperazinyl) propylmethyldimethoxysilane,
3- (1-piperazinyl) propylethyldimethoxysilane,
3- (1-piperazinyl) propylmethyldiethoxysilane,
3- (1-piperazinyl) propylethyldiethoxysilane and the like can be mentioned.

As the compound in which the formula (IIIa) is a morpholino group,
3-morpholinopropyltrimethoxysilane,
3-morpholinopropyltriethoxysilane,
3-morpholinopropylmethyldimethoxysilane,
3-morpholinopropylethyldimethoxysilane,
3-morpholinopropylmethyldiethoxysilane,
Examples thereof include 3-morpholinopropylethyldiethoxysilane.

Among these, a compound in which formula (IIIa) is a 1-imidazolyl group and a compound in which formula (IIIa) is a 4,5-dihydro-1-imidazolyl group are preferable,
N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) imidazole,
N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) imidazole,
N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) -4,5-dihydroimidazole,
N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -4,5-dihydroimidazole is more preferred.

Hereinafter, the silicon compound having a group represented by the following formula (IV) and / or a group represented by the following formula (V) will be described.

Examples of the group having a group represented by the formula (IV) include an amide group, a carboxylic ester group, a methacryloyl group, and an acryloyl group. Examples of the group having a group represented by the formula (V) include oxydialkylene groups such as oxydimethylene group and oxydiethylene group; alkylene oxide groups such as epoxy group and tetrahydrofuranyl group.
In the present specification, the alkylene oxide group represents a monovalent group obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from a ring of a cyclic ether compound.

［式中、Ｒ^３１、Ｒ^３２及びＲ^３３は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビル基又は炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビルオキシ基を表し、Ｒ^３１、Ｒ^３２及びＲ^３３の少なくとも１つがヒドロカルビルオキシ基である。］ The silicon compound preferably has a group represented by the following formula (VI).

^Wherein, R ^{31, R 32} and ^{R 33} are each independently, a hydrocarbyl group or a number of carbon atoms of 1 to 4 carbon atoms represents hydrocarbyloxy group having from 1 to ^4, R ^{31, R 32} and R ^At least one of ³³ is a hydrocarbyloxy group. ]

In the formula (VI), examples of the hydrocarbyl group of R ³¹ , R ³² and R ³³ include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group and tert-butyl group. An alkyl group etc. can be mention | raise | lifted. The hydrocarbyloxy group of R ³¹ , R ³² and R ^{33 is} an alkoxy group such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, a sec-butoxy group or a t-butoxy group. Can give.

The hydrocarbyl group of R ³¹ , R ³² and R ³³ is preferably an alkyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, still more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group. . Further, the hydrocarbyloxy group of R ³¹ , R ³² and R ³³ is preferably an alkoxy group, more preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a methoxy group or ethoxy group. It is a group.

R ³¹ , R ³² and R ³³ are preferably at least two of R ³¹ , R ³² and R ³³ are hydrocarbyloxy groups, more preferably from the viewpoint of improving fuel economy and wet grip performance in a balanced manner. Three of R ³¹ , R ³² and R ³³ are hydrocarbyloxy groups.

［式中、ｈは１〜１０の整数を表し、Ｒ^３４、Ｒ^３５及びＲ^３６は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビル基又は炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビルオキシ基を表し、Ｒ^３４、Ｒ^３５及びＲ^３６の少なくとも１つがヒドロカルビルオキシ基である。］ Examples of the silicon compound having a group represented by the formula (IV) and a group represented by the formula (VI) include a silicon compound having a group represented by the following formula (IVa).

[Wherein, h represents an integer of 1 to 10, and R ³⁴ , R ³⁵ and R ³⁶ each independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. And at least one of R ³⁴ , R ³⁵ and R ³⁶ is a hydrocarbyloxy group. ]

h represents an integer of 1 to 10. From the standpoint of improving fuel economy and wet grip performance in a well-balanced manner, it is preferably 2 or more, and preferably 4 or less from the viewpoint of improving economy during production. Particularly preferred is 3.

For R ³⁴ , R ³⁵ and R ³⁶ , the exemplified groups and preferred groups are the same as the exemplified groups and preferred groups described above for R ³¹ , R ³² and R ³³ of formula (VI).

［式中、ｉは１〜１０の整数を表し、Ｒ^３７、Ｒ^３８及びＲ^３９は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビル基又は炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビルオキシ基を表し、Ｒ^３７、Ｒ^３８及びＲ^３９の少なくとも１つがヒドロカルビルオキシ基であり、Ｒ^４０及びＲ^４１は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子数が１〜１０のヒドロカルビル基、炭素原子数が１〜１０の置換ヒドロカルビル基、炭素原子数が１〜１０のヒドロカルビルオキシ基又は炭素原子数が１〜１０の置換ヒドロカルビルオキシ基を表し、Ｒ^４０及びＲ^４１は結合していてもよい。］ Examples of the silicon compound having a group represented by the formula (IVa) include compounds represented by the following formula (IVa-1) or the following formula (IVa-2).

[Wherein, i represents an integer of 1 to 10, and R ³⁷ , R ³⁸ and R ³⁹ are each independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Wherein at least one of R ³⁷ , R ³⁸ and R ³⁹ is a hydrocarbyloxy group, R ⁴⁰ and R ⁴¹ are each independently a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and 1 to 10 carbon atoms. A substituted hydrocarbyl group, a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a substituted hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R ⁴⁰ and R ⁴¹ may be bonded to each other. ]

［式中、ｊ、ｋ及びｌは、それぞれ独立に、１〜１０の整数を表し、Ｒ^４２〜Ｒ^５０は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビル基又は炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビルオキシ基を表し、Ｒ^４２、Ｒ^４３及びＲ^４４の少なくとも１つがヒドロカルビルオキシ基であり、Ｒ^４５、Ｒ^４６及びＲ^４７の少なくとも１つがヒドロカルビルオキシ基であり、Ｒ^４８、Ｒ^４９及びＲ^５０の少なくとも１つがヒドロカルビルオキシ基である。］

[Wherein j, k and l each independently represents an integer of 1 to 10, and R ^{42 to} R ⁵⁰ each independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or 1 carbon atom. represents to 4 hydrocarbyloxy ^group, at least one of hydrocarbyloxy groups R ^{42, R 43} and ^{R 44,} at least one of hydrocarbyloxy groups R ^{45, R 46} and ^{R 47, R 48, R 49} And at least one of R ⁵⁰ is a hydrocarbyloxy group. ]

I in Formula (IVa-1) represents an integer of 1 to 10. From the standpoint of improving fuel economy and wet grip performance in a well-balanced manner, it is preferably 2 or more, and preferably 4 or less from the viewpoint of improving economy during production. Particularly preferred is 3.

In the formula (IVa-1), examples of the hydrocarbyl group of R ³⁷ , R ³⁸ and R ³⁹ include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group. And an alkyl group. The hydrocarbyloxy group of R ³⁷ , R ³⁸ and R ^{39 is} an alkoxy group such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, a sec-butoxy group or a t-butoxy group. Can give.

The hydrocarbyl group of R ³⁷ , R ³⁸ and R ³⁹ is preferably an alkyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, still more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group. . Further, the hydrocarbyloxy group of R ³⁷ , R ³⁸ and R ³⁹ is preferably an alkoxy group, more preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a methoxy group, ethoxy It is a group.

R ³⁷ , R ³⁸ and R ³⁹ are preferably at least two of R ³⁷ , R ³⁸ and R ³⁹ are hydrocarbyloxy groups, more preferably from the viewpoint of improving fuel economy and wet grip performance in a balanced manner. Three of R ³⁷ , R ³⁸ and R ³⁹ are hydrocarbyloxy groups.

Examples of the hydrocarbyl group of R ⁴⁰ and R ⁴¹ include alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, and tert-butyl group.

The substituted hydrocarbyl group of R ⁴⁰ and R ^{41 includes} a substituted hydrocarbyl group having at least one group selected from the group consisting of a group having a nitrogen atom, a group having an oxygen atom and a group having a silicon atom as a substituent. I can give you. Examples of the group having a group having a nitrogen atom as a substituent include dialkylaminoalkyl groups such as a dimethylaminoethyl group and a diethylaminoethyl group. Examples of the group having a group having an oxygen atom as a substituent include methoxymethyl Group, alkoxyalkyl group such as methoxyethyl group, ethoxymethyl group, ethoxyethyl group and the like. Examples of the group having a silicon atom group as a substituent include trialkylsilyl groups such as trimethylsilylmethyl group and triethylsilylmethyl group. Examples thereof include a silylalkyl group.

Examples of the hydrocarbyloxy group of R ⁴⁰ and R ⁴¹ include alkoxy groups such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, a sec-butoxy group, and a t-butoxy group. . Examples of the substituted hydrocarbyloxy group for R ¹⁴ and R ¹⁵ include alkoxyalkoxy groups such as a methoxymethoxy group, a methoxyethoxy group, an ethoxymethoxy group, and an ethoxyethoxy group.

The group to which R ⁴⁰ and R ⁴¹ are bonded is a divalent divalent having 2 to 12 carbon atoms that may have at least one atom selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a silicon atom. Group. For example, an alkylene group such as a trimethylene group, a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, and a hexamethylene group; an oxydialkylene group such as an oxydiethylene group and an oxydipropylene group; and —CH ₂ CH ₂ —NH—CH ₂ — And a nitrogen-containing group such as a group represented by —CH ₂ CH ₂ —N═CH—.

R ⁴⁰ is preferably an alkyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a methyl group and an ethyl group.

R ⁴¹ is preferably an alkyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a methyl group and an ethyl group.

J, k, and l of Formula (IVa-2) each independently represent an integer of 1 to 10. From the standpoint of improving fuel economy and wet grip performance in a well-balanced manner, it is preferably 2 or more, and preferably 4 or less from the viewpoint of improving economy during production. Particularly preferred is 3.

In the formula (IVa-2), the hydrocarbyl groups of R ^{42 to} R ⁵⁰ include alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, and tert-butyl group. Group. In addition, examples of the hydrocarbyloxy group of R ^{42 to} R ⁵⁰ include alkoxy groups such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, a sec-butoxy group, and a t-butoxy group. Can do.

The hydrocarbyl group of R ^{42 to} R ⁵⁰ is preferably an alkyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group. The hydrocarbyloxy group of R ^{42 to} R ⁵⁰ is preferably an alkoxy group, more preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a methoxy group or an ethoxy group. .

R ⁴² , R ⁴³ and R ⁴⁴ are preferably at least two of R ⁴² , R ⁴³ and R ⁴⁴ are hydrocarbyloxy groups, more preferably from the viewpoint of improving fuel economy and wet grip performance in a balanced manner. Three of R ⁴² , R ⁴³ and R ⁴⁴ are hydrocarbyloxy groups. R ⁴⁵ , R ⁴⁶ and R ⁴⁷ are preferably at least two of R ⁴⁵ , R ⁴⁶ and R ⁴⁷ are hydrocarbyloxy groups, more preferably from the viewpoint of improving fuel economy and wet grip performance in a balanced manner. Three of R ⁴⁵ , R ⁴⁶ and R ⁴⁷ are hydrocarbyloxy groups. Moreover, as R ⁴⁸ , R ⁴⁹ and R ⁵⁰ , preferably, at least two of R ⁴⁸ , R ⁴⁹ and R ⁵⁰ are hydrocarbyloxy groups, more preferably from the viewpoint of improving fuel economy and wet grip performance in a balanced manner. In the formula, three of R ⁴⁸ , R ⁴⁹ and R ⁵⁰ are hydrocarbyloxy groups.

As the compound represented by the formula (IVa-1),
N-methyl-N- (trimethoxysilylmethyl) -acetamide,
N-methyl-N- (triethoxysilylmethyl) -acetamide,
N-methyl-N- (2-trimethoxysilylethyl) -acetamide,
N-methyl-N- (2-triethoxysilylethyl) -acetamide,
N-methyl-N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) -acetamide,
N-alkyl-N-trialkoxysilylalkyl-acetamides such as N-methyl-N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -acetamide;
N-methyl-N- (trimethoxysilylmethyl) -propionamide,
N-methyl-N- (triethoxysilylmethyl) -propionamide,
N-methyl-N- (2-trimethoxysilylethyl) -propionamide,
N-methyl-N- (2-triethoxysilylethyl) -propionamide,
N-methyl-N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) -propionamide,
N-alkyl-N-trialkoxysilylalkyl-propionamide, such as N-methyl-N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -propionamide,
N-alkyl-N-trialkoxysilylalkyl-substituted carboxylic acid amides can be mentioned.

As the compound represented by the formula (IVa-1), preferably
N-alkyl-N-trialkoxysilylalkyl-substituted carboxylic acid amide,
More preferably,
N-alkyl-N-trialkoxysilylalkyl-propionamide,
More preferably,
N-methyl-N- (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) -propionamide,
N-methyl-N- (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) -propionamide.

As the compound represented by the formula (IVa-2),
1,3,5-tris (3-trimethoxysilylmethyl) isocyanurate,
1,3,5-tris (3-triethoxysilylmethyl) isocyanurate,
1,3,5-tris (3-trimethoxysilylethyl) isocyanurate,
1,3,5-tris (3-triethoxysilylethyl) isocyanurate,
1,3,5-tris (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) isocyanurate,
Mention may be made of 1,3,5-tris (trialkoxyalkyl) isocyanurate such as 1,3,5-tris (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) isocyanurate.

As the compound represented by the formula (IVa-2), preferably
1,3,5-tris (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) isocyanurate,
1,3,5-tris (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) isocyanurate.

［式中、ｖは１〜１０の整数を表し、Ｒ^５１、Ｒ^５２及びＲ^５３は、それぞれ独立に、炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビル基又は炭素原子数が１〜４のヒドロカルビルオキシ基を表し、Ｒ^５１、Ｒ^５２及びＲ^５３の少なくとも１つがヒドロカルビルオキシ基であり、Ｒ^５４は、炭素原子数が１〜１０のヒドロカルビル基又は炭素原子数が１〜１０の置換ヒドロカルビル基を表す。］ Examples of the silicon compound having a group represented by the formula (V) and a group represented by the formula (VI) include a silicon compound represented by the following formula (Va).

[Wherein, v represents an integer of 1 to 10, and R ⁵¹ , R ⁵² and R ⁵³ each independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Wherein at least one of R ⁵¹ , R ⁵² and R ⁵³ is a hydrocarbyloxy group, and R ⁵⁴ represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a substituted hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. ]

V in the formula (Va) represents an integer of 1 to 10. From the standpoint of improving fuel economy and wet grip performance in a well-balanced manner, it is preferably 2 or more, and preferably 4 or less from the viewpoint of improving economy during production. Particularly preferred is 3.

In the formula (Va), examples of the hydrocarbyl group of R ⁵¹ , R ⁵² and R ⁵³ include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group. An alkyl group etc. can be mention | raise | lifted. The hydrocarbyloxy group of R ⁵¹ , R ⁵² and R ^{53 is} an alkoxy group such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, a sec-butoxy group or a t-butoxy group. Can give.

The hydrocarbyl group of R ⁵¹ , R ⁵² and R ⁵³ is preferably an alkyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, still more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group. . Further, the hydrocarbyloxy group of R ⁵¹ , R ⁵² and R ⁵³ is preferably an alkoxy group, more preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a methoxy group or ethoxy group. It is a group.

R ⁵¹ , R ⁵² and R ⁵³ are preferably a hydrocarbyloxy group, more preferably at least two of R ⁵¹ , R ⁵² and R ⁵³ from the viewpoint of improving fuel economy and wet grip performance in a balanced manner. Three of R ⁵¹ , R ⁵² and R ⁵³ are hydrocarbyloxy groups.

^Examples of the hydrocarbyl group of R ⁵⁴ include alkyl groups such as methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, and tert-butyl group.

^Examples of the substituted hydrocarbyl group of R ⁵⁴ include a substituted hydrocarbyl group having as a substituent at least one group selected from the group consisting of a group having a nitrogen atom, a group having an oxygen atom, and a group having a silicon atom. it can. Examples of the group having a group having a nitrogen atom as a substituent include dialkylaminoalkyl groups such as a dimethylaminoethyl group and a diethylaminoethyl group. Examples of the group having a group having an oxygen atom as a substituent include methoxymethyl Group, alkoxyalkyl group such as methoxyethyl group, ethoxymethyl group and ethoxyethyl group; alkylene oxide alkyl group such as glycidyl group and tetrahydrofurfuryl group, and the like having a group having a silicon atom as a substituent. Includes a trialkylsilylalkyl group such as a trimethylsilylmethyl group.
In the present specification, the alkylene oxide alkyl group represents a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group are substituted with an alkylene oxide group.

R ⁵⁴ is preferably an alkylene oxide alkyl group, and more preferably a glycidyl group or a tetrahydrofurfuryl group.

As the compound represented by the formula (Va),
As a compound in which R ⁵⁴ is an alkyl group,
3- (methoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane,
3- (ethoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane,
3- (n-propoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane,
3- (isopropoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane,
3- (n-butoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane,
3- (sec-butoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane,
Mention may be made of 3- (alkoxy) propyltrialkoxysilanes such as 3- (t-butoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane.

As a compound in which R ⁵⁴ is an alkylene oxide alkyl group,
2-glycidoxyethyltrimethoxysilane,
3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane,
2-glycidoxyethyl triethoxysilane,
Glycidoxyalkyltrialkoxysilanes such as 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane;
2-tetrahydrofurfuryloxyethyltrimethoxysilane,
3-tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane,
2-tetrahydrofurfuryloxyethyl triethoxysilane,
Mention may be made of tetrahydrofurfuryloxyalkyltrialkoxysilanes such as 3-tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyltriethoxysilane.

As a compound in which R ⁵⁴ is an alkoxyalkyl group,
3- (methoxymethoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane,
3- (methoxyethoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane,
3- (ethoxymethoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane,
3- (ethoxyethoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane,
3- (methoxymethoxy) propyltriethoxysilane,
3- (methoxyethoxy) propyltriethoxysilane,
3- (ethoxymethoxy) propyltriethoxysilane,
Mention may be made of 3- (alkoxyalkoxy) propyltrialkoxysilanes such as 3- (ethoxyethoxy) propyltriethoxysilane.

The compound represented by the formula (Va) is preferably a compound in which R ⁵⁴ is an alkylene oxide alkyl group, more preferably,
3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane,
3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane,
3-tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane,
3-tetrahydrofurfuryloxypropyltriethoxysilane.

Examples of the silicon compound having a group represented by the formula (IV), a group represented by the formula (V), and a group represented by the formula (VI) include 3-acryloxyalkyltrialkoxysilane and 3-methacryloxyalkyltrialkoxysilane. Can give.

Examples of the 3-acryloxyalkyltrialkoxysilane include 3-acryloxypropyltrialkoxysilane such as 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane.
Examples of the 3-methacryloxyalkyltrialkoxysilane include 3-methacryloxypropyltrialkoxysilane such as 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane.

Examples of the silicon compound having a group represented by the formula (IV), a group represented by the formula (V), and a group represented by the formula (VI) include trialkoxysilylalkyl succinic anhydride and trialkoxysilylalkyl maleic anhydride. Can give.

Examples of trialkoxysilylalkyl succinic anhydrides include 3-trialkoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydrides such as 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride and 3-triethoxysilylpropyl succinic anhydride.
Examples of the trialkoxysilylalkyl maleic anhydride include 3-trialkoxysilylpropyl maleic anhydride such as 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl maleic anhydride and 3-triethoxysilylpropyl maleic anhydride.

(Weight average molecular weight Mw)
The weight average molecular weight Mw of the copolymer is 1.0 × 10 ^{5 to} 2.5 × 10 ⁶ . When Mw is less than 1.0 × 10 ^5, fuel economy tends to be poor, whereas when Mw exceeds 2.5 × 10 ⁶ , workability tends to be deteriorated. The lower limit of Mw is preferably 2.0 × 10 ⁵ or more, more preferably 3.0 × 10 ⁵ or more, and the upper limit is preferably 1.5 × 10 ⁶ or less, more preferably 1.0 × 10 ^6. It is as follows.
In addition, Mw can be adjusted suitably by methods, such as changing the quantity of the polymerization initiator used at the time of superposition | polymerization, and can be measured by the method of the below-mentioned Example.

<Method for producing copolymer>
The copolymer of the present invention in which the start terminal, the main chain and the terminal terminal are modified is obtained by polymerizing the conjugated diene compound and the compound represented by the formula (II) by using the polymerization initiator represented by the formula (I). A terminal modifier (the compound represented by the formula (III) and / or the group represented by the formula (IV) and / or the group represented by the formula (V) It can be produced by reacting a silicon compound having a specific structure, specifically, by the following production method.

(Polymerization method)
There is no restriction | limiting in particular about the polymerization method of the said copolymer, All can use a solution polymerization method, a gas phase polymerization method, and a bulk polymerization method, and a solution polymerization method is preferable from a viewpoint of the ease of handling. Moreover, any of a batch type and a continuous type may be sufficient as the superposition | polymerization form.

When the solution polymerization method is used, the monomer concentration in the solution (the conjugated diene compound, the compound represented by the formula (II), the aromatic vinyl compound, etc.) is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably It is 10 mass% or more. When the monomer concentration in the solution is less than 5% by mass, the amount of the copolymer obtained is small and the cost tends to be high. The monomer concentration in the solution is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less. If the monomer concentration in the solution exceeds 50% by mass, the solution viscosity becomes too high, stirring becomes difficult, and polymerization tends to be difficult.

(Method of anionic polymerization)
There is no restriction | limiting in particular as a method of manufacturing a copolymer by anionic polymerization using the polymerization initiator represented by Formula (I), A conventionally well-known method can be used. Specifically, polymerization is initiated with a polymerization initiator represented by the formula (I) in an organic solvent inert to the reaction, for example, a hydrocarbon solvent such as an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon compound. A conjugated diene compound, a compound represented by the formula (II), and an aromatic vinyl compound, if necessary, may be anionically polymerized in the presence of a randomizer as necessary.
In addition, you may use together other polymerization initiators, such as n-butyl lithium, as needed.

The amount of the polymerization initiator represented by the formula (I) is preferably 0.01 to 15 mmol, more preferably 0.1 to 10 mmol, per 100 g of monomer components used in the polymerization.

(Hydrocarbon solvents in anionic polymerization)
The hydrocarbon solvent is preferably one having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, such as propane, n-butane, isobutane, n-pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, propene, 1-butene, isobutene, trans- Examples include 2-butene, cis-2-butene, 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 1-hexene, 2-hexene, benzene, toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene.

(Randomizer in anionic polymerization)
The randomizer is a microstructure control of a conjugated diene moiety in a copolymer (for example, an increase in 1,2-bonds in butadiene, etc.) and a control of the composition distribution of monomer units in the copolymer (for example, It is a compound having an action such as a butadiene unit, randomization of a styrene unit, etc. in a butadiene-styrene copolymer. The randomizer is not particularly limited, and any known compound generally used as a conventional randomizer can be used. For example, dimethoxybenzene, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, bistetrahydrofurylpropane, triethylamine, pyridine, N-methylmorpholine, N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, 1,2-di Examples include ethers such as piperidinoethane and tertiary amines. Further, potassium salts such as potassium-t-amylate and potassium-t-butoxide, and sodium salts such as sodium-t-amylate can also be used.

The amount of randomizer used varies depending on the type of randomizer used, but is preferably 0.01 molar equivalents or more, more preferably 0.05 molar equivalents or more per mole of the polymerization initiator. If the amount of randomizer used is less than 0.01 molar equivalent, the effect of addition tends to be small and it tends to be difficult to randomize. The amount of randomizer used is preferably 1000 molar equivalents or less, more preferably 500 molar equivalents or less per mole of the polymerization initiator. When the amount of the randomizer used exceeds 1000 molar equivalents, the monomer reaction rate changes greatly, and conversely, it tends to be difficult to randomize.

Examples of the modification method using a terminal modifier include a method of synthesizing a copolymer in which the starting terminal and the main chain have been modified by anionic polymerization, and then bringing the copolymer into contact with a terminal modifier. The anion at the end reacts with the functional group of the end modifier. As a result, a copolymer having a modified starting end, main chain and terminating end is obtained. The amount of the terminal modifier to be reacted is usually 0.01 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the copolymer.

In the present invention, after performing the modification reaction with the terminal modifier, a known anti-aging agent or alcohol may be added as necessary to stop the polymerization reaction.

<Rubber composition>
(Rubber component)
The above copolymer can be used as a rubber component of a rubber composition. The content of the copolymer in 100% by mass of the rubber component is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 40% by mass or more. If it is less than 5% by mass, there is a tendency that it is difficult to obtain an effect of improving fuel efficiency and wet grip performance. Further, the content of the copolymer is preferably 90% by mass or less, more preferably 70% by mass or less. When it exceeds 90 mass%, it tends to be expensive.

The above copolymer may be used in combination with other rubber components. As another rubber component, it is preferable to use a diene rubber. As the diene rubber, natural rubber (NR) and diene synthetic rubber can be used. Examples of the diene synthetic rubber include isoprene rubber (IR), butadiene rubber (BR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber. (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), butyl rubber (IIR) and the like. Of these, NR, BR, and SBR are preferable because they exhibit a good balance between low fuel consumption and wet grip performance. These rubber components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

When the rubber composition of the present invention contains NR, the content of NR in 100% by mass of the rubber component is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 15% by mass or more, and preferably 35% by mass. Hereinafter, it is more preferably 25% by mass or less. Within the above range, low fuel consumption and wet grip performance can be obtained in a well-balanced manner.

When the rubber composition of the present invention contains BR, the content of BR in 100% by mass of the rubber component is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and further preferably 10% by mass or more. Moreover, it is preferably 35% by mass or less, more preferably 25% by mass or less. Within the above range, low fuel consumption and wet grip performance can be obtained in a well-balanced manner.

When the rubber composition of the present invention contains SBR, the content of SBR in 100% by mass of the rubber component is preferably 35% by mass or more, more preferably 45% by mass or more, and preferably 85% by mass. Hereinafter, it is more preferably 75% by mass or less, and still more preferably 65% by mass or less. Within the above range, low fuel consumption and wet grip performance can be obtained in a well-balanced manner.

(silica)
The rubber composition of the present invention preferably contains silica as a reinforcing agent. Dispersion of silica is promoted by the copolymer, and the effect of improving fuel economy and wet grip performance can be enhanced. Silica that can be used is not particularly limited, and those commonly used in the tire industry can be used. Silica may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The nitrogen adsorption specific surface area _(N 2 SA) of silica is preferably ^{50 m} 2 / g or more, more preferably ^{80 m} 2 / g or more, more preferably 150 meters ² / g or more, preferably 300 meters ² / g Hereinafter, more preferably 250 m ² / g or less, and still more preferably 200 m ² / g or less. Silica having a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of less than 50 m ² / g has a small reinforcing effect and tends to decrease the wear resistance, and silica exceeding 300 m ² / g has poor dispersibility, increases hysteresis loss, and has low fuel consumption. Tends to decrease.
The _N 2 SA of silica is a value determined by the BET method in accordance with ASTM D3037-93.

The content of silica is preferably 5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 10 parts by mass or more, still more preferably 50 parts by mass or more, and preferably 150 parts by mass or less, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. Preferably it is 100 mass parts or less. If the silica content is less than 5 parts by mass, the wear resistance tends to be insufficient. On the other hand, if the silica content exceeds 150 parts by mass, the silica is difficult to disperse, and the workability and fuel efficiency are low. There is a tendency to get worse.

(Silane coupling agent)
In the present invention, it is preferable to use a silane coupling agent together with silica. The silane coupling agent is not particularly limited, and those conventionally used in the tire field can be used. For example, sulfide-based, mercapto-based, vinyl-based, amino-based, glycidoxy-based, nitro-based, chloro-based silane coupling Agents and the like. Among them, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis (2-triethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide, bis (2-triethoxysilylethyl) disulfide, etc. A sulfide system can be preferably used.
Bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide and 3-trimethoxysilylpropylbenzothiazolyl tetrasulfide are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of reinforcing effect. These silane coupling agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The content of the silane coupling agent is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 2 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of silica. When the content of the silane coupling agent is less than 1 part by mass, the viscosity of the unvulcanized rubber composition tends to be high, and the processability tends to deteriorate. Further, the content of the silane coupling agent is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 15 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of silica. When the content of the silane coupling agent exceeds 20 parts by mass, the blending effect of the silane coupling agent as much as the content cannot be obtained, and the cost tends to be high.

(Carbon black)
The rubber composition of the present invention preferably contains carbon black. Carbon black that can be used is not particularly limited, and those that are common in the tire industry can be used. Moreover, carbon black may be used independently and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.

The nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N ₂ SA) of carbon black is preferably 30 m ² / g or more, more preferably 70 m ² / g or more, preferably 250 m ² / g or less, more preferably 150 m ² / g or less. It is. Moreover, the dibutyl phthalate (DBP) absorption amount of carbon black is preferably 5 ml / 100 g or more, more preferably 80 ml / 100 g or more, preferably 300 ml / 100 g or less, more preferably 180 ml / 100 g or less. If the N ₂ SA or DBP absorption amount of the carbon black is less than the lower limit of the above range, the reinforcing effect tends to be small and the wear resistance tends to decrease. If the upper limit of the above range is exceeded, dispersibility is poor and hysteresis loss increases. There is a tendency for fuel efficiency to decrease. The nitrogen adsorption specific surface area is measured according to ASTM D4820-93, and the DBP absorption is measured according to ASTM D2414-93.

The content of carbon black is preferably 1 part by mass or more, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. If the amount is less than 1 part by mass, sufficient reinforcement may not be obtained. The content of carbon black is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, more preferably 30 parts by mass or less, and still more preferably 10 parts by mass or less. If it exceeds 50 parts by mass, the fuel efficiency tends to deteriorate.

(Anti-aging agent)
The rubber composition of the present invention can contain an anti-aging agent. As the anti-aging agent, amine-based, phenol-based, and imidazole-based compounds, carbamic acid metal salts, waxes, and the like can be appropriately selected and used.

(Softener)
The rubber composition of the present invention can contain a softening agent. Examples of the softener include petroleum softeners, fatty oil softeners, fatty acids and the like. The content of the softening agent is preferably 100 parts by mass or less, more preferably 30 parts by mass or less, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component because there is little risk of reducing wet grip performance. Moreover, Preferably it is 10 mass parts or more.

(Vulcanizing agent)
The rubber composition of the present invention can contain a vulcanizing agent. As the vulcanizing agent, an organic peroxide, a sulfur vulcanizing agent, or the like can be used. Of these, a sulfur-based vulcanizing agent is preferable and sulfur is more preferable from the viewpoint that the effects of the present invention can be obtained satisfactorily.

(Vulcanization accelerator)
The rubber composition of the present invention can contain a vulcanization accelerator. Examples of the vulcanization accelerator include sulfenamide, thiazole, thiuram, thiourea, guanidine, dithiocarbamic acid, aldehyde-amine, aldehyde-ammonia, imidazoline, and xanthate vulcanization accelerators. Is mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

(Vulcanization aid)
The rubber composition of the present invention can contain a vulcanization aid. As the vulcanization aid, stearic acid, zinc oxide (zinc white) or the like can be used.

(Other ingredients)
The rubber composition of the present invention is blended with various reinforcing agents, various oils, plasticizers, waxes, coupling agents, various compounding agents and additives blended for tires or general rubber compositions. Can do. Moreover, the content of these compounding agents and additives can also be set to general amounts.

<Method for producing rubber composition>
The rubber composition of the present invention can be produced by a conventionally known production method, and the production method is not limited. For example, it can be produced by kneading each of the above components using a kneading machine such as a Banbury mixer or a kneading roll under ordinary methods and conditions.

By using the rubber composition of the present invention thus obtained, a pneumatic tire having improved fuel economy and wet grip performance in a well-balanced manner can be obtained. The rubber composition can be used for each member of a tire, and in particular, can be suitably used for a tread, a sidewall, and the like.

<Pneumatic tire>
The pneumatic tire of the present invention is produced by a usual method using the rubber composition. That is, by extruding a rubber composition containing the above components in accordance with the shape of a tread or the like at an unvulcanized stage, and molding it with a tire molding machine by a normal method along with other tire members, Form an unvulcanized tire. The unvulcanized tire is heated and pressurized in a vulcanizer to obtain a pneumatic tire.

The present invention will be specifically described based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

ｎ−ブチルリチウム：関東化学（株）製の１．６Ｍ ｎ−ブチルリチウムヘキサン溶液
変性剤Ａ−１：アヅマックス社製の３−（Ｎ，Ｎ−ジメチルアミノ）プロピルトリメトキシシラン
変性剤Ａ−２：アヅマックス社製の３−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン
変性剤Ａ−３：信越化学工業（株）社製の１，３，５−トリス（３−トリメトキシシリルプロピル）イソシアヌレート
変性剤Ａ−４：信越化学工業（株）社製のＮ−（３−ジエトキシメチルシリルプロピル）スクシンイミド
２，６−ｔｅｒｔ−ブチル−ｐ−クレゾール：大内新興化学工業（株）製のノクラック２００ Hereinafter, various chemicals used at the time of synthesis and polymerization will be described together. In addition, the chemical | medical agent refine | purified according to the usual method as needed.
Tetrahydrofuran: dimethyldichlorosilane manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd .: KA-22 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.
(4-vinylphenyl) magnesium bromide: tert-butoxy potassium manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd .: isopropyl alcohol manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd .: triethylamine manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd .: n-pentane manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd .: Kanto Chemical Magnesium manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. 4-bromostyrene: Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. n-hexane: Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. Styrene: Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. 1,3-butadiene: Tokyo Chemical Industry Tetramethylethylenediamine manufactured by: AI-200CE2 manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd .: AI-200CE2 manufactured by FMC (3- (N, N-dimethylamino) -1-propyllithium has 2 units of structural units derived from isoprene. Compound (compound represented by the following formula)) (0.9M)

n-butyllithium: 1.6M n-butyllithium hexane solution modifier A-1 manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd .: 3- (N, N-dimethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane modifier A-2 manufactured by Amax Co. : 3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane modifier A-3 manufactured by Amax Co., Ltd .: 1,3,5-tris (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) isocyanurate modifier A- manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. 4: N- (3-diethoxymethylsilylpropyl) succinimide 2,6-tert-butyl-p-cresol manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd .: NOCRACK 200 manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.

<Synthesis of Compound Represented by Formula (II)>
(Alkoxysilylstyrene (1))
Tetrahydrofuran (hereinafter also referred to as THF) (180 mL) and dimethyldichlorosilane (460 mmol) were added to a three-necked flask sufficiently purged with nitrogen, and (4-vinylphenyl) magnesium bromide (510 mmol) was added dropwise at 0 ° C. over 1 hour. A solution of potassium butoxy (460 mmol) / THF (360 mL) was added dropwise over 1 hour. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the resultant was purified by distillation to obtain alkoxysilylstyrene (1) (tert-butoxydimethylsilylstyrene (C ₁₄ H ₂₂ OSi)). Table 1 shows the results of ¹ H-NMR measurement of the alkoxysilylstyrene (1).

(Alkoxysilylstyrene (2))
150 ml of n-pentane and 180 mmol of dimethyldichlorosilane were added to a three-necked flask sufficiently purged with nitrogen, and a toluene solution of isopropyl alcohol (180 mmol) / triethylamine (180 mmol) was added dropwise at 0 ° C. over 1 hour. Furthermore, after stirring at room temperature for 2 hours, isopropoxydimethylsilyl chloride was obtained by distillation purification. Next, 690 mmol of magnesium and 120 mL of THF were added to a three-necked flask sufficiently purged with nitrogen, and 510 mmol of 4-bromostyrene was added dropwise at 0 ° C. over 1 hour to obtain (4-vinylphenyl) magnesium bromide.
Then, 50 mL of dehydrated THF and 70 mmol of isopropoxydimethylsilyl chloride were added to a three-necked flask thoroughly purged with nitrogen, and (4-vinylphenyl) magnesium bromide (70 mmol) / THF solution (100 mL) prepared in advance was added for 1 hour. And dripped. After stirring overnight at room temperature, the residue was purified by distillation to obtain alkoxysilylstyrene (2) (isopropoxydimethylsilylstyrene (C ₁₃ H ₂₀ OSi)). Table 2 shows the ¹ H-NMR measurement results of the alkoxysilylstyrene (2).

<Analysis of copolymer>
The copolymer obtained as described below was analyzed by the following method.

(Measurement of weight average molecular weight Mw)
The weight average molecular weight Mw of the copolymer is a gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) (GPC-8000 series manufactured by Tosoh Corp., detector: differential refractometer, column: TSKGEL SUPERMULTIPORE HZ-M manufactured by Tosoh Corp.) It calculated | required by standard polystyrene conversion based on the measured value by.

(Structural identification of copolymer)
The structure of the copolymer was identified using a JNM-ECA series device manufactured by JEOL Ltd. From the measurement results, the contents of styrene, 1,3-butadiene and compounds represented by formula (II) (alkoxysilylstyrene (1), (2)) in the copolymer were calculated.

<Synthesis of copolymer>
(Copolymer (1))
To a heat-resistant container sufficiently purged with nitrogen, 1500 ml of n-hexane, 100 mmol of styrene, 800 mmol of 1,3-butadiene, 5 mmol of alkoxysilylstyrene (1), 0.2 mmol of tetramethylethylenediamine, 0.12 mmol of AI-200CE2 were added, and 0 ° C. For 48 hours. Thereafter, 0.15 mmol of modifier A-1 was added and stirred at 0 ° C. for 15 minutes. Thereafter, alcohol was added to stop the reaction, 1 g of 2,6-tert-butyl-p-cresol was added to the reaction solution, and then copolymer (1) was obtained by reprecipitation purification. The resulting copolymer (1) has a weight average molecular weight of 520,000, an alkoxysilylstyrene (1) content (alkoxysilylstyrene (1) component content) of 2.0% by mass, and a styrene content (styrene). The component content was 21% by mass.

(Copolymer (2) to (15))
Synthesis was performed in the same manner as for copolymer (1) using the recipe in Table 3. Table 3 shows the properties of the obtained copolymers (1) to (15).

Below, various chemical | medical agents used by the Example and the comparative example are demonstrated.
NR: RSS # 3
BR: Ubepol BR150B manufactured by Ube Industries, Ltd.
SBR: SL574 manufactured by JSR Corporation
Copolymers (1) to (15): Synthetic silica by the above method: Ultrasil VN3 (N ₂ SA: 175 m ² / g) manufactured by Degussa
Silane coupling agent: Si69 (bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide) manufactured by Degussa
Carbon black: Dia Black N339 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation (N ₂ SA: 96 m ² / g, DBP absorption: 124 ml / 100 g)
Oil: X-140 manufactured by Japan Energy Co., Ltd.
Anti-aging agent: NOCRACK 6C (N-1,3-dimethylbutyl-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine) manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.
Stearic acid: Zinc stearate manufactured by NOF Corporation: Zinc Hana No. 1 manufactured by Mitsui Kinzoku Mining Co., Ltd. Wax: Sunnock N manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.
Sulfur: Powder sulfur vulcanization accelerator manufactured by Tsurumi Chemical Co., Ltd. (1): Noxeller CZ manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
Vulcanization accelerator (2): Noxeller D manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

(Examples and Comparative Examples)
In accordance with the formulation shown in Table 4, materials other than sulfur and a vulcanization accelerator were kneaded for 5 minutes at 150 ° C. using a 1.7 L Banbury mixer manufactured by Kobe Steel Co., Ltd. Obtained. Next, sulfur and a vulcanization accelerator were added to the obtained kneaded product, and kneaded for 5 minutes under the condition of 80 ° C. using an open roll to obtain an unvulcanized rubber composition. The obtained unvulcanized rubber composition was press vulcanized at 170 ° C. for 15 minutes to obtain a vulcanized rubber composition.
Further, the obtained unvulcanized rubber composition is molded into a tread shape and bonded together with other tire members on a tire molding machine to form an unvulcanized tire, which is vulcanized at 170 ° C. for 10 minutes, and tested. Tires (size: 195 / 65R15) were manufactured.
The obtained vulcanized rubber composition and the test tire were evaluated by the following test methods.

(Low fuel consumption)
Using a spectrometer manufactured by Ueshima Seisakusho, tan δ was measured at a dynamic strain amplitude of 1%, a frequency of 10 Hz, and a temperature of 50 ° C. And the measurement result was displayed as an index according to the following formula. The larger the index, the lower the rolling resistance and the better the fuel efficiency.
(Low fuel consumption index) = (tan δ of Comparative Example 1) / (tan δ of each formulation) × 100

(Wet grip performance (1))
Wet grip performance was evaluated using a flat belt friction tester (FR5010 type) manufactured by Ueshima Seisakusho. A cylindrical rubber test piece having a width of 20 mm and a diameter of 100 mm made of the above vulcanized rubber composition was used as a sample, and the slip ratio of the sample with respect to the road surface was 0 to 0 at a speed of 20 km / hour, a load of 4 kgf, and a road surface temperature of 20 ° C. The maximum value of the friction coefficient detected at that time was read up to 70%. And the measurement result was displayed as an index according to the following formula. A larger index indicates better wet grip performance.
(Wet grip performance (1) index) = (maximum friction coefficient of each formulation) / (maximum friction coefficient of Comparative Example 1) × 100

(Wet grip performance (2))
On a test course with wet water and wet road surface, the test tire is mounted on a 2000 cc domestic FR vehicle, braked at a speed of 70 km / h, and the distance traveled between braking the tire and stopping (Brake distance) was measured. And the measurement result was displayed as an index according to the following formula. A larger index indicates better wet grip performance.
(Wet grip performance (2) index) = (braking distance of comparative example 1) / (braking distance of each formulation) × 100

Weight average molecular weight obtained by reacting a compound having a specific functional group with the active terminal of a copolymer obtained by polymerizing a conjugated diene compound and a specific compound using a polymerization initiator having a specific functional group In Examples using a copolymer having Mw within a specific range, the fuel economy and wet grip performance were improved in a well-balanced manner.

Claims (11)

Has a monomer unit based on a compound represented by the monomer units and the following formula based on the Conjugate diene compound (II),
The polymerization initiator represented by the following formula (I) modifies the starting terminal , and the compound represented by the following formula (III) and / or the group represented by the following formula (IV) and / or the following formula (V ) Is terminated with a silicon compound having a group represented by:
A copolymer having a weight average molecular weight Mw of 1.0 × 10 ^{5 to} 2.5 × 10 ⁶ .

[Wherein, d is 0 or 1, R ¹ represents a hydrocarbylene group having 1 to 100 carbon atoms, and R ² and R ³ represent a hydrocarbyl group which may have a substituent, or tri A hydrocarbylsilyl group, or R ² and R ³ may be bonded to each other and have at least one atom selected from the group consisting of a silicon atom, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom as a heteroatom. Represents a good hydrocarbylene group, and M represents an alkali metal atom. ]

[Wherein R ¹¹ , R ¹² and R ¹³ represent a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and may be the same or different. ]

[Wherein, p represents an integer of 1 to 10, and R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ each independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Wherein at least one of R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ is a hydrocarbyloxy group, and A ¹ represents an amino group which may have a substituent . ]

The copolymer according to claim 1, wherein R ¹ in the formula (I) is a group represented by the following formula (Ia).

[Wherein R ⁴ represents a hydrocarbylene group composed of a structural unit derived from a conjugated diene compound and / or a structural unit derived from an aromatic vinyl compound, and n represents an integer of 1 to 10. ] The copolymer according to claim 2, wherein R ⁴ in the formula (Ia) is a hydrocarbylene group composed of 1 to 10 structural units derived from isoprene. Silicon compound having a group represented by the formula group and / or the formula represented by (IV) (V) is, to any one of claims 1 to 3, having a group represented by the following formula (VI) The copolymer described.

^Wherein, R ^{31, R 32} and ^{R 33} are each independently, a hydrocarbyl group or a number of carbon atoms of 1 to 4 carbon atoms represents hydrocarbyloxy group having from 1 to ^4, R ^{31, R 32} and R ^At least one of ³³ is a hydrocarbyloxy group. ] Silicon compound having a group represented by the formula group and / or the formula represented by (IV) (V) is, according to claim 1-4 which is a silicon compound having a group represented by the following formula (IVa) The copolymer in any one of.

[Wherein, h represents an integer of 1 to 10, and R ³⁴ , R ³⁵ and R ³⁶ each independently represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyloxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. And at least one of R ³⁴ , R ³⁵ and R ³⁶ is a hydrocarbyloxy group. ] The copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the content of the monomer unit based on the compound represented by the formula (II) in the copolymer is 0.05 to 35% by mass. The copolymer has a monomer unit based on styrene together with a monomer unit based on the conjugated diene compound and a monomer unit based on the compound represented by the formula (II),
The copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein a content of the monomer unit based on the styrene in the copolymer is 0.1 to 55% by mass. In 100% by mass of the rubber component, the rubber composition comprising the copolymer according 5 mass% or more to any one of claims 1-7. The rubber composition according to claim 8, comprising 5 to 150 parts by mass of silica with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. The rubber composition according to claim 8 or 9, which is used as a rubber composition for tires. A pneumatic tire produced using the rubber composition according to any of claims 8-10.