JP5964540B2 - Mvaを使ってがんを処置する方法 - Google Patents
Mvaを使ってがんを処置する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5964540B2 JP5964540B2 JP2009531472A JP2009531472A JP5964540B2 JP 5964540 B2 JP5964540 B2 JP 5964540B2 JP 2009531472 A JP2009531472 A JP 2009531472A JP 2009531472 A JP2009531472 A JP 2009531472A JP 5964540 B2 JP5964540 B2 JP 5964540B2
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Description
一定の実施形態では、細胞関連ポリペプチド抗原に対する免疫応答を、対象内で生じさせる。そのような実施形態のいくつかでは、細胞関連ポリペプチド抗原が腫瘍関連抗原である。
一定の実施形態において、細胞関連ポリペプチド抗原は、APCの表面にMHCクラスI分子と会合して提示された場合に、ポリペプチド抗原に由来するエピトープをその表面に提示する細胞に対するCTL応答が誘導されるように修飾される。そのような実施形態のいくつかでは、少なくとも一つの第1外来性THエピトープが、提示される際に、APCの表面でMHCクラスII分子と会合する。そのような実施形態のいくつかでは、細胞関連抗原が腫瘍関連抗原である。
さまざまな修飾HER-2ポリペプチド抗原と、それを製造するための方法が、参照により本明細書に組み入れられる米国特許第7,005,498号ならびに米国特許出願公開第2004/0141958号および同第2006/0008465号に記載されている。これらの文書には、HER-2ポリペプチド中の異なる位置にプロミスカスT細胞エピトープを含むさまざまな修飾HER-2ポリペプチド抗原が記載されている。
1.既知および予想CTLエピトープ;
2.関連受容体(特にEGFR)に対する相同性;
3.システイン残基の保存;
4.予想されるループ、α-ヘリックスおよびβ-シート構造;
5.潜在的N-糖鎖付加部位;
6.露出および埋没アミノ酸残基の予想;
7.ドメイン構成。
限定でない一実施形態では、腫瘍関連抗原を含む組換えMVA、例えばMVA-BN-mHER2が、以下のように構築される。複製を許容する細胞タイプ、例えばCEF細胞を使って、細胞培養での組換えによって、最初のウイルスストックを作製する。細胞に、弱毒化ワクシニアウイルス、例えばMVA-BNを接種すると共に、腫瘍関連抗原(例えばmHER2)配列とウイルスゲノムの隣接領域とをコードする組換えプラスミド(例えばpBN146)をトランスフェクトする。限定でない一実施形態では、プラスミドpBN146が、MVA-BN中にも存在する配列(14Lおよび15Lオープンリーディングフレーム)を含有する。mHER2配列は、MVA-BNウイルスゲノムへの組換えが可能になるように、そのMVA-BN配列の間に挿入される。一定の実施形態では、プラスミドが、CEF細胞における組換えコンストラクトの選択が可能なように、1つまたはそれ以上の選択遺伝子を含む選択カセットも含有する。好ましい一実施形態では、組換えMVAが配列番号2を含むポリペプチドをコードする。
細胞毒性剤は、ワクチン効力にとって有益であるだろう免疫調整活性を、サブ殺腫瘍量で示す。しかし、殺腫瘍量(高用量)では、これらの薬剤はワクチン活性にとって有害になりうる。MVA-BN-mHER2処置の過程でマウスに投与されたヒト等価殺腫瘍量のドセタキセルは、ワクチンが誘導する抗HER-2抗体価に影響を及ぼさないことが、ここに証明された。そのうえ、MVA-BN-mHER2によるマウスの処置は、インビボでドセタキセルに対する腫瘍の感受性を増加させた。したがって、MVA-BN-mHER2処置と同時に、またはMVA-BN-mHER2処置に先だって、またはMVA-BN-mHER2処置の後に行われる化学療法は、どちらか一方の処置だけよりも優れている可能性がある。
MVA-BN-mHER2の構築および感染細胞におけるタンパク質発現の解析
培養物の同時の感染およびトランスフェクションにより、ウイルスゲノムと組換えプラスミドの間で、相同組換えを起こさせた。インサートを保持するウイルスを単離し、特徴づけ、ウイルスストックを調製した。
ATIプロモーター−mHER2配列−Psプロモーター−gpt−IRES−EGFP。このインサート領域が、細菌組換えプラスミドpBN146中のMVA-BN I4L遺伝子間領域配列(F1およびF2)で挟まれた。このコンストラクトのヌクレオチド配列を以下に示す。
HER2開始および停止コドンを太字で示す。隣接配列を斜体で示す。
p2およびp30配列の破傷風毒素エピトープを太字で示す。
MVA-BN-mHER2で処置されたマウスにおける抗HER-2免疫応答の誘導
MVA-BN-mHER2による処置後に起こる抗HER-2免疫応答の誘導を、免疫学的バックグラウンドまたはハプロタイプが異なる2つのマウス系統BALB/cおよびC57BL/6マウスの両方で評価した。MVA-BN-mHER2による処置後に起こる抗HER-2免疫応答の誘導を、トランスジェニックHER-2マウス系統BALB/c NeuTマウスでも評価した。これらの研究では、2E6〜5E7 TCID50の範囲にわたるさまざまな用量のMVA-BN-mHER2を、以下に詳述するように評価した。以下に述べるように、各処置の前日ならびに処置中および処置後のさまざまな時点で、血液試料を収集した。体液性応答(抗HER-2 IgGの産生)をELISAアッセイによって解析した。最終処置後に脾細胞を集め、細胞性応答をELISpotで解析した。これらの研究を実施例3で説明する。
BALB/c、C57BL/6、およびBALB/c NeuTマウスに、対照溶液(トリス緩衝食塩水(TBS))、または2E6、1E7、もしくは5E7 TCID50のMVA-BN-mHER2を、1日目、15日目および29日目に皮下注射した。これらの試験処置群はそれぞれ5匹とした。0日目、14日目、28日目、42日目および56日目に、血液試料を集めた。各試験群の5匹の動物のそれぞれから得た血清をプールし、ELISAアッセイを使って抗HER-2 IgGの存在について分析した。
MVA-BN-mHER2処置マウスの血清を、上述の手法を使って、同様にELISAで評価した。HER-2、HER-3、およびHER-4 ecd-Fcキメラタンパク質を、微量滴定プレートのウェルにコーティングされる抗原として使用した。モノクローナル抗HER-2抗体(HER-2 Ab;AB-5、Calbiochem)、モノクローナル抗ヒトIg Fcフラグメント抗体(Fc Ab;Southern Biotech)、またはモノクローナルアイソタイプ対照抗体(Contr Ab)を使って抗原を検出した。結果を図3に示す。図3AはELISA対照を示し、モノクローナル抗HER-2抗体がHER-2 ecd-Fc被覆ウェルだけと特異的に反応するのに対して、モノクローナル抗ヒトIg Fcフラグメント抗体は3つのキメラタンパク質の全てと反応する。図3Bおよび3Cは、MVA-BN-mHER2で処置されたC57BL/6マウスとBALB/cマウスのどちらにおいても、血清がHER-2 ecd-Fcキメラだけを検出したことを示している。これらのデータは、どちらのマウス系統でも、MVA-BN-mHER2処置後に誘導される抗体応答は、HER-2に対して高度に特異的であり、上皮成長因子受容体ファミリーの他の一定のメンバー、例えばHER-3およびHER-4とは、交差反応しないことを示している。
抗HER-2 T細胞応答の誘導
BALB/cマウスおよびC57BL/6マウス(各群5匹)に、対照(TBS)または1E7 TCID50のMVA-BN-mHER2を、1日目、15日目、29日目、および43日目に皮下注射した。48日目に動物から脾臓を収集し、各試験群から得た細胞懸濁液を分析用にプールした。インビトロ抗原特異的再刺激後のIFNγ産生を測定するELISpotアッセイによって、T細胞応答の誘導を評価した。再刺激には、HER-2 ecd、MHCクラスI HER-2ペプチド、およびmHER2配列に含まれる破傷風毒素由来の2つのMHCクラスII Tヘルパーペプチドを、個別に使用した。クラスI HER-2ペプチドはアミノ酸配列TYLPTNASL(配列番号3)を持った。MHCクラスII Tヘルパー破傷風毒素ペプチドP2はアミノ酸配列QYIKANSKFIGITEL(配列番号4)(図4ではTTp2と表記)を持ち、MHCクラスII Tヘルパー破傷風毒素ペプチドP30はアミノ酸配列FNNFTVSFWLRVPKVSASHLE(配列番号5)(図4ではTTp30と表記)を持った。
MVA-BN-mHER2処置マウスにおけるTh1免疫調整
上記実施例のデータは、MVA-BNが、強い免疫原性をも示す効率のよい導入遺伝子送達ビヒクルであることを示している。MVAが、痘瘡からの防御を付与するTh1適応免疫応答をトリガーし(Earlら, 2004;Wyattら, 2004)、先天免疫応答も誘導すること(Brutkiewiczら, 1992;Dokunら, 2001)は、以前に報告されている。したがって、MVA-BNの固有の免疫特性は、導入遺伝子に対する免疫応答を調整するのに、潜在的に役立ちうる。
MVA-BN-mHER2で処置されたマウスにおける抗腫瘍活性
予防的処置
予防的状況において腫瘍成長を防止するというMVA-BN-mHER2の能力を、マウスにおける乳がんモデルとして、移植されたTUBO細胞を使って評価した。TUBO細胞は、トランスフォーミングラットHER-2(HER-2/neu)がん遺伝子が導入されたトランスジェニックBALB/cマウスで発生した乳腺癌に由来する(Roveroら, J. Immunol. 165, 5133-5142(2000))。HER-2配列はラットとヒトの間で高度に保存されているので、HER-2のラットまたはヒトホモログのどちらか一方を含むワクチンの効力を評価するために、TUBO細胞は日常的に使用される(Dela Cruzら, Vaccine 23, 4793-4803 (2005))。
定着腫瘍を抑制するMVA-BN-mHER2の能力を、ヒトHER-2を安定して発現させるCT26細胞を用いる実験的肺転移モデルで評価した。CT26は、BALB/cマウスの化学的に誘導された結腸直腸癌である(Brattainら, 1980)。このモデルでは、CT26-HER-2細胞がBALB/cマウスに静脈内注射され、腫瘍小結節が成長する肺における腫瘍量が評価される。
先天免疫をトリガーすることによってMVA-BN-mHER2の抗腫瘍活性に寄与するMVA-BNの能力を、上述のCT26腫瘍モデルで評価した。この実験では、腫瘍チャレンジの日に(この時点で腫瘍量は少ない)、MVA-BN(5E6もしくは5E7 TCID50)またはMVA-BN-mHER2(5E6もしくは5E7 TCID50)のどちらか一方で、マウスを処置した。チャレンジされたマウスの肺において、上述のように腫瘍量を評価した。結果を図7に示す。これらの結果は、MVA-BN(5E7 TCID50)を使った処置による腫瘍成長阻害(TGI)が>70%であったこと(p<0.0001)を示している。MVA-BN(5E6 TCID50)による処置は5E7 TCID50による処置ほど効率がよくなかった(32%TGI;p=0.002)ので、MVA-BNの抗腫瘍活性は用量依存的だった。対照的に、MVA-BN-mHER2(5E6または5E7 TCID50のどちらか一方)で処置したマウスは、類似する防御を示した(>70%TGI;p<0.000001)。
細胞毒性剤との併用療法
C57BL/6マウスに、対照(トリス緩衝食塩水(TBS);5匹のI群)または5E7 TCID50のMVA-BN-mHER2(5匹ずつの9群)による皮下処置を、1日目、22日目および43日目(3週毎×3)に行った。化学療法剤ドセタキセルが抗HER-2抗体誘導に及ぼす影響を、MVA-BN-mHER2処置の1週間前(-7日目)または2日前(-2日目)に殺腫瘍量(33mg/Kg)の薬物で動物を処置することによって評価した。薬物を、1回、2回(3週毎×2)、3回(3週毎×3)または4回(3週毎×4)、iv注射した。動物群の配置、投与レジメンおよびスケジュールを、表2に要約する。
エピトープ/抗原拡大(epitope/antigen spreading)
エピトープ/抗原拡大は、瀕死の腫瘍細胞からのエピトープ/抗原の露出によってトリガーされる免疫応答の誘導によってもたらされる。ワクチンが誘導するエピトープ/抗原拡大は、最大限の抗腫瘍活性にとって著しく有利である。HER-2+腫瘍に対して保護されたマウスは、HER-2を発現させない親腫瘍による2回目のチャレンジに抵抗するので、MVA-BN-mHER2処置はエピトープ/抗原拡大をもたらすことが見出された。したがって、MVA-BN-mHER2は、HER-2以外の腫瘍抗原にも拡大することができる幅広い防御免疫応答のトリガリング(これは、不均一な腫瘍を処置し、腫瘍エスケープを防止するための前提条件である)を可能にする。
NeuTマウスにおける自然発生腫瘍
異種HER-2(例えばヒトHER-2)で処置されたラットHER-2/neuを発現させるトランスジェニックマウス(NeuTマウス)において生じる自然発生腫瘍を遅延させるには、高力価かつ広スペクトルの抗体が要求される。裸のDNAのような異種HER-2のワクチン製剤はこのモデルにおける腫瘍成長を遅延させることができなかったが、ウイルスに基づく製剤は抗腫瘍活性を示した。MVA-BN-mHER2は、処置を腫瘍発生の後期に開始した場合でさえ、NeuTにおける自然発生腫瘍成長を遅延させることが見出された。したがってMVA-BNは抗腫瘍活性を誘導するための優れた抗原製剤を与える。
Claims (19)
- 殺腫瘍量のタキサンとの併用療法のための、HER−2抗原を含むポリペプチドをコードする遺伝子を含む組換え改変ワクシニアアンカラ(MVA)を含有し、タキサンがドセタキセルである、ヒトがん患者を処置するための医薬組成物。
- MVAが、European Collection of Cell Cultures(ECACC)に番号V00083008として寄託された改変ワクシニアアンカラバーバリアンノルディック(MVA−BN)である、請求項1の医薬組成物。
- HER−2抗原を含む前記ポリペプチドが配列番号2を含む、請求項2の医薬組成物。
- 組換えMVAが殺腫瘍量のタキサンに先だって投与されるように用いられることを特徴とする、請求項1の医薬組成物。
- 組換えMVAが殺腫瘍量のタキサンと同時に投与されるように用いられることを特徴とする、請求項1の医薬組成物。
- 組換えMVAが殺腫瘍量のタキサン後に投与されるように用いられることを特徴とする、請求項1の医薬組成物。
- タキサンが用量75〜100mg/m 2 である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一つの医薬組成物。
- 組換えMVAが殺腫瘍量のタキサンの1〜26週間前に投与されるように用いられることを特徴とする、請求項4の医薬組成物。
- 組換えMVAが殺腫瘍量のタキサンの1〜3週間前に投与されるように用いられることを特徴とする、請求項4の医薬組成物。
- 組換えMVAが殺腫瘍量のタキサンの2〜60日後に投与されるように用いられることを特徴とする、請求項6の医薬組成物。
- 組換えMVAが殺腫瘍量のタキサンの2〜7日後に投与されるように用いられることを特徴とする、請求項6の医薬組成物。
- HER−2抗原を含むポリペプチドをコードする遺伝子を含む組換えMVAと殺腫瘍量のタキサンとを含有し、タキサンがドセタキセルである、ヒトがん患者を処置するための医薬組成物。
- (a)HER−2抗原を含むポリペプチドをコードする遺伝子を含む組換えMVA;および
(b)組換えMVAを殺腫瘍量のタキサンによる処置に先だって投与するようにという指示書類を含み、
タキサンがドセタキセルである、がん患者を処置するためのキット。 - (a)HER−2抗原を含むポリペプチドをコードする遺伝子を含む組換えMVA;および
(b)組換えMVAを殺腫瘍量のタキサンによる処置と同時に投与するようにという指示書類を含み、
タキサンがドセタキセルである、がん患者を処置するためのキット。 - (a)HER−2抗原を含むポリペプチドをコードする遺伝子を含む組換えMVA;および
(b)組換えMVAを殺腫瘍量のタキサンによる処置後に投与するようにという指示書類を含み、
タキサンがドセタキセルである、がん患者を処置するためのキット。 - HER−2抗原を含む前記ポリペプチドが配列番号2を含む、請求項13のキット。
- HER−2抗原を含む前記ポリペプチドが配列番号2を含む、請求項14のキット。
- HER−2抗原を含む前記ポリペプチドが配列番号2を含む、請求項15のキット。
- HER−2抗原を含むポリペプチドをコードする遺伝子を含み、HER−2抗原を含むポリペプチドが配列番号2を含む、組換えワクシニアウイルス。
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