JP5961447B2 - Water purification equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a water purification apparatus.

There is known a water purifier using photocatalytic activity generated by irradiating a photocatalyst such as titanium oxide with ultraviolet rays from a black light, a mercury lamp or the like (for example, Patent Document 1).
In such a water purification apparatus using photocatalytic activity, a porous body or fiber cloth carrying a photocatalyst such as titanium oxide is irradiated with ultraviolet rays and the like, and water to be treated is brought into contact with the porous body or fiber cloth. Purification of treated water.

JP 2008-93549 A

However, the conventional water purification apparatus has a problem that the power consumption of the ultraviolet light source is large and water cannot be purified for a long time when the storage battery is used as a power source.
This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, and provides the water purification apparatus with small power consumption.

  The present invention includes a purification tank and a purification unit provided in the purification tank, the purification unit includes a plurality of plate-like photocatalyst members and a flow path of water to be treated, and each plate-like photocatalyst member is a pulsed light. A plate-like light emitter that emits surface light, and a photocatalyst layer that is provided on at least one surface of the plate-like light emitter and receives the pulsed light, and the photocatalyst layer constitutes an inner wall of the flow path. The water purification apparatus characterized by this is provided.

According to the present invention, a plate-like photocatalyst member having a plate-like light emitter that emits surface light with pulsed light and a photocatalyst layer that is provided on at least one surface of the plate-like light emitter and receives the pulsed light is purified. Therefore, the photocatalytic layer can have photocatalytic activity.
According to the present invention, since the plate-like photocatalyst member constitutes the inner wall of the flow path of the water to be treated, the water to be treated can be brought into contact with the photocatalyst layer of the plate-like photocatalyst member, and the treatment is performed by the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst layer. Water can be purified.
According to the present invention, since the light emitted from the plate-like light emitter is pulsed light, the power consumption of the light source can be reduced, and the power consumption of the water purification device can be reduced. In particular, when the power source of the water purification device is a storage battery, water can be purified for a long time.

It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of the water purification apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the water purification apparatus in the dotted line XX of FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the water purification apparatus in the dotted line YY of FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the water purification apparatus in the dotted line ZZ of FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of the water purification apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention. (A) is a schematic top view of the plate-shaped photocatalyst member contained in the water purification apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention, (b) is a schematic sectional drawing of the plate-shaped photocatalyst member in dotted line AA of (a). It is. (A) is a schematic plan view of the plate-shaped photocatalyst member contained in the water purification apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention, (b) is a schematic sectional drawing of the plate-shaped photocatalyst member in the dotted line BB of (a). It is. (A) is a schematic top view of the plate-shaped photocatalyst member contained in the water purification apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention, (b) is a schematic sectional drawing of the plate-shaped photocatalyst member in the dotted line CC of (a). It is. (A) is a schematic top view of the plate-shaped photocatalyst member contained in the water purification apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention, (b) is a schematic sectional drawing of the plate-shaped photocatalyst member in the dotted line DD of (a). It is. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the plate-shaped photocatalyst member in the range E enclosed with the dotted line of FIG.9 (b). It is a schematic sectional drawing of the plate-shaped photocatalyst member corresponding to the range E enclosed with the dotted line of FIG.9 (b). It is a schematic perspective view of the purification | cleaning part contained in the water purification apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the flow path in the purification | cleaning part contained in the water purification apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of the water purification apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention. (A) is a schematic plan view of the purification | cleaning unit contained in the water purification apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention, (b) is a schematic sectional drawing of the purification | cleaning unit in the dotted line FF of (a). It is explanatory drawing explaining the relationship between the quantity of the active species of the photocatalyst layer contained in the water purification apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention, and the light quantity of a light source. It is the graph which showed the relationship between the flow volume of the to-be-processed water which flows through the flow path contained in the water purification apparatus of one Embodiment of this invention, and the Reynolds number or the flow velocity.

The water purification apparatus of the present invention includes a purification tank and a purification unit provided in the purification tank, and the purification unit includes a plurality of plate-like photocatalyst members and a flow path of water to be treated, and each plate-like photocatalyst member. Has a plate-like light emitter that emits a surface of pulsed light, and a photocatalyst layer provided on at least one surface of the plate-like light emitter, and the photocatalyst layer constitutes an inner wall of the flow path. Features.
In the present invention, the plate shape means a shape having a relatively thin thickness, and the main surface may be a flat surface or a curved surface. Moreover, the main surface may be bent. Further, the plate shape includes a tubular shape having a relatively thin thickness.

In the water purification apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that the plate-like light emitter emits pulsed light having a frequency of 0.1 kHz to 1 MHz.
According to such a structure, the power consumption of a light source can be made small and the power consumption of a water purification apparatus can be made small.
In the water purification apparatus of the present invention, the plurality of plate-like photocatalyst members include a first plate-like photocatalyst member having a first plate-like light emitter and a second plate-like photocatalyst member having a second plate-like light emitter. The first and second plate-like light emitters emit pulse light having the same frequency, and the first plate-like light emitter emits pulse light having a phase different from the phase of the pulse light emitted by the second plate-like light emitter. preferable.
According to such a configuration, when the first plate-like light emitter is turned off, the second plate-like light emitter can emit light and irradiate the photocatalyst layer with light. The reverse is also true. Thereby, the fall of the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst layer by making light emission of a plate-shaped light-emitting body into pulse light can be suppressed, and the fall of the purification ability of a water purification apparatus can be suppressed. Moreover, the power consumption of the water purification device can be reduced.

In the water purification apparatus of the present invention, the photocatalyst layer included in the first plate-like photocatalyst member is provided so as to receive pulsed light emitted from the first plate-like light emitter and pulse light emitted from the second plate-like light emitter. It is preferable.
According to such a configuration, the photocatalytic layer can be irradiated with the light emission of the first plate-like light emitter and the light emission of the second plate-like light emitter, and the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst layer can be increased.
In the water purification apparatus of the present invention, the photocatalyst layer included in the first plate-like photocatalyst member receives the pulsed light emitted by the second plate-like light emitter when not receiving the pulsed light emitted by the first plate-like light emitter, Preferably, the second plate-like light emitter is provided so as to receive the pulse light emitted from the first plate-like light emitter when the pulse light emitted from the second plate-like light emitter is not received.
According to such a structure, the fall of the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst layer by making light emission of a plate-shaped light-emitting body into pulse light can be suppressed, and the fall of the purification capacity of a water purification apparatus can be suppressed.

In the water purification apparatus of the present invention, the plurality of plate-like photocatalyst members include a third plate-like photocatalyst member having a third plate-like light emitter, and the first, second, and third plate-like light emitters have the same frequency. It is preferable that the first plate-like light emitter, the second plate-like light emitter, and the third plate-like light emitter emit pulse lights having different phases.
According to such a configuration, when the plate-like light emitters included in the first and second plate-like photocatalyst members are turned off or turned off, the plate-like light emitter included in the third plate-like photocatalyst member emits light. It becomes possible to irradiate the photocatalyst layer with light. Further, when the plate-like light emitters included in the second and third plate-like photocatalyst members are turned off or turned off, the first plate-like photocatalyst member emits light, and the plate-like members included in the first and third plate-like photocatalyst members. The second plate-like photocatalytic member can emit light when the illuminant is turned off or turned off. Thereby, the fall of the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst layer by making light emission of a plate-shaped light-emitting body into pulse light can be suppressed, and the fall of the purification ability of a water purification apparatus can be suppressed. Moreover, the power consumption of the water purification device can be reduced.
In the water purification apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that the flow path has a plurality of branch points and a plurality of junction points.
According to such a configuration, it is possible to increase the probability that the water to be treated that is purified in the septic tank contacts the photocatalyst layer on the side wall of the flow path, and the water to be treated can be efficiently purified.

In the water purification apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that the plate-like photocatalyst member has a strip shape or a lattice shape.
According to such a structure, the purification | cleaning part which has a flow path can be easily formed by combining a plate-shaped photocatalyst member.
In the water purification apparatus of the present invention, the purification unit has the strip-shaped plate-shaped photocatalyst members arranged in parallel in the vertical direction and the strip-shaped photocatalyst members arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction. It is preferable to have a structure in which the plate-like photocatalyst members are alternately stacked.
According to such a configuration, the gap between the plate-like photocatalyst members arranged in parallel can be used as a flow path of the water to be treated, and the water to be treated that has flowed through this flow path collides with another plate-like photocatalyst member. The water to be treated can be allowed to flow, and the water to be treated can be efficiently brought into contact with the photocatalyst layer.

In the water purification apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that the purification unit has a structure in which the plate-like photocatalyst members are arranged without a gap in a plan view from a direction in which the plate-like photocatalyst members are stacked.
According to such a configuration, the flow path through which the water to be treated flows is bent, and the probability that the water to be treated contacts the photocatalyst layer can be increased.
In the water purification apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that the photocatalyst layer is provided on both surfaces of the plate-like light emitter.
According to such a configuration, the surface area of the photocatalyst layer included in the purification unit can be increased, and the purification ability of the water purification device can be increased.

In the water purification apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that a light source provided so as to be able to irradiate the side surface of the plate-like light emitter is further provided, and the plate-like light emitter is a light guide plate.
According to such a configuration, surface light can be emitted from the light guide plate, and generation of a portion having low photocatalytic activity in the photocatalytic layer can be suppressed. Thereby, it can suppress that to-be-processed water is drained without purifying.
In the water purification apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable that the light source includes a light emitting diode.
According to such a configuration, the light source can be reduced in size, saved in energy, and extended in life.

The water purification apparatus of the present invention preferably further includes a power supply circuit that supplies power to the light source, and the power supply circuit uses a storage battery as a power supply.
According to such a configuration, installation of the water purification device is facilitated.
In the water purification apparatus of the present invention, the photocatalyst layer includes TiO ₂ , SnO ₂ , WO ₃ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , ZnO, Nb ₂ O ₅ , SrTiO ₃ , KTaO ₃ , ZrO ₂ , GaP, BiVO ₄ , Bi _2. It is preferable to contain at least one of MoO ₆ and Ag ₃ PO ₄ .
According to such a structure, a photocatalyst layer can contain a photocatalyst.
In the water purification device of the present invention, the photocatalyst layer carries at least one metal of Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn, Ga, Ge, In, and Sn. It preferably contains titanium oxide.
According to such a configuration, the photocatalyst contained in the photocatalyst layer can have high photocatalytic activity.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The configurations shown in the drawings and the following description are merely examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to those shown in the drawings and the following description.

Configuration of Water Purification Device FIGS. 1 to 5 and FIG. 14 are schematic sectional views showing the configuration of the water purification device of this embodiment, and FIGS. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are included in the water purification device of this embodiment. Fig. 10 is a schematic plan view and a schematic cross-sectional view of a plate-like photocatalyst member, Figs. 10 and 11 are schematic cross-sectional views of a part of the plate-like photocatalyst member, and Fig. 12 is a purification included in the water purification device of the present embodiment. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a flow path in the purification unit, and FIG. 15 is a schematic plan view and a schematic cross-sectional view of a purification unit included in the water purification device of the present embodiment.

The water purification device 27 of this embodiment includes a purification tank 1 and a purification unit 3 provided in the purification tank 1, and the purification unit 3 includes a plurality of plate-like photocatalyst members 7 and a flow path 10 of water to be treated. Each of the plate-like photocatalyst members 7 includes a plate-like light emitter 5 that emits a surface of pulsed light, and a photocatalyst layer 6 provided on at least one surface of the plate-like light emitter 5. The inner wall of the road 10 is configured.
Hereinafter, the water purification apparatus 27 of this embodiment is demonstrated.

1. Septic tank The septic tank 1 is a water tank for purifying treated water. The septic tank 1 is not particularly limited as long as the water to be treated can be stored or flowed. The septic tank 1 is made of, for example, metal, resin, reinforced plastic, glass, or earthenware.
The septic tank 1 includes a purification unit 3 therein. For this reason, the water to be treated in the septic tank 1 can be purified by the purification unit 3.

  A part of the septic tank 1 may be composed of a translucent member 12. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, when the light source 14 is installed outside the translucent member 12, the light emitted from the light source 14 can be applied to the photocatalyst layer 6, and the photocatalyst layer 6 can have photocatalytic activity. Moreover, if it is such a structure, the light source 14 can be isolate | separated from the to-be-processed water in the septic tank 1, an electrical leakage can be prevented, and lifetime improvement of the light source 14 can be achieved.

  The septic tank 1 can have an inlet 17 and a drain 18. As a result, untreated water to be treated can be caused to flow into the septic tank 1 from the inflow port 17, and the purified treated water can be discharged from the drain port 18. Moreover, you may provide the filter 22 so that an impurity may be removed, before making to-be-processed water flow in into the septic tank 1 from the inflow port 17 like FIG. The filter 22 may be composed of a plurality of types having different hole diameters. For example, an MF membrane, UF membrane, RO membrane or the like can be used. Thereby, the purification ability of the water purification apparatus 27 can be improved.

The septic tank 1 can have a photocatalyst layer 6 on its inner wall as shown in FIG. The photocatalyst layer 6 provided on the inner wall of the purification tank 1 can receive the light emitted from the plate-like light emitter 5 and have photocatalytic activity, so that the purification ability of the water purification device 27 can be improved. Moreover, the septic tank 1 can also be provided with a reflective layer on its inner wall. Thereby, the light irradiated to the inner wall of the septic tank 1 can be reflected to the inner side of the septic tank 1, the amount of light received by the photocatalyst layer 6 included in the plate-like photocatalyst member 7 can be increased, and the water purifier 27 purification ability can be improved.
Moreover, the purification tank 1 may be formed by stacking purification units 39 as shown in FIG. 15 as shown in FIG. In this case, the water to be treated can be prevented from leaking by providing the seal member 41 between the two adjacent purification units 39.

2. Plate-like photocatalyst member, plate-like light emitter, photocatalyst layer The plate-like photocatalyst member 7 is included in the purification unit 3, and on the plate-like light emitter 5 that emits surface light from pulsed light and on at least one surface of the plate-like light emitter 5 And a photocatalyst layer 6 provided on the surface. By having such a structure, the photocatalyst layer 6 can receive the pulsed light emitted from the plate-like light emitter 5, and the photocatalyst layer 6 can have photocatalytic activity.
The shape of the plate-like photocatalyst member 7 may be a shape having a relatively thin thickness, and the main surface may be a flat surface or a curved surface. Moreover, the main surface of the plate-like photocatalyst member 7 may be bent. The plate-like photocatalyst member 7 may have a relatively thin thickness and a tubular shape. The shape of the plate-like photocatalyst member 7 may be a strip shape as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 or a lattice shape as shown in FIG. By combining a plurality of plate-like photocatalytic members 7 having such a shape, the purification unit 3 can be formed, and the flow path 10 can be formed in the purification unit 3.
Further, the plate-like photocatalyst member 7 may constitute a purification unit 39 as shown in FIG.

  The plate-like light emitter 5 is not particularly limited as long as it is a plate-like light emitter that emits light from the surface. The light guide plate can emit light incident from the side surface. The light guide plate is made of, for example, an acrylic plate on which reflective dots are formed. In this case, the light incident from the side surface of the acrylic plate can be spread over the entire acrylic plate by repeating the surface reflection of the acrylic plate, and the light scattered by the reflective dots goes out from the surface of the acrylic plate. be able to. Thus, the light guide plate can emit light. Further, the light guide plate may emit surface light from one surface thereof, or may emit surface light from both surfaces. In addition, the acrylic plate may be made of ultraviolet transmissive acrylic. Thereby, ultraviolet absorption by the acrylic plate can be suppressed, and the amount of light received by the photocatalyst layer 6 can be increased.

  The reflective dots may be, for example, printed with white ink, may be irregularities attached to the surface of the acrylic plate with a stamper or injection, and are grooves formed by grooving the acrylic plate. Also good. The reflective dots may be formed only on one surface of the acrylic plate, or may be formed on both surfaces.

  The light incident on the side surface of the light guide plate is, for example, light emitted from the light source 14. In addition, when the light from the light source 14 is incident on the side surface of the light guide plate, the light source 14 is not particularly limited as long as it can generate photocatalytic activity, and is, for example, a xenon lamp or an ultraviolet LED. Further, the light source 14 may include a reflective cover in order to make light incident efficiently on the side surface of the light guide plate. The light source 14 preferably emits ultraviolet light. As a result, the photocatalytic layer 6 can have high photocatalytic activity, and the water to be treated can be purified by the sterilizing effect of the ultraviolet light emitted from the light source 14.

The plate-like light emitter 5 emits pulsed light in a surface-emitting manner. In the case where the plate-like light emitter 5 is made of a light guide plate, the plate-like light emitter 5 can emit the pulsed light by making the light of the light source 14 that makes light incident on the side surface of the light guide plate into pulse light. For example, when the light source 14 is an ultraviolet LED, the light source 14 can be caused to emit pulses by controlling the current flowing through the LED. The plate-like light emitter 5 can emit pulsed light having a frequency of 0.1 kHz to 1 MHz, for example. The water purification device 27 can have a current control unit that controls the current supplied to the light source 14. Thereby, the light source 14 can emit pulses.
Further, the light source 14 may be provided in the septic tank 1 as shown in FIG. 1 so as to irradiate light to the side surface of the light guide plate, and the light source 14 is interposed through the translucent member 12 constituting the septic tank 1 as shown in FIG. It may be provided so as to irradiate light to the side surface of the light guide plate, or may be provided adjacent to the side surface of the light guide plate as shown in FIG. Moreover, you may supply the light from the light source 14 to the side surface of a light-guide plate with an optical fiber. Thereby, the light from the light source 14 can be efficiently supplied to the light guide plate, and the number of light sources 14 to be installed can be reduced.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the plate-like light emitter 5 includes a first electrode 32 made of a conductor or a semiconductor, a translucent electrode 34, and a first electrode on at least one surface of the substrate 31. Insulator layer 33 sandwiched between 32 and translucent electrode 34 and light emitter 35 containing Ge formed inside insulator layer 33 may be provided. According to such a configuration, by applying a voltage between the first electrode 32 and the translucent electrode 34, a current can be passed through the insulator layer 33, and the light emitter 35 is caused to emit light by this current. be able to. In addition, by using a material containing Ge as the light emitter 35, ultraviolet light can be emitted from the light emitter 35. Further, the plate-like light emitter 5 can be provided with the first electrode 32, the insulator layer 33, and the translucent electrode 34 on both surfaces of the substrate 31. Further, by controlling the current flowing through the insulator layer 33, the plate-like light emitter 5 can emit pulses.
For example, the first electrode 32 can be silicon doped with impurities, the insulator layer 33 can be a SiO ₂ film, and the translucent electrode 34 can be an ITO electrode or a slit electrode. . The light emitter 35 in the insulator layer 33 can be formed by ion-implanting Ge into the SiO ₂ film, for example.

Further, the plate-like light emitter 5 includes, on at least one surface of the substrate, a first electrode 32 made of a conductor containing impurities or a semiconductor containing impurities, a translucent electrode 34, a first electrode 32, and a translucent electrode. 34, the first electrode 32 has ion-implanted atoms, and the atoms are first within 500 nm from the interface between the insulator layer 33 and the first electrode 32. The electrode 32 may have a concentration peak. According to such a configuration, the plate-like light emitter 5 can emit light by applying a voltage between the first electrode 32 and the translucent electrode 34.
Further, the atoms ion-implanted into the first electrode 32 can emit ultraviolet rays by using those containing Ge. Further, the plate-like light emitter 5 can be provided with the first electrode 32, the insulator layer 33, and the translucent electrode 34 on both surfaces of the substrate 31.
For example, the first electrode 32 can be silicon doped with impurities, the insulator layer 33 can be a SiO ₂ film, and the translucent electrode 34 can be an ITO electrode or a slit electrode. . In addition, the first electrode 32 having the ion-implanted atoms can be formed, for example, by implanting Ge into a silicon substrate directly or into a silicon substrate with an insulator layer.

The photocatalyst layer 6 is a layer containing a photocatalyst and has photocatalytic activity by receiving light. Examples of the photocatalyst included in the photocatalyst layer 6 include TiO ₂ , SnO ₂ , WO ₃ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , ZnO, Nb ₂ O ₅ , SrTiO ₃ , KTaO ₃ , ZrO ₂ , GaP, BiVO ₄ , Bi ₂ MoO _6. Ag ₃ PO ₄ , and at least one metal of Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn, Ga, Ge, In and Sn is supported on these surfaces. It may be. The photocatalyst contained in the photocatalyst layer 6 is preferably titanium oxide.
The photocatalyst layer 6 may be a thin film containing a photocatalyst or a thick film. Further, it may be a film containing a photocatalyst, glass or a fiber body on which the photocatalyst is supported. When the photocatalyst layer 6 is a thin film containing a photocatalyst, it can be formed by, for example, CVD or sputtering. When the photocatalyst layer 6 is a thick film containing a photocatalyst, for example, a paste or coating containing a particulate photocatalyst It can be formed by applying, drying or baking the agent on the plate-like light emitter.

  The photocatalyst layer 6 is provided on at least one surface of the plate-like light emitter 5. Thereby, the photocatalyst layer 6 can receive light from the plate-like light emitter 5 and can have photocatalytic activity. The photocatalyst layer 6 may be provided only on one surface of the plate-like light emitter 5, or may be provided on both surfaces of the plate-like light emitter 5 as shown in FIGS. When the photocatalyst layer 6 is provided only on one surface of the plate-like light emitter 5 and the plate-like light emitter 5 is made of a light guide plate, the reflective layer 29 may be provided on the other surface. Thus, the photocatalyst layer 6 can receive the reflected light from the reflective layer 29, and the amount of light received by the photocatalyst layer 6 can be increased. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the reflective layer 29 and the photocatalyst layer 6 may be laminated on one surface of the plate-like light emitter 5. In this case, the amount of light received by the photocatalyst layer 6 on the surface on which the reflective layer 29 is not formed can be increased, and the light emitted from the other plate-like light emitters 5 by the photocatalyst layer 6 formed on the reflective layer 29. Can be received. As a result, the light that the photocatalyst layer cannot absorb can be absorbed by the other photocatalyst layer, so that the input light can be used without waste, and the photocatalytic performance is improved as a whole. Moreover, the part which has high photocatalytic activity and the part which has low photocatalytic activity can be made, and these parts can be formed according to distribution | circulation of to-be-processed water.

Further, when the reflective layer 29 and the photocatalyst layer 6 are laminated, the reflective layer 29 may have electrical conductivity and may be electrically connected to the photocatalyst layer 6. Thus, the reflective layer 29 can be used as a conductive plate, and among the electrons and holes generated by the photocatalyst layer 6 receiving light, the electrons are attracted to the reflective layer 29, and the holes are OH radicals on the surface of the photocatalyst. It can utilize for the production | generation of active species. Thus, recombination of electrons and holes generated by the photocatalyst receiving light can be suppressed, and the generation efficiency of active species on the surface of the photocatalyst can be improved.
The photocatalyst layer 6 formed on the reflective layer 29 may be a transparent conductive film carrying a photocatalyst. As a result, charges can easily move between the reflective layer 29 and the photocatalytic layer 6.

Moreover, when the photocatalyst layer 6 is formed on the plate-like light emitter 5 as shown in FIG. 9, the photocatalyst layer 6 may be directly formed on the translucent electrode 34 as shown in FIG. Thus, the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalytic layer 6 can be improved by the voltage applied to the translucent electrode 34. Moreover, the photocatalyst layer 6 may be formed by sandwiching a translucent insulating layer 37 between the translucent electrode 34 as shown in FIG. As a result, the photocatalytic layer 6 can be prevented from being affected by the voltage applied to the translucent electrode 34, and the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalytic layer 6 can be stabilized. Further, the translucent electrode and the like can be protected by the translucent insulating layer 37.
The photocatalyst layer 6 constitutes the inner wall of the flow path 10 in the purification unit 3. Thereby, the to-be-processed water which distribute | circulates the flow path 10 can be made to contact the photocatalyst layer 6, and to-be-processed water can be purified.

3. Purification unit and flow path The purification unit 3 is provided inside the purification tank 1 and includes a plurality of plate-like photocatalyst members 7 and a flow path 10 of water to be treated, and the photocatalyst layer 6 constitutes an inner wall of the flow path 10. As a result, the water to be treated in the purification tank 1 can be purified by the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst layer 6.
Moreover, the purification | cleaning part 3 can have two or more curved flow paths 10 through which the to-be-processed water purified by the purification tank 1 distribute | circulates, and the photocatalyst layer 6 comprises the inner wall of this flow path 10. By flowing the water to be treated through the flow path 10, the water to be treated can be efficiently brought into contact with the photocatalyst layer 6, and the water to be treated can be purified.

In order to improve the water purification efficiency by the photocatalyst, it is important to eliminate the bottleneck that determines the reaction rate of the oxidation reaction by the active species. The reaction rate is roughly determined by the balance between the radical generation rate and the contact frequency of the water to be treated on the photocatalyst surface. In order for radicals to be generated, irradiation light must enter the surface of the photocatalyst to generate electron-hole pairs, which must react with reactants mainly consisting of OH groups on the surface of the photocatalyst to generate radicals. . The bottleneck in this process is the generation frequency of electron-hole pair pairs, that is, irradiation light intensity.
On the other hand, the contact frequency of the photocatalyst surface and the water to be treated is mainly determined by the flow velocity.
Accordingly, assuming that the contact frequency of the photocatalyst surface and the water to be treated is constant, the photocatalytic efficiency is rate-limiting when the irradiation light intensity is small, and the photocatalytic efficiency is the contact of the water to be treated when the irradiation light intensity is large. It becomes frequency-limited.

The purification | cleaning part 3 can be formed by joining the strip-shaped plate-shaped photocatalyst member 7, for example like FIGS. In the water purification apparatus 27 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, an octagonal cross section is formed by combining eight strip-shaped photocatalytic members 7 each having a photocatalytic layer 6 provided on both sides of a plate-like light emitter 5 made of a light guide plate. It has a tubular shape. A plurality of plate-like photocatalyst members 7 having such a tubular shape are formed with a relatively large first tubular portion 8 and a relatively small second tubular portion 9, and the second tubular portion 9 is disposed inside the first tubular portion 8. The purification unit 3 is provided. Moreover, the light source 14 which irradiates pulsed light to the side surface of the light guide plate is provided. In addition, a support member 11 for supporting the plate-like photocatalyst member 7 is provided. Further, a power supply circuit 19 for supplying power to the light source 14 is provided. The power supply circuit 19 can have a storage battery, for example. In addition, the power supply circuit 19 can include a control circuit that controls the power supplied to the light source 14 so that the light source 14 emits pulses.
In addition, in the water purification apparatus 27 shown in FIGS. 1-4, although the strip-shaped plate-shaped photocatalyst member 7 is combined and the 1st or 2nd tubular part 8 and 9 is provided, the 1st or 2nd tubular part 8 is provided. , 9 may each be formed as one member. That is, you may form by providing the photocatalyst layer 6 on the inner surface and outer surface of a tubular light-emitting body.

  1-4, the inside of the 2nd tubular part 9, between the 1st tubular part 8 and the 2nd tubular part 9, and between the 1st tubular part 8 and the septic tank 1 are covered, respectively. It becomes the channel 10 of treated water. When the purification unit 3 has such a configuration, the water to be treated in the flow path 10 can be brought into contact with the photocatalytic layer 6 having photocatalytic activity, and the water to be treated can be purified.

  Further, the plate-like photocatalyst members 7a and 7b are provided so as to face each other across the flow path 10, and the plate-like photocatalyst members 7b and 7c are provided so as to face each other across the flow path 10, and 7d is provided so as to face the channel 10 therebetween. Thereby, the photocatalyst layer 6 inside the plate-like photocatalyst member 7b can receive light emitted from the plate-like photocatalyst 5 included in the plate-like photocatalyst member 7b, and the plate-like light emitter 5 included in the plate-like photocatalyst member 7c. The light transmitted through the photocatalyst layer 6 of the plate-like photocatalyst member 7c can be received. The same applies to the other plate-like photocatalyst members 7 provided to face each other. In such a case, the plate-like light emitter 5 (first plate-like light emitter) included in one of the opposing plate-like photocatalyst members 7 and the plate-like light emitter 5 (second plate-like light emitter) included in the other. Can be provided so as to emit pulsed light having the same frequency, and the phase of the pulsed light emitted from the first plate-like light emitter and the phase of the pulsed light emitted from the second plate-like light emitter can be different. As a result, the photocatalyst layer 6 on the first plate-like light emitter or the photocatalyst layer 6 on the second plate-like light emitter does not receive the pulsed light emitted by the first plate-like light emitter. Can receive the pulsed light emitted by the first plate-like light emitter when the pulsed light emitted by the second plate-like light emitter is not received.

For example, the first plate-like illuminant can be made to emit light with pulsed light emitted from the light source A, and the second plate-like illuminant can be made to emit light with pulsed light emitted from the light source B. FIG. 16 shows the relationship between the light amount of the light source A, the light amount of the light source B, and the amount of active species generated in the photocatalyst layer 6 that receives light from the first and second plate-like light emitters. It is the shown graph. The light source A and the light source B are provided so as to emit light having the same frequency as shown in the upper and middle diagrams of FIG. 16, and the light source B emits light when the light source A is turned off, and the light source B is turned off. Sometimes the light source A can be provided to emit light. In this case, the amount of active species (for example, OH radicals) present in the photocatalytic layer 6 is as shown in the lower diagram of FIG. The lifetime of OH radicals, which are one of the active species generated when the photocatalyst layer 6 receives light, is about 1 μsec to 1 msec. For this reason, when the photocatalyst layer 6 begins to receive light emitted from the first plate-like light emitter or light emitted from the second plate-like light emitter, the amount of active species present in the photocatalyst layer 6 increases with time. Moreover, when the photocatalyst layer 6 does not receive the light emitted from the first plate-like light emitter or the light emitted from the second plate-like light emitter, the amount of active species in the photocatalyst layer 6 gradually decreases. In the photocatalyst layer 6, since the change in the amount of active species is caused by both the light emission of the first plate-like light emitter and the light emission of the second plate-like light emitter, the amount of active species present in the photocatalyst layer 6 is It becomes almost constant. For this reason, even if the light which a plate-shaped light-emitting body emits is pulsed light, it can suppress that the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst layer 6 falls.
Moreover, since the lifetime of the active species is about 1 μsec to 1 msec, it is preferable that the pulsed light emitted by the plate-like light emitter is 1 kHz or more and 1 MHz or less.

  Thus, as a method of causing the first plate-like light emitter and the second plate-like light emitter to emit light, the phase of the pulsed light emitted from the first plate-like light emitter is substantially changed from the phase of the pulsed light emitted from the second plate-like light emitter. For example, the first and second plate-like light emitters emit light so as to be shifted by 180 degrees. As a result, the second plate-like light emitter can emit light when the first plate-like light emitter is turned off or turned off, and the first plate-like light emitter is turned off or turned off. The plate-like light emitter can emit light.

  So far, the two plate-like photocatalyst members 7 facing each other have been described. For example, the first photocatalyst member including the first plate-like light emitter, the second photocatalyst member containing the second plate-like light emitter, and the third plate-like member. Purifying unit so that the photocatalyst layers of the first to third plate-like photocatalyst members can receive each light emission of the first to third plate-like photocatalyst members by assembling the third plate-like photocatalyst member 7 including the illuminant into a triangle. 3 may be provided. In this case, the first to third plate-like light emitters can be provided to emit pulsed light having the same frequency, and the first to third plate-like light emitters can be provided to emit pulsed light having different phases. As a result, the power consumption of the light source can be reduced, and the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalytic layer 6 can be suppressed from decreasing. For example, the phase of the pulsed light emitted from the first plate-like illuminant is shifted substantially 120 degrees from the phase of the pulsed light emitted from the second plate-like illuminant, and the phase of the pulsed light emitted from the third plate-like illuminant is changed. The first and second plate-like light emitters can be substantially shifted from the phase of the pulsed light emitted by 120 degrees.

  In the water purification device 27 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, it is preferable to distribute the water to be treated so that turbulent flow is generated in the water to be treated flowing through the flow path 10. Thereby, the contact frequency of a photocatalyst layer and to-be-processed water can be made high, and to-be-processed water can be purified efficiently. As a method of turbulently flowing the water to be treated, it is possible to circulate the water to be treated through the flow path 10 so as to increase the Reynolds number.

FIG. 17 shows the flow path (L / min) and the relationship between the flow rate (L / min) and the flow velocity (μm / msec) when the length of one side of the side wall is 1 cm. ) And the Reynolds number.
The Reynolds number is expressed by Equation 1. Here, U is the average flow velocity, L is the representative length, and ν is the kinematic viscosity.
(Formula 1) Re = UL / ν
Generally, when the Reynolds number is small, the flow in the channel tube is laminar, and when Re> 2300, the flow becomes turbulent.
When a household water purifier (discharge amount: 2L / min) is made with a regular octagonal channel tube with a side length of 1cm, the Reynolds number is small and the flow becomes laminar (Fig. 17). Since the contact frequency between the photocatalyst plate and the photocatalyst plate is not large, the photocatalytic efficiency is controlled by the contact frequency of water to be treated.
That is, in such a case, power consumption of the light source can be reduced by blinking the plate-like photocatalyst.

Moreover, the purification | cleaning part 3 can be formed by combining the strip-shaped plate-shaped photocatalyst member 7 like FIG. Thereby, the purification | cleaning part 3 which has the flow path 10 by which an inner wall is comprised with the photocatalyst layer 6 can be formed easily, and the cross-sectional area of the flow path 10 can be formed in a suitable magnitude | size.
The purification unit 3 includes strip-shaped photocatalytic members 7 arranged in parallel in the vertical direction at intervals and strip-shaped photocatalytic members 7 arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction at intervals. Can have a stacked structure. As a result, the space between two adjacent plate-like photocatalyst members 7 arranged in parallel can be used as a flow path 10 for circulating the water to be treated, and is formed by the plate-like photocatalyst members 7 arranged in the vertical direction. It is possible to form a flow path 10 in which the space formed is connected to the space formed by the plate-like photocatalyst members 7 arranged in the lateral direction. The channel 10 thus formed has an inner wall including the catalyst layer 6, a plurality of curved channels, a plurality of branch points, and a plurality of junctions. Moreover, the plate-like photocatalyst member 7 can be stacked in a range of 3 to 100 layers.
The plate-like photocatalyst member 7 may be fixed to the septic tank 1 or may not be fixed. Moreover, the strip-shaped plate-shaped photocatalyst members 7 arranged in parallel may be connected so that the interval does not change. In addition, the stacked plate-like photocatalyst members 7 of each layer may or may not be connected.

  Moreover, the purification | cleaning part 3 can also be formed by laminating | stacking the lattice-shaped plate-shaped photocatalyst member 7 as shown in FIG. This makes it possible to easily form the purification section 3 having the flow path 10 whose inner wall is composed of the photocatalyst layer 6 in the same manner as the purification section 3 formed by stacking the strip-shaped plate-like photocatalytic members 7. The cross-sectional area of the flow channel 10 can be formed to an appropriate size.

  Moreover, the purification | cleaning part 3 may have a structure where the plate-shaped photocatalyst member 7 is arrange | positioned without gap in planar view from the direction which laminated | stacked the plate-shaped photocatalyst member 7. FIG. Accordingly, the flow path 10 formed in the purification unit 3 can be bent, and the water to be treated flowing in the flow path 10 can easily come into contact with the photocatalyst layer 6 constituting the inner wall of the flow path 10. The treated water can be purified efficiently.

The purification unit 3 can be formed, for example, by combining strip-shaped plate-like photocatalyst members 7 as shown in the perspective view of FIG. In FIG. 12, the strip-shaped plate-like photocatalyst members 7 in the lowermost layer (first layer 45) are arranged in parallel in the x direction at intervals, and are stacked in the z direction thereon (second layer). 46) The strip-shaped plate-like photocatalyst members 7 are arranged in parallel in the y direction at intervals. The strip-shaped plate-like photocatalyst members 7 of the layers (third layer 47) stacked in the z direction thereon are arranged in parallel in the x direction at intervals. The plate-like photocatalyst member 7 of the third layer 47 has a width wider than the interval between the plate-like photocatalyst members 7 of the first layer, and the plate-like photocatalyst member 7 of the first layer in the plan view from the z direction. Arranged to fill the gap. Thereby, the flow path 10 in the purification unit 3 can be bent. The strip-shaped plate-like photocatalyst members 7 of the layers (fourth layer 48) stacked in the z direction thereon are arranged in parallel in the y direction at intervals. The plate-like photocatalyst members 7 of the fourth layer 48 can also be arranged so as to fill a gap between the plate-like photocatalyst members 7 of the second layer 46 in a plan view from the z direction.
By repeatedly laminating the first layer to the fourth layer, the purification unit 3 as shown in FIG. 12 can be formed. Note that the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 5 and 14 correspond to the cross-sectional view of the xz plane of FIG.
Moreover, the purification | cleaning part 3 can be provided so that to-be-processed water may flow into the purification | cleaning part 3 from the lowermost layer side of FIG. 12, and may flow out from the uppermost layer side of the purification | cleaning part 3 of FIG.

  FIG. 13 is an explanatory view schematically showing the flow path 10 formed in the purification unit 3. FIG. 13 corresponds to the cross-sectional view of the xz plane of FIG. 12 and is a cross-sectional view of a portion that does not include the second layer 46 and the fourth layer 48. The treated water that has flowed into the purification unit 3 from the lower side of FIG. 13 flows through the gap between the plate-like photocatalyst members 7 of the first layer 45, and this flow collides with the plate-like photocatalyst member 7 of the third layer 37 and branches. The flow of the gap between the plate-like photocatalyst members 7 of the adjacent first layers 45 merges with the branched flow, and flows through the gap of the plate-like photocatalyst member 7 of the third layer 37. Thus, the flow path 10 can be a flow path in which a branch point and a merge point are repeated, and the water to be treated can easily come into contact with the photocatalyst layer 6 included in the plate-like photocatalyst member 7. The photocatalyst layer 6 can constitute the inner wall of the flow path 10.

  12 and 13, the plate-like photocatalyst member 7 (first plate-like photocatalyst member) of the first layer 45 and the plate-like photocatalyst of the first layer 45 stacked on the four layers thereof are used. It is provided so as to face the member 7 (second plate-like photocatalytic member). At this time, the photocatalyst layer 6 included in the first plate-like photocatalyst member can be provided so as to receive light emitted from the plate-like light emitter included in the second plate-like photocatalyst member. Thereby, the photocatalyst layer 6 included in the first plate-like photocatalyst member emits light from the plate-like illuminant included in the first plate-like photocatalyst member and from the plate-like illuminant included in the second plate-like photocatalyst member. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalytic layer 6 can be increased. Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the first photocatalyst layer 6 is provided on one surface of the plate-like light emitter, the reflective layer 29 is provided on the other surface, and the second photocatalyst layer 6 is provided on the reflective layer 29. Even when the plate-like photocatalyst member 7 is provided with light, the light emission of the plate-like light emitter 5 included in the plate-like photocatalyst member 7 provided with the second photocatalyst layer 6 facing the photocatalytic activity can be received. Can have.

The purification unit 3 can form the purification unit 3 by stacking a purification unit 39 including a part of the purification tank 1 and the plate-like photocatalyst member 7 as shown in FIG. 15 as shown in FIG. Thereby, the purification capacity of the purification unit 3 can be changed by changing the number of purification units 39 to be stacked. That is, the purification capacity of the water treatment device 27 can be changed according to the required purification capacity.
The water purification device 27 can be formed by stacking the purification units 39 so that the plate-like photocatalyst unit 7 is assembled in the same manner as the purification unit 3 shown in FIGS. That is, the flow path 10 shown in FIG. 13 is stacked by stacking the first purification unit, the second purification unit, the third purification unit, and the fourth purification unit corresponding to the first to fourth layers shown in FIG. It is possible to form a flow path 10 similar to the above.

4). Bubble Generation Unit, Ultrasonic Wave Generation Unit The bubble generation unit 24 can be provided so as to supply bubbles containing oxygen or ozone into the water to be treated purified in the septic tank 1. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the bubble generating unit 24 can be provided so that the water to be treated supplied with bubbles flows into the inlet 17 of the septic tank 1. As a result, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water to be treated can be increased, the generation of superoxide radicals O ²⁻ can be promoted, and the generation of hydrogen H ₂ can be suppressed. In addition, recombination of electrons and holes generated by the photocatalyst receiving light can be suppressed, and the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst layer 6 can be increased. Moreover, the light emission of the plate-like light emitter 5 can be scattered by the bubbles in the water to be treated, and it is possible to prevent the photocatalytic layer 6 from being shaded and the photocatalytic activity from being lowered. Further, since bubbles are present in the water to be treated, turbulent flow is remarkably generated in the water flow, and a stirring effect can be obtained without a stirring device. Thereby, it is suppressed that water stays on the surface of the photocatalyst, and water is efficiently supplied to the surface of the photocatalyst, so that effective purification efficiency (catalytic efficiency) is improved. Further, due to the bubble decomposition effect, it is possible to suppress adhesion of dust on the surface of the photocatalyst and clogging of the gap between the two plate-like photocatalyst members 7.
Further, the bubble generating unit 24 may generate micro-nano bubbles. This can prevent bubbles from aggregating and staying on the surface of the photocatalyst layer 6.

The ultrasonic generator 25 can be provided so that the purification unit 3 can be irradiated with ultrasonic waves. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the ultrasonic generator 25 can be provided outside the septic tank 1. By irradiating the purification unit 3 with ultrasonic waves, it is possible to prevent contamination of the surface of the photocatalyst and to prevent clogging of the flow path. Moreover, it can suppress that to-be-processed water retains in the photocatalyst vicinity.
Further, when both the bubble generation unit 24 and the ultrasonic generation unit 25 are provided, the ultrasonic generation unit 25 irradiates the purification unit 3 with ultrasonic waves, thereby suppressing the aggregation of bubbles generated in the bubble generation unit 24. It is possible to prevent the water flow from being blocked by large bubbles. In addition, it is possible to prevent a decrease in effective photocatalytic activity due to bubbles adhering to and staying on the surface of the photocatalyst.

    DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1: Purifying tank 3: Purifying part 5: Plate-shaped light-emitting body 6: Photocatalyst layer 7: Plate-shaped photocatalyst member 8: 1st tubular part 9: 2nd tubular part 10: Flow path 11: Support member 12: Translucent member 14 : Light source 15: Cover member 17: Inflow port 18: Drainage port 19: Power supply circuit 20: Water conduit 21: Wiring 22: Filter 24: Bubble generation unit 25: Ultrasonic wave generation unit 27: Water purification device 29: Reflection layer 31: Substrate 32: First electrode 33: Insulator layer 34: Translucent electrode 35: Light emitter 37: Translucent insulating layer 39: Purification unit 41: Seal member 43: Connection member 45: First layer 46: Second layer 47: Third layer 48: Fourth layer

Claims (15)

A septic tank, and a purification unit provided in the septic tank,
The purification unit includes a plurality of plate-like photocatalyst members and a flow path of water to be treated.
Each plate-like photocatalyst member has a plate-like light emitter that emits pulsed light and a photocatalyst layer that is provided on at least one surface of the plate-like light emitter and receives the pulsed light.
The photocatalyst layer constitutes an inner wall of the flow path ,
The plurality of plate-like photocatalyst members include a first plate-like photocatalyst member having a first plate-like light emitter and a second plate-like photocatalyst member having a second plate-like light emitter,
The first and second plate-like light emitters emit pulsed light having the same frequency,
The first plate-like light emitter emits pulsed light having a phase different from the phase of the pulsed light emitted from the second plate-like light emitter . The photocatalyst layer included in the first plate-shaped photocatalyst member, water purification according to claim 1, the pulsed light is provided to receive the pulsed light first plate light-emitting body and the second plate-shaped light-emitting body apparatus. The photocatalyst layer included in the first plate-like photocatalyst member receives the pulsed light emitted from the second plate-like light emitter when the pulsed light emitted from the first plate-like light emitter is not received, and the second plate-like light emitter emits. The water purification apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the water purification apparatus is provided so as to receive the pulsed light emitted by the first plate-like light emitter when the pulsed light is not received. The plurality of plate-like photocatalyst members include a third plate-like photocatalyst member having a third plate-like light emitter,
The first, second and third plate-like light emitters emit pulsed light having the same frequency,
The water purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the first plate-like light emitter, the second plate-like light emitter, and the third plate-like light emitter emit pulsed light having different phases. A septic tank, and a purification unit provided in the septic tank,
The purification unit includes a plurality of plate-like photocatalyst members and a flow path of water to be treated.
Each plate-like photocatalyst member has a plate-like light emitter that emits pulsed light and a photocatalyst layer that is provided on at least one surface of the plate-like light emitter and receives the pulsed light.
The photocatalyst layer constitutes an inner wall of the flow path,
The purification unit is configured such that the strip-shaped plate-like photocatalyst members arranged in parallel in the vertical direction and the strip-like photocatalyst members arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction are alternately arranged. Water purification device having a structure stacked on top of each other. The said purification | cleaning part is an apparatus of Claim 5 which has the structure where the said plate-shaped photocatalyst member is arrange | positioned without gap in planar view from the direction which piled up the said plate-shaped photocatalyst member. The water purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the plate-like light emitter emits pulsed light having a frequency of 0.1 kHz to 1 MHz. The flow path device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 a plurality of branch points and having a plurality of meeting points. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the plate-like photocatalytic member has a strip shape or a lattice shape. The photocatalyst layer A device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 which are provided on both surfaces of the plate-like light emitter. A light source provided so as to be able to irradiate the side surface of the plate-like light emitter,
The plate-like light emitter device according to any one of claims 1-10 is a light guide plate. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the light source comprises a light emitting diode. A power supply circuit for supplying power to the light source;
The apparatus according to claim 11 or 12 , wherein the power supply circuit uses a storage battery as a power supply. The photocatalytic layer is composed of TiO ₂ , SnO ₂ , WO ₃ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , ZnO, Nb ₂ O ₅ , SrTiO ₃ , KTaO ₃ , ZrO ₂ , GaP, BiVO ₄ , Bi ₂ MoO ₆ and Ag ₃ PO ₄ . The device according to any one of claims 1 to 13 , comprising at least one of them. The photocatalyst layer includes titanium oxide on which at least one metal is supported among Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn, Ga, Ge, In, and Sn. 14. The apparatus according to any one of 14 .