JP5954851B1 - Graft seedlings and grafted seedling production methods - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a grafted seedling that can be planted in a field with a plug seedling size, and a method for producing the grafted seedling, which is the same size as a plug seedling but does not require a secondary seedling. The grafted seedling of the present invention is a grafted seedling using a rootstock and a hogi, and between the rootstock and the hogi, a vascular bundle of the rootstock or / and a vascular bundle thinner than the vascular bundle of the hogi is provided. The middle rootstock provided is joined. The grafted seedling production method of the present invention is a method for producing grafted seedlings, in which a rootstock vascular bundle and / or a middle rootstock having a vascular bundle narrower than the vascular bundle of the panicle are joined to the rootstock. The method is a method of producing grafted seedlings by joining the above-mentioned hogi to the middle rootstock. Rootstock, hogi and middle rootstock can be collected from seedlings grown on plug trays. Hogi and / or Nakadaiki can be collected by cutting a seedling having a number of 1.5 or less true leaves before flower bud differentiation under the cotyledon. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to grafted seedlings such as vegetable seedlings and flower seedlings, and a method for producing grafted seedlings.

  In recent years, in the agricultural industry, farmers mainly purchase seedlings such as vegetable seedlings and flower seedlings from nurseries to produce vegetables and flower buds. In raising seedlings, grafting is performed for the purpose of increasing yield and strengthening disease resistance (Patent Document 1). Grafts are sold in plug trays or pots. The plug tray has a number of elongated vertical holes formed in one tray, and is standardized by the number of elongated vertical holes. For example, the number of vertical holes is 72 holes, 128 holes, 200 holes, 288 holes, 406 holes, 512 holes, and the like. The pot is a plastic container for growing seedlings one by one, and examples thereof include those having a diameter of 7.5 cm, 9 cm, 10.5 cm, 13.5 cm, and 15 cm.

  Farmers who have purchased the seedlings plant the grafted seedlings on the farm to produce vegetables and flowers. There are two types of planting methods. One is a method of purchasing grafted seedlings grown in pots (referred to as “pot seedlings” in the present application) and planting them directly in the field, and the other is a grafted seedlings grown in a plug tray (in this application, “ This is a method of purchasing a plug seedling), transplanting the plug seedling into a pot, performing secondary growth (secondary seedling), and planting it in a field when it has grown to a desired size.

Japanese Patent No. 3666849

  Since the former method uses seedlings grown to a state where they can be planted, there is a merit that it takes less time to grow seedlings, but there is a demerit that the quality of the seedlings is not known until purchase. If the grafted seedlings that are purchased are chief seedlings or aging seedlings, it is difficult to obtain the seedlings desired by the purchaser (producer), which may take time and labor, and may increase costs. In addition, since pot seedlings grow longer than plug seedlings, they are heavier than plug seedlings, and it is heavy labor to carry them to the field and plant them.

  On the other hand, the latter method has the merit that it is possible to grow seedlings according to the preference of the purchaser (producer) by secondary seedlings, but it is necessary to transplant plug seedlings to pots and grow them before planting in the field. There is a demerit that it takes time and effort compared to pot seedlings. Moreover, although it depends on the field conditions, planting seedlings taken out from the plug tray as they are, there is a possibility that the vigor is strong and the seedlings do not bear fruit or become malformed. Since it is difficult to manage water in the field, transplanting to pots and secondary seedlings in pots are indispensable.

  Moreover, since there is a possibility of suffering from a soil disease after planting in a field, it is desired to propose a grafted seedling that is as resistant to soil disease as possible and its cultivation method. There are various causes of soil diseases such as viruses, bacteria, and filamentous fungi, and there are various diseases such as bacterial wilt disease, wilt disease, half body wilt disease, vine split disease, leaf blight disease, root rot disease, and yellowing disease. .

The present invention has been made in view of the problems described above, and its purpose is to have a size equivalent to that of a plug seedling, but secondary seedling in a pot is unnecessary, and it is possible to plant a plant in the field with the size of the plug seedling. It is possible to provide a grafted seedling that is more resistant to soil diseases than conventional grafted seedlings and a method for producing the grafted seedling.

[Grafted seedlings]
The grafted seedlings of the present invention are grafted seedlings using rootstocks and hogis, and a middle stand having a vascular bundle of rootstocks and / or a vascular bundle narrower than the vascular bundles of rootstocks between rootstocks and hogis The trees are joined.

The grafted seedling is collected from a seedling having a disease resistance or resistance against a soil disease that the rootstock does not have disease resistance or resistance ( a seedling having disease resistance or resistance that the rootstock does not have) as a medium rootstock. It is also possible to join them. As used herein, “disease resistance” refers to a property that may be affected by a soil disease, but to a lesser extent, and “resistance” refers to a property that is not affected by a soil disease. However, even if it is referred to as “resistant”, it does not mean that it is not 100% affected.

The grafted seedling may be a medium rootstock, which is obtained by joining seedlings collected from seedlings that are more resistant to soil diseases than rootstocks. The grafted seedlings may be rootstocks and spikelets collected from tomato seedlings, and middle rootstocks may be collected from eggplant seedlings.

[Grafting seedling production method]
The grafted seedling production method of the present invention is a method for producing grafted seedlings, in which a rootstock vascular bundle and / or a middle rootstock having a vascular bundle narrower than the vascular bundle of the panicle are joined to the rootstock. The method is a method of producing grafted seedlings by joining the above-mentioned hogi to the middle rootstock.

  In the grafted seedling production method, rootstock, hogi and middle rootstock can be collected from seedlings grown on a plug tray.

  In the grafted seedling production method, the hogi and / or the middle rootstock can be collected by cutting a seedling having a number of 1.5 or less true leaves before flower bud differentiation under the cotyledon.

In the grafted seedling production method, as a medium rootstock, a seedling having disease resistance or resistance against a soil disease in which the rootstock does not have disease resistance or resistance ( a seedling having disease resistance or resistance not provided by the rootstock) It is also possible to use those collected from For example, rootstocks are collected from seedlings that are “resistant” to soil diseases A and B, “resistant” to soil diseases C, and “not resistant and disease resistant” to soil diseases D In this case, the case where the rootstock is collected from the seedling “resistant or disease resistant” to the soil disease D corresponds to this.

In the said grafting seedling production method, what was extract | collected from the seedling with strong disease resistance with respect to a soil disease compared with a rootstock can also be used as a middle rootstock. For example, when it is known that a certain variety X is more resistant to soil disease A than other varieties Y, a rootstock collected from the variety Y is joined to a rootstock collected from the variety X This is the case when doing things. It is only necessary that the strength of the disease resistance can be relatively recognized when comparing the rootstock and the middle rootstock. The strength of disease resistance can be based on, for example, the common recognition and public facts of those skilled in the art, and when newly confirmed disease resistance is newly demonstrated in the future, Can be used as a reference.

The grafted seedling and grafted seedling production method of the present invention have the following effects.
(1) Since a rootstock with a vascular bundle that is thinner than the rootstock vascular bundle and / or the handbag transfer bundle is joined between the rootstock and the hogi, supply from the rootstock side to the hogi side The amount of moisture and nutrients to be produced is less than that directly supplied from the rootstock side to the hogi side, and growth on the hogi side can be suppressed. As a result, it is possible to grow seedlings for a long time on the plug tray, and it is possible to obtain grafted seedlings that can be planted as they are in the field while having the same size as the plug seedlings.
(2) Since there is no need to transplant from the plug tray to the pot before planting, the work is easier than the conventional method that requires secondary seedlings.
(3) Depending on the characteristics of the middle rootstock, it is possible to obtain a grafted seedling that is more resistant to diseases such as bacterial wilt (stronger disease resistance) than a grafted seedling in which only the rootstock and the hogi are joined. For example, if a seedling of a certain variety has resistance or disease resistance to a soil disease in which the rootstock does not have resistance or disease resistance, it is collected from a seedling of the variety having the resistance or disease resistance from a medium rootstock By joining together, it is possible to produce grafted seedlings that are less susceptible to soil diseases than conventional grafted seedlings that are simply joined with rootstock and hogi.

The perspective view which shows an example of the graft seedling of this invention. Production process explanatory drawing which shows an example of the grafted seedling production method of this invention. The perspective view which shows an example of a graft clip.

(Embodiment of grafted seedling)
An example of the grafted seedling 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. This grafted seedling 1 is a grafted seedling 1 using a rootstock 2 and a hogi 3, and between the rootstock 2 and the hogi 3, the vascular bundle of the rootstock 2 and / or the vascular bundle of the hogi 3 The middle rootstock 4 having a thin vascular bundle is joined. In this embodiment, a seedling graft seedling 1 using a tomato seedling as the rootstock 2 and the hogi 3 and an eggplant seedling seedling as the middle rootstock 4 is taken as an example. Other seedlings can be used for the rootstock 4 seedlings. For example, seedlings such as Thomas, eggplant, and bell pepper can be used for eggplant crops. More specifically, (1) a combination of a tomato seedling (rootstock 2) and a tomato seedling (middle rootstock 4), (2) a combination of tomato seedling (rootstock 2) and an eggplant seedling (middle rootstock 4), (3) A combination of a tomato seedling (rootstock 2) and a bell pepper seedling (medium rootstock 4) can be used. Said (1) is a combination of tomato seedlings, both of which have different vascular bundle thicknesses (of different varieties). The seedlings of the rootstock 2, the hogi 3, and the middle rootstock 4 can be determined according to the request of the purchaser.

  In the example shown in FIG. 1, the case where one middle rootstock 4 is joined between the rootstock 2 and the earwood 3 is described as an example, but the graft seedling 1 of the present invention is the rootstock 2 and the earstock. Two or more middle rootstocks 4 may be joined between the trees 3. In this case, the types of the two or more middle rootstocks 4 may be the same or different, and the lengths thereof may be the same or different. When two or more intermediate rootstocks 4 are provided, the vascular bundles of all the intermediate rootstocks 4 do not have to be thinner than the vascular bundles of the rootstock 2 and / or the vascular bundles of the panicles. It is only necessary that the vascular bundle is thinner than the vascular bundle of the rootstock 2 and / or the vascular bundle of the hogi 3.

The middle rootstock 4 is collected from a seedling having a disease resistance or resistance against a soil disease that the rootstock 2 does not have a disease resistance or resistance ( a seedling having a disease resistance or resistance that the rootstock does not have). Can also be used. Thus, by using seedlings of varieties having resistance and disease resistance to soil diseases in which the rootstock 2 does not have disease resistance or resistance, the rootstock 2 and the hogi 3 are It is less likely to suffer from soil diseases than just joined.

  The rootstock 2 and the middle rootstock 4 need only have a complementary relationship, and the middle rootstock 4 does not need to be a seedling that is more resistant to soil diseases than the rootstock 2. For example, if rootstock 2 is resistant to soil diseases A, B and C, but has neither resistance nor disease resistance to soil diseases D, middle rootstock 4 is resistant to soil diseases D Since the rootstock 2 can be supplemented if it has resistance or disease resistance, it may not have resistance or disease resistance to other soil diseases A, B and C.

(Embodiment of grafting seedling production method)
An example of the method for producing grafted seedlings of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Here, a case where tomato seedlings are used as rootstock 2 and hogi 3 and eggplant seedlings are used as middle rootstock 4 will be described as an example. The plug tray T used in the method for producing grafted seedlings of the present invention can be of various numbers such as 200 holes or 288 holes.
(1) Preparation of rootstock, hogi and hogi Seed for rootstock 2 and middle rootstock 4 10 to 23 days before, and seed for hogi 3 10 to 19 days before counting from grafting date Are spread on separate plug trays T, and are uniformly covered with vermiculite to give water necessary for germination with a watering machine. The plug tray T is placed in a germinator set at a temperature suitable for germination (20 ° C. to 35 ° C.) for germination, and after confirmation of germination, the plug tray T is moved to a bench for raising seedlings.
(2) Joining of rootstock and middle rootstock When the cotyledon 2a and the first main leaf 2b appear on the seedling that will become the rootstock 2 (before flower bud differentiation), the bottom of the seedling cotyledon 2a for the rootstock 2 is slanted And the lower side of the cut portion (the one with the root) is taken as rootstock 2. Similarly, when the cotyledon 4a and the first main leaf 4b appear on the seedling that will become the middle rootstock 4 (before flower bud differentiation), the two parts under the cotyledon 4a of the seedling for the middle rootstock 4 are cut and Collect rootstock 4. The lower cut surface of the middle rootstock 4 is joined to the cut surface of the collected rootstock 2, and the joint portion is held by the joining clip 5.
(3) Junction of Nakadaigi and Hogi When the cotyledon 3a and the first true leaf 3b appear on the seedling that becomes Hogi 3 (before the flower bud differentiation), obliquely below the cotyledon 3a of the seedling for Hogi 3 The upper side (the one in which the cotyledon 3a grows) is collected as the hogi 3. The collected hogi 3 is joined to the upper cut surface of the middle rootstock 4 joined to the rootstock 2, and the joint portion is held by the joining clip 5.
(4) Curing and growth of grafted seedlings In a curing room in which the grafted seedlings 1 joined by the above (2) and (3) are kept at room temperature 20 ° C. to 30 ° C., humidity 95% or more, and direct sunlight illuminance 20,000 lux or less. Leave for 5 days, raise seedlings for 14 days in a greenhouse maintained at a room temperature of 20 ° C. to 30 ° C., and ship to production farmers.

  The grafting operation is preferably performed when the stem thickness (diameter) of each seedling is about 0.1 mm to 10 mm. In other words, it is preferably performed when the number of true leaves is 1.5 or less before flower bud differentiation. When grafting using a seedling cut at such a timing, the flower bud tissue of the seedling is not destroyed, so an improvement in yield can be expected.

  In the grafting work, a joining clip 5 as shown in FIG. 3 can be used for joining the rootstock 2 and the middle rootstock 4 and joining the middle rootstock 4 and the hogi 3. The joining clip 5 is formed of a transparent resin, the two plate portions 6 are formed in a V shape, and round hole-like vertical grooves 7 are formed in the outer corner portion and the inner corner portion. When the two plate portions 6 are pinched with fingers to approach each other, the longitudinal groove 7 expands. When the approach of the two plate portions 6 is released and restored, the longitudinal groove 7 also returns to the original shape and the diameter of the round hole is increased. Is designed to shrink. When the longitudinal groove 7 is widened, the joining portion of the rootstock 2 and the middle rootstock 4 and the joining portion of the middle rootstock 4 and the hogi 3 are sandwiched in the longitudinal groove 7, and the joining portion is obtained by returning the longitudinal groove 7 to the original position. Hold the pinch. As the dimensions of the joining clip 5, a width of about 7 mm and a height of about 10 mm of the plate portion 6 are suitable. The dimensions are examples, and other dimensions may be used. The resin may not be transparent. For example, a translucent one or an opaque one may be used. If it is transparent, it is convenient because the joining state (grafting state) of the inside seedling can be seen through from the outside. Other grafting clips can be used for grafting.

  Various conditions such as the number of days (days until sowing and the number of days to be cured), temperature, humidity, and illuminance in (1) to (4) are examples, and other conditions may be used. Moreover, the said conditions can be suitably changed according to the kind of the rootstock 2, the hogi 3, and the middle rootstock 4 to be used. In the example shown in FIG. 2, after joining the rootstock 4 to the rootstock 2, the headstock 3 is joined to the middle rootstock 4. The middle rootstock 4 may be joined to the rootstock 2.

  In the example shown in FIG. 2, the case where one middle rootstock 4 is touched is taken as an example, but two or more middle rootstocks 4 can be touched. In this case, it is preferable to use two or more intermediate rootstocks 4 of different varieties. The length of the two or more middle rootstocks 4 may be the same or different. When two or more intermediate rootstocks 4 are provided, the vascular bundles of all intermediate rootstocks 4 need not be thinner than the vascular bundles of rootstock 2 and / or hogi 3, and any one of the intermediate rootstocks 4 It is sufficient that the vascular bundle 4 is thinner than the vascular bundle of the rootstock 2 and / or the vascular bundle of the hogi 3. Two or more intermediate rootstocks 4 (for example, n intermediate rootstocks 4) are: rootstock 2-first intermediate rootstock 4-second intermediate rootstock 4 ... nth intermediate rootstock 4 It is also possible to join them in order from the bottom as described above, or to join all the intermediate rootstocks 4 and the hogi 3 together and join the joined seedlings to the rootstock 2. In this case, the joining clip 5 shown in FIG. 3 can also be used for joining the middle rootstocks 4 to each other.

  The present invention is particularly suitable as a vegetable seedling, a flower seedling, or a production method thereof, but can also be applied as a seedling of a tree such as a fruit tree or a production method thereof.

1 grafted seedling 2 rootstock 2a (rootstock) cotyledon 2b (rootstock) first true leaf 3 hogi 3a (hogi) cotyledon 3b (hogi) first true leaf 4 middle rootstock 4a (medium Rootstock) Cotyledon 4b (Middle rootstock) 1st true leaf 5 Joint clip 6 Plate part 7 Longitudinal groove T Plug tray

Claims (9)

In grafting seedlings using rootstock and hogi,
Between the rootstock and the hogi, the rootstock vascular bundle and / or the middle rootstock with a smaller vascular bundle than the hogi vascular bundle were joined,
Grafted seedlings characterized by that. In the grafted seedling according to claim 1,
Middle rootstock is taken from seedlings with disease resistance or resistance that rootstock does not have ,
Grafted seedlings characterized by that. In the grafted seedling according to claim 1,
Middle rootstock is collected from seedlings that are more resistant to soil diseases than rootstock,
Grafted seedlings characterized by that. In the grafted seedling according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The rootstock and hogi are taken from tomato seedlings, and the middle rootstock is taken from eggplant seedlings,
Grafted seedlings characterized by that. In the method of producing grafted seedlings using rootstock and hogi,
To the rootstock, the rootstock vascular bundle or / and the middle rootstock provided with a vascular bundle narrower than the vascular bundle of the hogi,
Joining the hogi to the middle rootstock to produce grafted seedlings,
A method for producing grafted seedlings, characterized in that. In the grafted seedling production method according to claim 5 ,
Collect rootstock, hogi and middle rootstock from seedlings grown on a plug tray,
A method for producing grafted seedlings, characterized in that. In the grafted seedling production method according to claim 5 or 6 ,
A method for producing grafted seedlings, characterized in that the seedlings are cut and collected under a cotyledon before the flower buds are differentiated. In grafted seedling production method according to any one of claims 7 claims 5,
As a medium rootstock , use what is collected from seedlings with disease resistance or resistance that the rootstock does not have ,
A method for producing grafted seedlings, characterized in that. In grafted seedling production method according to any one of claims 7 claims 5,
As a medium rootstock, use one collected from seedlings that are more resistant to soil diseases than rootstock,
A method for producing grafted seedlings, characterized in that.

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