JP5939253B2 - リチウムイオン二次電池用正極材料、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池用正極材料、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5939253B2 JP5939253B2 JP2013523004A JP2013523004A JP5939253B2 JP 5939253 B2 JP5939253 B2 JP 5939253B2 JP 2013523004 A JP2013523004 A JP 2013523004A JP 2013523004 A JP2013523004 A JP 2013523004A JP 5939253 B2 JP5939253 B2 JP 5939253B2
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- lithium
- peak
- ion secondary
- secondary battery
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 31
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 36
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- -1 LiMnPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
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- MFUVDXOKPBAHMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MFUVDXOKPBAHMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
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- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].BCl Chemical compound [Li].BCl BEKPOUATRPPTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWHFUJOBSRHRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Li].[Mg] Chemical compound [Mg].[Li].[Mg] OWHFUJOBSRHRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOCYQLFVSIEPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Fe].[Li] Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe].[Li] DOCYQLFVSIEPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZYXUQEDFWHDILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Ni].[Mn].[Li] ZYXUQEDFWHDILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOZLFBZFMZKVFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;zinc Chemical compound [Al+3].[Zn+2] ZOZLFBZFMZKVFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- LEGITHRSIRNTQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound OC(O)=O.FC(F)(F)C=C LEGITHRSIRNTQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDMUZCMZJISZQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;3,3-difluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound OC(O)=O.FC(F)C=C BDMUZCMZJISZQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSWJVGHRUSSRDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;3-fluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound OC(O)=O.FCC=C VSWJVGHRUSSRDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- NPLZZSLZTJVZSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);oxalate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O NPLZZSLZTJVZSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanide Chemical class [CH3-] LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
(I)複合体材料に対して測定した赤外吸収スペクトルにおいて、波数域1400cm−1乃至1550cm−1の範囲内にピークが存在する。
(II)複合体材料に対して測定したラマンスペクトルにおいて、波数域1000cm−1乃至1150cm−1の範囲内にピークが存在しない。
更に本発明においては、赤外吸収スペクトル図において、ピーク面積Ap1、Ap2が以下の条件式(2)を満たすことが好ましい。
上述したピーク面積Ap1、Ap2は次のようにして求められるものである。
(実施例1)
ケイ酸鉄リチウム(Li2FeSiO4)結晶と炭素材との複合体材料を以下のように作製した。
(実施例2)
熱処理工程以外は実施例1と同様にして、ケイ酸鉄リチウム(Li2FeSiO4)結晶と炭素材との複合体材料を作製した。熱処理条件は、1体積%の水素を含むアルゴン雰囲気下で700℃、2時間とした。
(実施例3)
鉄の一部をマグネシウムで置換したケイ酸鉄リチウム(Li2(Fe0.9Mg0.1)SiO4)結晶と炭素材との複合体材料を作製した。ケイ酸鉄リチウム原料として硝酸リチウム、硝酸鉄(III)9水和物、TEOS及び硝酸マグネシウム6水和物(Mg(NO3)2・6H2O)を用いた。Li2(Fe0.9Mg0.1)SiO4の化学量論組成となるように秤量した前記ケイ酸鉄リチウム原料を含む水溶液に、硝酸リチウムと等モルのデキストリン(炭素源)を添加した。それ以降は、実施例1と同様に噴霧熱分解工程、粉砕工程、熱処理工程を行った。
(実施例4)
鉄の一部を亜鉛で置換したケイ酸鉄リチウム(Li2(Fe0.9Zn0.1)SiO4)結晶と炭素材との複合体材料を作製した。硝酸マグネシウム6水和物に換えて硝酸亜鉛6水和物(Zn(NO3)2・6H2O)を原料に用い、また炭素源として硝酸リチウムと等モルのアスコルビン酸を用いた。それ以外は実施例3と同様に噴霧熱分解工程、粉砕工程、熱処理工程を行った。
(実施例5)
ケイ酸マンガンリチウム(Li2MnSiO4)結晶と炭素材との複合体材料を以下のように作製した。
(実施例6)
マンガンの一部をマグネシウムで置換したケイ酸マンガンマグネシウムリチウム(Li2(Mn0.9Mg0.1)SiO4)結晶と炭素材との複合体材料を作製した。ケイ酸マンガンリチウム原料として硝酸リチウム、硝酸マンガン6水和物、コロイダルシリカ及び硝酸マグネシウム6水和物を用いた。Li2(Mn0.9Mg0.1)SiO4の化学量論組成となるように秤量した前記ケイ酸マンガンマグネシウムリチウム原料を含む溶液に、炭素源として硝酸リチウムと等モルのデキストリンを添加した。それ以外は実施例5と同様に噴霧熱分解工程、粉砕工程、熱処理工程を行った。
(実施例7)
マンガンの一部を亜鉛で置換したケイ酸マンガン亜鉛リチウム(Li2(Mn0.9Zn0.1)SiO4)結晶と炭素材との複合体材料を作製した。硝酸マグネシウム6水和物に換えて硝酸亜鉛6水和物を原料に用い、また炭素源として硝酸リチウムと等モルのアスコルビン酸を添加した以外は実施例6と同様に噴霧熱分解工程、粉砕工程、熱処理工程を行った。
(実施例8)
マンガンの一部をニッケルで置換したケイ酸マンガンニッケルリチウム(Li2(Mn0.9Ni0.1)SiO4)結晶と炭素材との複合体材料を作製した。硝酸マグネシウム6水和物に換えて硝酸ニッケル(II)6水和物(Ni(NO3)2・6H2O)を原料に用いた以外は、実施例6と同様に噴霧熱分解工程、粉砕工程、熱処理工程を行った。
(実施例9)
マンガンの一部を銅で置換したケイ酸マンガン銅リチウム(Li2(Mn0.9Cu0.1)SiO4)結晶と炭素材との複合体材料を作製した。硝酸マグネシウム6水和物に換えて硝酸銅(II)3水和物(Cu(NO3)2・3H2O)を原料に用いた以外は、実施例6と同様に噴霧熱分解工程、粉砕工程、熱処理工程を行った。
(実施例10)
鉄の一部をマンガンで置換したケイ酸鉄マンガンリチウム(Li2(Mn0.5Fe0.5)SiO4)結晶と炭素材との複合体材料を作製した。硝酸マグネシウム6水和物に換えて硝酸マンガン(II)6水和物を原料に用い、Li2(Mn0.5Fe0.5)SiO4の化学量論組成となるようにした以外は実施例3と同様に噴霧熱分解工程、粉砕工程、熱処理工程を行った。
(比較例1)
従来公知の製法により、ケイ酸鉄リチウム(Li2FeSiO4)結晶と炭素材との複合体材料を作製した。ケイ酸鉄リチウム原料として、硝酸リチウム、硝酸鉄(III)9水和物及びTEOSを用い、Li2FeSiO4の化学量論組成となるように秤量したケイ酸鉄リチウム原料を水に溶解させた。この溶液には炭素源を添加しなかった。
(比較例2)
従来公知の製法により、ケイ酸鉄リチウム(Li2FeSiO4)結晶と炭素材との複合体材料を作製した。
比較例1の第1の熱処理工程を終えたケイ酸鉄リチウム結晶粉末(すなわちグルコースと混合される前の粉末)に対し、炭酸リチウム粉末(純正化学(株)製;99.0%)を混合した混合物を準備した。
(参考例2)
炭酸リチウム粉末(純正化学(株)製;純度99.0%)を準備した。
実施例1〜実施例10、比較例1〜比較例2で作製した試料、及び参考例1で使用したケイ酸鉄リチウムの同定は、粉末X線回折装置((株)リガク製の粉末X線回折装置UltimaII)を用いて行った。X線回折の結果から、実施例1〜実施例10、比較例1〜比較例2で作製した試料、及び参考例1で使用した試料が、それぞれ表1に示した相であることを確認した。
実施例1〜実施例10、比較例1〜比較例2、参考例1〜参考例2について、赤外分光法を用いて、赤外吸収スペクトルの測定を行った。赤外吸収スペクトルの測定は、赤外分光光度計:(株)日本分光製のフーリエ変換赤外分光光度計FT/IR−6200を用い、測定法:KBr錠剤法の透過スペクトル測定、積算回数:100回、分解能:4cm−1にて行った。図5A〜図18Aに赤外吸収スペクトル図を示す。
<ラマンスペクトル>
上記実施例、比較例及び参考例について、ラマン分光法を用いて、ラマンスペクトルの測定を行った。ラマンスペクトルの測定は、ラマン分光光度計:(株)日本分光製のレーザラマン分光光度計NRS−5100を用い、励起波長:532nm、露光時間:15秒〜60秒、積算回数:2回〜20回、対物レンズ:5倍〜100倍、減光器:オープン〜OD1.3にて行った。図5B〜図18Bにラマンスペクトル図を示す。また、表1にラマンスペクトルの波数域1000cm−1乃至1150cm−1の範囲におけるピークの有無を併記する。
<XPSスペクトル>
上記実施例及び比較例について、XPS法を用いて、XPSスペクトルの測定を行った。XPSスペクトルの測定は、X線光電子分光計:(株)島津製作所製のX線光電子分光分析装置ESCA−3400を用いて行った。表1に、XPSスペクトル図から既述のようにして判定したC1sピークにおけるショルダーピークの有無を併記する。
<含有炭素量の測定>
上記実施例及び比較例の含有炭素量を測定した。含有炭素量の測定は、炭素・硫黄分析装置((株)堀場製作所製の炭素・硫黄分析装置EMIA−320V)を用いて行った。表1に含有炭素量(質量%)を併記する。
<放電特性の評価>
上記実施例及び比較例で作製したリチウムケイ酸塩結晶と炭素材との複合体材料である粉末を正極材料として正極を形成し、金属リチウムを負極に用い、非水電解液を電解液に用いて、CR2032型コイン電池を作製した。
図4に、実施例1の粉末を用いた電池の充放電試験を行い、得られた充放電曲線(充電曲線401、放電曲線403)を示す。また、比較例1の粉末を用いた電池の充放電試験を行い、得られた充放電曲線(充電曲線431、放電曲線433)を図4に併記する。
201 本発明に係るラマンスペクトル
211 炭酸リチウムのラマンスペクトル
301 本発明に係るXPSスペクトルのC1sピーク
313 本発明に係るショルダーピーク
401 実施例1の充電曲線
403 実施例1の放電曲線
431 比較例1の充電曲線
433 比較例1の放電曲線
Claims (6)
- リチウムケイ酸塩結晶と炭素材との複合体材料を含み、
当該複合体材料の赤外吸収スペクトルが波数域1400cm−1乃至1550cm−1の範囲内にピークを有し、且つ、当該複合体材料のラマンスペクトルが波数域1000cm−1乃至1150cm−1の範囲内にピ−クを有していないことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用正極材料。 - 前記赤外吸収スペクトルを示す赤外吸収スペクトル図において、
波数1400cm−1における吸光度に相当する点と波数1550cm−1における吸光度に相当する点とを第1の直線で結び、前記第1の直線と赤外吸収スペクトルを示す線とで囲まれた範囲の面積をAp1とし、
波数800cm−1における吸光度に相当する点と波数1100cm−1における吸光度に相当する点とを第2の直線で結び、前記第2の直線と前記赤外吸収スペクトルを示す線とで囲まれた範囲の面積をAp2とした時に、
0.02<Ap1/Ap2が成立することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極材料。 - 前記複合体材料のXPSスペクトルのC1sのピークが、SP2ピーク及びSP3ピークよりも高エネルギーに位置するショルダーピークを有することを特徴とする請求項1又2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極材料。
- 前記複合体材料が、前記炭素材中に前記リチウムケイ酸塩結晶が島状に点在する海島構造を呈することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池用正極材料。
- 集電体と、当該集電体上に設けられ、請求項1乃至4の何れかに記載の正極材料及び結合材を含む正極層とを有することを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池用正極。
- 請求項5に記載の正極と、負極と、セパレータと非水電解液とを有することを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。
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