JP5934077B2 - Method for manufacturing continuous crop obstacle avoidance material, continuous crop fault avoidance material, and continuous crop fault avoidance method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material, a continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material, and a continuous cropping failure avoiding method that suppress crop cropping continuous cropping failures.

  In Patent Document 1, there is no problem in terms of safety and hygiene, and there is no problem in terms of safety and hygiene, which has the effect of preventing various troubles caused by soil by spraying or pouring on soil where continuous cropping has occurred. A soil treatment agent for controlling plant crop damage is described, which is an agent, wherein activated carbon is dispersed in water using a dispersant.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-19958

In general, there are four categories of crop cropping disturbance factors. First, it is caused by pests that infect soil. Second, it is due to the deterioration of the physicochemical properties of the soil. Third, it is due to toxins secreted by plant roots. Fourth, it is unknown.
Since the first and second factors are clear, countermeasures are easy. For the third factor, many items of fruit trees are applicable, and in vegetables, toxins are specified in peas. For the fourth factor, taro and peas are representative vegetables.

Here, it is difficult to remove toxins in the soil. The only solution is to plant other items that are not sensitive to toxins for several years and wait for the toxin to disappear. In other words, until the toxin disappears, crop producers are forced to bear a great burden other than changing the cultivated land every year.
On the other hand, there is an idea that the harm of toxins should be considered in relation to soil biota. If the soil microflora is rich, interference with toxins and detoxification are expected. However, there has been no effective material for activating microorganisms in the soil.

  An object of this invention is to provide the manufacturing method of the continuous cropping obstacle avoidance material which suppresses the continuous cropping failure of a crop, the continuous cropping failure avoidance material, and the continuous cropping failure avoidance method.

According to the first aspect of the present invention that meets the above-described object, a method for producing a continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material is obtained by adding a seaweed mixed solution comprising an organic acid , seaweed extract and brewed vinegar to a concentrated liquid obtained by concentrating a liquid portion separated from a shochu distillation residue. In addition to mixing, including a mixing step to produce a mixture,
The pH of the mixed solution is adjusted to a range of 2.5 to 4.0 with the organic acid.

In the manufacturing method of the continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material according to the first invention,
In the mixing step, iron fulvic acid may be further added.

In the manufacturing method of the continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material according to the first invention,
A leaving step of leaving the mixed solution generated by the mixing step for a predetermined time;
A filtration step of filtering the mixed solution left in the leaving step.

  The continuous failure avoidance method according to the second aspect of the present invention that meets the above-mentioned object is obtained by diluting the continuous failure prevention material manufactured by the method for manufacturing the continuous failure prevention material according to the first invention with water, and 0.1 to 0 of nitrogen. A dilution containing 5% by weight is produced and the dilution is applied to the soil.

The continuous crop obstruction avoiding material according to the third invention that meets the above-mentioned object is a concentrated liquid obtained by concentrating the liquid part separated from the shochu distillation residue,
Containing 0.5-4.5% by weight of Chisso, 1.0-3.0% by weight of organic acid , 0.5-1.0% by weight of seaweed mixed solution consisting of seaweed extract and brewed vinegar , Avoid continuous cropping problems.

The continuous crop obstruction avoiding material according to the fourth invention that meets the above-mentioned purpose is a concentrated liquid obtained by concentrating the liquid part separated from the shochu distillation residue,
0.5 to 4.5% by weight of nitrogen, 1.0 to 3.0% by weight of organic acid, 0.5 to 1.0% by weight of seaweed mixed solution consisting of seaweed extract and brewed vinegar, and iron fulvic acid Containing 0.5 to 1.0% by weight to avoid crop cropping problems.

  According to the present invention, crop cropping failures are suppressed.

It is process drawing which shows the manufacturing method of the continuous cropping obstacle avoidance material which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. It is a photograph which shows the growth state of each section in the experiment which clarifies the appropriate processing density of the same cropping obstacle avoidance material. It is a photograph which shows the result about the gray lowland soil of Experimental example 2, Comprising: (A), (B) is a photograph of an untreated area and a treated area, respectively. It is a photograph which shows the result about the gravel-dominant soil of Experimental example 2, Comprising: (A), (B) is a photograph of an untreated area and a treated area, respectively.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings for understanding of the present invention. In each drawing, portions not related to the description may be omitted.

The continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material according to one embodiment of the present invention can suppress cropping continuous cropping failures. The crops are, for example, taros and peas in which continuous cropping disorders appear prominently.
As shown in Table 1, the continuous crop obstruction avoiding material contains a concentrated solution obtained by concentrating a liquid portion separated from shochu (an example of a shochu distillation residue), an organic acid, and a seaweed mixed solution.
The concentrate contains chisso, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium as main fertilizer components.
The seaweed mixture consists of ground seaweed (seaweed extract) and brewed vinegar.
In addition, as shown in Table 2, the continuous crop failure avoiding material may further contain fulvic iron acid.

  Shochu is a distillation residue produced in the distillation process of shochu. The raw material and manufacturing method of shochu may be arbitrary.

Here, when the continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material is treated (injected) into the soil, it is expected that if it is too thin, it will not be effective, and if it is too thick, it will damage the crop. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the proper concentration of treatment. In this case, the shochu produced cannot be shown in a uniform dilution factor because the amount of water varies depending on the product.
On the other hand, the content ratio of the components contained in the continuous cropping obstacle avoidance material is almost constant, and focusing on a specific component and clarifying its treatment concentration, other components will be treated in the same state. Become.

Therefore, the inventors have focused on the nitrogen of the concentrated solution, and clarified the appropriate degree of dilution of the processing solution using the concentration as an index. That is, the concentration range in which the growth of the crop is superior to that of the conventional cultivation that does not use the continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material that uses the concentrated solution of shochu as a raw material was regarded as the appropriate degree of dilution.
In the following, we will investigate the effects of differences in the treatment concentration of continuous crop avoidance materials on the growth of crops, and will explain experiments that clarify the appropriate treatment concentration. The experimental conditions are as follows.

<Experimental conditions>
1. Experiment period: Early April 2012 2. Experiment place: Miyazaki, Miyazaki city, Sadohara

A pot with a volume of about 0.5 liter was filled with commercially available soil, and a plurality of sections consisting of four pots were provided. Dilute the continuous crop obstruction avoidance material with tap water so that the nitrogen concentration is 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.6% by weight. Each liquid was produced. Each dilution is treated in each zone so that the entire soil is moistened, and 0.05 wt%, 0.1 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 0.6 wt%, respectively. % Ward.
Moreover, the section which processed the liquid adjusted so that the chisso concentration might be 0.5 weight% using normal fertilizer and tap water was provided, and this section was made into the control section.

On April 11, 7th day after the treatment, 2 seeds of Komatsuna were sown in each pot. After investigating the germination situation on April 17th, 6th day after sowing, the seeds were thinned out to 1 strain in each pot. On May 1, the 20th day after sowing, the stock weight and the like were investigated.
FIG. 2 shows the state of April 29th.

  The experimental results are shown in Table 3.

(1) In the control group and 0.05 wt% group, 0.1 wt% group, 0.3 wt% group, and 0.5 wt% group, all 8 seeded seeds germinated. On the other hand, in the 0.6 wt% section, 2 pots did not germinate and the remaining 2 pots germinated only one grain at a time.

(2) Looking at the status of the stock on May 1, the weight per share for the 0.1% by weight, 0.3% by weight, and 0.5% by weight groups compared to the control group Was big.
On the other hand, the growth in the 0.05 wt% group was inferior to the control group. In addition, in the 0.6% by weight group, it was clear that not only the germination failure was caused, but also the weight of the germinated strain was small and the treatment concentration was too high.

  From the above results, it has become clear that the continuous crop obstruction avoiding material should be diluted with water so that the diluted solution has a nitrogen concentration of 0.1 to 0.5% by weight.

  Therefore, in order to use the above-mentioned continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material as a method of avoiding the continuous cropping failure, a dilution liquid containing 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of nitrogen is diluted by diluting the continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material with water. The continuous cropping failure is suppressed by producing and treating (diluting) this diluted solution with soil.

  The concentrated solution of shochu contains a large amount of inorganic substances other than nitrogen, organic acids, etc., and the overall action of these components is considered to be the cause of the results of Experimental Examples 1 to 4 described later. The presence of this overall effect is that the 0.1% and 0.3% by weight groups grow better than the control group even though the amount of nitrogen applied was lower than the control group. It is guessed from.

Next, a method for producing a continuous crop failure avoiding material using shochu as a raw material will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the continuous crop failure avoidance material is manufactured through a solid-liquid separation step S1, a concentration step S2, a mixing step S3, a leaving step S4, and a filtration step S5.
The solid-liquid separation step S1 is a step for separating the shochu into a liquid part and a dehydrated cake.
For example, a screw decanter centrifuge is used as the solid-liquid separator.

The concentration step S2 is a step of concentrating the liquid part separated in the solid-liquid separation step S1 to generate a concentrated liquid. By the concentration step S2, the liquid part is concentrated to, for example, 1/5 to 1/7, and a concentrated liquid having a water content of 50 to 70% by weight and a pH of about 4.0 is generated.
In addition, it is also possible to regard this concentrate as a raw material for the continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material.
As the concentrator, for example, a forced circulation type concentrator is used.

The mixing step S3 is a step of generating a mixed solution by adding and mixing an organic acid to the concentrated solution. By adding the organic acid, the pH of the mixed solution is adjusted to a range of, for example, 2.5 to 4.0. By adding an organic acid to the concentrate, it is possible to improve the storage stability of the continuous crop failure avoidance material.
In addition, in the mixing step S3, a seaweed mixed solution consisting of ground seaweed (seaweed extract) and brewed vinegar is further added. By adding the seaweed mixed solution to the concentrate, the pH of the continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material is stabilized.
In the mixing step S3, iron fulvic acid may be further added. By adding iron fulvic acid to the concentrate, iron as a nutrient is supplied to the crop.

The leaving step S4 is a step in which the liquid mixture generated in the mixing step S3 is left for a predetermined time.
Although the standing time is arbitrary, it is preferable to promote fermentation of the mixed solution by, for example, leaving it for 20 to 30 days.

  The filtration step S5 is a step of filtering the left mixed liquid. The filtrate which passed through this process S5 becomes a continuous cropping obstacle avoidance material. The continuous crop obstacle avoiding material is packed in a container and shipped.

  Next, an experimental example for confirming the effect of the continuous cropping obstacle avoidance material will be shown, and the continuous cropping failure avoidance material will be further described.

(Experimental example 1)
A dilution solution of a continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material containing 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of nitrogen was sprayed on the soil, and the effect of preventing the continuous cropping failure of taro and peas in which the continuous cropping failure was remarkable was confirmed. The experimental conditions are as follows.

<Experimental conditions>
1. Experiment period: From the beginning of March 2012 to the end of July2. 2. Test items: taro and pea Experiment place: Sadohara-cho, Miyazaki-shi, Miyazaki

Both items were cultivated in the previous year and used the soil of the field transferred from the farmer, and an untreated section where the diluent was not treated and a treated section where the diluent was treated were respectively tested. Furthermore, the soil with no previous history of the same item was used, and a district without a previous history in which the diluted solution was not treated was provided.
Each ward is composed of 5 bowls for taro and 10 strains for peas.
Dilution treatment is 7 days prior to planting for both items. For the untreated district and the district without previous history, water and nitrogen corresponding to the treated district were supplemented with tap water and normal fertilizer.

The taro was cultivated in a pot with a capacity of 10 liters, seeds were planted on March 3, and harvested on July 30.
Peas were grown in pots with a volume of 1 liter, sowed on April 2 and examined for growth on May 17.

The results of experiments on taro and pea are as follows.
1. About taro As shown in Table 4, the district with no previous history changed in a general form of grass in the cultivation of the same period, and the yield was also at a general level.
In contrast, the untreated group had poor growth and extremely small leaves. The yield was low and it was 36% of the weight of the previous history. On the other hand, the treated area was the same as the no-history area in terms of grass and yield.

2. About Peas As shown in Table 5, the vine length of the section without history was 30 cm or more in all strains, and the average was 37.4 cm.
On the other hand, all the strains in the untreated group had poor growth immediately after germination, and the two strains died within 10 to 13 days after germination. The vine length of the strain that did not die was 12.7 cm, which was about 1/3 of the previous history. On the other hand, the treatment group, like the no history group, has a vine length of 30 cm or more, and the average was 37.0 cm.

In other words, in the untreated area, a remarkable continuous cropping disorder was observed for both items.
On the other hand, continuous cropping failure was not observed in the treated area, and it was confirmed that these items grew in the same way as soil with no previous cultivation history.
For peas, the experiment was completed without waiting for the harvest, but in addition to the fact that continuous cropping failures of peas usually occur at the very early stage of growth, we confirmed dead plants in the untreated area. It seems that the experiment period was sufficient.

(Experimental example 2)
It was confirmed by visual observation that the soil microorganisms were activated by treating the dilution of the continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material. The experimental conditions are as follows.

<Experimental conditions>
1. Experiment period: Early April 2012 2. Experiment place: Miyazaki, Miyazaki city, Sadohara

  Using gray lowland soil (a typical soil in the coastal area of Japan) that contains a lot of clay and gravel-based soil that does not contain clay, each soil is the same as the untreated district that does not treat the dilution solution of the consecutive crop avoidance material. A treatment section for treating the diluted solution was provided. For the untreated area, water and nitrogen corresponding to the treated area were supplemented with tap water and normal fertilizer. The experiment period was 10 days.

The results of the experiment are shown in FIGS.
1. About the untreated zone In the untreated zone, the generation of mycelium was not observed in the gray lowland soil and gravel-dominant soil (see FIGS. 3A and 4A, respectively).

2. About the treated area In the treated area, the mycelium of microorganisms was remarkably generated from the day after the treatment in both the gray lowland soil and gravelly soil. (Refer to FIG. 3B and FIG. 4B, respectively). This state was the same until the experiment was terminated.

  Gray lowland soils and gravel-dominant soils are very contrasting in terms of physicochemical properties, and can be considered to be located in both poles among soils that can be classified into many types. In the soil located in the two poles, the mycelia of the microorganisms were remarkably generated, and it became clear that the continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material activates the microorganisms of the soil regardless of the type of soil.

(Experimental example 3)
The effect of continuous crop obstacle avoidance material was improved. The experimental conditions are as follows.

<Experimental conditions>
1. Experiment period: From the beginning of March 2012 to the end of June2. Experiment location: Miyazaki Prefecture, Miyazaki City, Sadohara Town (a field with gray lowland soil)

In the potato cultivation field, there were provided a non-treated section where the diluted solution of the continuous crop failure avoiding material was not treated and a treated section where the diluted solution was treated. For each section, soil hardness and three-phase distribution were investigated. Dilution treatment was performed 7 days before potato planting. For the non-treated area, water and nitrogen corresponding to the treated area were supplemented with tap water and normal fertilizer.
As shown in Table 6, the soil before the treatment was in a general state of a vegetable cultivation field. The soil surface hardness was 4.3 mm and the three-phase distribution was approximately 3: 3: 3. The porosity was about 68%.

The experimental results are shown in Table 7. The timing of the measurement is when the potato is harvested (on the 112th day after the treatment with the diluted solution).
1. About the untreated area The soil in the untreated area showed a tight condition and increased hardness. In addition, regarding the three-phase distribution of the untreated soil, the gas phase decreased significantly, the liquid phase also decreased, and the porosity became about 45%.

2. About the treated area The soil in the treated area was softer than before the treated area. That is, the soil hardness of the treated area decreased. In addition, regarding the three-phase distribution of the soil in the treated area, both the gas phase and the liquid phase increased, and the porosity reached about 80%.

Microorganisms are activated and hyphae grow in the soil treated with continuous cropping obstacle avoidance material. In various experiments, we observed that mycelia aggregated and aggregated soil, so we conducted experiments with the idea that we could prevent soil agglomeration, which is a problem in cultivated fields. It was.
As a result, in the untreated zone, the soil contracts with the progress of the cultivation period. On the other hand, in the treated area, the soil was softer than the condition before the treatment, and it became clear that the continuous crop failure avoiding material was effective in improving the physical properties of the soil.

(Experimental example 4)
It was observed that fruit crops and root crops have an effect of promoting crop growth to prevent cropping. In addition, we confirmed an increase in crop yield due to this effect. The experimental conditions are as follows.

<Experimental conditions>
1. Experiment period: From the beginning of March 2012 to the end of July2. Test items: peppers (an example of fruit vegetables) and potatoes (an example of root vegetables)
3. Experiment location: Miyazaki Prefecture, Miyazaki City, Sadohara Town (a field with gray lowland soil)

There were provided a non-treated section where the diluted solution of the continuous crop obstacle avoiding material was not treated and a treated section where the diluted solution was treated. Peppers and potatoes were planted in each section, and the growth was observed and the yield was investigated.
The bell peppers were sown on March 12 and raised, and then planted on April 30 and harvested from May 25 to July 31.
The potatoes were planted with seed pods on March 15 and harvested on June 29.
In addition, the day which processed the dilution liquid is 7 days before planting both a bell pepper and a potato. In the untreated area, water and nitrogen corresponding to the treated area were supplemented with tap water and normal fertilizer. The number of test stocks is 10 for both items.

Table 8 shows the experimental results. The survey date of the plant height is July 31 when the harvest is terminated for the bell pepper and June 29 is the harvest date for the potato.
Both green peppers and potatoes were larger in the treated area than the untreated area, and the plant height was higher.

Regarding the yield of peppers, the number of harvested fruits in the treated area was higher than that in the untreated area. Along with this, the numerical value of fruit weight was also high, increasing by 27%.
Regarding the potato yield, the number of treated potatoes was higher than that of the untreated potatoes. Along with this, the value of potato weight was also high, an increase of 36%.

  That is, by treating the dilution solution of the continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material, both peppers and potatoes showed a large grass shape, and a significant increase in sales was recognized. The reason is considered to be the activity of useful microorganisms in the root zone or the ease of root elongation due to soil softening. In addition, shochu itself (condensate of shochu itself), which is a raw material for continuous crop failure avoidance materials, contains many amino acids, organic acids, enzymes, etc., and direct effects due to these are also conceivable.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and modifications can be made without changing the gist of the present invention. For example, a case where the invention is configured by combining some or all of the above-described embodiments and modifications is also included in the technical scope of the present invention.

In addition, the continuous cropping obstacle avoiding material may not contain the seaweed mixed solution.
The crop is not limited to the crop shown in each experimental example (for example, taro and pea).

Claims (6)

Including a mixing step of adding and mixing an organic acid and seaweed mixed solution composed of seaweed extract and brewed vinegar to the concentrated liquid obtained by concentrating the liquid portion separated from the shochu distillation residue,
The manufacturing method of the continuous cropping obstacle avoidance material with which the pH of the said liquid mixture is adjusted to the range of 2.5-4.0 with the said organic acid. In the manufacturing method of the continuous cropping obstacle avoidance material according to claim 1 ,
A method for producing a continuous crop failure avoiding material, wherein iron fulvic acid is further added in the mixing step. In the manufacturing method of the continuous cropping obstacle avoidance material according to claim 1 or 2 ,
A leaving step of leaving the mixed solution generated by the mixing step for a predetermined time;
And a filtration step of filtering the mixed solution left in the leaving step. A dilution solution containing 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of nitrogen is obtained by diluting the continuous failure prevention material produced by the method for producing a continuous production failure avoidance material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 with water. A method for avoiding continuous cropping troubles, which is produced and treated with the diluted solution on soil. Using the concentrated liquid obtained by concentrating the liquid part separated from the shochu distillation residue,
Containing 0.5-4.5% by weight of Chisso, 1.0-3.0% by weight of organic acid , 0.5-1.0% by weight of seaweed mixed solution consisting of seaweed extract and brewed vinegar , Continuous crop failure avoidance material that avoids continuous crop failures. Using the concentrated liquid obtained by concentrating the liquid part separated from the shochu distillation residue,
0.5 to 4.5% by weight of nitrogen, 1.0 to 3.0% by weight of organic acid, 0.5 to 1.0% by weight of seaweed mixed solution consisting of seaweed extract and brewed vinegar, and iron fulvic acid Continuous crop failure avoidance material containing 0.5 to 1.0% by weight and avoiding crop continuous crop failure.