JP5932227B2 - Fuel injector for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Fuel injector for internal combustion engines Download PDF

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JP5932227B2
JP5932227B2 JP2011042889A JP2011042889A JP5932227B2 JP 5932227 B2 JP5932227 B2 JP 5932227B2 JP 2011042889 A JP2011042889 A JP 2011042889A JP 2011042889 A JP2011042889 A JP 2011042889A JP 5932227 B2 JP5932227 B2 JP 5932227B2
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group
inner opening
recess
open position
fuel injector
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JP2011236887A (en
JP2011236887A5 (en
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ミオッティ ピエルパオロ
ミオッティ ピエルパオロ
イルディリム ターハン
イルディリム ターハン
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Winterthur Gas and Diesel AG
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Winterthur Gas and Diesel AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/042—The valves being provided with fuel passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/06—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves being furnished at seated ends with pintle or plug shaped extensions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/10—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type
    • F02M61/12—Other injectors with elongated valve bodies, i.e. of needle-valve type characterised by the provision of guiding or centring means for valve bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • F02M61/182—Discharge orifices being situated in different transversal planes with respect to valve member direction of movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1873—Valve seats or member ends having circumferential grooves or ridges, e.g. toroidal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/06—Fuel-injection apparatus having means for preventing coking, e.g. of fuel injector discharge orifices or valve needles

Description

本発明は、内燃機関のための燃料噴射機に関する。本発明は、特に船舶の推進のための内燃機関等の大型の２ストローク内燃機関のための燃料噴射機に関する。
より詳細には、本発明は、請求項１の前文に記載の燃料噴射機に関する。燃料噴射機は、ハウジングと、ハウジングの下端部に固定される弁案内部と、弁案内部の下端部に固定され複数のノズル孔を備える噴霧器と、弁案内部の弁座と協動する弁部を有するスピンドルと、スピンドルが閉鎖位置にある場合にノズル孔と連通して容積を低減すべく噴霧器の長手方向腔内に延びる切り欠き要素とを備える。 The present invention relates to a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine. The present invention relates to a fuel injector for a large two-stroke internal combustion engine such as an internal combustion engine for propulsion of a ship.
More particularly, the invention relates to a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1. A fuel injector includes a housing, a valve guide portion fixed to a lower end portion of the housing, a sprayer fixed to the lower end portion of the valve guide portion and having a plurality of nozzle holes, and a valve that cooperates with a valve seat of the valve guide portion And a notch element extending into the longitudinal cavity of the sprayer to reduce the volume in communication with the nozzle bore when the spindle is in the closed position.

特許文献１は、請求項１の前文による燃料噴射機を開示する。噴霧器のノズル孔の入口開口部は、軸方向に離間して位置される第１の列及び第２の列に並べられ、円筒状シール部によって相互に分離される。噴霧器の長手方向腔内に延びる切り欠き要素は、下方の列の入口開口部を開閉すべく位置される第１の円筒状区域と、弁スピンドルが閉じられた場合に上方の列の入口開口部を閉じるために二次的弁座と協動する第２の円筒状区域とを有する。   Patent Document 1 discloses a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1. The inlet openings of the nozzle holes of the sprayer are arranged in a first row and a second row that are spaced apart in the axial direction and are separated from each other by a cylindrical seal portion. A notch element extending into the longitudinal cavity of the nebulizer includes a first cylindrical section positioned to open and close the lower row of inlet openings, and the upper row of inlet openings when the valve spindle is closed. And a second cylindrical section that cooperates with the secondary valve seat to close.

弁スピンドルが開放される場合に、下方の列の入口開口部には、切り欠き要素の中央部ダクトを通過して流れる燃料が供給され、上方の列の入口開口部には、噴霧孔の内壁及び切り欠き要素の外側表面間に形成される環状流路を流れる燃料が供給される。   When the valve spindle is opened, the lower row of inlet openings is supplied with fuel flowing through the central duct of the notch element, and the upper row of inlet openings contains the inner walls of the spray holes. And a fuel flowing through an annular channel formed between the outer surfaces of the notch elements.

特許文献２は、燃料のための第１の出口開口部及び第２の出口開口部が設けられたノズル本体と、ノズル本体に形成されるニードル弁孔内を摺動自在なニードル弁とを備える燃料噴射機を開示する。ニードル弁孔は、弁のニードルが係合可能な座を形成するような形状とされ、チャンバへの燃料の流れを制御する。弁のニードルには、チャンバ、並びに第１の出口開口部と連通する第１の環状凹部と連通する流路が設けられる。座から離間して第１の燃料噴射位置内に至る弁のニードルの運動により、チャンバは第１の環状凹部と連通し、これにより、燃料は第１の出口開口部を通して搬送され、座から離間して第２の燃料噴射位置内に至る弁のニードルの運動により、チャンバ内の燃料は第２の出口開口部を通して搬送用の流路を流れる。   Patent Document 2 includes a nozzle body provided with a first outlet opening and a second outlet opening for fuel, and a needle valve slidable in a needle valve hole formed in the nozzle body. A fuel injector is disclosed. The needle valve hole is shaped to form a seat with which the valve needle can engage and controls the flow of fuel to the chamber. The valve needle is provided with a flow path in communication with the chamber and a first annular recess in communication with the first outlet opening. The movement of the valve needle away from the seat and into the first fuel injection position causes the chamber to communicate with the first annular recess so that fuel is conveyed through the first outlet opening and away from the seat. As a result of the movement of the valve needle reaching the second fuel injection position, the fuel in the chamber flows through the second outlet opening through the transport passage.

国際公開第２００８／０７１１８７号パンフレットInternational Publication No. 2008/071187 Pamphlet 欧州特許出願公開第１３８０７５０号明細書European Patent Application No. 1380750

特にＮＯｘ及び高炭素（ＨＣ）粒子等の排出に関する更なる要件や制限により、ＨＣ排出の大きな原因である袋用量をゼロとし、噴射口を開閉することにより熱開放を最適化すべく投与量を変更することができる２ストロークエンジンの噴射装置が要求される。   In particular, due to further requirements and restrictions on the emission of NOx and high carbon (HC) particles, etc., the dose is changed to optimize heat release by opening and closing the injection port with zero bag dose, which is a major cause of HC emission. There is a need for a two-stroke engine injector that can do this.

本発明の課題は、噴霧器内を摺動しノズル孔及び弁壁間の付加的な容積を設けることなく噴射口の開閉を直接制御するニードルと組み合わされる新規な摺動噴射弁を提供することにあり、噴霧器の噴射口を段階的に開放することにより、投与量を変更可能である。   An object of the present invention is to provide a novel sliding injection valve combined with a needle that slides in a sprayer and directly controls opening and closing of an injection port without providing an additional volume between a nozzle hole and a valve wall. Yes, the dose can be changed by opening the spray port of the sprayer step by step.

本発明において、この課題は添付の特許請求の範囲に定義されるような燃料噴射機によって解決される。   In the present invention, this problem is solved by a fuel injector as defined in the appended claims.

本発明による第１の実施例における噴射機の端部を示す軸方向断面図。FIG. 3 is an axial sectional view showing an end portion of the injector in the first embodiment according to the present invention. 図１の矢印ＩＩによって示される部分を、図２乃至４の３つの異なる位置にて示す軸方向断面図。FIG. 5 is an axial sectional view showing the part indicated by the arrow II in FIG. 1 at three different positions in FIGS. 図１の矢印ＩＩによって示される部分を、図２乃至４の３つの異なる位置にて示す軸方向断面図。FIG. 5 is an axial sectional view showing the part indicated by the arrow II in FIG. 1 at three different positions in FIGS. 図１の矢印ＩＩによって示される部分を、図２乃至４の３つの異なる位置にて示す軸方向断面図。FIG. 5 is an axial sectional view showing the part indicated by the arrow II in FIG. 1 at three different positions in FIGS. 本発明による第２の実施例における噴射機の端部を示す軸方向断面図。The axial direction sectional view which shows the edge part of the injector in 2nd Example by this invention. 図１の矢印ＶＩによって示される部分を、図６乃至８の３つの異なる位置にて示す軸方向断面図。FIG. 9 is an axial sectional view showing the part indicated by the arrow VI in FIG. 1 at three different positions in FIGS. 図１の矢印ＶＩによって示される部分を、図６乃至８の３つの異なる位置にて示す軸方向断面図。FIG. 9 is an axial sectional view showing the part indicated by the arrow VI in FIG. 1 at three different positions in FIGS. 図１の矢印ＶＩによって示される部分を、図６乃至８の３つの異なる位置にて示す軸方向断面図。FIG. 9 is an axial sectional view showing the part indicated by the arrow VI in FIG. 1 at three different positions in FIGS. 別例において、図１の矢印ＶＩによって示される部分を、図９乃至１１の３つの異なる位置にて示す軸方向断面図。FIG. 12 is an axial sectional view showing, in another example, the portion indicated by arrow VI in FIG. 1 at three different positions in FIGS. 別例において、図１の矢印ＶＩによって示される部分を、図９乃至１１の３つの異なる位置にて示す軸方向断面図。FIG. 12 is an axial sectional view showing, in another example, the portion indicated by arrow VI in FIG. 1 at three different positions in FIGS. 別例において、図１の矢印ＶＩによって示される部分を、図９乃至１１の３つの異なる位置にて示す軸方向断面図。FIG. 12 is an axial sectional view showing, in another example, the portion indicated by arrow VI in FIG. 1 at three different positions in FIGS.

本発明の特徴及び効果は、添付の図面を参照して後述する非制限的例の詳細な説明により明らかとなるであろう。
図１において、参照符号１０は、本発明によるディーゼルエンジンの燃料噴射機の端部を示す。噴射機１０は、エンジンの頭部に形成される長尺状をなす腔内に取り付けられることを意図される。 The features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes an end of a fuel injector of a diesel engine according to the present invention. The injector 10 is intended to be installed in a long cavity formed in the head of the engine.

噴射機１０は、長尺状をなす案内腔１４を有する弁案内部１２を備える。チャンバ１６が案内腔１４の下端部に形成される。チャンバ１６は、燃料供給ダクト１８と連通する。
円錐状弁座２０が弁案内部１２のチャンバ１６の底端部に設けられる。短いダクト２２は、弁座２０を下方に延び、弁案内部１２の前方面２４に開放する。 The injector 10 includes a valve guide portion 12 having a long guide cavity 14. A chamber 16 is formed at the lower end of the guide cavity 14. The chamber 16 communicates with the fuel supply duct 18.
A conical valve seat 20 is provided at the bottom end of the chamber 16 of the valve guide 12. The short duct 22 extends downward through the valve seat 20 and opens to the front surface 24 of the valve guide 12.

噴霧器２６が弁案内部１２の下端部に固定される。噴霧器２６は、耐食材料から形成されるか耐食材料によってコーティングされる円筒体２８を有する。円筒体２８は、閉鎖される底端部３０を有する。噴霧器２６の上方前方面３２は、前方にて弁案内部１２の前方面２４に当接する。噴霧器２６の円形の上方フランジ３４は、弁案内部１２の底部円筒面３６と係合する。上下方向ピン３８は、弁案内部１２の開口部及び噴霧器２６の開口部に面し、相互に係合し、噴霧器２６を弁案内部１２に対して固定された角度位置に配置する。噴霧器２６は、保持要素（図示しない）によって弁案内部１２に固定される。   The sprayer 26 is fixed to the lower end of the valve guide 12. The nebulizer 26 has a cylindrical body 28 formed from or coated with a corrosion resistant material. The cylindrical body 28 has a bottom end 30 that is closed. The upper front surface 32 of the sprayer 26 abuts the front surface 24 of the valve guide portion 12 in the front. The circular upper flange 34 of the sprayer 26 engages the bottom cylindrical surface 36 of the valve guide 12. The vertical pins 38 face the opening of the valve guide 12 and the opening of the sprayer 26, engage with each other, and place the sprayer 26 at a fixed angular position with respect to the valve guide 12. The sprayer 26 is fixed to the valve guide 12 by a holding element (not shown).

後述する明細書及び特許請求の範囲において、用語「上方」、「下方」、「上側」、「下側」等は、噴射機１０の通常の使用における位置を示し、噴射機１０は、噴霧器２６の底部において上下方向に配向される。   In the specification and claims to be described later, the terms “upper”, “lower”, “upper”, “lower”, etc. indicate the position of the injector 10 in normal use. It is oriented in the vertical direction at the bottom.

噴霧器２６は、その底端部にて閉じられる長手方向腔４０を有する。長手方向腔４０の上端部は、短いダクト２２及び弁座２０を通してチャンバ１６と連通する。複数のノズル孔４２’、４２”が、円筒体２８を通して形成される。ノズル孔４２’、４２”はそれぞれ長手方向腔４０内に面する内側開口部４４’、４４”を有し、外側開口部４６’、４６”は、噴霧器２６の外側表面に開放する。   The nebulizer 26 has a longitudinal cavity 40 that is closed at its bottom end. The upper end of the longitudinal cavity 40 communicates with the chamber 16 through the short duct 22 and the valve seat 20. A plurality of nozzle holes 42 ′, 42 ″ are formed through the cylindrical body 28. The nozzle holes 42 ′, 42 ″ each have an inner opening 44 ′, 44 ″ facing into the longitudinal cavity 40 and have an outer opening. Portions 46 ′, 46 ″ open to the outer surface of the nebulizer 26.

図１に、スピンドル４８がスピンドル４８の長手方向軸Ａと一致する方向に沿って弁案内部１２内に移動可能であることを示す。スピンドル４８は、弁案内部１２の長尺状をなす案内腔１４に摺動自在に係合する円筒部５０を有する。スピンドル４８は、弁案内部１２の円錐状弁座２０と協動する円錐状弁部５２を有する。   FIG. 1 shows that the spindle 48 is movable into the valve guide 12 along a direction that coincides with the longitudinal axis A of the spindle 48. The spindle 48 has a cylindrical portion 50 that is slidably engaged with the elongated guide cavity 14 of the valve guide portion 12. The spindle 48 has a conical valve portion 52 that cooperates with the conical valve seat 20 of the valve guide 12.

スピンドル４８は、スピンドルを閉鎖位置（図１に示す）、並びに第１の開放位置及び第２の開放位置間にて移動させる弾性アクチュエータ（図示しない）によって制御される。   The spindle 48 is controlled by an elastic actuator (not shown) that moves the spindle between a closed position (shown in FIG. 1) and between a first open position and a second open position.

スピンドル４８は、弁部５２の下方に同軸上を、噴霧器２６の長手方向腔４０内に延びる切り欠き要素５４を備える。切り欠き要素５４は、スピンドル４８の残りの部分に固定されるか、残りの部分と一体的に形成される。   The spindle 48 includes a notch element 54 that extends coaxially below the valve portion 52 and into the longitudinal cavity 40 of the nebulizer 26. The notch element 54 is fixed to the remaining part of the spindle 48 or is formed integrally with the remaining part.

切り欠き要素５４の下端部は、長手方向腔４０の円筒状シール面５８と機密に接触して係合する円筒状シール部５６を有する。切り欠き要素５４は、横断方向穴６２を介して円筒状シール面５８の上側に位置される長手方向腔４０の上方領域６４と連通する中央部ダクト６０を有する。中央部ダクト６０は、更に底部開口部６６を通して下方円筒状シール面５８の下方に位置される長手方向腔４０の下方領域７０と連通する。   The lower end of the notch element 54 has a cylindrical seal 56 that contacts and engages the cylindrical seal surface 58 of the longitudinal cavity 40 in a secret manner. The notch element 54 has a central duct 60 that communicates with the upper region 64 of the longitudinal cavity 40 located above the cylindrical sealing surface 58 via a transverse hole 62. The central duct 60 further communicates with the lower region 70 of the longitudinal cavity 40 located below the lower cylindrical sealing surface 58 through the bottom opening 66.

長手方向腔４０の上方領域６４において、環状ダクト７１が、長手方向腔４０の内側表面及び切り欠き要素５４の外側表面間に形成される。切り欠き要素５４の横断方向穴６２は、環状ダクト７１と連通する。   In the upper region 64 of the longitudinal cavity 40, an annular duct 71 is formed between the inner surface of the longitudinal cavity 40 and the outer surface of the notch element 54. The transverse hole 62 of the notch element 54 communicates with the annular duct 71.

図２、３、及び４はそれぞれスピンドル４８の閉鎖位置、第１の開放位置、及び第２の開放位置に対応する位置における切り欠き要素を示す。
ノズル孔４２’、４２”の内側開口部４４’、４４”は、周方向にて相互に並べられるか、略並べられる。内側開口部は、第１の群４４’及び第２の群４４”に分けられる。第１の群は長手方向Ａにて長尺状をなし且つ長手方向腔４０の円筒状シール面５８に形成される浅い凹部７２に位置される少なくとも１つの開口部４４’を含む。凹部７２はそれぞれ内側開口部４４’の下方を延びる下端部を有する。第２の群の内側開口部は、円筒状シール面５８に開放する。図２乃至４に示すように複数の凹部７２が設けられる場合に、この凹部７２の軸方向部分は、異なってもよい。 2, 3 and 4 show the notch elements in positions corresponding to the closed position of the spindle 48, the first open position and the second open position, respectively.
The inner openings 44 ′, 44 ″ of the nozzle holes 42 ′, 42 ″ are aligned or substantially aligned with each other in the circumferential direction. The inner opening is divided into a first group 44 ′ and a second group 44 ″. The first group is elongated in the longitudinal direction A and is formed in the cylindrical sealing surface 58 of the longitudinal cavity 40. At least one opening 44 'positioned in the shallow recess 72. Each recess 72 has a lower end extending below the inner opening 44'. The second group of inner openings is a cylindrical seal. It opens to the surface 58. In the case where a plurality of recesses 72 are provided as shown in Figures 2 to 4, the axial portions of the recesses 72 may be different.

図２に示す閉鎖位置において、切り欠き要素５４の円筒状シール部５６の下端部は、凹部７２の下端部を下方に延びる。この位置において、切り欠き要素５４の円筒状シール部５６は、全ての内側開口部４４’、４４”、及び下方領域７０又は環状ダクト７１の間の連通を遮断する。   In the closed position shown in FIG. 2, the lower end portion of the cylindrical seal portion 56 of the notch element 54 extends downward from the lower end portion of the recess 72. In this position, the cylindrical seal 56 of the notch element 54 blocks communication between all the inner openings 44 ′, 44 ″ and the lower region 70 or the annular duct 71.

図３に示す第１の開放位置において、切り欠き要素５４の円筒状シール部５６の下端部は、凹部７２の少なくとも１つを横断して内側開口部４４’、４４”の下端部を下方に延びる。この位置において、下方領域７０及び部分的に暴露される凹部７２間は連通する。圧力下の燃料は、中央部ダクト６０を通過し、部分的に暴露される凹部７２と連通するノズル孔４２’を通して噴射される。   In the first open position shown in FIG. 3, the lower end of the cylindrical seal portion 56 of the notch element 54 crosses at least one of the recesses 72 and the lower end of the inner openings 44 ′, 44 ″ downward. In this position, there is communication between the lower region 70 and the partially exposed recess 72. The fuel under pressure passes through the central duct 60 and communicates with the partially exposed recess 72. Injected through 42 '.

図４に示す第２の開放位置において、切り欠き要素５４の円筒状シール部５６の下端部は、内側開口部４４’、４４”の上端部の上側に延びる。この位置において、ノズル孔４２は、下方領域７０と連通する。全てのノズル孔４２’、４２”には、加圧された燃料が同時に供給される。   In the second open position shown in FIG. 4, the lower end of the cylindrical seal portion 56 of the notch element 54 extends above the upper end of the inner openings 44 ′, 44 ″. , Communicated with the lower region 70. Pressurized fuel is simultaneously supplied to all the nozzle holes 42 ', 42 ".

図５に第２の実施例を示す。上述したものに対応する要素は、同じ参照符号によって示される。
第２の実施例において、少なくとも２つのノズル孔４２’、４２”はそれぞれ長手方向軸Ａに平行な方向にて相互に離間して設けられる内側開口部４４’、４４”、及び外側開口部４６’、４６”を有する。内側開口部４４’、４４”は、噴霧器２６の円筒状シール面５８に形成される。切り欠き要素の円筒状シール部５６は、長手方向腔４０の円筒状シール面５８と機密に接触して協動する上方シール部７６及び下方シール部７８を相互に分離する環状溝７４を有する。 FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment. Elements corresponding to those described above are indicated by the same reference numerals.
In the second embodiment, at least two nozzle holes 42 ′, 42 ″ are provided with inner openings 44 ′, 44 ″ and outer openings 46 that are spaced apart from each other in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis A, respectively. ', 46 ". Inner openings 44', 44" are formed in the cylindrical sealing surface 58 of the nebulizer 26. The cylindrical seal 56 of the notch element has an annular groove 74 that separates the upper seal 76 and the lower seal 78 from each other in contact with the cylindrical seal surface 58 of the longitudinal cavity 40 in secret contact.

図６に示す閉鎖位置において、下方シール部７８は、下方内側開口部４４’の下方に位置され、上方シール部は、上方内側開口部４４”の、少なくとも部分的に上側に位置される。この位置において、全てのノズル孔４２’、４２”は閉じられる。   In the closed position shown in FIG. 6, the lower seal 78 is positioned below the lower inner opening 44 ′ and the upper seal is positioned at least partially above the upper inner opening 44 ″. In position, all nozzle holes 42 ', 42 "are closed.

図７に示す第１の開放位置において、下方シール部７８は、下方及び上方内側開口部４４’、４４”間に位置され、上方シール部は、上方内側開口部４４”の、少なくとも部分的に上側に位置され、円筒状シール面５８に機密に接触する。この位置において、圧力下の燃料は、中央部ダクト６０を通過して、下方領域７０と連通する下方ノズル孔４２’を通して噴射される。   In the first open position shown in FIG. 7, the lower seal 78 is positioned between the lower and upper inner openings 44 ', 44 "and the upper seal is at least partly of the upper inner opening 44". Located on the upper side, it contacts the cylindrical sealing surface 58 secretly. In this position, fuel under pressure passes through the central duct 60 and is injected through a lower nozzle hole 42 ′ that communicates with the lower region 70.

図８に示す第２の開放位置において、下方シール部７８は、下方及び上方内側開口部４４’、４４”間に位置され、上方シール部は、円筒状シール面５８の上側に位置される。環状溝７４は、上方内側開口部４４”及び円筒状シール面５８の上端部の間の位置である。この位置において、圧力下の燃料は、中央部ダクト６０を通過し、下方領域７０と連通する下方ノズル孔４２’を通して噴射される。圧力下の燃料は更に環状ダクト７１を通過し、上方ノズル孔４２”を通して噴射される。   In the second open position shown in FIG. 8, the lower seal 78 is positioned between the lower and upper inner openings 44 ′, 44 ″, and the upper seal is positioned above the cylindrical seal surface 58. The annular groove 74 is a position between the upper inner opening 44 ″ and the upper end of the cylindrical sealing surface 58. In this position, fuel under pressure is injected through a lower nozzle hole 42 ′ that passes through the central duct 60 and communicates with the lower region 70. The fuel under pressure further passes through the annular duct 71 and is injected through the upper nozzle hole 42 ".

図９、１０、及び１１に別例を示す。この例においても、長手方向軸Ａに平行な方向にて相互に離間して設けられる内側開口部４４’、４４”、及び外側開口部４６’、４６”をそれぞれ有する少なくとも２つのノズル孔４２’、４２”が設けられる。切り欠き要素５４は、長手方向腔４０の円筒状シール面５８とその下端部８０まで連続して機密に接触する円筒状シール部５６を有する。   Another example is shown in FIGS. Also in this example, at least two nozzle holes 42 ′ each having an inner opening 44 ′, 44 ″ and an outer opening 46 ′, 46 ″, which are spaced apart from each other in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis A, are provided. , 42 ″. The notch element 54 has a cylindrical sealing surface 56 in continuous contact with the cylindrical sealing surface 58 of the longitudinal cavity 40 and its lower end 80.

図９に示すこの閉鎖位置において、切り欠き要素の下端部８０は、下方内側開口部４４’の下方に位置され、全てのノズル孔４２’、４２”は閉じられる。
図１０に示すこの第１の開放位置において、下端部８０は、下方及び上方内側開口部４４’、４４”間に位置される。この位置において、圧力下の燃料は中央部ダクト６０を通過し、下方領域７０と連通する下方ノズル孔４２’を通して噴射される。 In this closed position shown in FIG. 9, the lower end 80 of the notch element is located below the lower inner opening 44 ′ and all the nozzle holes 42 ′, 42 ″ are closed.
In this first open position shown in FIG. 10, the lower end 80 is located between the lower and upper inner openings 44 ′, 44 ″. In this position, fuel under pressure passes through the central duct 60. Injected through the lower nozzle hole 42 ′ communicating with the lower region 70.

図１１に示すこの第２の開放位置において、下端部８０は、上方内側開口部４４”の上側に位置される。この位置において、圧力下の燃料は中央部ダクト６０を通過し、下方領域７０と連通する全てのノズル孔４２’、４２”を通して噴射される。   In this second open position shown in FIG. 11, the lower end 80 is positioned above the upper inner opening 44 ″. In this position, fuel under pressure passes through the central duct 60 and passes through the lower region 70. The nozzles are injected through all nozzle holes 42 ', 42 "communicating with each other.

本発明による解決策により、燃料を節約し、噴射速度を制御し、これにより燃焼室の熱解放を制御し、ＮＯｘ形成を低減し、ＨＣ排出を低減することができる。
ここで開示される解決策は、ノズル孔開閉を直接制御し、負荷や意図される噴射速度、あるいは熱解放に応じて噴射断面積（ノズル領域）を容易に制御することができる。 The solution according to the invention saves fuel and controls the injection speed, thereby controlling the heat release of the combustion chamber, reducing NOx formation and reducing HC emissions.
The solution disclosed here can directly control the opening and closing of the nozzle hole, and can easily control the injection cross section (nozzle region) according to the load, the intended injection speed, or the heat release.

２列以上のノズル孔を備えた解決策において、低いエネルギー負荷にて燃料が１つ以上の噴射口を含む第１の列の穴を通して噴射される。より高い負荷にて、ニードルストロークは、第２の（連続した）工程において、上昇させる必要があり、これにより更なる（第２の）列、即ち階層の穴を通して更に噴射が可能となる。ニードルストロークの速度及び工程を制御することにより、より高い負荷にて熱解放を制御可能である。   In a solution with more than one row of nozzle holes, fuel is injected through a first row of holes containing one or more injection holes at a low energy load. At higher loads, the needle stroke needs to be raised in the second (continuous) step, which allows further injection through a further (second) row, ie the holes in the hierarchy. By controlling the speed and process of the needle stroke, the heat release can be controlled at higher loads.

更に、略一列のノズル孔を備えた解決策により、容易に設計が可能となり、摺動領域におけるニードルの案内が改良される。この例において、１つ以上の噴射口が凹部内に位置され、これによりニードルストロークに応じて第１の複数の穴を通して噴射が可能である。ニードルストロークを更に上昇させることにより、全ての孔を通して噴射が可能となる。更なる適応性を得るべく凹部は、異なる高さに形成されてもよい。   Furthermore, the solution with a substantially single row of nozzle holes allows easy design and improves the guidance of the needle in the sliding area. In this example, one or more injection ports are located in the recess, allowing injection through the first plurality of holes in response to the needle stroke. By further increasing the needle stroke, it is possible to inject through all the holes. The recesses may be formed at different heights for further flexibility.

Claims (6)

長手方向の案内腔（１４）、及び弁座（２０）が設けられるチャンバ（１６）を有する弁案内部（１２）であって、該チャンバ（１６）は、燃料供給ダクト（１８）に連結される、弁案内部（１２）と、
該弁案内部（１２）の下端部に固定される噴霧器（２６）であって、同噴霧器（２６）は、該弁座（２０）を介してチャンバ（１６）と連通する長手方向腔（４０）を有し、該噴霧器（２６）は長手方向腔（４０）内に面する内側開口部（４４’、４４”）を有する複数のノズル孔（４２’、４２”）を有し、該内側開口部（４４’、４４”）は、第１の群（４４’）と第２の群（４４”）とに分けられる、噴霧器（２６）と、
該弁座（２０）と協動する弁部（５２）及び噴霧器（２６）の長手方向腔（４０）内に延びる切り欠き要素（５４）を有する軸方向に移動可能なスピンドル（４８）とを備え、該切り欠き要素（５４）は、長手方向腔（４０）の円筒状シール面（５８）と機密に接触する円筒状シール部（５６）、並びに円筒状シール面（５８）の上方及び下方にそれぞれ位置される長手方向腔（４０）の上方領域（６４）及び下方領域（７０）の間を連通させる中央部ダクト（６０）を有し、上方領域（６４）において環状ダクト（７１）が長手方向腔（４０）の内側表面及び切り欠き要素（５４）の外側表面の間に設けられ、
スピンドルは、閉鎖位置、並びに第１の開放位置及び第２の開放位置の間を移動自在であり、スピンドル（４８）の閉鎖位置において切り欠き要素（５４）の円筒状シール面（５８）は全ての内側開口部（４４’、４４”）及び下方領域（７０）間の連通を遮断し、第１の開放位置において第１の群の内側開口部（４４’）は下方領域（７０）と連通し、切り欠き要素（５４）の円筒状シール部（５６）は第２の群の内側開口部（４４”）及び下方領域（７０）間の連通を遮断し、第２の開放位置において第１の群の内側開口部（４４’）及び第２の群の内側開口部（４４”）は下方領域（７０）と連通する内燃機関の燃料噴射機であって、
前記第１の群の内側開口部（４４’）及び第２の群の内側開口部（４４”）は、周方向に沿って並べられ、第１の群の内側開口部（４４’）は、長手軸方向（Ａ）に延びるとともに前記長手方向腔（４０）の前記円筒状シール面（５８）に形成される浅い凹部（７２）に位置される少なくとも１つの内側開口部（４４’）を含むことを特徴とする内燃機関の燃料噴射機。 Longitudinal direction of the guide bore (14), and a valve seat (20) the valve guide portion having a chamber (16) which is provided (12), said chamber (16) is connected to a fuel supply duct (18) A valve guide (12) ;
A valve guide portion sprayer is fixed to the lower end of (12) (26), said nebulizer (26), the longitudinal bore (40 communicating with the chamber (16) through the valve seat (20) ) have a, atomiser (26) is an inner opening facing the longitudinal bore (40) in (44 ', 44') a plurality of nozzle holes (42 'having, 42 ") have a, inner opening (44 ', 44 "), the first group (44' and) a second group (44" Ru is divided into a), and the atomizer (26),
An axially movable spindle (48) having a valve portion (52) cooperating with the valve seat (20) and a notch element (54) extending into the longitudinal cavity (40) of the sprayer (26). The notch element (54) includes a cylindrical seal portion (56) that contacts the cylindrical seal surface (58) of the longitudinal cavity (40) in a secret manner, and above and below the cylindrical seal surface (58). have a central duct for communicating (60) between the upper region (64) and a lower region (70) of the longitudinal bore being located respectively (40), the annular duct (71) is in the upper region (64) et provided between the outer surface of the inner surface and the cutout element of longitudinal bore (40) (54) and,
Spindle, closed position, and movable der between the first open position and a second open position is, the cylindrical sealing surface of the notch element in the closed position of the spindle (48) (54) (58) The communication between all the inner openings (44 ', 44 ") and the lower region (70 ) is cut off, and in the first open position, the first group of inner openings (44') is connected to the lower region (70). communicating, cylindrical sealing portion of the notch element (54) (56) blocks the communication between the inner opening of the second group (44 ") and a lower region (70), first in the second open position The first group of inner openings (44 ') and the second group of inner openings (44 ") are internal combustion engine fuel injectors in communication with the lower region (70 ) ,
The inner opening (44 ′) of the first group and the inner opening (44 ″) of the second group are arranged along the circumferential direction, and the inner opening (44 ′) of the first group is Includes at least one inner opening (44 ') extending in the longitudinal direction (A) and located in a shallow recess (72) formed in the cylindrical sealing surface (58) of the longitudinal cavity (40). fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine, wherein a call. 前記凹部（７２）は、同凹部（７２）に対応する前記内側開口部（４４’）の下方に延びる下端部を有することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料噴射機。 Said recess (72), the fuel injector according to claim 1, characterized that you have a lower end extending below the inner opening corresponding to the recess (72) (44 '). 前記凹部（７２）は複数設けられ、該複数の凹部（７２）は互いに異なる軸方向の長さを有し、該複数の凹部（７２）の各々に対し、前記第１の群の前記内側開口部（４４’）のうちの１つが開口するように配置されることを特徴とする請求項２に記載の燃料噴射機。 Said recess (72) is provided with a plurality of recesses of the plurality of (72) possess different axial length to each other, for each of the recesses of the plurality of (72), said inner opening of said first group 3. The fuel injector according to claim 2, wherein one of the parts (44 ') is arranged to open . 前記閉鎖位置において、前記切り欠き要素（５４）の円筒状シール部（５６）の下端部は、前記凹部（７２）の下端部の下方に延びることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料噴射機。 In the closed position, the lower end of the cylindrical sealing portion (56) of the notch element (54) according to claim 1, wherein the Turkey extends below the lower end of the recess (72) Fuel injector. 前記第１の開放位置において、前記切り欠き要素（５４）の前記円筒状シール部（５６）の下端部は、前記少なくとも１つの凹部（７２）を横断して前記内側開口部（４４’、４４”）の前記下端部の下方に延びることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料噴射機。 In the first open position, the lower end of the cylindrical seal (56) of the notch element (54) traverses the at least one recess (72) and the inner openings (44 ', 44). fuel injector according to claim 1, characterized that you extending below the lower end of the "). 前記第２の開放位置において、前記切り欠き要素（５４）の前記円筒状シール部（５６）の前記下端部は、前記内側開口部（４４’、４４”）の上端部の上方に延びることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料噴射機。  In the second open position, the lower end of the cylindrical seal portion (56) of the notch element (54) extends above the upper end of the inner opening (44 ', 44 "). The fuel injector according to claim 1, wherein
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EP2386745A1 (en) 2011-11-16
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DK2386745T3 (en) 2013-03-04
CN102242684A (en) 2011-11-16

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