JP5877784B2 - 免疫障害を治療する方法 - Google Patents
免疫障害を治療する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5877784B2 JP5877784B2 JP2012503833A JP2012503833A JP5877784B2 JP 5877784 B2 JP5877784 B2 JP 5877784B2 JP 2012503833 A JP2012503833 A JP 2012503833A JP 2012503833 A JP2012503833 A JP 2012503833A JP 5877784 B2 JP5877784 B2 JP 5877784B2
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Description
(i)対象から造血性前駆細胞集団を取り出すステップと、
(ii)細胞集団をmFLCに結合する抗体で処置するステップと、
(iii)ステップ(ii)からの処置済み細胞集団を対象に移植するステップと
を含んでなる、対象において自己造血細胞を移植する方法をさらに提供する。
特に断りのない限り、本明細書で使用される全ての技術および科学用語は、(例えば免疫学、免疫組織化学、細胞培養、分子遺伝学、タンパク質化学、および生化学分野の)当業者によって一般に理解されるのと同じ意味を有するものとする。
本発明者らは今や初めて、膜結合遊離軽鎖が形質細胞前駆体表面で発現されることを示した。mFLCに対する抗体は、ADCC、補体依存性溶解、抗体依存性の細胞の食作用、およびアポトーシスなどの機序を通じて、形質細胞前駆体を死滅させることができ、したがってB細胞仲介性免疫障害に対する効果的な治療薬であろう。さらにmFLC対する抗体は、細胞毒を形質細胞前駆体に直接送達するのに使用し得る。
mFLCエピトープに対するモノクローナル抗体は、当業者によって容易に作成され得る。ハイブリドーマによってモノクローナル抗体を作成する一般方法は、良く知られている。細胞融合によって、またBリンパ球の発がん性DNAによる直接形質移入またはエプスタイン・バーウイルスによる形質転換などのその他の技術によって、不死の抗体産生細胞系統を作り出し得る。mFLCエピトープに対して作成されたモノクローナル抗体のパネルは、様々な特性について、すなわちアイソタイプおよびエピトープ親和性についてスクリーンし得る。
本発明の別の好ましい実施態様では、抗mFLC抗体はヒト化され、すなわち分子モデル化技術によって生成される抗体は、例えばラット、ウサギまたはマウスの親抗体の可変部に帰属される結合親和力の損失はわずかまたは皆無でありながら、抗体のヒト含有量が最大化される。
(a)少なくともIg重鎖または軽鎖の可変領域をコードするDNA配列と作動的に連結する、適切なプロモーターを含む第1の複製可能な発現ベクターを調製するステップと;
(b)少なくとも相補的Ig軽鎖または重鎖の可変領域をそれぞれコードするDNA配列と作動的に連結する適切なプロモーターを組む第2の複製可能な発現ベクターを調製するステップと;
(c)第1のまたは双方の調製されたベクターを用いて細胞系を形質転換するステップと;
(d)前記形質転換された細胞系を培養して、前記改変抗体を生成するステップと
を含んでなる方法によって調製されてもよく、可変領域は、ヒト抗体からのフレームワーク領域と、本発明のヒト化抗体に必要とされるCDRとを含んでなる。
抗体をコードする遺伝子、軽鎖および重鎖遺伝子の双方、または例えば一本鎖Fv領域などのその一部は、ハイブリドーマ細胞系からクローンされてもよい。それらは全て、同じ一般的ストラテジーを使用してクローンされてもよい。典型的に、例えばプライマーとしてランダム六量体を使用して、ハイブリドーマ細胞から抽出されたポリ(A)+mRNAが逆転写される。Fv領域では、VHおよびVL領域が2つのポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)によって別々に増幅される。重鎖配列は、それぞれ抗mFLC重鎖のアミノ末端タンパク質配列に従って設計された5’末端プライマー、およびコンセンサス免疫グロブリン定常部配列に従った3’末端プライマーを使用して増幅されてもよい(Kabat et al.,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest.5th edition.U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,Public Health Service,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,Md.(1991))。軽鎖Fv領域は、抗mFLC軽鎖のアミノ末端タンパク質配列に従って設計された5’末端プライマーをプライマーC−κと組み合わせて使用して、増幅される。当業者は、多数の適切なプライマーを用いてFv領域を得てもよいことを認識するであろう。
一実施態様では、mFLCに結合する抗体は抗KMA抗体である。例えば抗体は、K121またはaK121様抗体であってもよい。K121は、ヒト遊離κ軽鎖と、κ−タイプ骨髄腫細胞の表面に発現する抗原とを特異的に認識するマウスのモノクローナル抗体(mAb)である。この抗原は、κ骨髄腫抗原またはKMAと呼ばれている(Boux,HA. et al.,1983)。KMAは、細胞膜上のアクチンと非共有結合した状態で発現される遊離κ軽鎖からなることが確立されている(Goodnow et al.,1985)。
本発明の一実施態様では、mFLCに結合する抗体は抗LMA抗体である。本明細書で使用する場合、「LMA」という用語は、λ−タイプ免疫グロブリンに由来する軽鎖に相当するあらゆる遊離λ軽鎖を包含する。したがって本用語は、それらの可変部配列が異なり得る一連のλ軽鎖ポリペプチドを包含する。
本発明で使用するための適切な細胞毒性部分としては、細菌または植物毒素などの作用物質;例えばシクロホスファミド(CTX;cytoxan)、クロランブシル(CHL;leukeran)、シスプラチン(CisP;CDDP;platinol)、ブスルファン(myleran)、メルファラン、カルムスチン(BCNU)、ストレプトゾトシン、トリエチレンメラミン(TEM)、マイトマイシンC、およびその他のアルキル化剤などの薬剤;メトトレキサート(MTX)、エトポシド(VP−16;vepesid)、6−メルカプトプリン(6MP)、6−チオグアニン(6TG)、シタラビン(Ara−C)、5−フルオロウラシル(5FU)、ダカルバジン(DTIC)、2−クロロデオキシアデノシン(2−CdA)、およびその他の代謝拮抗薬;アクチノマイシンD、ドキソルビシン(DXR;adriamycin)、ダウノルビシン(daunomycin)、ブレオマイシン、ミトラマイシンをはじめとする抗生物質ならびにその他の抗生物質;ビンクリスチン(VCR)、ビンブラスチンなどのアルカロイド;ならびにデキサメタゾン(DEX;decadron)などの細胞分裂阻害剤グルココルチコイド、およびプレドニゾンなどのコルチコステロイド、ヒドロキシ尿素などのヌクレオチド酵素阻害剤などをはじめとするその他の抗がん剤が挙げられるがこれに限定されるものではない。
本発明の方法は、自己免疫障害、炎症性疾患、および敗血症などのB細胞仲介性免疫障害の治療または予防に有用である。当業者は、B細胞仲介性免疫障害がB細胞悪性腫瘍を含まないことを理解するであろう。
mFLCに結合する抗体はまた、遊離軽鎖を発現する形質細胞前駆体を検出する、生体外および生体内の双方における診断用途のためにも有用である。生体外診断法としては、細胞の免疫組織学的検出が挙げられる。免疫組織化学的技術は、mFLCに結合する抗体がある組織標本などの生物学的標本を染色し、次に抗原抗体複合体として、その抗原と複合体形成した抗体の存在を検出することを伴う。このような標本との抗原抗体複合体の形成は、組織中における遊離軽鎖を発現する形質細胞前駆体の存在を示唆する。標本上の抗体の検出は、例えば免疫ペルオキシダーゼ染色技術、またはアビジン−ビオチン技術、または免疫蛍光技術のような免疫酵素などの技術分野で知られている技術を使用して達成し得る。(例えばCiocca et al.,”Immunohistochemical Techniques Using Monoclonal Antibodies”,Methods Enzymol,121:562−79,1986、およびKimball,(ed),Introduction to Immunology(2.sub.nd Ed),pp.113−117(MacmillanPub.Co.,1986)を参照されたい)。
1.IL−21、抗CD40、および抗IgMの併用、または2.ホルマリン固定黄色ブドウ球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)細菌(SAC)の2つの異なるプロトコルを使用して、B細胞に由来するCD19+末梢血を生体外で活性化した。
生体外活性化系で得られた結果を考えて、発明者らは類似タイプの細胞が生体内でKMAを発現するかどうかを判定した。FACSによって、ヒト扁桃からの単核細胞をB細胞マーカーCD19、CD38、およびCD45と共に、KMA発現について分析した。
CD19+末梢血B細胞をAustralian Red Crossから得られた供血者サンプルから単離した。末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)を単離する密度勾配遠心分離に続いて、磁性MicroBeadsとMACS分離システムまたはautoMACS Pro装置(Miltenyi Biotec、Germany)を使用して、CD19+細胞を精製した。IL−21(1μg/mL;Invitrogen、USA)、抗CD40抗体(10μg/mL;R & D Systems、USA)、および抗IgM抗体(50μg/mL;Sigma−Aldrich、USA)抗体を含有する培地内において、37℃、5%CO2で6〜7日間培養してCD19+細胞を活性化した。
表現型および形態学的分析は、KMAおよびLMAが未成熟形質細胞の正常な形質芽球のサブセット上でmFLCとして発現されることを実証した。これらの細胞型は、抗体分泌細胞の機能的にユニークな亜集団に相当する(Shapiro−Shelef et al.,2005)。
4.1増殖アッセイ
細胞成長に適した培地および条件で、mFLCに結合する様々な濃度の抗体と共に、細胞をインキュベートする。一例として、5%ウシ胎仔血清添加RPMI 1640培地中において、37℃で1時間〜4日間の様々な期間にわたり細胞と共に抗体をインキュベートしてもよい。細胞単独と比較した抗体処置細胞の増殖状態は、細胞集団の代謝健康を測定する試薬を使用して測定される。このような1つの試薬はMTS溶液(Promega、USA)であり、それは代謝的に活性の細胞によってホルマザンに転換される。この転換には490nmでの吸光度発生が伴っており、それは吸光度読み取り機器を使用して測定し得る。
細胞成長に適した培地および条件で、様々な濃度の抗体と共に細胞をインキュベートする。例えば、5%ウシ胎仔血清添加RPMI 1640培地中において37℃で4時間にわたり、細胞を様々な濃度の抗体と共にインキュベートする。細胞単独と比較した抗体処置細胞のアポトーシスの状態をアネキシン−V−FITC(フルオレセインイソチオシアネート)またはヨウ化プロピジウム(PI)試薬およびフローサイトメトリーを使用して調査する。アネキシン−Vは負に帯電したリン脂質ホスファチジルセリン(PS)に結合し、それはアポトーシス初期段階において、細胞膜の細胞質側から細胞表面側の単分子層に再分配される。壊死細胞はPIによって検出される。フローサイトメトリーはPIおよびFITC蛍光を測定できるようにし、したがってアポトーシスおよび壊死細胞を識別できるようにする。
上述したような細胞成長に適した培地および条件で、様々な濃度の抗体および架橋試薬と共に細胞をインキュベートする。架橋試薬は抗体調製品であり、それは細胞を標的とするのに使用される抗体に結合する。例えば抗KMAまたは抗LMA抗体がヒトIgG1であれば、架橋抗体はヒトIgG1に対して特異的なポリクローナル調製品である。抗体架橋は、抗体の直接細胞毒性効果を増強することが知られている。上述の増殖およびアポトーシスアッセイ法を使用して、標的細胞増殖に対する抗体架橋の影響を測定する。
5.1抗体依存性細胞傷害(ADCC)
ADCCアッセイで使用されるエフェクター細胞は、末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)調製品、またはPMBC調製品中に含有されるナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞または単球などの特異的細胞集団のどちらかである。PBMCsはFicoll密度勾配を使用して血液から単離される。血液をFicollに重ねて勾配を遠心分離し、PBMCを勾配境界面から収集する。
ADCDアッセイでは、食作用エフェクター細胞を生体外で発生させる。磁性標識抗体カクテルおよびautoMACS Pro装置(Miltenyi Biotec、Germany)の使用によって、非単球細胞を除去することで、PMBC調製品を使用して単球を単離する。精製された単球は、単球をマクロファージに培養して分化させるのに適した培地内で生体外培養される。
標的細胞は、細胞成長をサポートする条件下において、補体(精製補体またはヒト血清含有補体のどちらか)および抗体の存在下でインキュベートする。例えば標的細胞は、10%ウシ胎仔血清添加RPMI中で、補体および抗体の存在下、37℃で30分〜12時間にわたりインキュベートしてもよい。アッセイ終点で、細胞の溶解程度または細胞の代謝状態(細胞成長を反映する)を測定する。細胞溶解は、上の5.1節に記載される方法を使用して測定される。細胞の代謝状態はAlamar Blue(Invitrogen、USA)などの試薬を使用して測定される。Alamar Blueの添加後、補体および抗体処置細胞混合物中で検出される蛍光は、生存細胞数に比例する。
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Claims (14)
- 対象における多発性硬化症、関節リウマチ、シェーグレン症候群および全身性紅斑性狼瘡の治療または予防において使用するための、膜結合遊離軽鎖(mFLC)に結合する抗体を有効量含む組成物。
- 前記抗体が形質細胞前駆体上のmFLCに結合する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗体が細胞毒性部分または生物反応修飾物質に共役する、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 前記細胞毒性部分が、毒素、化学療法剤、または放射性薬剤である、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 前記細胞毒性部分が、細胞毒性ポリペプチドをコードする核酸分子である、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 前記生物反応修飾物質が、リンフォカイン、サイトカインまたはインターフェロンである、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗体がKMAまたはLMAに結合する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗体がKMAに結合する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗体がK121様抗体である、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗体が、配列番号1に記載のVH領域および配列番号2に記載のVL領域を含んでなり、またはκ骨髄腫抗原(KMA)への結合について、前記配列番号1に記載のVH領域および前記配列番号2に記載のVL領域を有する抗体と競合する、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗体がLMAに結合する、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 対象における自己造血細胞移植において使用するための、mFLCに結合する抗体を含む組成物であって、前記自己造血細胞移植が、
(i)対象から造血性前駆細胞集団を取り出すステップと、
(ii)前記細胞集団を前記組成物で処置するステップと、
(iii)ステップ(ii)からの前記処置済み細胞集団を前記対象に移植するステップと
を含む、組成物。 - 前記自己造血細胞移植が、前記組成物を前記対象に静脈点滴するステップをさらに含む、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 前記自己造血細胞移植が、細胞減少療法の最中または後に前記対象に対して実施される、請求項12または13に記載の組成物。
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| AU2010234218B2 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
| EP2416802A4 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
| CA2757933A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
| WO2010115238A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
| JP2015193637A (ja) | 2015-11-05 |
| MY183617A (en) | 2021-03-03 |
| AU2010234218C1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
| SG175106A1 (en) | 2011-11-28 |
| JP2012522811A (ja) | 2012-09-27 |
| US20120114555A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
| SG10201401310VA (en) | 2014-06-27 |
| KR20120013351A (ko) | 2012-02-14 |
| EP2416802A1 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
| CN102802667A (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
| MX2011010624A (es) | 2012-02-21 |
| MX339022B (es) | 2016-05-05 |
| CN102802667B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
| AU2010234218A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
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