JP5859761B2 - Dam sediment accumulation device and accumulation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a dam sediment accumulation apparatus and an accumulation method.

When removing dam sedimentation with dredging etc., there is a problem that the cost of industrial waste treatment is high, and the supply to downstream rivers or coastal areas is expensive such as the transport of earth and sand.
For this reason, the dam sedimentation problem is an urgent issue but has not progressed.
Considering how much sediment is to be removed, if the amount of sediment deposited in the year is V, dam sediment will take several years to several decades if V + α can be removed in excess of V in one year. The amount can be reduced.
In such a case, if α is very large, the downstream river environment is suddenly changed, and the influence on the surrounding environment is great.
Therefore, a sustainable sediment removal measure that balances both the impact on the downstream environment and the amount of sediment removal requires selecting a small α and removing it over time.
For example, it is a method of reducing the amount of sediment by 50% over 10 years.
The present invention has been developed in order to reduce the amount of sedimentation reliably with a simple configuration, which is labor-saving as a countermeasure against dam sedimentation, which is a long-term battle, against such a background.

Therefore, considering the current technology, the following technology is known as a method for accumulating sediment deposited on the dam bottom.
<1> A method of excavating and removing earth and sand using a bulldozer or back fore in a state where the water level of the dam is lowered, or removing the earth and sand by dredging.
<2> A method of discharging sediment using the principle of siphon. (Patent Document 1)
<3> A method of removing sediment by sucking a wide range of earth and sand using a sheet. (Patent Document 2)
<4> A method of installing a sand discharge pipe at the bottom of the dam and sucking and removing a wide range of earth and sand with this pipe. (Patent Document 3)
<5> A method of scooping up the soil at the bottom of the dam with a drag line. (Patent Document 4)

JP 2000-120051 A. JP 2006-214092 A. JP-A-2005-36461. JP-A-5-206418.

In the conventional dam sediment accumulation method described above, the method of removing sediment by dredging or suction has the following problems.
<1> Since it is a method of removing sediment by pinpoint, it is extremely inefficient.
<2> There are many times to move the removal position, and it is not suitable for removing sediment in a wide area.
<3> Equipment such as dredgers is required, which is uneconomical.

In addition, the drag line excavation method has the following problems.
<1> In many cases, the opening of the bucket is blocked by sand and gravel, which requires time and effort to remove the blocked gravel and the like.
<2> In order to perform large-scale excavation, facilities such as cranes must be enlarged, which is uneconomical.
<3> When a boulder or driftwood is caught in the bucket, it is easy to fall down, and in that case, it is necessary to restore each time, which is uneconomical.
<4> The energy consumption of the driving force for operating the drag line is large, and the operating cost is high.
<5> Since a large amount of excavation is performed linearly at a time, the excavation remains like “Wadachi”, and when excavating an adjacent line, the bucket is not stable and easily falls.
<6> Once the bucket falls, subsequent posture control is difficult.

In order to solve the above-described problems, a dam sediment accumulation apparatus of the present invention includes an accumulation body composed of a long steel material, a buoyancy adjusting body that gives buoyancy to the accumulation body, and an upstream side of the dam. A winch provided on the land portion of the dam, a weight provided on the bottom of the lake on the sand discharge gate side of the dam, and a wire extending between the winch and the weight to connect the aggregate. The winch is characterized in that the aggregate can be slid on the bottom of a dam lake .
Furthermore, the dam sediment accumulation apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that the accumulation body is configured to include a weight body via a support material behind the moving direction .
Furthermore, in the dam sediment accumulation apparatus of the present invention, the accumulation body is provided with a front plate for extruding the sediment, and the front front plate is attached to the rear support member in the moving direction via a hinge. It is what.
Furthermore, the dam sediment accumulation apparatus of the present invention is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic sonar and an underwater camera attached to the accumulation body, and an observation apparatus for receiving signals from them .
Furthermore, the dam sediment accumulation method of the present invention comprises a winch installed on the land portion on the upstream side of the dam and a weight provided on the bottom of the lake on the dam sand discharge gate side, with respect to the aggregate composed of long steel materials. And a wire that stretches between the winch and the weight and connects the aggregates, and applies a moving force to the aggregates to slide the bottom of the dam lake to inhibit the movement of the aggregates. In such a case, buoyancy is imparted to the stack by the buoyancy adjuster to avoid it .

Also, the method for accumulating dam sediment of the present invention is to move the aggregate by sliding the bottom of the dam lake by applying a moving force with a winch installed on land to the aggregate composed of long steel materials. In the case where the hindrance is hindered, the buoyancy adjusting body gives a buoyancy to the aggregate to avoid it.
Furthermore, the method for accumulating dam sediment of the present invention is characterized in that a wire folding weight for giving a moving force to the accumulator is installed in the vicinity of the dam sand gate.

Since the dam sediment accumulation apparatus and accumulation method of the present invention are as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
<1> Since the integrated body is made of a long steel material having a simple shape, there is no complicated drive section and the like, and the structure can be constructed extremely economically.
<2> Since the aggregate is composed of a long steel material, concrete, or the like, a wide area work can be performed by one movement, and the number of movements is reduced. Moreover, there is no possibility of falling like a bucket, and operations can be performed quickly, and recovery operations can be performed quickly without taking time.
<3> Even if the movement trace of the accumulation body becomes a groove like a ridge, the accumulation body is constituted by a long steel material or the like, so that the accumulation body does not fall down due to an adjacent removal operation.
<4> Since the aggregate has a buoyancy adjustment mechanism, if it hits an obstacle at the bottom of a dam lake, it can be given buoyancy to the aggregate to avoid it in the vertical direction, and smooth work can be continued. it can.
<5> Even when the bottom of a dam lake is soft mud, it is possible to give buoyancy to the aggregate and prevent the accumulation from sinking into the mud.
<6> Giving the buoyancy back to the stack on one return trip of the stack will not only prevent the stack from hitting the obstacle, but will also draw the float, greatly reducing the load on the power. be able to.

Explanatory drawing of the accumulation body of the dam sediment accumulation apparatus of this invention. Explanatory drawing of the Example of the accumulation method of dam sedimentation. Explanatory drawing of the Example of arrangement | positioning of an integrated body, a winch, and a weight Explanatory drawing of the Example of a buoyancy adjustment apparatus. Explanatory drawing of the other Example of a buoyancy adjustment apparatus. Explanatory drawing of the Example which attached the weight body to the integration | stacking body. Graph of comparison of sand collection amount. Explanatory drawing of the Example which provided the hinge in the integrated body. Explanatory drawing of the state at the time of floating of a hinge type. Explanatory drawing of the Example which installed the blade in the integration | stacking body. The comparison figure of the amount of collected sand of the accumulation body which installed the blade, and the accumulation body which is not installed.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

<1> Basic Configuration of the Present Invention The present invention includes a plurality of members, that is, an integrated body 1, a wire 2, a winch 3, and a buoyancy adjusting body 4.

<2> Aggregate (Fig. 1)
The accumulation body 1 is a member for accumulating dam sedimentation.
For this purpose, the integrated body 1 is basically composed of a long member such as a simple prism.
The material of the assembly 1 can be composed of not only steel but also concrete, FRP, non-ferrous metal, and the like.
The aggregate 1 only needs to have a certain height and a certain width, and is a horizontally laid column, a commercially available steel material such as an H-shaped steel having an H-shaped cross section, a prefabricated concrete column, a beam, etc. Can be used.
As shown in FIG. 1B, the shape is such that a blade 15 protrudes from the lower edge of the prism, and as shown in FIG. 1D, a vacancy 16 is provided in a part of the prism, (e) As shown in the figure, a shape having a curved surface on the front surface can be adopted.
Alternatively, in the case of sediments mainly composed of gravel, as shown in FIG.

<3> Moving device (FIGS. 2 and 3)
A winch 3 and a sheave 5 for turning back the wire 2 are installed in order to give a moving force to the integrated body 1 via the wire 2.
The winch 3 and the sheave 5 are installed on the opposite side across the stack 1 and the sheave 5 is installed at a fixed point such as a dam body.
The winch 3 is a commercially-known one having a structure in which the wire 2 is wound or unwound by a rotating drum, and is used by being installed on the ground.
It is also possible to attach wires 2 to both ends when the integrated body 1 is viewed in plan, and to apply a moving force with separate winches 3 via the separate wires 2.
Then, even when the aggregate 1 composed of long steel materials collides with an obstacle at the bottom of the lake, it is difficult to incline in a plane or to fall in a cross section, and to perform a stable sedimentation operation. it can.
Conversely, the planar orientation can be freely controlled for the same reason.
Alternatively, the weight 6 submerged in the bottom of the lake and the sheave 5 attached to the weight 6 can be used for turning back the wire 2 that gives the moving force to the aggregate 1.
If the weight 6 is installed near the sand removal gate, the sediment can be efficiently accumulated toward the vicinity.
If the aggregate 1 and the wire 2 are not directly joined, and a chain 21 having a weight of steel or the like is interposed, a large force that suppresses the lake bottom acts by the aggregate 1 is more efficient.

<4> Buoyancy adjuster (Figs. 2, 4, 5)
A buoyancy adjuster 4 is attached to give buoyancy to the stack 1.
As the buoyancy adjusting body 4, for example, an air bag 11 attached to the integrated body 1, and an air tube 12 for supplying air from land and water are attached to the air bag 11, and the air tube 12 is connected to a compressor.
The air bag 11 is constituted by a bag body attached to the accumulation body 1 and an empty chamber 16 (FIG. 1 d) provided in the accumulation body 1.
Air is supplied to the air bag 11 and the vacant chamber 16 from a ship on land or water by a pressurizer such as a compressor.
Then, the aggregate 1 can be levitated by air buoyancy.
If the aggregate 1 is lifted from the lake bottom by supplying air, obstacles can be avoided or settling into sludge can be prevented.
Furthermore, the resistance when the aggregate 1 is pulled back can be made extremely small if it is separated from the bottom of the lake.
Supplying the air bag 11 and the vacant chamber 16 not only with air but also with the water injection tube 14 so that water can be supplied, and with the exhaust tube 13 connected separately, the amount of both can be adjusted. Makes it possible to adjust the buoyancy more delicately.

<5> Other devices Further, an ultrasonic sonar or an underwater camera may be attached to the integrated body 1 and an observation device for receiving signals from them may be installed on land.
By configuring in this way, it is possible to confirm and record the movement trajectory of the stack 1, and it is possible to leave the stacking work and avoid duplicate work.

<6> Accumulation of sedimentation A method for accumulating sedimentation using the above-described accumulation body 1 will be described.
The wire 2 wound around the winch 3 on land is reversed by the sheave 5 at the target position and returned to the winch 3.
Since the sheave 5 at the target position is installed on land, a force for lifting the aggregate 1 acts as it is.
Therefore, a weight 6 is installed on the bottom of the lake, and the wire 2 interposes a fixed sheave 5 provided on the weight 6.
By rotating the winch 3 in this manner, the sediment bottom can be scraped up by moving the bottom surface of the accumulated body 1 and dragging the bottom surface of the lake.
The collected sand is collected near the sand removal gate and discharged downstream when the sand removal gate is opened.
In the case of sand discharge using siphons and pumps instead of gates, sand is collected around the suction ports and discharged downstream during operation.
When moving the integrated body 1, the posture of the integrated body 1 is adjusted by adjusting the tension and winding amount of the wire 2 by attaching another wire 2, winch 3, and sheave 5 to both ends of the integrated body 1 in plan view. Can be controlled.
In particular, when the accumulated body 1 is easily tilted or falls due to the hardness or unevenness of the bottom surface of the lake, the configuration in which the two wires 2 are operated is effective in improving the recovery rate.
If the weight 6 is installed in the vicinity of the sand removal gate as described above, the sediment can be efficiently collected in the vicinity thereof, but if the weight 6 is installed at a position sandwiching the sand removal gate, the efficiency of accumulation is increased. Is further improved.

<7> Adjustment of buoyancy The aggregate 1 needs to be heavy during the accumulation operation at the bottom of the lake.
However, when the obstacle existing on the bottom of the lake is avoided, when the sedimentation to the bottom of the lake is prevented, or when the aggregate 1 is pulled back, it is a minus.
Therefore, in such a case, the buoyancy adjusting body 4 is operated to give buoyancy to the integrated body 1.
When the aggregate 1 is separated from the bottom of the lake by providing buoyancy, the obstacle can be overcome or settling to the soft bottom of the lake can be prevented.
If the sensor is attached to the accumulation body 1 and the position thereof is grasped by the signal, it is possible to quickly detect the accumulation of the accumulation body 1 to the lake bottom.
Since the accumulation body 1 reciprocates at the bottom of the lake and performs the accumulation operation, it is possible to give buoyancy on the return path and reduce the retraction energy in water.
Furthermore, if there is a defect in the aggregate 1, if it is lifted up to the water surface, it can be approached by a boat to perform maintenance and repair of the defective part.

<8> Accumulation with weight (Fig. 6)
It can be constructed by attaching a weight body to an accumulation body composed of a long steel material or the like at a certain distance from it.
For this purpose, for example, a support material is attached to the rear of the moving direction of the integrated body, and a weight body is attached to the support material. (Hereinafter, “front” and “rear” mean before and after the moving direction of the aggregate)
This weight body should just be a lump with weight, such as iron and concrete.
In the embodiment of FIG. 6, a steel material having substantially the same length as that of the accumulation body is employed as a weight body positioned in parallel with the accumulation body.
An air bag is attached to this weight body in the same manner as in the previous embodiment.
The air bag can be inflated by supplying air from the water or from the land via an air tube to give buoyancy to the weight body and the accumulation body.
A blade 15 can also be provided on the lower edge of the stack in the direction of movement.

<9> Function of weight body When a wire or chain is attached to the upper side of the weight body and pulled forward, the weight body easily falls forward with the lower edge as the rotation center.
However, as in the embodiment of FIG. 6, if the weight body is attached a certain distance away from the center of rotation, the resistance to rotation can be increased.
In the model experiment, the amount of sand collection was compared by pulling the accumulation body in which the H-shaped steel was laid down and the type of the embodiment in which the weight body was attached behind the C-shaped steel.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, in the configuration of the present example in which the weight body was provided at the rear, about three times as much sand could be collected as compared with the configuration in which the weight body was not provided.

<10> Hinged assembly (FIG. 8)
A hinge structure can be provided between the integrated body and the weight body.
That is, a front plate for extruding sand is attached to the front surface of the aggregate.
A hinge is interposed between the front plate and the weight support member.
When such a configuration is adopted, when the buoyancy in the vertical direction is given to the weight body, even if only the front plate of the accumulation body remains in the sediment, the weight body can levitate in advance through the hinge, The front can be easily pulled out of the sediment. (Fig. 9)
As described above, even when the aggregate is buried in sediment or when the aggregate is self-settled on soft ground, the resistance when ascending can be greatly reduced by providing the hinge.
The hinge can be a hinge used at the door or a horizontal pin.
Further, if the front plate of the integrated body is attached via a hinge, it can be expected that the front plate can be easily replaced when worn.

<11> Aggregates with blades (FIG. 10)
It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which a weight body is attached to the rear of the integrated body, and a blade is protruded from the front lower portion of the integrated body.
If comprised in this way, it turns out that a clear difference generate | occur | produces in the amount of sand collection between the structures which have a weight body in the back, but are not provided with the blade in the accumulation body.
That is, in FIG. 11, for example, in the type that pulls upwards of an aggregate of 1 kg of its own weight, the amount of scraped sand is less than about 2 kg with “without blade”, whereas it rises to over 3 kg with “with blade”. Is out.
In this way, the weight attached to the rear and the blade provided to the front do not sink into the sand and do not cover the sand, reducing the risk of rooting and making it easier to ascend. is there.

1: Accumulated body 11: Air bag 12: Air tube 13: Exhaust tube 14: Injection / drainage tube 15: Buoy 17: Curved surface 18: 籠 2: Wire 21: Chain 3: Winch 4: Buoyancy adjuster 5: Sheave 6: Heavy Weight 7: heavy body

Claims (5)

An assembly composed of long steel materials,
A buoyancy adjuster that provides buoyancy to the stack,
A winch in the land section upstream of the dam,
And the weight provided on the bottom of a lake of waste sand gate side of the dam,
It is stretched between the winch and the weight, and comprises a wire for connecting the integrated body ,
With the winch, the aggregate can be slid on the bottom of a dam lake,
Dam sediment accumulation device. The aggregate is
Configured with a weight body via a support material at the rear in the moving direction,
The dam sediment accumulation apparatus according to claim 1. The aggregate is
It has a front plate that pushes out sediment,
Constructed by attaching the front plate on the front side via a hinge to the support material in the rear in the moving direction,
The dam sediment accumulation apparatus according to claim 1. Consists of ultrasonic sonar and underwater cameras attached to the integrated body, and observation devices that receive signals from them
The dam sediment accumulation apparatus according to claim 1. For aggregates composed of long steel materials, etc.
A winch installed in a land portion on the upstream side of the dam, a weight provided on the bottom of the lake on the sand discharge gate side of the dam, and a wire extending between the winch and the weight to connect the aggregate , Slide the bottom of the dam lake by applying a moving force to the aggregate ,
When the movement of the aggregate is obstructed, avoid it by giving buoyancy to the aggregate by the buoyancy adjuster,
How to collect dam sediment.

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