JP2007217991A - Dredging device and dredging method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dredging method capable of carrying out dredge by a small facility compared with the conventional one even in the depth of dozens of meters or more in lakes and marshes by using a dredging device enabling the muddiness of water to hold down by making suction without being stirred and the dredging device and steady dredging even stones exceeding 2 to 3cm to lessen the suction of water by sucking on the basis of the principle of a plug conveyance which alternately sucks earth and sand piled up on the bottom and air in the dredge by suction. <P>SOLUTION: The device for dredging by making suction of earth and sand and sediments is equipped with a device capable of opening and closing a suction port 1 and an inlet pipe 107 opened in atmospheric air on the water at the discharge side of the opening and closing device, and the plug conveyance in the water by dredging earth and sand and sediments by repeating opening and closing work of the suction port 1 is realized. By using the dredging device, the dredging method realizing the great depth dredge with a light facility can be provided. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to a dredging method and apparatus for dredging sediment deposited in dams, lakes, rivers, harbors and the like by suction.

As a conventional dredging method, a method using a dipper, a club, a bucket, a backhoe, a pump, a method using a siphon principle, or the like is known, and an appropriate method is selected depending on the situation at the site. Among them, in the present invention, dredging is performed by a pump. However, as a conventional technique, high-pressure water injection is performed to efficiently perform suction in water, and suction is performed in a state where water and earth and sand are mixed with stirring. In addition, Patent No. 3266870 is characterized by having a shielding cylinder for suppressing turbidity of water, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-15174 characterized by transporting dredged sand in an air flow, etc. There is.
Japanese Patent No. 3266870 Japanese Patent Publication No.7-15174

The purpose is to solve the following problems, taking the case of dredging in dam lakes with severe dredging conditions. Some of the current dams have more than 80% of the total water storage capacity, and many dams are rapidly accumulating, and their function as dams is declining. . This problem is recognized at least in Japanese Patent Application No. 52-128136, but there is still a need for an effective and low-cost construction method. In dredging with dippers, clubs, and buckets, when a dredger with the capacity suitable for the size and depth of the dam lake is selected, it is often difficult to carry it to the mountain site where the dam lake is located. Also, even if the crawler type crane is placed on the trolley and the clubs and buckets are attached, the scale and weight of the trolley will be large, and it is often difficult to carry to the site. In most cases, a ship for transporting earth and sand or equipment for pumping is required, which is very expensive. In addition, when using the sand pump or siphon principle, the equipment scale and energy used are relatively small compared to the above method even when the depth is several tens of meters, but the dredging ability is relatively weak, and 2 to 3 cm. Depending on the situation of the freight, it may be impossible to transport stones exceeding the size.

In Japanese Patent No. 3266870 cited as the prior art, there is a problem that a large amount of water is transported together to increase transport efficiency and prevent tube blockage, that is, a large amount of water is sucked. In addition, stones having a size exceeding 2 to 3 cm have a problem that the resistance in the pipe is large and fluid transport is difficult, and stones that cannot be mixed with water by high-pressure water jet cannot be trapped. When transporting by suction, plug transport that alternately sucks the object to be transported and air can stably transport even stones with a size exceeding 2 to 3 cm. This is obvious from the situation where excavated soil is sucked and conveyed more than 5 to 600m in the mud concentration method of sewerage promotion work. Although the Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-15174 is based on the principle of plug transportation, it is assumed that dredging is performed in the atmosphere, so dredging in water is not expected.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and the object of the present invention is to suction the earth and sand accumulated on the bottom of the water in the dredging by suction. By sucking up with the principle of plug transportation, water suction is reduced, and even stones with a size of 2 to 3 cm or more can be stably crushed, and turbidity of water can be suppressed by suctioning without stirring. An object of the present invention is to provide a dredge apparatus capable of dredging even with a large-scale dredge at a depth of several tens of meters or more, with smaller facilities than conventional facilities. (First task)

An object of the invention according to claim 2 is to prevent a large obstacle such as a large metal piece such as a bicycle or a household appliance, a stone, a rock or a driftwood from clogging in the suction port. (2nd issue)

An object of the invention described in claim 3 is to prevent suction of only water due to an erroneous operation in the bag using the bag device according to claim 1. (Third issue)

An object of the invention of claim 4 is to prevent dredged clay from being clogged during opening and closing operations. (Fourth issue)

An object of the inventions of claims 5 and 6 is to efficiently change the flow of air introduced by the intake pipe to a conveying force. (Fifth issue)

The solution of the first problem is a device for dripping sediment and sediment on the bottom of the water by suction, comprising a device that can open and close the suction port, and an intake pipe that is open to the atmosphere above the water on the discharge side of the switchgear. By repeating the opening and closing operation of the mouth, it is configured to dred soil and sediment. At this time, in consideration of the buoyancy in the water and the soil quality of the bottom sediment, it is desirable to adjust the suction port with a weight so as to have a weight enough to be buried in the bottom sediment by its own weight.

Means for solving the second problem is a configuration in which a mesh-like enclosure is provided on the suction side of the opening / closing device of the scissors device according to claim 1. At this time, the size of one of the mesh openings is preferably about 30 to 80%.

The means for solving the third problem has a structure in which a sensor is attached to the lowermost end of the entire suction port of the dredger device according to claim 1 and a function capable of opening the switchgear only when landing on the bottom of the water is attached. Is.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the opening / closing device of the saddle device according to claim 1 is configured such that a cylindrical casing as an outer shell, a cylindrical elastic body fixed therein, and an air pressure in a gap therebetween are increased or decreased. It is set as the structure which consists of piping for.

The solution to the fifth problem is that the intake pipe of the dredge device according to claim 1 is connected to the suction pipe at an incident angle of 10 ° to 90 ° toward the water surface (浚 渫) direction, or about 2 to 6 And is configured to be connected to the suction pipe so that the air flow is spiral. At this time, the cross-sectional area of the intake pipe is preferably about 30 to 200% of the cross-sectional area of the suction pipe.

As described above, according to the means for solving the first problem, the opening / closing device is not opened until the suction port reaches the bottom of the water, thereby preventing excess water from being sucked. Opening the suction port when landing on the bottom of the water starts dredging under the same conditions as suction in the atmosphere, closes the switchgear to take in air through the intake pipe, and repeats the opening and closing operation to repeat the opening and closing of the bottom of the bottom By alternately taking air and the like, it can trap stones over 2 to 3 cm by the same plug transport principle as in the atmosphere, and it suppresses the turbidity of water by sucking without stirring, and when the depth increases, By adjusting, it is possible to perform dredging with smaller equipment using dippers, clubs, buckets, etc.

According to the solution of the second problem, it is possible to prevent large obstacles such as large metal pieces such as bicycles and home appliances, stones, rocks and driftwood in the cage from being clogged in the inlet. In addition, by setting the size of one of the mesh openings to about 30 to 80%, it prevents the stones of irregular shapes from clogging the suction port after passing through the mesh, and the largest grain of dredged sand according to the suction capacity It is possible to adjust the diameter.

According to the means for solving the third problem, in the dredging using the dredging device according to claim 1, by attaching a function that can be opened and closed only when landing on the bottom of the water, only water is sucked by an erroneous operation. To prevent it.

According to the solution of the fourth problem, the opening / closing means of the opening / closing device is performed by the cylindrical elastic body, thereby avoiding a state in which it cannot be closed due to trapped dredged sand during opening and closing, particularly when closing. Realize that. The fluid pressure described in claim 4 is assumed to be hydraulic or pneumatic, but it is desirable to use pneumatic pressure as long as there is no problem in switching capability in view of the influence on the surrounding environment at the time of failure and the switching speed. . In addition, it is desirable that the opening / closing operation can be remotely operated on a ship or the like.

According to the means for solving the fifth problem, the air introduced by the intake pipe flows smoothly by connecting the intake pipe to the suction pipe at an incident angle of 10 ° to 90 ° toward the water surface (浚 渫) direction. Or by making the air flow spiral, it is possible to efficiently utilize the force of air for the force of conveyance.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiment shown below exemplifies a dredge apparatus for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention does not specify the dredge apparatus and the dredge method as described below. Further, in order to omit similar drawings, an embodiment provided with all claims 1 to 6 is shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, but in the explanation corresponding to each claim below, it is necessary in each claim. Parts that are not described and overlapping descriptions will be omitted. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a saddle device according to the present invention, showing a state in which an opening / closing device is opened. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the saddle device of the present invention, showing a state in which the opening / closing device is closed. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X ′ of FIG. 1 and shows the air flow when the switchgear is closed.

A configuration based on claim 1 will be described. A description will be given from the water surface (upper) to the water bottom (lower) direction based on FIG. First, the intake pipe connection flange (103) is connected to the lower end of the suction hose (6). A hook (114) is provided on the intake pipe connection flange (103) and is moved up and down by a suspension wire (102). The intake pipe connecting flange (103) has an opening for intake and an opening for suction. The opening for intake is connected to two intake hoses (2), and the intake hoses are connected to the atmosphere above the water surface. Always open an opening. On the other hand, the opening for suction is on the vertical line to the bottom of the water as shown in the figure and is connected to the pinch valve (1A) directly below. There is a sleeve (106) inside the pinch valve (1A), and the sleeve (106) is fixed by a sleeve presser fitting (110). Connect the air hose (105) to the cylindrical casing (111) of the pinch valve (1A), and pressurize and fill the gap between the sleeve (106) and the cylindrical casing (111) with compressed air. Closes and closes the inlet (1). At this time, due to the suction force, the suction hose (6) above the pinch valve and the intake pipe connection flange (103) inside the suction pipe connection flange (103) increase in negative pressure and the check valve opens, and it passes through the intake hose (2) in the atmosphere. Aspirate the air into the tube. The sucked air flows at an angle like the air flow (112) shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 and in the state of a whirlwind in the suction hose (6).

Next, the state of FIG. 2 will be described. The difference from FIG. 1 is that the compressed air of the air hose (105) is depressurized and the sleeve (106) is opened. As the sleeve (106) opens, it is pulled by the air flow (112) in FIG. 1, and the sedimentary soil (0B) pushed by the water pressure is explosively sucked. At this time, the inside of the suction hose is filled with the sedimented soil (0B) and the water sucked together with the sedimented soil (0B), the negative pressure is lowered, and the flow of air from the intake hose (2) is blocked. As a result, the sucked sediment (0B) and water flow back to the intake hose (2) due to water pressure, and the interior of the intake hose (2) fills the surface of the water with the sediment (0B) and water. To prevent this, the check valve (104) prevents the reverse flow by adopting a configuration in which the check flow (104) closes the check flow (104). If the sleeve (106) is kept open, the amount of air is insufficient and a blockage occurs. In order to prevent this, it is desirable to use a semi-automatic mechanism in which the sleeve (106) opens in conjunction with the check valve (104) being closed. By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to realize the principle of stable plug transportation by alternately sucking sedimentary soil (0B) and air. However, even if the check valve (104) and the sleeve (106) are not linked, the blockage does not occur immediately, and there is a sufficient margin of about 1 minute. If the sleeve (106) is closed in the meantime and the opening / closing operation is repeated while monitoring the load of the suction device, the same principle of stable plug transportation can be realized. In the above description, the suction pipe corresponds to the suction hose (6), the opening / closing device corresponds to the pinch valve (1A), and the intake pipe corresponds to the intake hose (2).

The dredging device can be adjusted with a weight (108) in order to make the weight to be buried in the bottom sediment by its own weight, taking into account the buoyancy in water according to the depth and the soil quality of the bottom sediment. It is desirable.

In the case of dredging at a depth exceeding 10 m, it is desirable to select the suction hose (6) in consideration of not only the maximum capacity of the suction pump but also the water pressure in order to avoid crushing due to negative pressure.

A configuration based on claim 2 will be described. A net cage (1B) is provided below the pinch valve (1A) shown in FIG. This mesh fence (1B) has a large area such as a large piece of metal such as a bicycle or home appliance, stones, rocks, driftwood, etc. by setting the area of one opening to about 30 to 80% of the area of the inlet (1). While preventing clogging in the suction port (1), it is possible to achieve efficient wrinkling. In the above description, the mesh-shaped enclosure according to claim 2 corresponds to the mesh cage (1B).

A configuration based on claim 3 will be described. A sensor (109) is provided below the net cage (1B) shown in FIG. The inside of the cylindrical casing (111) can be decompressed only when the sensor (109) senses that it has landed on the bottom of the water. By such a mechanism, it is possible to prevent suction of only water due to an erroneous operation. Further, in addition to the semi-automatic kite by the check valve (104) described above, it can be a part of a mechanism for realizing automatic or semi-automatic kite.

The configuration based on claim 4 is omitted in the description of the configuration based on claim 1 (previous paragraphs 0021 and 0022). The cylindrical casing corresponds to the cylindrical casing (111), the cylindrical elastic body corresponds to the sleeve (106), and the pipe for increasing / decreasing the fluid pressure corresponds to the air hose (105). ing.

A configuration based on claim 5 will be described. As shown in FIG. 7, the intake pipe (107) is connected to the intake pipe connection flange (103) at an incident angle of 10 ° to 90 ° toward the water surface (浚 渫) direction. The smaller the incident angle, the lower the fluid resistance and the higher the efficiency. However, the closer the incident point is to the switchgear, the contradictory condition is that the air flow force can be used more effectively when the suction port is opened. In addition, if the incident angle is too small, it may interfere with the suction port coming into contact with the water bottom.

A configuration based on claim 6 will be described. As shown in Fig. 1, two air flows incident at the same angle in the vertical direction flow along the outer peripheral surface of the inside of the cylinder so as not to collide in the horizontal direction as shown in Fig. By using the air flow as described above, it is possible to more efficiently utilize the force of air for the force of conveyance.

An embodiment of the present invention in a dam lake with severe dredging conditions will be described with reference to FIGS. 4, 5, and 6. FIG. The invention according to claim 1 that forms the basis of the present invention has been described above based on FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a bird's-eye view of the wrinkle method according to claim 4 and shows the configuration of the wrinkle method. FIG. 5 is a plan view of the wrinkling method and shows the entire wrinkling method. FIG. 6 is a bird's-eye view of the assembly-type trolley (3).

The dredging device according to claim 1 is dropped into the water from the assembly-type trolley (3) of FIG. 4 by the hanging winch (3A). The dredged soil (deposited soil (0B) and water) transported by the dredging device according to claim 1 passes through the suction hose (6) floating on the water surface by the float (5) to the overturning tank (8) on the ground. And is separated into clay and air. The air goes to the vacuum pump (12) via a separate tank (11) for not sucking mud particles. The dredged soil is dropped into the vibrating sieve (10) by opening the pressure reducing valve (9), and separated into sedimentary soil (0B) and moisture (muddy water). The separated sediment (0B) is stored in a mud storage tank or directly loaded onto a dump truck and disposed of. The water is filtered to SS = 50ppm or less by the water purification tank (13) and discharged to the original dam lake or downstream river by the discharge pipe (14).

In the above-described configuration, problems already known and solutions will be described below. From the time when the total distance exceeds 200m in the conveyance of dredged soil, the plug becomes longer due to the resistance in the pipe. Such a plug may cause clogging, and a situation may occur in which the suction force is insufficient particularly in the ascending conveyance section and the plug does not lift. In particular, when the ascending conveyance exceeds 10 m, there is a large resistance, and the possibility of frequent blockages increases. In the case where the construction is unavoidable under such conditions, it is desirable to load the ascending conveyance section on the screw conveyor (7) or the like.

In addition, FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show examples for making the assembling-type carrier (3) as light and small as possible. In one example, a suspension winch (3A) is used without dropping a heavy machine such as a crane to drop the dredging device according to claim 1 into water, and when moving the barge, the barge movement (fixed) winch (3B) Assembling-type stand, such as omitting power such as engine screw and dredging to stabilize the carriage by using wire (4) for carriage movement (fixed) tied to anchor (15) installed on the lake shore Light weight and downsizing have been realized by reducing the burden on the ship (3).

The movement of the assembly-type carrier (3) can be done by using the carrier (fixed) winch (3B) installed at the four corners and the wire (fixed) for the carrier (fixed) attached to the anchor (15) installed on the shore. 4) is used, but the movement is performed by winding a winch (3B) for moving the ship (fixed) attached in the direction of movement and loosening the winch (3B) for moving the other ship (fixed). The trolley is fixed by applying tension to the trolley movement (fixation) wire (4) at the four corners by the trolley movement (fixation) winch (3B). With the above configuration, movement and fixation within the range “A” between the four anchors (15) shown in FIG. 5 are realized. For dredging points (points) outside the range “A”, the anchor (15) is moved repeatedly. The operation of the switchgear is preferably performed on the assembly-type trolley (3).

In the example shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, the equipment yard of 100 to 150 square meters and the equipment of about several large trucks are brought into the field and can be dredged.

The sectional view of the gutter device of the present invention is shown, and the state where the switchgear is opened is shown. The sectional view of the gutter device of the present invention is shown, and the state where the switchgear is closed is shown. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X ′ of FIG. 1 and shows the air flow when the switchgear is closed. FIG. 5 is a bird's-eye view of the wrinkle method according to claim 4 and shows a configuration of the wrinkle method. It is a top view of a wrinkle method, and shows the whole wrinkle method. It is a bird's-eye view of an assembly-type trolley (3). The incident angle according to claim 5 is shown.

Explanation of symbols

0A Former ground surface
0B sedimentary soil
1
Inlet
1A pinch valve
1B
2
Intake hose
Three
Assembling type carrier
3A hanging winch
3B winch for movement (fixed)
3C suction hose base
Four
Wire for trolley movement (fixed)
Five
float
6
Suction hose
7
Screw conveyor
8
Fall tank
9
Pressure reducing valve
Ten
Vibrating sieve
11
Separate tank
12
Vacuum pump
13
Water purification tank
14
Discharge pipe
15
anchor
16
Generator
101
Suction hose clamp
102
Hanging wire
103
Intake pipe connection flange
104
Check valve
105
air hose
106
sleeve
107
Intake pipe
108
Weight
109
sensor
110
Sleeve presser bracket
111
Cylindrical casing
112
Showing air flow
113
Shows the flow of dredged soil
114
hook

Claims (6)

In a device that puts a suction pipe having a suction port into water and sucks sediment and sediment on the bottom of the water by suction, a device that can open and close the suction port, and a suction pipe that is opened to the water atmosphere on the discharge side of the switch device And dredging soil and sediment by repeating the opening and closing operation of the suction port 2. A dredge device according to claim 1, wherein a mesh-shaped enclosure is provided on the suction side of the suction port. 2. A dredge device according to claim 1, wherein a sensor is attached to the lowermost end of the entire suction port, and a function that allows the opening / closing device to open only when landing on the bottom of the water is attached. 2. The dredge device according to claim 1, wherein the opening / closing device comprises a cylindrical casing as an outer shell, a cylindrical elastic body fixed inside the casing, and a pipe for increasing or decreasing fluid pressure in a gap between the two. 2. The dredge device according to claim 1, wherein the intake pipe is connected to the suction pipe at an incident angle of 10 ° to 90 ° toward the water surface (浚 渫) direction. 2. The dredge apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the intake pipe is composed of about 2 to 6 and is connected to the suction pipe so that the air flow is spiral.