JP5859341B2 - Voltage equalizing apparatus and method, program, and power storage system including the same - Google Patents

Voltage equalizing apparatus and method, program, and power storage system including the same Download PDF

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JP5859341B2
JP5859341B2 JP2012042312A JP2012042312A JP5859341B2 JP 5859341 B2 JP5859341 B2 JP 5859341B2 JP 2012042312 A JP2012042312 A JP 2012042312A JP 2012042312 A JP2012042312 A JP 2012042312A JP 5859341 B2 JP5859341 B2 JP 5859341B2
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正明 南
正明 南
直毅 園田
直毅 園田
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

本発明は、電圧均等化装置及び方法並びにプログラム、それを備えた電力貯蔵システムに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a voltage equalization apparatus and method, a program, and a power storage system including the same.

例えば、鉛蓄電池を大容量にする場合、従来は、単電池もしくは単電池を直列接続した電池より構成される組電池を並列接続していたが、近年は、従来よりも内部インピーダンスが低いリチウムイオン電池等の効率の良い二次電池によって構成される組電池が並列接続されるようになっている。リチウムイオン電池の場合、内部抵抗が格段に低いために、電池を直接並列接続すると製造のばらつきに起因したインピーダンスや接触抵抗の僅かな違いが生じると、他の組電池に過大電流が流れる可能性があるため、組電池に対応付けて電力変換器を接続し、電力変換器によって各組電池に流れる電流を制御して過電流が組電池に流れることを防止する方法が提案されている。
例えば、下記特許文献1では、複数の二次電池が接続される組電池に対応付けて電力変換装置を備える電力貯蔵装置において、電力変換装置を介して組電池を並列に接続させ、並列接続させた後に、各組電池間の電圧を制御し、各組電池の電圧差を解消する技術が開示されている。
For example, when a lead-acid battery is to have a large capacity, conventionally, a battery pack or a battery pack composed of cells connected in series has been connected in parallel. A battery pack constituted by an efficient secondary battery such as a battery is connected in parallel. In the case of lithium ion batteries, the internal resistance is remarkably low, so if the batteries are connected directly in parallel, if there is a slight difference in impedance or contact resistance due to manufacturing variations, excessive current may flow to other assembled batteries Therefore, a method has been proposed in which a power converter is connected in association with the assembled battery, and a current flowing through each assembled battery is controlled by the power converter to prevent an overcurrent from flowing into the assembled battery.
For example, in Patent Document 1 below, in a power storage device including a power conversion device in association with an assembled battery to which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected, the assembled batteries are connected in parallel via the power conversion device and connected in parallel. After that, a technique for controlling the voltage between the assembled batteries and eliminating the voltage difference between the assembled batteries is disclosed.

特開2010−141970号公報JP 2010-141970 A

しかしながら、上記特許文献1の方法では、1つの電力変換装置に対して電圧差が含まれる複数の組電池を並列接続させる場合には、各組電池間の電圧差を解消できないため組電池間に過電流が流れることを防止できず、組電池の損傷や材料の劣化が生じるという問題があった。   However, in the method of Patent Document 1, when a plurality of assembled batteries including a voltage difference are connected in parallel to one power conversion device, the voltage difference between the assembled batteries cannot be eliminated. There was a problem that it was not possible to prevent the overcurrent from flowing, causing damage to the assembled battery and deterioration of the material.

本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、1つの電力変換装置に対して複数の組電池を並列に接続した場合であっても、組電池間に流れる過電流を防止できる電圧均等化装置及び方法並びにプログラムを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and prevents overcurrent flowing between assembled batteries even when a plurality of assembled batteries are connected in parallel to one power conversion device. An object of the present invention is to provide a voltage equalization apparatus, method, and program that can be used.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明は以下の手段を採用する。
本発明は、一の電力変換器に対して、二次電池からなる組電池が複数並列に接続される電力貯蔵装置の電圧均等化装置であって、各前記組電池に対応付けて設けられ、前記電力変換器と前記組電池との接続及び切り離しを切り替える切替手段と、電圧値が所定範囲外とされた前記組電池に対応する前記切替手段を接続させ、接続された前記切替手段に対応する前記組電池を充電及び放電させる制御手段と、を具備し、前記制御手段は、全ての前記組電池の電圧値が所定範囲内であることを検出した場合に、前記切替手段を順次接続させ、前記組電池を並列化する電圧均等化装置を提供する。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following means.
The present invention is a voltage equalization device of a power storage device in which a plurality of assembled batteries made of secondary batteries are connected in parallel to one power converter, provided in association with each of the assembled batteries, A switching unit that switches connection and disconnection between the power converter and the assembled battery and a switching unit that corresponds to the assembled battery whose voltage value is out of a predetermined range are connected to correspond to the connected switching unit. Control means for charging and discharging the assembled battery, and when the control means detects that the voltage values of all the assembled batteries are within a predetermined range, the switching means are sequentially connected, Provided is a voltage equalizing device for parallelizing the assembled batteries.

このような構成によれば、二次電池からなる複数の組電池が、一の電力変換器と切替手段を介して並列に接続され、電圧値が所定範囲外とされた組電池は、対応する切替手段が接続されることにより充電及び放電が制御される。また、全ての組電池の電圧値が所定範囲内であることが検出された場合に、切替手段が順次接続され、組電池が並列化される。
内部抵抗が低い組電池を複数並列に設け、電力変換器と接続した場合には、各組電池に電圧差が含まれると組電池間に過大な電流が流れ、組電池の損傷や組電池を構成する材料劣化が促進されることが推定される。本発明においては、所定範囲内になるように各組電池の電圧値を制御し、全ての組電池の電圧値が所定範囲内となった後に組電池を並列化させるので、内部抵抗が低い組電池を使用する場合であっても、組電池間に過大な電流が流れることを防ぎ、組電池の損傷や材料の劣化を防ぐことができる。また、内部抵抗が低い組電池とは、例えば、リチウム二次電池がある。
According to such a configuration, a plurality of assembled batteries composed of secondary batteries are connected in parallel via one power converter and switching means, and the assembled battery whose voltage value is out of the predetermined range corresponds. Charging and discharging are controlled by connecting the switching means. Further, when it is detected that the voltage values of all the assembled batteries are within the predetermined range, the switching means are sequentially connected, and the assembled batteries are parallelized.
When multiple assembled batteries with low internal resistance are installed in parallel and connected to a power converter, if a voltage difference is included in each assembled battery, an excessive current flows between the assembled batteries, causing damage to the assembled battery or damage to the assembled battery. It is estimated that the deterioration of the constituent material is promoted. In the present invention, the voltage value of each assembled battery is controlled so as to be within the predetermined range, and the assembled batteries are parallelized after the voltage values of all the assembled batteries are within the predetermined range. Even when a battery is used, it is possible to prevent an excessive current from flowing between the assembled batteries, and to prevent damage to the assembled battery and deterioration of the material. An assembled battery having a low internal resistance is, for example, a lithium secondary battery.

上記電圧均等化装置の前記制御手段は、定電流定電圧制御によって前記組電池の電圧値を制御し、前記所定範囲内に設けられる目標電圧値を前記定電流定電圧制御の指令値とすることとしてもよい。
これにより、組電池の電圧値を、確実に所定範囲内に収めることができる。
The control means of the voltage equalizing apparatus controls a voltage value of the assembled battery by constant current / constant voltage control, and uses a target voltage value provided within the predetermined range as a command value for the constant current / constant voltage control. It is good.
Thereby, the voltage value of an assembled battery can be reliably stored in the predetermined range.

上記電圧均等化装置の前記制御手段は、複数の前記組電池のうち電圧値が最も高い前記組電池の電圧値を、前記所定範囲内の中心の電圧値とすることとしてもよい。
最も高い電圧値(以下「最高電圧値」という)に合わせて、他の組電池を充電させるので、所定範囲の設定を簡便に行うことができる。
The said control means of the said voltage equalization apparatus is good also as setting the voltage value of the said assembled battery with the highest voltage value among the said some assembled batteries as the voltage value of the center in the said predetermined range.
Since other assembled batteries are charged in accordance with the highest voltage value (hereinafter referred to as “maximum voltage value”), the predetermined range can be easily set.

上記電圧均等化装置の前記制御手段は、複数の前記組電池の電圧値の平均値を、前記所定範囲内の中心の電圧値とすることが好ましい。
組電池の電圧値を平均電圧値に揃えるよう制御することにより、多数の組電池が互いに小さな電圧差(平均電圧値付近の電圧値)であり、それ以外の少数の組電池と多数の組電池とに大きな電圧差がある場合には、各組電池の充放電にかかる制御量が、比較的少なくて済む。
The control means of the voltage equalizing apparatus preferably uses an average value of the voltage values of the plurality of assembled batteries as a central voltage value within the predetermined range.
By controlling the voltage value of the assembled battery to be equal to the average voltage value, a large number of assembled batteries have a small voltage difference (a voltage value near the average voltage value) from each other, and a small number of other assembled batteries and a large number of assembled batteries When there is a large voltage difference between them, the amount of control required for charging and discharging each assembled battery can be relatively small.

本発明は、上記いずれかに記載の電圧均等化装置を備えた電力貯蔵システムを提供する。   The present invention provides a power storage system provided with any of the voltage equalization apparatuses described above.

本発明は、一の電力変換器に対して、二次電池からなる組電池が複数並列に接続される電力貯蔵装置の電圧均等化方法であって、各前記組電池に対応付けて設けられ、前記電力変換器と前記組電池との接続及び切り離しを切替手段によって切り替え、前記組電池の電圧値が所定範囲内にない場合には、電圧値が所定範囲外とされた前記組電池に対応する前記切替手段を接続させ、接続された前記切替手段に対応する前記組電池を充電及び放電させ、全ての前記組電池の電圧値が所定範囲内となった場合に、前記切替手段を順次接続させ、前記組電池を並列化する電圧均等化方法を提供する。   The present invention is a voltage equalization method for a power storage device in which a plurality of assembled batteries composed of secondary batteries are connected in parallel to one power converter, and is provided in association with each of the assembled batteries. When the voltage value of the assembled battery is not within a predetermined range, the connection and disconnection between the power converter and the assembled battery are switched by switching means, and the voltage value corresponds to the assembled battery whose value is out of the predetermined range. Connecting the switching means, charging and discharging the assembled battery corresponding to the connected switching means, and sequentially connecting the switching means when the voltage values of all the assembled batteries are within a predetermined range. A voltage equalizing method for parallelizing the assembled batteries is provided.

本発明は、一の電力変換器に対して、二次電池からなる組電池が複数並列に接続される電力貯蔵装置の電圧均等化プログラムであって、各前記組電池に対応付けて設けられ、前記電力変換器と前記組電池との接続及び切り離しを切替手段によって切り替える処理と、前記組電池の電圧値が所定範囲内にない場合には、電圧値が所定範囲外とされた前記組電池に対応する前記切替手段を接続させ、接続された前記切替手段に対応する前記組電池を充電及び放電させる処理と、全ての前記組電池の電圧値が所定範囲内となった場合に、前記切替手段を順次接続させ、前記組電池を並列化する処理とをコンピュータに実行させるための電圧均等化プログラムを提供する。   The present invention is a voltage equalization program for a power storage device in which a plurality of assembled batteries composed of secondary batteries are connected in parallel to one power converter, and is provided in association with each of the assembled batteries. A process for switching connection and disconnection between the power converter and the assembled battery by the switching means, and when the voltage value of the assembled battery is not within a predetermined range, The process of connecting the corresponding switching means, charging and discharging the assembled battery corresponding to the connected switching means, and the switching means when the voltage values of all the assembled batteries are within a predetermined range Are sequentially connected, and a voltage equalization program for causing a computer to execute the process of parallelizing the assembled batteries is provided.

本発明は、1つの電力変換装置に対して複数の組電池を並列に接続した場合であっても、組電池間に流れる過電流を防止できるという効果を奏する。   Even if it is a case where several assembled batteries are connected in parallel with respect to one power converter device, this invention has the effect that the overcurrent which flows between assembled batteries can be prevented.

本発明の一実施形態に係る電力貯蔵システムの概略構成を示した図である。It is the figure which showed schematic structure of the electric power storage system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

以下に、本発明に係る電圧均等化装置及び方法並びにプログラム、それを備えた電力貯蔵システムの一実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る電力貯蔵システム1の概略構成を示した図である。図1に示されるように、電力貯蔵システム1は、電力貯蔵装置10及び電圧均等化装置20を備えている。
電力貯蔵装置10は、1個のパワーコンディショナ(電力変換器)2、二次電池からなるn個の組電池A1〜An、及び組電池A1〜Anに対応付けられたn個のバッテリマネジメントシステム(以下「BMS」という)1〜nを備えており、1個のパワーコンディショナ(Power Conditioning Subsystem:以下「PCS」という)に対して、n個の組電池A1〜Anが並列に接続される構成となっている。なお、以下特に明記しない場合には、組電池A1〜Anは組電池Aとし、BMS1〜BMSnはBMSと記述する。
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a voltage equalizing apparatus and method, a program, and a power storage system including the same according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power storage system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the power storage system 1 includes a power storage device 10 and a voltage equalization device 20.
The power storage device 10 includes one power conditioner (power converter) 2, n assembled batteries A1 to An including secondary batteries, and n battery management systems associated with the assembled batteries A1 to An. (Hereinafter referred to as “BMS”) 1 to n, and n assembled batteries A1 to An are connected in parallel to one power conditioner (Power Conditioning Subsystem: hereinafter referred to as “PCS”). It has a configuration. Unless otherwise specified, the assembled batteries A1 to An are described as the assembled battery A, and the BMS1 to BMSn are described as BMS.

PCS2は、電力系統(図示略)と接続されており、電力系統から取得した交流電力を直流電力に変換し、組電池A側に出力する。また、パワーコンディショナ2は、組電池A側から放電された直流電力を交流電力に変換し、電力系統側に送電する。
組電池Aは、二次電池から構成されている。また、本実施形態で使用する二次電池は、内部抵抗が低い組電池であり、例えば、リチウム二次電池とする。
BMSは、各組電池Aに対応して設けられており、対応する組電池Aの電池電圧を図示しないセンサ等によって計測し、電池電圧情報として制御装置20に出力する。
The PCS 2 is connected to a power system (not shown), converts AC power acquired from the power system into DC power, and outputs the DC power to the assembled battery A side. Moreover, the power conditioner 2 converts the DC power discharged from the assembled battery A side into AC power and transmits the AC power to the power system side.
The assembled battery A is composed of a secondary battery. Further, the secondary battery used in the present embodiment is an assembled battery having a low internal resistance, and is, for example, a lithium secondary battery.
The BMS is provided corresponding to each assembled battery A, measures the battery voltage of the corresponding assembled battery A by a sensor or the like (not shown), and outputs it to the control device 20 as battery voltage information.

電圧均等化装置20は、n個の切替部(切替手段)C1〜Cn及び制御装置(制御手段)3を備えている。以下特に明記しない場合には、切替部は切替部Cとして記述する。
切替部Cは、各組電池Aに対応付けて設けられ、PCS2と組電池Aとの接続及び切り離しを切り替える。具体的には、切替部Cは、制御装置3から取得する開閉信号に基づいて、接続と切り離しが切り替えられる。
The voltage equalization apparatus 20 includes n switching units (switching means) C1 to Cn and a control device (control means) 3. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, the switching unit is described as a switching unit C.
The switching unit C is provided in association with each assembled battery A, and switches connection and disconnection between the PCS 2 and the assembled battery A. Specifically, the switching unit C is switched between connection and disconnection based on an open / close signal acquired from the control device 3.

制御装置3は、電圧値が所定範囲外とされた組電池Aに対応する切替部Cを接続させ、接続された切替部Cに対応する組電池Aを充電及び放電させる。具体的には、制御装置3は、各BMSから取得される電池電圧情報に基づいて、最高電圧値、及び最高電圧値となる組電池Aである組電池A´を検出する。制御装置3は、組電池A´の電圧値(例えば、150V)を各組電池Aの目標電圧値とする電圧指令値とし、所定範囲の中心の電圧値とする。また、制御装置3は、組電池A´以外の組電池Aに対応する切替部Cを順に接続させ、組電池A´以外の組電池Aの電圧値が、電圧指令値となるように充放電を制御する。ここで、所定範囲を示す領域として、電圧指令値に対する上下許容幅(例えば、±1V。)は、任意に設定できるものとする。   The control device 3 connects the switching unit C corresponding to the assembled battery A whose voltage value is out of the predetermined range, and charges and discharges the assembled battery A corresponding to the connected switching unit C. Specifically, the control device 3 detects the assembled battery A ′ that is the assembled battery A having the highest voltage value and the highest voltage value, based on the battery voltage information acquired from each BMS. The control device 3 uses the voltage value (for example, 150 V) of the assembled battery A ′ as a voltage command value that uses the target voltage value of each assembled battery A as a voltage value at the center of a predetermined range. Moreover, the control apparatus 3 connects the switching part C corresponding to assembled batteries A other than assembled battery A 'in order, and is charged / discharged so that the voltage value of assembled batteries A other than assembled battery A' becomes a voltage command value. To control. Here, as an area indicating the predetermined range, a vertical allowable width (for example, ± 1 V) with respect to the voltage command value can be arbitrarily set.

ここで、充電は定電流定電圧制御充電(Constant Current/Constant Voltage;以下「CC−CV充電」という)方式により行われる。具体的には、BMSから検出された組電池Aの電圧値が、目標電圧値(本実施形態では、最高電圧値)より低い充電の初期には、定電流制御(CC)される。充電が進み、組電池Aの電圧値が目標電圧値に到達すると、定電圧制御(CV)され、充電電流が徐々に絞られる。さらに、充電電流が終止電流まで低下すると充電は終了される。同様に、放電は、CC−CV放電方式により行われ、放電初期は定電流制御(CC)され、電圧(組電池Aの電圧)が減少し、目標電圧値に近づくと定電圧制御(CV)に移行される。
このように、制御装置3は、定電流定電圧制御によって組電池Aの電圧値を制御する。
Here, charging is performed by a constant current / constant voltage control charging (Constant Current / Constant Voltage; hereinafter referred to as “CC-CV charging”) method. Specifically, constant current control (CC) is performed at the beginning of charging when the voltage value of the assembled battery A detected from the BMS is lower than the target voltage value (the highest voltage value in the present embodiment). When charging progresses and the voltage value of the assembled battery A reaches the target voltage value, constant voltage control (CV) is performed, and the charging current is gradually reduced. Furthermore, the charging is terminated when the charging current is reduced to the end current. Similarly, the discharge is performed by the CC-CV discharge method, constant current control (CC) is performed at the initial stage of discharge, the voltage (the voltage of the assembled battery A) decreases, and when the voltage approaches the target voltage value (CV) It is transferred to.
Thus, the control apparatus 3 controls the voltage value of the assembled battery A by constant current constant voltage control.

また、制御装置3は、全ての組電池Aの電圧値が所定範囲内であることを検出した場合に、切替部Cを順次接続させ、組電池Aを並列化する。   In addition, when the control device 3 detects that the voltage values of all the assembled batteries A are within a predetermined range, the control unit 3 sequentially connects the switching units C to parallelize the assembled batteries A.

以下に、本実施形態に係る電力貯蔵システム1の制御方法について、具体的な数値を例に挙げて説明する。ここで示される電圧値等の数値は、説明のために用いる一例であって、特に限定されるものでない。
切替部C1〜Cnは非接続状態とされており、BMS1〜BMSnは対応する組電池A1〜Anの電池電圧を計測し、計測結果を電池電圧情報として制御装置3に出力している。複数の組電池Aを1つのPCS2に対して並列接続する場合には、制御装置3は、各BMSから取得した電池電圧情報のうち、最高電圧値(例えば、150V)を検出するとともに、最高電圧値を有する組電池A´(例えば、組電池A1とする)を検出する。制御装置3は、最高電圧値を有する組電池A´以外の組電池A2〜Anに対し、電圧値が150Vになるまで充放電させることを決定する。
Hereinafter, the control method of the power storage system 1 according to the present embodiment will be described using specific numerical values as examples. Numerical values such as voltage values shown here are examples used for explanation, and are not particularly limited.
The switching units C1 to Cn are in a disconnected state, the BMS1 to BMSn measure the battery voltages of the corresponding assembled batteries A1 to An, and output the measurement results to the control device 3 as battery voltage information. When a plurality of assembled batteries A are connected in parallel to one PCS 2, the control device 3 detects the highest voltage value (for example, 150 V) from the battery voltage information acquired from each BMS, and the highest voltage. A battery pack A ′ having a value (for example, battery pack A1) is detected. The control device 3 determines that the assembled batteries A2 to An other than the assembled battery A ′ having the highest voltage value are charged and discharged until the voltage value reaches 150V.

組電池A2の電圧値が140Vであると検出された場合には、切替部C2が接続状態にされ、CC−CV充電制御され、組電池A2が150Vまで充電される。組電池A2の電圧値が150Vと推定された場合には、切替部C2が非接続状態にされる。ここで、切替部C2が非接続にされた後、組電池A2の電圧値がチェックされ、所定範囲内(例えば、150V±1V)であることが検出された場合には、組電池A2の充電は終了とされ、他の所定範囲外となっている組電池A(例えば、組電池A3)の充放電制御に移行する。組電池A2の電圧値が所定範囲外である場合には、切替部C2を接続状態にし、充放電する制御を繰り返し、再度組電池A2の電圧値チェックを行う。   When it is detected that the voltage value of the assembled battery A2 is 140V, the switching unit C2 is brought into a connected state, CC-CV charge control is performed, and the assembled battery A2 is charged to 150V. When the voltage value of the assembled battery A2 is estimated to be 150 V, the switching unit C2 is brought into a disconnected state. Here, after the switching unit C2 is disconnected, the voltage value of the assembled battery A2 is checked, and when it is detected that it is within a predetermined range (for example, 150V ± 1V), the assembled battery A2 is charged. Is finished, and the process proceeds to charge / discharge control of the assembled battery A (for example, the assembled battery A3) that is outside the predetermined range. When the voltage value of the assembled battery A2 is out of the predetermined range, the switching unit C2 is set in the connected state, the charge / discharge control is repeated, and the voltage value of the assembled battery A2 is checked again.

組電池A3の電圧値が155Vであると検出された場合には、切替部C3が接続状態にされ、CC−CV放電制御され、組電池A3が150Vとなるまで放電される。組電池A3の電圧値が150Vと推定された場合には、切替部C3が非接続状態にされる。切替部C3が非接続にされた後、組電池A3の電圧値がチェックされ、所定範囲内150V±1Vであることが検出された場合には、組電池A3の放電は終了とされ、他の組電池Aの充放電制御に移行する。組電池A3の電圧値が所定範囲外である場合には、切替部C3を接続状態にし、充放電する制御を繰り返し、再度組電池A3の電圧値チェックを行う。
このように、所定範囲外となっている組電池Aが、1つずつPCS2側と接続されて充放電する制御が繰り返され、全ての組電池Aの電圧値が所定範囲内(最高電圧値±許容値)に揃えられる。
When it is detected that the voltage value of the assembled battery A3 is 155V, the switching unit C3 is brought into a connected state, CC-CV discharge control is performed, and the assembled battery A3 is discharged until it reaches 150V. When the voltage value of the assembled battery A3 is estimated to be 150V, the switching unit C3 is brought into a disconnected state. After the switching unit C3 is disconnected, the voltage value of the assembled battery A3 is checked, and when it is detected that the voltage is 150 V ± 1 V within the predetermined range, the discharging of the assembled battery A3 is terminated, The process proceeds to charge / discharge control of the assembled battery A. When the voltage value of the assembled battery A3 is out of the predetermined range, the switching unit C3 is set in the connected state, the charge / discharge control is repeated, and the voltage value of the assembled battery A3 is checked again.
Thus, the control of charging and discharging the assembled battery A that is outside the predetermined range is connected to the PCS 2 side one by one, and the voltage values of all the assembled batteries A are within the predetermined range (maximum voltage value ± It is aligned with the tolerance).

全ての組電池Aの電圧値が所定範囲内であることが検出された場合には、切替部C1〜Cnを所定の順序で、順に接続状態にされる。接続する順番としては、例えば、所定範囲内の電圧に揃えた組電池Aの中で、電圧が高い組電池Aから順番に接続することでもよい。これは、電圧を揃えた組電池Aの中で、さらに電圧が近い組電池同士を接続することで、過大な電流を抑える効果がある。このとき、全ての組電池Aの電圧値が所定範囲内となっているので、組電池間に過大な電流を流すことなく複数の組電池Aを並列接続させることができる。   When it is detected that the voltage values of all the assembled batteries A are within the predetermined range, the switching units C1 to Cn are sequentially connected in a predetermined order. The order of connection may be, for example, connecting in order from the assembled battery A having the highest voltage in the assembled battery A having a voltage within a predetermined range. This has an effect of suppressing an excessive current by connecting battery packs having closer voltages in the battery pack A having the same voltage. At this time, since the voltage values of all the assembled batteries A are within the predetermined range, a plurality of assembled batteries A can be connected in parallel without flowing an excessive current between the assembled batteries.

上述した実施形態に係る電力貯蔵システム1においては、上記処理の全て或いは一部を別途ソフトウェアを用いて処理する構成としてもよい。この場合、制御装置3は、CPU、RAM等の主記憶装置、及び上記処理の全て或いは一部を実現させるためのプログラム(例えば、電圧均等化プログラム)が記録されたコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体を備えている。そして、CPUが上記記憶媒体に記録されているプログラムを読み出して、情報の加工・演算処理を実行することにより、上述の制御装置3と同様の処理を実現させる。
ここでコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体とは、磁気ディスク、光磁気ディスク、CD−ROM、DVD−ROM、半導体メモリ等をいう。また、このコンピュータプログラムを通信回線によってコンピュータに配信し、この配信を受けたコンピュータが当該プログラムを実行するようにしても良い。
The power storage system 1 according to the above-described embodiment may be configured to process all or part of the above processing using separate software. In this case, the control device 3 includes a main storage device such as a CPU and a RAM, and a computer-readable recording medium on which a program (for example, a voltage equalization program) for realizing all or part of the above processing is recorded. I have. Then, the CPU reads out the program recorded in the storage medium and executes information processing / calculation processing, thereby realizing the same processing as the control device 3 described above.
Here, the computer-readable recording medium means a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a semiconductor memory, or the like. Alternatively, the computer program may be distributed to the computer via a communication line, and the computer that has received the distribution may execute the program.

以上説明してきたように、本実施形態に係る電圧均等化装置1及び方法並びにプログラム、電力貯蔵システム1によれば、複数の二次電池を有する組電池A1〜Anが、1つのPCS2と切替部C1〜Cnを介して並列に接続され、電圧値が所定範囲外とされた組電池Aは、対応する切替部Cが接続されることにより充電及び放電が制御される。また、全ての組電池Aの電圧値が所定範囲内であることが検出された場合に、切替部Cが順次接続され、組電池Aが並列化される。
このように、所定範囲内になるように各組電池Aの電圧値を制御し、全ての組電池Aの電圧値が所定範囲内となった後に組電池Aを並列化させるので、内部抵抗が低い組電池(例えば、リチウム二次電池)を使用する場合であっても、組電池A間に過大な電流が流れることを防ぎ、組電池の損傷や材料の劣化を防ぐことができる。
As described above, according to the voltage equalization apparatus 1 and method, the program, and the power storage system 1 according to the present embodiment, the assembled batteries A1 to An having a plurality of secondary batteries are converted into one PCS2 and a switching unit. Charging and discharging of the assembled battery A connected in parallel via C1 to Cn and having a voltage value outside the predetermined range is controlled by connecting the corresponding switching unit C. Further, when it is detected that the voltage values of all the assembled batteries A are within the predetermined range, the switching unit C is sequentially connected, and the assembled batteries A are parallelized.
Thus, the voltage value of each assembled battery A is controlled to be within the predetermined range, and the assembled batteries A are parallelized after the voltage values of all the assembled batteries A are within the predetermined range. Even when a low assembled battery (for example, a lithium secondary battery) is used, it is possible to prevent an excessive current from flowing between the assembled batteries A, and to prevent damage to the assembled battery and deterioration of materials.

また、電池電圧を計測し、充放電制御することにより電圧差を管理し、切替部Cを接続する作業が自動化されるので、作業者による作業が不要となるほか、手動作業と比較し、電圧差の調整及び組電池の並列接続時間が短縮される。
さらに、組電池を並列接続する場合に、組電池A間の電圧差を調整後に、手動で切替部の接続と切り離しをする場合と比較してヒューマンエラーが発生することがなく、組電池の損傷や材料の劣化を確実に防ぐことができる。
In addition, the battery voltage is measured, the voltage difference is managed by charge / discharge control, and the work of connecting the switching unit C is automated, so that the work by the operator is unnecessary and the voltage is compared with the manual work. The adjustment of the difference and the parallel connection time of the assembled battery are shortened.
Furthermore, when battery packs are connected in parallel, after adjusting the voltage difference between battery packs A, there is no human error compared to the case of manually connecting and disconnecting the switching unit, and the battery pack is damaged. And deterioration of the material can be surely prevented.

本実施形態で説明した電力貯蔵システムの電圧均等化方法は、例えば、システム立ち上げ時、メンテナンス時、組電池Aの交換時などに用いて好適である。   The voltage equalization method for the power storage system described in the present embodiment is suitable for use, for example, at system startup, maintenance, and replacement of the assembled battery A.

なお、本実施形態においては、組電池Aのうち最高電圧値を電圧指令値(所定範囲内の中心の電圧値)とすることとして説明していたが、より好ましくは、複数の組電池Aの電圧値の平均値を、電圧指令値(所定範囲内の中心の電圧値)とすることである。組電池の電圧値を平均電圧値に揃えるよう制御することにより、多数の組電池が互いに小さな電圧差(平均電圧値付近の電圧値)であり、それ以外の少数の組電池と多数の組電池とに大きな電圧差がある場合には、各組電池の充放電にかかる制御量が、比較的少なくて済む。   In the present embodiment, the maximum voltage value of the assembled battery A has been described as the voltage command value (the central voltage value within a predetermined range), but more preferably, the plurality of assembled batteries A An average value of the voltage values is set as a voltage command value (a central voltage value within a predetermined range). By controlling the voltage value of the assembled battery to be equal to the average voltage value, a large number of assembled batteries have a small voltage difference (a voltage value near the average voltage value) from each other, and a small number of other assembled batteries and a large number of assembled batteries When there is a large voltage difference between them, the amount of control required for charging and discharging each assembled battery can be relatively small.

1 電力貯蔵システム
2 パワーコンディショナ(PCS)
3 制御装置(制御手段)
10 電力貯蔵装置
20 電圧均等化装置
A1〜An 組電池
BMS1〜BMSn バッテリマネジメントシステム(BMS)
C1〜Cn 切替部(切替手段)

1 Power storage system 2 Power conditioner (PCS)
3 Control device (control means)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Electric power storage apparatus 20 Voltage equalization apparatus A1-An assembled battery BMS1-BMSn Battery management system (BMS)
C1-Cn switching part (switching means)

Claims (7)

一の電力変換器に対して、二次電池からなる組電池が複数並列に接続される電力貯蔵装置の電圧均等化装置であって、
各前記組電池に対応付けて設けられ、前記電力変換器と前記組電池との接続及び切り離しを切り替える切替手段と、
電圧値が所定範囲外とされた前記組電池に対応する前記切替手段を接続させ、接続された前記切替手段に対応する前記組電池を充電及び放電させる制御手段と、を具備し、
前記制御手段は、全ての前記組電池の電圧値が所定範囲内であることを検出した場合に、前記切替手段を順次接続させ、前記組電池を並列化する電圧均等化装置。
A voltage equalizing device for a power storage device in which a plurality of assembled batteries made of secondary batteries are connected in parallel to one power converter,
Switching means provided in association with each of the assembled batteries, and switching between connection and disconnection of the power converter and the assembled battery;
Control means for connecting the switching means corresponding to the assembled battery whose voltage value is out of a predetermined range, and charging and discharging the assembled battery corresponding to the connected switching means,
When the control means detects that the voltage values of all the assembled batteries are within a predetermined range, the control means sequentially connects the switching means to parallelize the assembled batteries.
前記制御手段は、定電流定電圧制御によって前記組電池の電圧値を制御し、前記所定範囲内に設けられる目標電圧値を前記定電流定電圧制御の指令値とする請求項1に記載の電圧均等化装置。   2. The voltage according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls a voltage value of the assembled battery by constant current and constant voltage control, and uses a target voltage value provided in the predetermined range as a command value of the constant current and constant voltage control. Equalizing device. 前記制御手段は、複数の前記組電池のうち電圧値が最も高い前記組電池の電圧値を、前記所定範囲内の中心の電圧値とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の電圧均等化装置。   3. The voltage equalization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit sets a voltage value of the assembled battery having the highest voltage value among a plurality of the assembled batteries as a central voltage value within the predetermined range. . 前記制御手段は、複数の前記組電池の電圧値の平均値を、前記所定範囲内の中心の電圧値とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の電圧均等化装置。   3. The voltage equalizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control unit sets an average value of voltage values of the plurality of assembled batteries as a central voltage value within the predetermined range. 請求項1から請求項4のいずれかに記載の電圧均等化装置を備えた電力貯蔵システム。   The power storage system provided with the voltage equalization apparatus in any one of Claims 1-4. 一の電力変換器に対して、二次電池からなる組電池が複数並列に接続される電力貯蔵装置の電圧均等化方法であって、
各前記組電池に対応付けて設けられ、前記電力変換器と前記組電池との接続及び切り離しを切替手段によって切り替え、
前記組電池の電圧値が所定範囲内にない場合には、電圧値が所定範囲外とされた前記組電池に対応する前記切替手段を接続させ、接続された前記切替手段に対応する前記組電池を充電及び放電させ、
全ての前記組電池の電圧値が所定範囲内となった場合に、前記切替手段を順次接続させ、前記組電池を並列化する電圧均等化方法。
A voltage equalization method for a power storage device in which a plurality of assembled batteries including secondary batteries are connected in parallel to one power converter,
Provided in association with each of the assembled batteries, switching and switching between the power converter and the assembled battery by a switching means,
When the voltage value of the assembled battery is not within a predetermined range, the switching unit corresponding to the assembled battery whose voltage value is out of the predetermined range is connected, and the assembled battery corresponding to the connected switching unit Charge and discharge
A voltage equalization method in which when the voltage values of all the assembled batteries are within a predetermined range, the switching means are sequentially connected to parallelize the assembled batteries.
一の電力変換器に対して、二次電池からなる組電池が複数並列に接続される電力貯蔵装置の電圧均等化プログラムであって、
各前記組電池に対応付けて設けられ、前記電力変換器と前記組電池との接続及び切り離しを切替手段によって切り替える処理と、
前記組電池の電圧値が所定範囲内にない場合には、電圧値が所定範囲外とされた前記組電池に対応する前記切替手段を接続させ、接続された前記切替手段に対応する前記組電池を充電及び放電させる処理と、
全ての前記組電池の電圧値が所定範囲内となった場合に、前記切替手段を順次接続させ、前記組電池を並列化する処理と
をコンピュータに実行させるための電圧均等化プログラム。
A voltage equalization program for a power storage device in which a plurality of assembled batteries made of secondary batteries are connected in parallel to one power converter,
Provided in association with each of the battery packs, a process of switching connection and disconnection between the power converter and the battery pack by a switching means;
When the voltage value of the assembled battery is not within a predetermined range, the switching unit corresponding to the assembled battery whose voltage value is out of the predetermined range is connected, and the assembled battery corresponding to the connected switching unit Charging and discharging, and
A voltage equalization program for causing a computer to execute a process of sequentially connecting the switching means and parallelizing the assembled batteries when the voltage values of all the assembled batteries are within a predetermined range.
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