JP5851057B2 - エンドプラスミンに対する抗体およびその使用 - Google Patents
エンドプラスミンに対する抗体およびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5851057B2 JP5851057B2 JP2015019444A JP2015019444A JP5851057B2 JP 5851057 B2 JP5851057 B2 JP 5851057B2 JP 2015019444 A JP2015019444 A JP 2015019444A JP 2015019444 A JP2015019444 A JP 2015019444A JP 5851057 B2 JP5851057 B2 JP 5851057B2
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- endoplasmin
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Description
本願は、その全体が本明細書中に参考として援用される、2010年6月16日に出願された米国仮出願第61/355,516号の利益を主張する。
本発明は、National Institutes of Healthからの助成金番号CA105500および助成金番号CA138188に従って米国政府の支援によって行われた。米国政府は、本発明のある特定の権利を有する。
これは、抗体の分野、具体的には、エンドプラスミンに特異的に結合する完全ヒト抗体に関する。
メラノーマは、メラノサイトまたはメラノサイト関連母斑細胞に由来する高悪性度でしばしば転移性の腫瘍である(非特許文献1)。メラノーマは、全皮膚がんのおよそ3パーセントを占め、メラノーマの世界的な増加は、女性の肺がんを除く他のいずれの新生物によっても越えられない(“Cellular and Molecular Immunology”(1991)(eds.)Abbas,A.K.,Lechtiman,A.H.,Pober,J.S.;W.B.Saunders Company Philadelphia:340−342頁;非特許文献2)。メラノーマが、明らかに皮膚に局在化しているときであっても、患者の最大30%が、全身転移を起こし、大部分が死亡する(非特許文献2)。メラノーマを処置する従来の様式としては、外科術、放射線照射および化学療法が挙げられる。過去10年間で、メラノーマを処置するための有望な新規方法として免疫療法および他の分子方法が登場してきた。
エンドプラスミン(Grp94)に特異的に結合する単離されたモノクローナル抗体およびこれらの抗体の抗原結合フラグメントが、本明細書中に開示される。いくつかの実施形態において、これらの抗体は、完全ヒト抗体である。これらの抗体は、ヒトエンドプラスミン(endoplamin)に対して高親和性を有し、がんを処置するためおよび/または診断するために使用され得る。1つの例において、そのモノクローナル抗体は、scFvである。
本発明の好ましい実施形態では、例えば以下が提供される:
(項目1)
単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントであって、該抗体は、配列番号1のアミノ酸26〜33(CDR1)、配列番号1のアミノ酸51〜58(CDR2)、配列番号1のアミノ酸97〜103(CDR3)またはその2つもしくは3つの組み合わせを含み、該抗体は、ヒトエンドプラスミンに特異的に結合する、単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目2)
前記抗体が、配列番号2のアミノ酸27〜32(CDR1)、配列番号2のアミノ酸50〜52(CDR2)、配列番号2のアミノ酸89〜97(CDR3)またはその2つもしくは3つの組み合わせを含む、項目1に記載の単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目3)
前記抗体の重鎖可変ドメインが、配列番号1のアミノ酸26〜33(CDR1)、配列番号1のアミノ酸51〜58(CDR2)、配列番号1のアミノ酸97〜103(CDR3)を含み、該抗体の軽鎖の可変ドメインが、配列番号2のアミノ酸27〜32(CDR1)、配列番号2のアミノ酸50〜52(CDR2)および配列番号2のアミノ酸89〜97(CDR3)を含む、項目1〜2のいずれか1項に記載の単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目4)
前記抗体の重鎖が、配列番号1を含む、項目1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目5)
前記抗体の軽鎖が、配列番号2を含む、項目1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目6)
前記抗体の重鎖が、配列番号1を含み、該抗体の軽鎖が、配列番号2を含む、項目1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目7)
前記抗原結合フラグメントが、Fabフラグメント、Fab’フラグメント、F(ab)’2フラグメント、単鎖Fvタンパク質(scFv)またはジスルフィド安定化Fvタンパク質(dsFv)である、項目1〜6のいずれかに記載の単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目8)
前記抗体がscFvである、項目7に記載のヒトモノクローナル抗体の単離された抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目9)
前記抗体がIgGである、項目1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目10)
前記抗体が標識されている、項目1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目11)
前記標識が、蛍光標識、酵素標識または放射性標識である、項目10に記載の単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体または抗原結合フラグメント。
(項目12)
項目1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の単離された抗体または抗原結合フラグメントおよび薬学的に許容され得るキャリアを含む、組成物。
(項目13)
エフェクター分子に連結された項目1〜9のいずれかに記載のヒトモノクローナル抗体または抗原結合フラグメントを含む、単離された免疫結合体。
(項目14)
前記エフェクター分子が、シュードモナス(Pseudomonas)外毒素(PE)またはそのバリアントもしくはフラグメントである、項目13に記載の単離された免疫結合体。
(項目15)
項目14に記載の単離された免疫結合体および薬学的に許容され得るキャリアを含む、組成物。
(項目16)
エンドプラスミンを発現するがんを有すると診断された被験体を処置する方法であって、
治療有効量の項目12または項目15に記載の組成物を該被験体に投与し、
それによって、該被験体内のエンドプラスミンを発現するがんを処置する工程を包含する、方法。
(項目17)
前記がんが、メラノーマ、乳がん、頭頸部扁平上皮癌、腎がん、肺がん、神経膠腫、卵巣がん、膀胱がんまたは膵臓腺癌である、項目16に記載の方法。
(項目18)
前記被験体を処置する工程が、転移の数またはサイズを減少させる工程を包含する、項目17に記載の方法。
(項目19)
被験体においてがんを検出するかまたはがんの診断を確認する方法であって:
項目1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体または抗原結合フラグメントと該被験体由来のサンプルとを接触させる工程;および
該サンプルへの該単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体または抗原結合フラグメントの結合を検出する工程
を包含し、ここで、コントロールサンプルへの該単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合の結合と比べた、該サンプルへの該単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体または抗原結合フラグメントの結合の増加は、該被験体においてがんを検出するか、または該被験体におけるがんの診断を確認する、方法。
(項目20)
前記単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体または抗原結合フラグメントが、直接標識されている、項目19に記載の方法。
(項目21)
前記単離されたヒトモノクローナル抗体または抗原結合フラグメントに特異的に結合する二次抗体と前記サンプルとを接触させる工程、および
該二次抗体の結合を検出する工程
をさらに包含し、
コントロールサンプルへの該二次抗体の結合と比べた、該サンプルへの該二次抗体の結合の増加は、該被験体におけるがんを検出するか、または該被験体におけるがんの診断を確認する、項目19または20に記載の方法。
(項目22)
前記がんが、メラノーマ、乳がん、頭頸部扁平上皮癌、腎がん、肺がん、神経膠腫、膀胱がん、卵巣がんまたは膵がんである、項目19〜21のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目23)
前記コントロールサンプルが、がんを有しない被験体由来のサンプルである、項目19〜22のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目24)
前記サンプルが、血液、尿、バイオプシー、血清、痰、血漿または脳脊髄液サンプルである、項目19〜23のいずれかに記載の方法。
(項目25)
前記がんが転移性である、項目19〜24のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目26)
項目1〜11のいずれかに記載のヒトモノクローナル抗体または抗原結合フラグメントをコードする、単離された核酸分子または組換え核酸分子。
(項目27)
前記ヒトモノクローナル抗体のVHドメインが、配列番号3のヌクレオチド配列またはその縮重バリアントを含む、項目26に記載の単離された核酸分子または組換え核酸分子。
(項目28)
前記ヒトモノクローナル抗体のVLドメインが、配列番号4のヌクレオチド配列またはその縮重バリアントを含む、項目26または項目27に記載の単離された核酸分子または組換え核酸分子。
(項目29)
異種プロモーターに作動可能に連結された、項目26〜28のいずれか1項に記載の単離された核酸分子または組換え核酸分子。
(項目30)
項目26〜29のいずれか1項に記載の単離された核酸分子または組換え核酸分子を含む、発現ベクター。
(項目31)
項目25〜28のいずれか1項に記載の核酸分子または項目30に記載の発現ベクターで形質転換された、単離された宿主細胞。
(項目32)
治療有効量の化学療法因子を前記被験体に投与する工程をさらに包含する、項目16に記載の方法。
(項目33)
前記化学療法因子が、5−フルオロウラシル、シクロパミン、放射線照射またはそれらの組み合わせである、項目32に記載の方法。
(項目34)
前記エフェクター分子が、サイトカイン、ケモカイン、化学療法因子または放射性ヌクレオチドである、項目13に記載の免疫結合体。
(項目35)
前記エフェクター分子が、サイトカインまたはケモカインである、項目34に記載の免疫結合体。
添付の配列表に列挙される核酸配列およびアミノ酸配列は、37C.F.R.1.822に規定されているように、ヌクレオチド塩基に対する標準的な文字の省略形、およびアミノ酸に対する3文字コードを用いて示される。各核酸配列の片方の鎖だけが示されるが、相補鎖は、表示される鎖に対する任意の参照によって含められると理解される。配列表は、ASCIIテキストファイル[Sequence_Listing.txt、2011年6月15日、19.4KB]として提出されており、それは、本明細書中に参考として援用される。
I.省略形
5−FU:フルオロウラシル
ADCC:抗体依存性細胞媒介性細胞傷害
Ag:抗原
ALDHbright:アルデヒドデヒドロゲナーゼ(bright)
アネキシンV:アネキシンA5
β−カテニン:カドヘリン結合タンパク質
B−Raf:セリン/トレオニン−タンパク質キナーゼB−Raf
CDC:補体依存性細胞傷害
CDR:相補性決定領域
C−Raf:RAF癌原遺伝子セリン/トレオニン−タンパク質キナーゼ
DEAB:4−(ジエチルアミノ)ベンズアルデヒド
DMEM:ダルベッコ改変イーグル培地
ER:小胞体
ERK1/2:細胞外シグナル制御キナーゼ1/2
FAK:接着斑キナーゼ
FBS:ウシ胎児血清
FR:フレームワーク領域
GLI1:神経膠腫関連癌遺伝子ホモログ1
Grp:グルコース調節タンパク質
Gy:グレイ
HRP:西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ
Ig:免疫グロブリン
mAb:モノクローナル抗体
MEK:マイトジェン活性化タンパク質キナーゼキナーゼ
Met:c−Met
O.D.:光学濃度
PBS:リン酸緩衝食塩水
p−ERK1/2:リン酸化細胞外シグナル制御キナーゼ1/2
p−FAK:リン酸化(phosphoryalted)接着斑キナーゼ
PI:ヨウ化プロピジウム
RAS:RAt肉腫
scFv:VHとVLの両方の単鎖可変領域
SHH:ソニックヘッジホッグホモログ
VH:可変重鎖領域
VL:可変軽鎖領域。
別段述べられない限り、専門用語は、慣例的用法に従って使用される。分子生物学における一般的な用語の定義は、Benjamin Lewin,Genes V,Oxford University Pressによる出版,1994(ISBN0−19−854287−9);Kendrewら(eds.),The Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology,Blackwell Science Ltd.による出版,1994(ISBN0−632−02182−9);およびRobert A.Meyers(ed.),Molecular Biology and Biotechnology:a Comprehensive Desk Reference,VCH Publishers,Inc.による出版,1995(ISBN1−56081−569−8)に見られ得る。
抗体:抗原(例えば、エンドプラスミンまたはそのフラグメント)のエピトープを特異的に認識し、それに特異的に結合する、少なくとも軽鎖免疫グロブリン可変領域または重鎖免疫グロブリン可変領域を含むポリペプチドリガンド。抗体は、重鎖および軽鎖から構成され、その各々が、可変重鎖(VH)領域および可変軽鎖(VL)領域と呼ばれる可変領域を有する。まとめると、VH領域およびVL領域は、抗体によって認識される抗原への結合に関与する。
1)アラニン(A)、セリン(S)、トレオニン(T);
2)アスパラギン酸(D)、グルタミン酸(E);
3)アスパラギン(N)、グルタミン(Q);
4)アルギニン(R)、リジン(K);
5)イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、バリン(V);および
6)フェニルアラニン(F)、チロシン(Y)、トリプトファン(W)
相補性決定領域(CDR):天然のIg結合部位の天然のFv領域の結合親和性および特異性を一体となって規定するアミノ酸配列。Igの軽鎖および重鎖の各々は、それぞれL−CDR1、L−CDR2、L−CDR3およびH−CDR1、H−CDR2、H−CDR3と命名された3つのCDRを有する。
ステージ0:上皮内黒色腫(クラークレベルI)、100%生存
ステージI/II:浸潤性メラノーマ、85〜95%生存
T1a:1.00mm未満の原発性、潰瘍化なし、クラークレベルII〜III
T1b:1.00mm未満の原発性、潰瘍化ありまたはクラークレベルIV〜V
T2a:1.00〜2.00mmの原発性、潰瘍化なし
ステージII:高リスクメラノーマ、40〜85%生存
T2b:1.00〜2.00mmの原発性、潰瘍化あり
T3a:2.00〜4.00mmの原発性、潰瘍化なし
T3b:2.00〜4.00mmの原発性、潰瘍化あり
T4a:4.00mm以上の原発性、潰瘍化なし
T4b:4.00mm以上の原発性、潰瘍化あり
ステージIII:領域転移、25〜60%生存
N1:1つの陽性リンパ節
N2:2〜3つの陽性リンパ節、または領域皮膚/イントランジット転移
N3:4つの陽性リンパ節、またはリンパ節および領域皮膚/イントランジット転移
ステージIV:遠隔転移、9〜15%生存
M1a:遠隔皮膚転移、正常な乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(LDH)
M1b:肺転移、正常なLDH
M1c:他の遠隔転移または高LDHを伴う任意の遠隔転移
モノクローナル抗体:Bリンパ球の単一クローン、単一抗体の軽鎖遺伝子および重鎖遺伝子がトランスフェクトされた細胞、または抗体ライブラリー内の特定のファージによって産生される抗体(そのモノクローナル抗体は、明確なセットのCDRを含み、かつ目的の標的抗原に特異的に結合する)。モノクローナル抗体は、当業者に公知の方法によって、例えば(これらに限定されないが)ミエローマ細胞と免疫脾臓細胞との融合によってハイブリッド抗体形成細胞を作製することによって、または抗体配列のファージディスプレイライブラリーから選択することによって、作製される。モノクローナル抗体には、ヒト化モノクローナル抗体および完全ヒトモノクローナル抗体が含まれる。本明細書中で使用されるとき、モノクローナル抗体の機能的フラグメントには、そのモノクローナル抗体に対する標的タンパク質(抗原結合)に特異的に結合する抗体フラグメント(例えば、scFv、Fv、dsRvまたはFabであるがこれらに限定されない)が含まれる。モノクローナル抗体は、グリコシル化されたエピトープなどの抗原性エピトープに特異的に結合する。モノクローナル抗体には、二官能性抗体(ここで、1つ以上のCDRセットが、エンドプラスミンなどの標的抗原に特異的に結合する)ならびにエフェクター機能が増強されたFcおよび他のグリコール操作抗体が含まれる。
ステージ0:腫瘍のエビデンスなし。
ステージI:腫瘍の最大径は、2cm以下である;領域リンパ節転移または遠隔転移のエビデンスなし。
ステージII:腫瘍は、2cmより大きいが4cm以下である;領域リンパ節転移または遠隔転移のエビデンスなし。
ステージIII:腫瘍は、4cmより大きい;場合によっては、腫瘍は、リンパ節に広がっている;遠隔転移のエビデンスなし。
ステージIV:腫瘍は、リンパ節に広がっている;場合によっては、遠隔転移が存在する。
完全ヒトモノクローナル抗体などのモノクローナル抗体を含む、エンドプラスミン(Grp94)に特異的に結合する抗体が作製された。これらの抗体および/またはその抗原結合(antigen−biding)フラグメントは、エンドプラスミンを単離するために使用され得、エンドプラスミンを発現する腫瘍(例えば、メラノーマ、乳がん、頭頸部扁平上皮癌、腎がん、肺がん、神経膠腫、膀胱がんまたは膵がんであるがこれらに限定されない)を検出するためおよび/または処置するために使用され得る。これらの抗体は、検出可能な標識またはエフェクター分子に結合体化され得る。
(1)Fab(抗体分子の一価の抗原結合フラグメントを含み、ホール抗体をパパイン酵素で消化することによって作製され、インタクトな軽鎖および一方の重鎖の一部をもたらすことができる、フラグメント);
(2)Fab’(抗体分子のこのフラグメントは、ホール抗体をペプシンで処理した後、還元することにより得られ、インタクトな軽鎖および重鎖の一部をもたらすことができる;抗体分子1つあたり2つのFab’フラグメントが得られる);
(3)(Fab’)2(ホール抗体をペプシン酵素で処理することによって(その後の還元は行わない)得ることができる、抗体のフラグメント;F(ab’)2は、2つのジスルフィド結合によって保持される2つのFab’フラグメントの二量体である);
(4)Fv(2本の鎖として発現される軽鎖の可変領域および重鎖の可変領域を含む遺伝的に操作されたフラグメント);および
(5)単鎖抗体(例えば、scFv)(遺伝的に融合された一本鎖分子として、好適なポリペプチドリンカーによって連結された軽鎖の可変領域、重鎖の可変領域を含む、遺伝的に操作された分子として定義される)
(6)単鎖抗体の二量体(scFV2)(scFVの二量体として定義され、これは「ミニ抗体」とも呼ばれる)
が挙げられる。
1)アラニン(A)、セリン(S)、トレオニン(T);
2)アスパラギン酸(D)、グルタミン酸(E);
3)アスパラギン(N)、グルタミン(Q);
4)アルギニン(R)、リジン(K);
5)イソロイシン(I)、ロイシン(L)、メチオニン(M)、バリン(V);および
6)フェニルアラニン(F)、チロシン(Y)、トリプトファン(W)。
ヒトエンドプラスミンに特異的に結合するヒトモノクローナル抗体またはその機能的フラグメントは、治療方法および診断方法(例えば、メラノーマ、乳がん、頭頸部扁平上皮癌、腎がん、肺がん、神経膠腫、膀胱がん、卵巣がんまたは膵がんの処置および検出のための方法)において使用され得る。治療的に使用する場合、それらの方法は、メラノーマ、乳がん、頭頸部扁平上皮癌、腎がん、肺がん、神経膠腫、膀胱がん、卵巣がんまたは膵がん(例えば、膵臓腺癌)の処置などのために、エンドプラスミンに特異的に結合する治療有効量の抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントを被験体に投与する工程を包含し得る。
本明細書中に提供されるポリペプチド(抗体、その抗原結合フラグメント、免疫結合体および融合タンパク質を含むがこれらに限定されない)をコードする核酸分子(ポリヌクレオチドとも称される)は、本明細書中に提供されるアミノ酸配列、当該分野において入手可能な配列および遺伝暗号を用いて、当業者によって容易に作製され得る。さらに、当業者は、機能的に等価な核酸(例えば、配列が異なるが同じエフェクター分子または抗体配列をコードする核酸)を含む種々のクローンを容易に構築することができる。したがって、抗体、結合体および融合タンパク質をコードする核酸が、本明細書中に提供される。
キャリア、およびエンドプラスミンに特異的に結合する抗体またはエンドプラスミンに特異的に結合するその抗原結合フラグメントの1つ以上を含む組成物が本明細書中に提供される。免疫結合体または免疫毒素を含む組成物も提供される。それらの組成物は、被験体に投与するための単位剤形で調製され得る。投与の量およびタイミングは、所望の目的を達成するために、処置している医師の判断による。その抗体は、全身性投与または局所(例えば、腫瘍内)投与のために製剤化され得る。1つの例において、エンドプラスミンに特異的に結合する抗体は、静脈内投与などの非経口投与のために製剤化される。
エンドプラスミンの発現をインビトロで検出するための方法が本明細書中に提供される。1つの例において、エンドプラスミンの発現は、生物学的サンプルにおいて検出される。そのサンプルは、任意のサンプルであり得、それらとしては、バイオプシー、オートプシーおよび病理検体由来の組織が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。生物学的サンプルには、組織の切片、例えば、組織学的目的のために採取された凍結切片も含まれる。生物学的サンプルには、さらに、血液、血清、血漿、痰、髄液または尿などの体液が含まれる。
材料および方法
下記の実施例では、以下の材料および方法を使用した:
細胞株:ヒトメラノーマ細胞株WM1158、MV3、COLO38、SK−MEL−28、M14およびFO−1、ヒト乳癌腫細胞株SUM149、MDA−MB−435s、MCF−7、T47D、ヒト頭頸部がん細胞株PCI−13、ヒト膵臓細胞株Panc2.03、Panc3.27、Panc10.05、ヒト結腸がん細胞株40−16、ヒト腎がん細胞株SLR21、ヒト前立腺がん細胞株Du145、ヒト卵巣がん細胞株OVCAR3、ヒト神経膠腫がん細胞株U−138、ヒト子宮頸がん細胞株HeLa、ならびにヒトBリンパ系細胞株LG2を、10%ウシ胎児血清(FBS:BioWhittaker,Walkersville,MD,USA)および2mM L−グルタミン(BioWhittaker)が補充されたRPMI1640培地(Cellgro,Mediatech,Washington,DC,USA)中で維持した。ヒト膀胱がん細胞株T24、ヒト肺がん細胞株A549、ヒト類表皮がん細胞株A431、ヒト神経膠腫がん細胞株A−172およびヒト293細胞株を、10%FBSが補充されたDMEM培地(Lonza,Verviers,Belgium)中で増殖させた。細胞は、5%CO2雰囲気中、37℃において培養した。
細胞株、細胞溶解産物および組織。ヒトメラノーマ細胞株M21、MV3およびSK−MEL−5、ヒト膵臓腺癌細胞株MiaPaCa−2およびPANC1、ヒト神経膠腫細胞株U1338MG、ヒト乳癌細胞株SUM149およびMDA−MB−231、ヒト中皮腫細胞株Phi、ヒト結腸がん細胞株RKO、ヒト卵巣がんOVCAR3、ヒト肉腫細胞株HT1080、ヒト多発性骨髄腫細胞株MM.8、ヒトBリンパ系細胞株RAJI、ならびにマウスミエローマ細胞株NSOを、2mM L−グルタミン(Cellgro)および10%ウシ胎児血清(FBS)(PAA Laboratories Inc)が補充されたRPMI1640培地中で維持した。細胞は、5%CO2雰囲気中、37℃において培養された。細胞溶解産物は、記載されているように(Desaiら、Cancer Res 1998;58(11):2417−25)調製した。
メラノーマ細胞に結合するscFvフラグメントの単離
合成ファージscFvライブラリー(#1)を、WM1158細胞を用いて4回のパニングに供した。単離されたファージを、培養されたヒトLG−2 Bリンパ系細胞に吸収させることにより、ヒト細胞と共有されるAgに結合しているファージを除去した。可溶性scFvを、80個のクローンから作製し、メラノーマ細胞との反応性について細胞ELISAにおいて試験した。試験されたクローンのうち、W9と命名されたscFvは、WM1158細胞株と強く反応した。LG−2細胞との反応性は検出されなかったので、その反応性は特異的だった。関連性のない抗原を認識するscFv #119を、ネガティブコントロールとして使用した(図1)。
scFv W9の反応性
ヒト細胞株のパネルを用いるELISAによって試験したとき、可溶性scFv W9は、メラノーマ細胞株(MV3、COLO38、SK−MEL−28、M14、FO−1)、基底乳がん細胞株(SUM149、MDA−MB−435s)、頭頸部がん細胞株(PCI−13)、膵がん細胞株(PANC2.03、PANC3.27、PANC10.05)、膀胱がん細胞株(T24)、肺がん細胞株(A549)、類表皮がん細胞株(A431)、子宮頸がん細胞株(HeLa)、腎がん細胞株(SLR21)、卵巣がん細胞株(OVCAR3)および神経膠腫がん細胞株(U−138、A−172)と反応した。そのscFvフラグメントは、乳管がん細胞株(MCF−7、T47D)、結腸がん細胞株40−16、前立腺がん細胞株Du145およびBリンパ系細胞株LG−2とは反応しなかった(図2)。
scFv W9の特異性の免疫化学的解析およびタンデム質量分析によるGrp94の同定
WM1158aから得られた全細胞溶解産物の、scFv W9を用いた免疫沈降によって、およそ100KDaにおける独特のバンドが同定された(図3)。scFv #119をネガティブコントロールとして使用した。MV3(メラノーマ)、SUM149(基底乳がん)、T24(膀胱がん)およびSLR21(腎がん)細胞株の溶解産物を使用したとき、同じ結果が得られた。種々の細胞溶解産物からの、scFv W9によって免疫沈降された100KDaの特異的なバンドを切り出し、トリプシンでゲル内消化した。得られたトリプシン処理ペプチドの液体クロマトグラフィ−タンデム質量分析による解析から、エンドプラスミン(Grp94)のみに由来する2つのトリプシン処理ペプチド(ELISNASDALDK(配列番号7)およびGVVDSDDLPLNVSR(配列番号8))が同定された(図4)。
scFv W9によって認識される決定基の発現に対するツニカマイシンの影響およびそのエピトープのさらなる特徴づけ
scFv W9が、糖タンパク質のN−グリコシル化のインヒビターであるツニカマイシンで処理されたCOLO38細胞と反応しなかったので、このscFvフラグメントによって認識されるエンドプラスミン(Grp94)上のエピトープの発現にグリコシル化が関与する(図4)。DMSOだけを用いたときは、阻害は観察されなかった。さらに、同じ条件下でのTP25.99mAb(コントロール)の場合も、阻害は観察されなかった。これらのデータから、scFv W9によるエンドプラスミン(Grp94)の認識には炭水化物が不可欠であることが示唆される。
エンドプラスミン(Grp94)イヌ組換えタンパク質とscFv W9の反応性
BSAを用いたときは結合が検出されなかったので(ネガティブコントロール、図5B)、scFv W9は、エンドプラスミン(endoplasmint)(Grp94)イヌ組換えタンパク質(RC−Grp94)と用量依存的様式で特異的に反応した(図5A)。さらに、RC−Grp94は、COLO38細胞とscFv W9との結合に用量依存的様式で特異的に影響した。β2−ミクログロブリン(microglobuline)(ネガティブコントロール)が、阻害効果を示さなかったので、上記阻害は、用量依存的かつ特異的だった(図6)。
scFv W9の結合に対するエレクトロポレーションの影響
エレクトロポレーションされる293細胞を、エンドプラスミン(Grp94)完全長cDNAまたはベクター単独(pCMV−XL4、ネガティブコントロール)で一過性にトランスフェクトした。トランスフェクション効率(94%)をGFP発現によって評価した。トランスフェクションの24時間後に回収した細胞を、scFv W9およびmAb 9E10とインキュベートした後、FITC−ヤギ抗マウスIgG抗体とインキュベートした。細胞をフローサイトメトリーによって解析した。トランスフェクトされていない細胞をコントロールとして使用した。エンドプラスミン(endoplamsin)(Grp94)(図7A)およびプラスミド単独(図7B)で処理された細胞において、scFv W9の結合の大幅な増加が観察された。これらのデータから、scFvの結合が、エレクトロポレーションによって増加したこと、および熱ショックが、scFv W9によって認識される抗原の発現を制御することが示唆される。
scFv W9の結合に対するエンドプラスミン(Grp94)に標的化されたshRNAの影響
FO−1細胞に、エンドプラスミン(Grp94)のノックダウンを行うためのshRNA、またはコントロールとしてABCB5 shRNAを形質導入した。形質導入の72時間後に、細胞を回収し、scFv W9およびmAb 9E10とインキュベートした後、FITC−ヤギ抗マウスIgG抗体とインキュベートした。細胞をフローサイトメトリーによって解析した。Grp94 shRNA(図8A)は、コントロールshRNA(図8B)と比べて、scFv W9の結合を有意に阻害した。
がん細胞に対するmAb W9の影響
がん細胞に対するmAb W9の影響を評価した。具体的には、MTT解析は、mAb W9が、試験されたすべてのエンドプラスミン陽性(Grp94+)腫瘍細胞株の成長を有意に阻害したことを示した。しかしながら、Grp94−Raji細胞株では影響は観察されなかった。成長の阻害が、コントロールとして使用されたヒト免疫グロブリンを用いたときは観察されなかったので、抗増殖効果は、特異的だった(図13)。したがって、mAb W9は、がん細胞の増殖を阻害した。
がんを処置するためのエンドプラスミン特異的モノクローナル抗体
この実施例には、エンドプラスミンの過剰発現を示すがん(本明細書中で「エンドプラスミン陽性」がんと称される)(メラノーマ、乳がん、頭頸部扁平上皮癌、腎がん、肺がん、神経膠腫、膀胱がん、卵巣がんまたは膵がんが挙げられるがこれらに限定されない)を処置するためのエンドプラスミン特異的ヒトモノクローナル抗体の使用が記載される。エンドプラスミン陽性がんを有すると診断された患者は、当該分野において標準的な手順に従って処置され得る。一般に、処置の選択肢としては、外科術、放射線治療、化学療法、免疫療法またはインターフェロン療法が挙げられる。
Claims (15)
- エンドプラスミンを発現するがんを有すると診断された被験体を処置するための、免疫結合体を含む組成物であって、
ここで、該免疫結合体が、ヒトモノクローナル抗体またはその抗原結合フラグメントとエフェクター分子とを含み;
該ヒトモノクローナル抗体の重鎖可変ドメインが、配列番号1のアミノ酸26〜33(CDR1)、配列番号1のアミノ酸51〜58(CDR2)、配列番号1のアミノ酸97〜103(CDR3)を含み、該ヒトモノクローナル抗体の軽鎖可変ドメインが、配列番号2のアミノ酸27〜32(CDR1)、配列番号2のアミノ酸50〜52(CDR2)および配列番号2のアミノ酸89〜97(CDR3)を含み、
ここで、該抗体または抗原結合フラグメントがエンドプラスミンに特異的に結合する、組成物。 - 前記ヒトモノクローナル抗体の重鎖可変ドメインが、配列番号1を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ヒトモノクローナル抗体の軽鎖可変ドメインが、配列番号2を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記ヒトモノクローナル抗体の重鎖可変ドメインが配列番号1を含み、前記ヒトモノクローナル抗体の軽鎖可変ドメインが配列番号2を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗原結合フラグメントが、Fabフラグメント、Fab’フラグメント、F(ab)’2フラグメント、単鎖Fvタンパク質(scFv)またはジスルフィド安定化Fvタンパク質(dsFv)である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗原結合フラグメントがscFvである、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 前記ヒトモノクローナル抗体がIgGである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記エフェクター分子が、シュードモナス(Pseudomonas)外毒素(PE)またはそのバリアントもしくはフラグメントである、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記エフェクター分子が、サイトカイン、ケモカイン、化学療法因子または放射性ヌクレオチドである、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記エフェクター分子が、サイトカインまたはケモカインである、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記サイトカインがインターフェロンである、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 前記がんが、メラノーマ、乳がん、頭頸部扁平上皮癌、腎がん、肺がん、神経膠腫、卵巣がん、膀胱がんまたは膵臓腺癌である、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記被験体への前記組成物の投与が、転移の数またはサイズを減少させる、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、治療有効量の化学療法因子と組み合わせて投与されるものであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記化学療法因子が、5−フルオロウラシル、シクロパミン、放射線照射またはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項14に記載の組成物。
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CA2802857A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
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JP2013538042A (ja) | 2013-10-10 |
AU2011268356B2 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
EP3135692B1 (en) | 2018-08-01 |
CN104689314B (zh) | 2018-02-02 |
HK1209060A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
EP3135692A1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
US8497354B2 (en) | 2013-07-30 |
WO2011159835A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
US9902766B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 |
US20140010811A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
JP2015127328A (ja) | 2015-07-09 |
ES2611479T3 (es) | 2017-05-09 |
CN103068851B (zh) | 2015-03-11 |
CN103068851A (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
US11078260B2 (en) | 2021-08-03 |
ES2695899T3 (es) | 2019-01-11 |
EP3135692B8 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
EP2582727A4 (en) | 2013-12-18 |
US20160207990A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
JP2015038143A (ja) | 2015-02-26 |
EP2582727A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
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