JP5837930B2 - 創傷の治癒を加速する医薬送達装置及び増殖因子製剤 - Google Patents
創傷の治癒を加速する医薬送達装置及び増殖因子製剤 Download PDFInfo
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Description
誤解及び不明確さを回避するため、本明細書において頻繁に使用される幾つかの用語を以下のように定義及び例示する。
a)好ましくは、少なくともシスチンノットドメインを含む、生物学的に活性なタンパク質フラグメント;
b)アミノ酸置換を含有するタンパク質又はコンストラクトの元の配列に対して追加の配列(付加された生物学的機能を有する又は有さない)を過剰に含有する、生物学的に活性なタンパク質コンストラクト;
c)a)とb)の任意の組み合わせ。
-粘膜/上皮表面の完全性を保存するレチノイド(ビタミンA誘導体);
-表皮剥離を向上させるヒドロキシ酸(アルファヒドロキシ酸(AHA)とベータヒドロキシル酸(BHA)に更に分類される有機カルボン酸)、すなわちグルコール酸、乳酸、クエン酸、マンデル酸、リンゴ酸及び酒石酸;
-フリーラジカルの悪影響に反作用する酸化防止剤、すなわちビタミンC、ビタミンE、パンテノール、リポ酸、ユビキノン、ナイアシンアミド、ジメチルアミノエタノール、スピントラップ、メラトニン、カタラーゼ、グルタチオン、スーパーオキシドジムスターゼ、ペルオキシダーゼ、グルコピラノシド、ポリフェノール、システイン、アラントイン、フルフリルアデニン、尿酸及びカルノシン;
-色素沈着過剰を緩和する脱色剤、すなわちN-アセチル-4-S-システアニミルフェノール、コウジ酸、アルブチン、アゼライン酸、カジノキ化合物、ケミカルピーリング剤(レゾルシノール、サリチル酸)、Kligman製剤、Pathak製剤及びWesterhof製剤;
-植物性薬品、すなわちカモミール、チョウセンニンジン、イチョウ、クルクミン、グリシルリジン、カプサイシン及びアロエベラ;
-表皮再生を支持するグリコサミノグリカン、すなわちヒアルロン酸;
-脂質分解を仲介する抗脂肪沈着剤、すなわちテオブロミン、テオフィリン、アミノフィリン、カフェイン、エピネフリンなどのベータアドレナリン作動性刺激物質及びヨヒンビン、ピペロキサン及びフェントラミンなどのアルファ1-アドレナリン作動性刺激物質;
-パパイン及びDNA修復酵素などの酵素;
-ホルモン、すなわちエストロゲン、プロゲステロン、テストステロン及び成長ホルモン;
-抗微生物剤、すなわちトリクロサン、クロルヘキシジン、ポビドンヨード、過酸化水素、ふけ防止調合剤、亜鉛ピリチオン;
-ケミカルUVフィルター、すなわち3-ベンジリデンショウノウ(3-BC)又は4-メチルベンジリデンカンファー(4-MBC);
-更なる緩衝剤、安定剤、防腐剤、還元剤、酸化防止キレート剤、等張性を修飾する作用物質、脱臭剤、麻酔剤、佐剤及び可溶性向上添加剤。
項目1)
一つ又は複数の溶解GDF-5関連タンパク質を含む少なくとも一つの液体構成成分Aと固体構成成分Bから構成され、
a)前記液体構成成分Aが0.001〜5%の、トレハロース、硫酸デキストラン、カルボキシメチルデキストラン及び硫酸カルボキシメチルデキストランからなる群より選択される有機添加剤を含み、したがって構成成分Bへの含有GDF-5関連タンパク質の少なくとも75%の結合を永久的に防止すること、並びに
b)前記構成成分Bが一つ又は複数の非晶質熱可塑性ポリマーを含むこと
によって特徴付けられる、医療装置。
項目2)
前記非晶質熱可塑性ポリマーがポリスルホン系プラスチック及びポリエーテルイミドからなる群より選択される、前記項目の医療装置。
項目3)
前記固体構成成分Bが液体構成成分Aの貯蔵用及び/又は組織再生部位への液体構成成分Aの送達用に一つ又は複数の合成又は半合成構造要素を含む、前記項目のうちのいずれか一つの医療装置。
項目4)
液体構成成分Aの貯蔵用及び/又は組織再生部位への送達用の前記合成又は半合成構造要素が、中空繊維、毛管、チュービング、タンク、容器、メッシュ、スポンジ状要素及び/又は膜からなる群より選択される、前記項目の医療装置。
項目5)
糖尿病性及び他の潰瘍、熱傷、皮膚傷害及び/又は植皮を含む創傷の治癒を改善するため、神経成長を誘導する又は神経死を防止するため、血管新生を促進するため、前駆細胞及び/又は骨髄細胞の増殖を誘導するため、臓器又は組織移植用の組織又は細胞の処理又は保存のために増殖又は分化の状態を維持するため、骨格要素の関節に関する変性障害の治療のため、並びに/或いは半月板及び/又は脊椎/椎間板の修復のための、項目1〜4のいずれか一つの医療装置の使用。
項目6)
組織再生の促進のための、前記に主張されたもののいずれか一つの医療装置の使用であって、前記組織が、皮膚組織、結合組織、骨、軟骨、結合組織接合点、腱、靱帯、脊椎/椎間板、半月板、歯の組織、象牙質、歯周靱帯、毛髪、感覚系の組織、肝臓、膵臓、心臓、血管、腎臓、子宮及び甲状腺組織、粘膜、内皮、上皮又は神経組織からなる群より選択される使用。
項目7)
溶液中のGDF-5関連タンパク質が非晶質熱可塑性ポリマー、生分解性材料又はポリビニルピロリドンに結合するのを防止する方法であって、トレハロース、硫酸デキストラン、カルボキシメチルデキストラン又は硫酸カルボキシメチルデキストラン(最終濃度: 0.001〜5%)を、GDF-5関連タンパク質の前記溶液に加えることを特徴とする方法。
項目8)
前記生分解性材料が、織布又は不織布コラーゲン、ゼラチン、ポリラクチド(PLA)、ポリグリコリド(PGA)、ポリカプロラクトン(PCL)ポリラクチド、デキストラン、ヒアルロン酸及びキトサン又はこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される、前記項目の方法。
(実施例1)
中性pHでの緩衝水溶液(PBS)中のGDF-5関連タンパクの送達
最初の実験セットでは、水性緩衝系中のGDF-5又は関連タンパク質が中空繊維毛管装置を通過するかを調査した。例として、rhGDF-5を1×リン酸緩衝生理食塩水に溶解して、6mLの、最終濃度が1μg/mLのGDF-5溶液を生じた。5mLのGDF-5溶液をシリンジにより中空繊維毛管装置に適用した。中空繊維毛管装置の微細孔に残ったGDF-5溶液を、ペトリ皿に収集した。中空繊維毛管装置を通過したGDF-5の含有量を定量化するため、毛管通過前後の試料のアリコートをGDF-5特異的サンドイッチELISAにより分析した。GDF-5のELISAは、rhGDF-5に対する二つのモノクローナル抗体に基づいている。酵素のアビジン-ペルオキシダーゼは、第三試薬の添加により第二抗体に結合する。検出は、基質テトラメチルベンジジンジヒドロクロリドの黄色染料への酵素的変換により実施され、次に測光法により決定される。rhGDF-5の不明試料は、rhGDF-5標準の試験シリーズを使用して定量化される。
10mMのHCl、pH2.0中のGDF-5関連タンパク質の送達
10mMのHCl、pH2.0はGDF-5関連タンパク質を溶解する最適な緩衝剤であるので、10mMのHCl、pH2.0中のGDF-5が中空繊維毛管装置を通過するかを調査した。手順は、rhGDF-5(1μg/mL)をPBSの代わりに10mMのHCl、pH2に適用した以外は、実施例1に記載されたものと同じ条件下で実施した。
血清タンパク質を用いる遮断による非特異的結合の防止
不要なタンパク質相互作用を低減する一つの戦略は、多量のタンパク質(例えば、ヒト血清アルブミン)により毛管の自由結合部位を遮断することである。遮断手順において、中空繊維毛管装置を5mLのヒト血清とプレインキュベートした。遮断工程の後、PBSに溶解した5mLのrhGDF-5(1μg/mL)を中空繊維毛管装置に注入した。中空繊維毛管装置の通過前後のrhGDF-5の含有量を、実施例1に記載されたように分析した。結果を図12に示す。
硫酸デキストランの添加による非特異的rhGDF-5結合の防止
不要なタンパク質相互作用を低減する別の戦略は、添加剤をrhGDF-5溶液に加えることである(例えば、硫酸デキストラン又はトレハロース)。この目的のために、rhGDF-5を、水中1%(10mg/ml)硫酸デキストラン(Amersham 17-0340-01、ロット99250)を含む緩衝剤に溶解した。この実験において、以下のrhGDF-5濃度を分析した:10ng/mL、50ng/mL、100ng/mL、500ng/mL及び1000ng/mL。
トレハロースの添加による非特異的rhGDF-5結合の防止
硫酸デキストランの代替的な炭水化物添加剤はトレハロースである。トレハロースによる実験は、トレハロースを硫酸デキストランの代わりに使用した以外は実施例4に記載されたとおりに実施した。
トレハロース及び硫酸デキストランを用いるrhGDF-5の温度安定性研究
創傷治癒用薬剤の製剤の重要な基準は、体温での薬剤安定性である。したがって、1%トレハロース又は0.1%硫酸デキストランの存在下でのrhGDF-5の短期安定性研究を、37℃で一週間実施した。この目的のため、それぞれ1%トレハロース、5mM酢酸ナトリウム、pH5.0及び水中0.1%硫酸デキストランに溶解した200μg/mLのrhGDF-5を含有する、30μlの6つのアリコートを調製した。rhGDF-5溶液を37℃で1週間保存し、一つのアリコートを毎日取り出し、安定性研究が7日目に完了するまで-80℃で保存した。温度ストレス試料のrhGDF-5含有量を、ストレス試験を行わずに-80℃で直接保存したrhGDF-5のアリコートと比較した。試料を、実施例1に記載されたrhGDF-5サンドイッチELISAにより分析した。結果を図16に示す。1%トレハロース、5mM酢酸ナトリウム、pH5.0により又は水性緩衝剤中の0.1%硫酸デキストランにより処方されたとき、rhGDF-5は、37℃で少なくとも一週間安定していることを実証することができた。
トレハロース及び硫酸デキストランを用いるrhGDF-5の凍結/解凍安定性研究
薬剤安定性にとって別の重要な態様は、薬剤中の添加剤が、生体活性を失うことなく、rhGDF-5の反復凍結/解凍サイクルを支持することである。したがって、1%トレハロース又は0.1%硫酸デキストランの存在下でのrhGDF-5の安定性研究を、37℃で一週間実施した。この目的のため、それぞれ1%トレハロース、5mM酢酸ナトリウム、pH5.0及び1×リン酸緩衝生理食塩水中0.1%硫酸デキストランに溶解した200μg/mLのrhGDF-5を含有する、30μlのアリコートを調製した。rhGDF-5溶液を-80℃で一晩保存し、次に室温で解凍した。凍結/解凍サイクルを四回(C1〜C4)繰り返した。ストレス試料のrhGDF-5含有量を、ストレス試験を受けないで-80℃で直接保存したrhGDF-5のアリコートと比較した。試料を、実施例1に記載されたrhGDF-5サンドイッチELISAにより分析した。結果を図17に示す。1%トレハロース、5mM酢酸ナトリウム、pH5.0により又は水性緩衝剤の0.1%硫酸デキストランにより処方されたとき、rhGDF-5を、活性を失うことなく、少なくとも四回凍結及び解凍できることを実証することができた。
1%トレハロース中のrhGDF-5の生体活性研究
rhGDF-5製剤の緩衝剤における炭水化物添加剤がGDF-5生体活性に対して影響を有するかという疑問に対処するため、細胞に基づいたアルカリホスファターゼ(ALP)活性アッセイを実施した。1%トレハロース、5mM酢酸ナトリウム、pH5.0に溶解したrhGDF-5 (200μg/mL)の生物学的活性を、マウス間質MCHT 1/26細胞(Hoechst Japan Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan)で測定した。MCHT 1/26細胞を、2mMのL-グルタミン(Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany)及び10%ウシ胎児血清(Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany)を補充した細胞培地(alpha-MEM, (Sigma, Taufkirchen, Germany)において、96マルチウェルプレートのウェル1つあたり4.5×103細胞で平板培養した。24時間後、細胞を、10mMのHCl又は1%トレハロース、5mM酢酸ナトリウム、pH5.0のいずれかに溶解したrhGDF-5で刺激した。細胞をインキュベートする前に、rhGDF-5溶液を細胞培地で更に希釈して、14.8〜1200ng/mLの範囲のrhGDF-5濃度にした。72時間後、細胞をリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)で洗浄し、1%のNonidet P40、0.1Mのグリシン、pH9.6(Sigma, Taufkirchen, Germany)、1mMのMgCl2及び1mMのZnCl2(Merck, Darmstadt, Germany)を含有するアルカリリン酸緩衝剤1で抽出した。十分な細胞溶解を達成するために、細胞を37℃で15〜18時間インキュベートした。アルカリホスファターゼ酵素活性を、0.1Mのグリシン、pH 9.6、1mMのMgCl2及び1mMのZnCl2中の基質としての10mMのp-ニトロフェニルホスフェート(Pierce, Bonn, Germany)を用いてアッセイした。37℃で30分間インキュベートした後、吸収を、自動マイクロプレート読み取り機(Tecan Spectra Rainbow, TECAN, Crailsheim, Germany)により、空試験値減算を考慮しながら405nMで測定した。結果を図18に示す。
中空繊維毛管装置を介して適用された1%トレハロース中rhGDF-5による創傷治癒in vivo研究
創傷治癒は、糖尿病を罹患している患者及び重篤な熱傷を有する患者において重大な問題であるので、本発明者たちは、それ自体で治癒しない慢性創傷の治癒過程を助長するために、rhGDF-5の皮膚送達装置を開発した。
細胞増殖に対するrhGDF-5の影響を調査するために、単離ヒト細胞に対する細胞培養アッセイを実施した。線維芽細胞及び角化細胞をヒト皮膚生検から直接単離し、rhGDF-5とインキュベートした。興味深いことに、非常に低い濃度のrhGDF-5(75ng/mL)は、細胞増殖に約30%の増加をもたらす。本発明者たちは、この効果が慢性創傷(例えば、糖尿病足部潰瘍)の創傷治癒及び再生過程を加速することを示唆する。
Claims (8)
- 一つ又は複数の溶解GDF-5関連タンパク質を含む少なくとも一つの液体構成成分Aと固体構成成分Bから構成され、
a)前記液体構成成分Aが、トレハロース、硫酸デキストラン、カルボキシメチルデキストラン及び硫酸カルボキシメチルデキストランからなる群より選択される有機添加剤を0.001〜5%含み、したがって、含有GDF-5関連タンパク質の少なくとも75%の、構成成分Bへの結合を永久的に防止すること、並びに
b)前記構成成分Bが一つ又は複数の非晶質熱可塑性ポリマーを含むこと
を特徴とする医療装置。 - 前記非晶質熱可塑性ポリマーが、ポリスルホン系プラスチック及びポリエーテルイミドからなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の医療装置。
- 前記固体構成成分Bが、液体構成成分Aの貯蔵用及び/又は組織再生部位への液体構成成分Aの送達用の一つ又は複数の合成又は半合成構造要素を含む、請求項1または2に記載の医療装置。
- 液体構成成分Aの貯蔵用及び/又は組織再生部位への送達用の前記合成又は半合成構造要素が、中空繊維、毛管、チュービング、タンク、容器、メッシュ、スポンジ状要素及び/又は膜からなる群より選択される、請求項3に記載の医療装置。
- 糖尿病性及び他の潰瘍、熱傷、皮膚傷害及び/又は植皮を含む創傷の治癒を改善するため、神経成長を誘導する又は神経死を防止するため、血管新生を促進するため、前駆細胞及び/又は骨髄細胞の増殖を誘導するため、臓器又は組織移植用の組織又は細胞の処理又は保存のために増殖又は分化の状態を維持するため、骨格要素の関節に関する変性障害の治療のため、並びに/或いは半月板及び/又は脊椎/椎間板の修復のための、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の医療装置。
- 組織再生の促進のための請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の医療装置であって、前記組織が、皮膚組織、結合組織、骨、軟骨、結合組織接合点、腱、靱帯、脊椎/椎間板、半月板、歯の組織、象牙質、歯周靱帯、毛髪、感覚系の組織、肝臓、膵臓、心臓、血管、腎臓、子宮及び甲状腺組織、粘膜、内皮、上皮又は神経組織からなる群より選択される、医療装置。
- 溶液中のGDF-5関連タンパク質が非晶質熱可塑性ポリマー、生分解性材料又はポリビニルピロリドンに結合するのを防止する方法であって、トレハロース、硫酸デキストラン、カルボキシメチルデキストラン又は硫酸カルボキシメチルデキストラン(最終濃度: 0.001〜5%)を、GDF-5関連タンパク質の前記溶液に加えることを特徴とする方法。
- 前記生分解性材料が、織布又は不織布コラーゲン、ゼラチン、ポリラクチド(PLA)、ポリグリコリド(PGA)、ポリカプロラクトン(PCL)ポリラクチド、デキストラン、ヒアルロン酸及びキトサン又はこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。
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