JP5827327B2 - リン酸輸送を阻害する化合物及び方法 - Google Patents
リン酸輸送を阻害する化合物及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5827327B2 JP5827327B2 JP2013518847A JP2013518847A JP5827327B2 JP 5827327 B2 JP5827327 B2 JP 5827327B2 JP 2013518847 A JP2013518847 A JP 2013518847A JP 2013518847 A JP2013518847 A JP 2013518847A JP 5827327 B2 JP5827327 B2 JP 5827327B2
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 230
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims description 132
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 125
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 title claims description 124
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 61
- -1 trifluoromethyl phenyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 63
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 208000020832 chronic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 19
- 201000005991 hyperphosphatemia Diseases 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims description 17
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
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- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 10
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
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- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- ZNSIZMQNQCNRBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sevelamer Chemical compound NCC=C.ClCC1CO1 ZNSIZMQNQCNRBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- MECHNRXZTMCUDQ-RKHKHRCZSA-N vitamin D2 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)/C=C/[C@H](C)C(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C MECHNRXZTMCUDQ-RKHKHRCZSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003563 calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000000523 end stage renal failure Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000171 (C1-C6) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010048554 Endothelial dysfunction Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 101001051973 Homo sapiens Fibroblast growth factor 23 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000028208 end stage renal disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008694 endothelial dysfunction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003693 sevelamer Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005415 substituted alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N vitamin D3 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017569 La2(CO3)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001558 benzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(III) citrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- NZPIUJUFIFZSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-H lanthanum carbonate Chemical compound [La+3].[La+3].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O NZPIUJUFIFZSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001633 lanthanum carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000587 piperidin-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000001474 proteinuria Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- IOHPVZBSOKLVMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylethyl)benzoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 IOHPVZBSOKLVMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- KHNXRSIBRKBJDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sevelamer hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NCC=C.ClCC1CO1 KHNXRSIBRKBJDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229960002413 ferric citrate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- OWRCAQMSDBZHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J magnesium iron(2+) oxido hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound C(OO)([O-])=O.[Mg+2].[Fe+2].OOC([O-])=O.OOC([O-])=O.OOC([O-])=O OWRCAQMSDBZHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- 229960003027 sevelamer hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 137
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 134
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 117
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 107
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 100
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 64
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 57
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
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- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 48
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 36
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 34
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 33
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 31
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
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- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 26
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 26
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- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-N vancomycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=C2C=C3C=C1OC1=CC=C(C=C1Cl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](C3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C=3C(O)=CC=C1C=3)C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(C(=C1)Cl)O2)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)[C@H]1C[C@](C)(N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003165 vancomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vancomycin Natural products O1C(C(=C2)Cl)=CC=C2C(O)C(C(NC(C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C=2C(O)=CC=C3C=2)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C3NC(=O)C2NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC)C(O)C(C=C3Cl)=CC=C3OC3=CC2=CC1=C3OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1OC1CC(C)(N)C(O)C(C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003966 vascular damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000019553 vascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000005166 vasculature Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940124549 vasodilator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003071 vasodilator agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008215 water for injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
- A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
- A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/4965—Non-condensed pyrazines
- A61K31/497—Non-condensed pyrazines containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P5/00—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
- A61P5/18—Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the parathyroid hormones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
- A61P7/08—Plasma substitutes; Perfusion solutions; Dialytics or haemodialytics; Drugs for electrolytic or acid-base disorders, e.g. hypovolemic shock
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D239/32—One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
- C07D239/42—One nitrogen atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
- C07D241/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D241/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D241/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D241/20—Nitrogen atoms
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- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Description
本願は、2010年7月7日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/362,125号の35U.S.C.§119(e)の利益を主張するものであり、この仮出願は、その全体が参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
Xは、置換アリール又は置換ヘテロアリールであり、
Yは、ハロゲン、任意選択により置換されているアルキルアミノ、任意選択により置換されているアルコキシ、任意選択により置換されているチオアルキル、任意選択により置換されているシクロアルキル、任意選択により置換されているヘテロシクリル、任意選択により置換されているアリール、-O(任意選択により置換されているシクロアルキル)、-O(任意選択により置換されているヘテロシクリル)、又は-O(任意選択により置換されているアリール)であり、
各R1は、独立に、水素、C1〜6アルキル、又はC1〜6ハロアルキルであり、
R2は、任意選択により置換されているアリール又は任意選択により置換されているヘテロアリールである]。
(i)特に哺乳動物が、ある状態を有していると診断されていなくても、その状態に罹患しやすい場合に、かかる哺乳動物において疾患若しくは状態が生じるのを防止すること、
(ii)疾患若しくは状態を阻害する、すなわちその進行を抑止すること、
(iii)疾患若しくは状態を軽減する、すなわち疾患若しくは状態の退行を引き起こすこと、又は
(iv)疾患若しくは状態から生じる症状を軽減する、すなわち根本的な疾患若しくは状態に対処することなく疼痛を軽減すること、
が含まれる。本明細書で使用される場合、用語「疾患」及び「状態」は、交換可能に使用することができ、又は特定の病弊若しくは状態が、公知の原因因子を有しておらず(したがって、その病因がまだ解明されていない)、したがって疾患としてはまだ認識されていないが、望ましくない状態若しくは症候群としてのみ認識されている(一連の多少の具体的な症状が、臨床医によって既に同定されている)という点で異なっていてもよい。
Xは、置換アリール又は置換ヘテロアリールであり、
Yは、ハロゲン、任意選択により置換されているアルキルアミノ、任意選択により置換されているアルコキシ、任意選択により置換されているチオアルキル、任意選択により置換されているシクロアルキル、任意選択により置換されているヘテロシクリル、任意選択により置換されているアリール、-O(任意選択により置換されているシクロアルキル)、-O(任意選択により置換されているヘテロシクリル)、又は-O(任意選択により置換されているアリール)であり、
各R1は、独立に、水素、C1〜6アルキル、又はC1〜6ハロアルキルであり、
R2は、任意選択により置換されているアリール又は任意選択により置換されているヘテロアリールである]。
(a)-CH2S(O)0〜2(任意選択により置換されているC1〜6アルキル)C(=O)NR7R4、
(b)-CH2S(O)0〜2(任意選択により置換されているC1〜6アルキル)NR7R4、
(c)-CH2S(O)0〜2(任意選択により置換されているC1〜6アルキル)C(=O)OR5、
(d)-CH2S(O)0〜2(任意選択により置換されているC1〜6アルキル)OR5、
(e)-CH2S(O)0〜2(任意選択により置換されているC1〜6アルキル)R6、
(f)-CH2S(O)0〜2R6、
(g)-CH2S(O)0〜2NR7R4、
(h)-CH2S(O)0〜2(CH2CH2O)xR5、
(i)-CH2NR7(CH2CH2O)xR5、
(j)-C(=O)NR7(任意選択により置換されているC1〜6アルキル)C(=O)NR7R4、
(k)-C(=O)NR7(任意選択により置換されているC1〜6アルキル)NR7R4、
(l)-C(=O)NR7(任意選択により置換されているC1〜6アルキル)C(=O)OR5、
(m)-C(=O)NR7(任意選択により置換されているC1〜6アルキル)OR5、
(n)-C(=O)NR7(任意選択により置換されているC1〜6アルキル)R6、又は
(o)-C(=O)NR7(CH2CH2O)xR5
であり、
R4は、水素、ヒドロキシル、アルコキシ、任意選択により置換されているC1〜6アルキル、任意選択により置換されているアリール、任意選択により置換されているヘテロシクリル又は任意選択により置換されているヘテロアリールであり、
R5は、水素、任意選択により置換されているC1〜6アルキル、任意選択により置換されているアリール、任意選択により置換されているヘテロシクリル又は任意選択により置換されているヘテロアリールであり、
R6は、任意選択により置換されているアリール、任意選択により置換されているヘテロシクリル又は任意選択により置換されているヘテロアリールであり、
R7は、水素又は任意選択により置換されているC1〜6アルキルであり、
xは、2から10の整数である。
A.物理特性及び性能特性
本開示によれば、本明細書に記載の化合物は、ヒト又は動物対象の胃腸管腔において実質的に活性であり、又は限局化するように設計される。用語「胃腸管腔」は、対象のGI上皮細胞の頂端膜によって区切られる胃腸管(腸と呼ぶこともできるGI管)内の空間又は空洞を指すために、本明細書では用語「管腔」と交換可能に使用される。いくつかの実施形態では、化合物は、GI管の上皮細胞層(GI上皮としても公知)を介して吸収されることはない。「胃腸管粘膜」は、胃腸管腔を身体の残りから区別する細胞の層(複数可)を指し、これには、小腸の粘膜などの胃及び腸管の粘膜が含まれる。「胃腸管の上皮細胞」又は「腸の上皮細胞」は、本明細書で使用される場合、例えば胃の上皮細胞、腸上皮細胞、結腸上皮細胞等を含む胃腸管の管腔に面する胃腸管粘膜の表面上にある任意の上皮細胞を指す。
これに関して、様々な実施形態では、化合物が実質的に全身的に生体利用不可能になる能力は、化合物の電荷、サイズ及び/又は他の物理化学的パラメータ(例えば、極性表面積、その中の水素結合の供与体及び/又は受容体の数、自由回転可能な結合の数等)に基づいて決まることに留意すべきである。より具体的には、化合物の吸収の特徴は、薬物動態の原則を適用することによって、例えば「ルールオブファイブ」としても公知のリピンスキーの法則を適用することによって選択され得ることに留意すべきである。法則というよりは一組の指針であるリピンスキーは、特定の閾値を超える(i)分子量、(ii)水素結合供与体の数、(iii)水素結合受容体の数、及び/又は(iv)水/オクタノール分配係数(Moriguchi Log P)を有する小分子薬物が、一般に、有意な全身濃度を示さない(すなわち、一般に任意の有意な度合いまで吸収されない)ことを示す(例えば、参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる、Lipinskiら、Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews、46、2001年、3〜26頁参照)。したがって、実質的に全身的に生体利用不可能な化合物(例えば、実質的に全身的に生体利用不可能なリン酸輸送阻害剤化合物)は、リピンスキーの閾値の一つ又は複数を超える分子構造を有するように設計することができる(参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる、Lipinskiら、Experimental and Computational Approaches to Estimate Solubility and Permeability in Drug Discovery and Development Settings、Adv. Drug Delivery Reviews、46:3〜26頁(2001年)及びLipinski、Drug-like Properties and the Causes of Poor Solubility and Poor Permeability、J. Pharm. & Toxicol. Methods、44:235〜249頁(2000年)も参照)。
他の実施形態では、本開示の治療方法において利用される実質的に不透過性であるか、又は実質的に全身的に生体利用不可能である化合物はさらに、持続的阻害効果を示すことができる。この効果自体は、上皮細胞と平衡状態にある特定の濃度(例えば、その阻害濃度であるIC以上)の化合物の阻害作用が、管腔内容物を簡単に洗浄することにより化合物を枯渇させた後もベースライン(すなわち、阻害剤なしのリン酸輸送)に戻らない場合に現れる。
本開示の治療方法において利用される化合物は、好ましくは実質的に全身的に生体利用不可能であり、且つ/又は好ましくは持続的阻害効果を示すので、これらの化合物は、腸内でのそれらの長い滞留時間の間に、上部GI管に広がる加水分解条件に抵抗することも望ましい。かかる実施形態では、本開示の化合物は、相1及び相2代謝に対して抵抗性がある。例えば、投与された化合物は、好ましくは、腸管粘膜におけるP450酵素、グルクロシル(glucurosyl)トランスフェラーゼ、スルホトランスフェラーゼ、グルタチオンS-トランスフェラーゼ等、並びに一般に当技術分野で公知の胃(例えば、胃リパーゼ及びペプシン)、膵臓(例えば、トリプシン、トリグリセリド膵臓リパーゼ、ホスホリパーゼA2、エンドヌクレアーゼ、ヌクレオチダーゼ及びアルファ-アミラーゼ)及び刷子縁酵素(例えば、アルカリホスファターゼ、グリコシダーゼ及びプロテアーゼ)の活性に対して抵抗性がある。
本開示の様々な実施形態では、本明細書に詳述される化合物の一つ又は複数は、それを必要としている患者に、単独で、又は一つ若しくは複数のさらなる薬学的に活性な化合物若しくは作用物質と組み合わせて投与される場合、NaPi2bに対するIC50未満の、より具体的にはIC50の約10×(10分の1)未満、さらにより具体的にはIC50の約100×(100分の1)未満のCmaxを有することにも留意すべきである。
投与目的では、本発明の化合物は、未加工の化学物質として患者若しくは対象に投与することができ、又は医薬組成物として製剤化することができる。本発明の医薬組成物は、一般に、本発明の化合物及び薬学的に許容される担体、賦形剤又は添加剤を含む。該化合物は、本明細書に記載の通り、対象となる特定の疾患又は状態を治療するのに有効であり、好ましくは患者に対する毒性が許容される量で、組成物中に存在する。該化合物の活性は、例えば以下の実施例に記載の通り、当業者によって決定され得る。適切な濃度及び投与量は、当業者によって容易に決定され得る。
材料。HEK293細胞を、American Type Culture collectionから得、その指示に従って繁殖させた。ラット及びヒトNaP2b(SLC34A2)の発現クローンを、Open Biosystemsから得た(それぞれカタログ番号MRN1768-9510282及びMHS1010-99823026)。ヒトタンパク質の配列を変異させて、残基37の後にスレオニンを挿入し、N39D変異を導入した。
単回経口用量のリンに対する高リン酸血症応答は、Nap2b遺伝子が欠損しているマウスでは著しく弱まることが実証されている(Sabbaghら、J. Am Soc Nephrol.、20(11):2348〜58頁(2009年))。低リン含量の食餌で動物を予め処理し、その後リンの大量瞬時投与を行うことによって、血清リンレベルを、腸によるリン吸収の代わりとして30分後にモニタした。本発明の研究者らは、Np2bが欠失した結果として、血清リン上昇が約40%低下したことを示した。これによって、Nap2b阻害剤がマウスにおいて有し得る、リンの吸収に対する理論的な最大効果は、血清Piによって示される通り40%であることが示される。ここで使用したリンのインビボ大量瞬時投与によるチャレンジモデルは、ラットのこのモデルを模倣する。
7週齢の雄性Sprague-Dawleyラット(Charles-River laboratories international、Hollister、CA)を、最小3日間、気候順応させた。4日間、動物を合成食(0.6%リン及び0.6%カルシウム、Harlan Teklad TD.84122)に切り替えることによって、実験を開始した。この後、食餌及び水の消費、並びに尿及び糞便の収集を1日1日モニタするために、動物を代謝ケージに入れた。3%チョコレート香味剤(w/w、BioServ #7345)を含有する前述の粉末食に、食餌1グラム当たり試験化合物1.3mgで試験化合物を組み込んで、1日当たりの名目上の平均用量が100mg/kg/日になるようにした。後に、各動物に投与された実際の用量を、準備した食餌の消費及び体重を測定することによって決定した。薬物投与の24〜48、48〜72及び72〜96時間後の3回、各24時間の間に尿試料を収集した。これら3回の24時間間隔を平均することによって、各動物の排尿、糞便排出、食餌消費及び水摂取をより忠実に表す測定値を得る。尿中リン酸レベルを、アニオン交換クロマトグラフィーによって、Dionex ICS-3000イオンクロマトグラフィー系を使用して決定した。尿試料を、1:500又は1:1000に希釈し、水酸化カリウム溶出液を使用してIonPac AS18分析カラム(2×250mm)上に注入した。尿中リン酸イオンの溶出を、伝導率検出器によってモニタし、リン酸を含有する標準イオン溶液に対してppmとして報告した。各動物について、準備した食餌において消費されたPに対する毎日の尿中P排出量を算出した。リン吸収阻害の百分率を、対照群(固形飼料中に薬物を含まなかった動物)と比較して、この比率の低下を決定付けることによって推定した。対照群及び治療群の平均の間の差異を、t試験によって評価した。すべての実験において、用量750mg/kgを標的として固形飼料にRenvela粉末を0.9%ブレンドした1群が、常に含まれていた。一般にこれにより、尿中P排出/消費Pが約15%阻害された。
Sprague-Dawleyラットに、名目上の用量2.5mg/kg又は10mg/kgで試験物質を強制経口投与し、0.5、1、2及び4時間目に採血した。血液試料を、K2EDTAを抗凝固剤(anticoaglulant)として使用して処理して、血漿を得た。血漿試料を、内部標準を含有するアセトニトリルで処理し、沈殿したタンパク質を遠心分離によって除去した。上清をLC-MS/MSによって分析し、化合物濃度を、血漿において準備した標準曲線から補間することによって決定した。表6は、選択した実施例化合物の薬物動態プロファイリングからのデータを示す。すべての化合物を、示した投与量で経口投与し、薬物動態パラメータを決定した。
経口強制投与後の糞便における試験化合物レベルの定量的な決定を、血漿における試験化合物の濃度を決定するために使用したのと同じ組の動物(実施例22)を使用して実施した。動物を、代謝ケージで維持し、投与時から投与の48時間後までの糞便を収集した。収集時に、凍結乾燥によって糞便を乾燥させ、視覚的に均質な粉末に粉砕した。各個々の動物から得た粉砕した糞便の二重試料を秤量し、有機溶媒を使用して抽出した。次に、抽出した試料を移動相に希釈し、標準曲線を糞便マトリックスにおいて準備したことを除き、「実施例22」に記載の通り、試験化合物のレベルをLC-MS/MS分析によって定量的に決定した。抽出条件は、個々の化合物に合わせて最適化しなかったので、最小レベルの回収率を表し得る。
Claims (36)
- 以下の構造(I)を有する化合物
[式中、Aは、
Xは、置換アリール又は置換ヘテロアリールであり、
Yは、ハロゲン、置換されていてもよいアルキルアミノ、置換されていてもよいアルコキシ、置換されていてもよいアルキルチオ、置換されていてもよいシクロアルキル、置換されていてもよいヘテロシクリル、置換されていてもよいアリール、-O(置換されていてもよいシクロアルキル)、-O(置換されていてもよいヘテロシクリル)、又は-O(置換されていてもよいアリール)であり、
各R1は、独立に、水素、C1〜6アルキル、又はC1〜6ハロアルキルであり、
R2は、置換されていてもよいアリール又は置換されていてもよいヘテロアリールである]。 - Yが、ハロゲンである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Yが、クロロである、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- Yが、アルキルアミノである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Yが、ジエチルアミノである、請求項4に記載の化合物。
- Yが、アルコキシである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Yが、ヘテロシクリルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Yが、-O(シクロアルキル)である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Xが、-ZR3であり、Zが、アリール又はヘテロアリールであり、R3が、水素ではない置換基である、請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- Zが、アリールである、請求項10に記載の化合物。
- Zが、フェニルである、請求項11に記載の化合物。
- Zが、ヘテロアリールである、請求項10に記載の化合物。
- Zが、ピリジニルである、請求項14に記載の化合物。
- R3が、
(a)-CH2S(O)0〜2(置換されていてもよいC1〜6アルキル)C(=O)NR7R4、
(b)-CH2S(O)0〜2(置換されていてもよいC1〜6アルキル)NR7R4、
(c)-CH2S(O)0〜2(置換されていてもよいC1〜6アルキル)C(=O)OR5、
(d)-CH2S(O)0〜2(置換されていてもよいC1〜6アルキル)OR5、
(e)-CH2S(O)0〜2(置換されていてもよいC1〜6アルキル)R6、
(f)-CH2S(O)0〜2R6、
(g)-CH2S(O)0〜2NR7R4、
(h)-CH2S(O)0〜2(CH2CH2O)xR5、
(i)-CH2NR7(CH2CH2O)xR5、
(j)-C(=O)NR7(置換されていてもよいC1〜6アルキル)C(=O)NR7R4、
(k)-C(=O)NR7(置換されていてもよいC1〜6アルキル)NR7R4、
(l)-C(=O)NR7(置換されていてもよいC1〜6アルキル)C(=O)OR5、
(m)-C(=O)NR7(置換されていてもよいC1〜6アルキル)OR5、
(n)-C(=O)NR7(置換されていてもよいC1〜6アルキル)R6、又は
(o)-C(=O)NR7(CH2CH2O)xR5であり、
R4が、水素、ヒドロキシル、アルコキシ、置換されていてもよいC1〜6アルキル、置換されていてもよいアリール、置換されていてもよいヘテロシクリル又は置換されていてもよいヘテロアリールであり、
R5が、水素、置換されていてもよいC1〜6アルキル、置換されていてもよいアリール、置換されていてもよいヘテロシクリル又は置換されていてもよいヘテロアリールであり、
R6が、置換されていてもよいアリール、置換されていてもよいヘテロシクリル又は置換されていてもよいヘテロアリールであり、
R7が、水素又は置換されていてもよいC1〜6アルキルであり、
xが、2から10の整数である、
請求項10から16のいずれかに記載の化合物。 - 各R1が、水素である、請求項1から20のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- R2が、置換されていてもよいアリールである、請求項1から21のいずれかに記載の化合物。
- R2が、フェニルである、請求項22に記載の化合物。
- R2が、置換されているフェニルである、請求項22に記載の化合物。
- R2が、トリフルオロメチルフェニルである、請求項24に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1から25のいずれかに記載の化合物又はその立体異性体、薬学的に許容される塩若しくはアルコールの酢酸、ギ酸及び安息香酸誘導体並びにアミン官能基のアミド誘導体から選択されるプロドラッグ、及び薬学的に許容される担体、賦形剤又は添加剤を含む医薬組成物。
- 一つ又は複数のさらなる生物学的に活性な作用物質をさらに含む、請求項26に記載の医薬組成物。
- さらなる生物学的に活性な作用物質が、ビタミンD 2 、ビタミンD 3 、活性ビタミンD及び活性ビタミンD類似体から選択される、請求項27に記載の医薬組成物。
- さらなる生物学的に活性な作用物質が、リン酸結合剤であり、化合物が、リン酸結合剤を妨害しない、請求項27に記載の医薬組成物。
- リン酸結合剤が、炭酸セベラマー、塩酸セベラマー、炭酸ランタン、炭酸カルシウム、酢酸カルシウム、MCI-196、クエン酸第二鉄、鉄マグネシウムヒドロキシ炭酸塩、APS1585、SBR-759及びPA-21からなる群から選択される、請求項29に記載の医薬組成物。
- 化合物が、Na/リン酸共輸送の阻害剤として実質的に活性であり、Na/リン酸共輸送が、NaPi2bによって媒介される、請求項26に記載の医薬組成物。
- 有効量の請求項1から25のいずれかに記載の化合物、又は請求項26に記載の医薬組成物を含む、哺乳動物におけるリン酸輸送を阻害するための医薬。
- ナトリウム媒介性リン酸取込みを阻害するための、請求項32に記載の医薬。
- (a)高リン酸血症を治療するための医薬、
(b)腎疾患を治療するための医薬、
(c)透析する時間を遅延するための医薬、
(d)内膜に限局化される血管石灰化を減弱するための医薬、
(e)活性ビタミンDの高リン酸血症作用を低減するための医薬、
(f)FGF23レベルを低減するための医薬、
(g)副甲状腺機能亢進症を減弱するための医薬、
(h)食後の血清リン酸によって誘発される内皮機能障害を改善するための医薬、
(i)尿中リン酸を低減するための医薬、
(j)血清リンレベルを正常化するための医薬、
(k)タンパク尿を治療するための医薬、並びに
(l)血清PTH及びリン酸の濃度又はレベルを低減するための医薬
からなる群から選択される、請求項32に記載の医薬。 - 腎疾患が、慢性腎疾患又は末期腎疾患である、請求項34に記載の医薬。
- 有効量の請求項1から25のいずれかに記載の化合物、又は請求項26に記載の医薬組成物を含む、それを必要としている哺乳動物の高リン酸血症を治療するための医薬。
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