JP5807311B2 - Chair seat with standing support function and chair using it - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a chair seat surface having a standing assist function that makes it easy for a user to stand by tilting the seat surface.

  As you get older, your physical strength declines, making it difficult to get up from a chair. In particular, wheelchair users have some obstacles in walking function, etc., and not only require a lot of labor to stand up, but also may be accompanied by a risk of falling, so safe standing operation is guaranteed when transferring to a chair or wheelchair There are many cases where care is required. On the other hand, in Japan, the declining birthrate and aging population are progressing, and elderly care is provided at home, and there are many cases in nursing care facilities that handle a large number of users. It is getting serious.

  Nursing robots and other devices have been actively developed as a countermeasure, but it still takes a certain period of time to put it into practical use. It is. In addition to robots, various chairs and wheelchairs have been proposed that have a relatively simple structure and have a function of assisting standing of a cared person.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a wheelchair stand-up assisting device that can raise a seated cared person by changing the inclination of the wheelchair itself. However, in the wheelchair standing assistance device proposed here, an electric motor, a pneumatic mechanism or a hydraulic mechanism is used as a driving source for changing the inclination of the wheelchair, and a pulley, a pinion, a rack or the like is used as a power transmission mechanism. Since it is used, there are problems that it is difficult to reduce the manufacturing cost due to the complexity of the structure, and that the weight of the wheelchair itself cannot be avoided.

As a countermeasure for this problem, the present inventor in Patent Document 2 or Patent Document 3, the caregiver tilts the seat surface by stepping on a pedal provided on the wheelchair, and supports the standing of the cared person. Proposing a stand-up assist mechanism with a simple structure. By these proposals, an inexpensive and lightweight stand-up assist mechanism is realized, and a stand-up assist function can be easily added by adding several mechanical parts to the wheelchair, and the thickness of the added seating surface part can be reduced. Since it is thin, the seating surface height does not change so much and the feeling of use of the seating does not change. However, in Patent Document 2, the caregiver needs to be positioned on the rear side of the wheelchair to step on the pedal and cannot support the cared person's body immediately after standing up. May be limited. Moreover, in patent document 3, since a caregiver stands on one foot in order to step on a pedal, instability may arise when supporting a cared person's body. There was room for improvement in these points.

  In Patent Document 4 and Patent Document 5, chairs are proposed in which the rear end of the seat plate is pushed up by a gas cylinder and a push-up spring so that the seat surface is inclined to assist the rising. However, in these proposals, the distance between the line of action of the gas cylinder and the center of rotation of the seat plate needs to be reasonably large for the purpose of ensuring a sufficient moment for pushing up the seating surface to rise. The thickness of the entire seat surface push-up mechanism is large. For this reason, if these proposed standing assistance mechanisms are added to existing chairs or wheelchairs, the seat height rises significantly, and there is a problem that seating with a good feeling of use cannot be ensured. In addition, a mechanism for adjusting the seat surface push-up moment by adjusting the amount of bending of the push-up spring is incorporated, but there is also a problem that a sufficient adjustment range cannot be obtained due to restrictions such as the allowable amount of spring deflection. .

  In patent document 6, the system which pushes up and inclines a seat board with a gas spring and a damper member is proposed. In the region where the seat surface inclination is small and the seat plate push-up moment by the gas spring is small, the push-up moment is obtained by the crushing reaction force of the damper member sandwiched between the seat plate and the seat plate support. In this proposal, there is a merit in that a stand-up assist function can be easily obtained by placing the proposed unit on the seat surface of an existing chair or wheelchair, but the seat height increases and the feeling of use is good. There is a problem that seating cannot be secured. Further, there is a problem that the seat surface pushing-up moment is insufficient in a region where the seat plate inclination is small, which requires the greatest seating surface lifting force when standing up.

  Japanese Patent No. 3553888   JP 2008-154978 A   JP 2011-56228 A   Japanese Patent No. 4015747   Japanese Patent No. 4070895   Utility Model Registration No. 3100983

  The subject of this invention is solving the subject which the above various standing support mechanisms have. In other words, the structure is simple, the manufacturing cost is low, and it can be easily added to an existing chair or wheelchair. It is an object of the present invention to provide a stand-up assisting mechanism that can be operated with a posture that can ensure safety and that can reliably give a seat surface lifting force necessary and sufficient for standing up.

The present invention for solving the above problems, the the upper surface of the seat surface is in a state in which the front end portion and a rotatably combined seat and the bottom plate via a common rotational fulcrum, folded by the seating forms a thin appearance and lower surface of substantially parallel thickness of the bottom surface, the space between the said bearing surface and said bottom plate has one end pivotally attached to said rotation fulcrum near the seat surface, other end pivotably mounted on the rear portion of the bottom plate, and at least one gas spring urges the pushing distance of the rear end of the bottom plate and the rear end of the seat surface, whereas The front end of the arm is in contact with the seat surface, the front end of the other arm is in contact with the bottom plate, and is compressed and mounted from a free state so that the rear end of the seat surface cooperates with the gas spring. less urges the push the distance between the rear end of the bottom plate Both have a one torsion spring, the a torsion spring position adjusting plate and position adjusting plate retainer member, the torsion spring is a coil center of the torsion spring by the torsion spring position adjusting plate and the position regulatory plate retainer member The distance from the shaft to the rotation fulcrum can be fixed by changing and adjusting, and in the folded state, the spread moment of the seat surface around the rotation fulcrum is adjusted and set, and the gas spring and the The chair seat surface is a single unit configured to exert a seat surface lifting force by a resultant force with a torsion spring .

  In the chair seat surface according to the present invention, the gas spring is a lock-equipped gas spring that can be locked and unlocked by an operation.

  Further, the present invention is the chair seat surface characterized in that, in the chair seat surface, the dimension in the seat width direction of the bottom plate is narrower than the width of the seat surface.

Further, in the chair seat surface, the seat surface and the front end of the bottom plate both project downward in an L shape , the rotation fulcrum is formed near the lowermost portion of the projecting portion, and the rear surface of the L projecting surface Is a chair seat surface characterized by being positioned at the front end of the existing chair seat surface.

Further, in the chair seat surface of the present invention, when the torsion spring for adjusting the seat surface lifting force is omitted and the seat surface lifting force is exhibited with only the output of the gas spring , It is not enough to solve the problem.

  Further, the present invention is the chair seat surface characterized in that a handrail used when a user is seated is provided over the bottom surface of the chair seat surface.

  Moreover, this invention is a chair or a wheelchair characterized by having the chair seat surface in any one of the said chair seat surfaces.

  According to the present invention, the following effects can be enjoyed.

  Since no power supply is used and the equipment configuration is simple, manufacturing costs are low.

  In addition, all the mechanical parts are housed in a space between the seating surface and the bottom plate, and when folded, the outer shape can be configured close to a thin rectangular parallelepiped. By fixing the fulcrum shaft, a standing assist function can be easily added to a general-purpose chair or wheelchair. In addition, since the thickness of the seat surface of this chair can be made thin, the seating surface is not so high compared to the height of the seat surface of existing chairs and wheelchairs, there is little change in the feeling of use, and it is comfortable Can be used.

  In addition, the use of a foot pedal or the like is not necessary during use, and it is not necessary for the caregiver to be restrained at a specific position for the operation or to take a specific posture for the operation. Caring can be done with a posture that can ensure the safety of caregivers.

  In addition, the seat surface lifting force is given by the resultant force of the torsion spring that mainly works when the seat surface inclination is small and the gas spring that exerts more force when the seat surface inclination becomes large to some extent. By appropriately selecting the urging force, the seat surface lifting force suitable for the rising operation can be surely applied in the entire region of the seat surface inclination, which is comfortable for the user. In addition, by adjusting the position of the torsion spring, the seat surface push-up moment can be adjusted in a wide range, so even with one main chair seat surface, each user can be compared to a plurality of users with large and small weight. It is possible to provide the optimal seat lifting force.

  Moreover, since the operation speed of the gas spring can be selected, it is possible to suppress an abrupt operation that causes a shock when standing or sitting, and it is comfortable and safe.

  In addition, according to the seat surface of the chair incorporating a gas spring with a lock, when the user is seated, the seat lift force is reduced to zero to obtain a stable feeling of seating. If you want to stop for some reason during standing up or sitting, you can stop at any position by locking operation, and when you want to sit up from standing posture, lock the seat after locking the weight at the position where the seat tilt is maximum It is possible to provide safe and comfortable use even for users who require heavy nursing care, such as being able to sit without impact by releasing.

  In addition, according to this chair seat surface, which is formed with a small size in the seat width direction of the bottom plate, when used on an existing chair with a soft seat surface or a wheelchair, the bottom plate portion is positioned at the existing seat surface position. On the other hand, since it sinks deeper, it is possible to reduce the change in the height of the seating surface and to improve the seating feeling.

Further, according to the chair seat surface formed at the tip of the portion where the seat surface and the front end of the bottom plate are both extended downward in an L shape and the rotation fulcrum is extended in the L shape, the action line of the gas spring and the rotation fulcrum Therefore, it is possible to increase the seat-surface push-up moment even in a region where the seat surface inclination angle is small, thereby reducing the size of the gas spring and torsion spring, and reducing the thickness of the seat surface. It is possible to improve the feeling of use by reducing the increase in the seating height. Further, by positioning the rear surface of the L-shaped overhang at the front end of the existing chair seat surface, an increase in the distance from the front end of the seat surface to the backrest can be suppressed, and the change in seating feeling can be suppressed. it can.

In addition, in this chair seat surface that omits the torsion spring, if the distance between the rotation fulcrum and the line of action of the gas spring output, and the output at the time of maximum compression and output at the maximum extension of the gas spring are appropriately selected Although it is impossible to obtain sufficient seating surface lifting force over the entire movable range of the seating surface as an assisting force when the user stands or sits down, it is lighter and more compact than when a torsion spring is installed. We can expect cost reduction.

  In addition, according to the main chair seat surface extended from the bottom plate and provided with a handrail, when the main chair seat surface is used on a sofa with a wide seat width without a handrail, it is convenient and safe for the user. Can be improved. Further, if the handrail is provided with an operation button or the like for locking and unlocking the gas spring with lock, the user's operation becomes easy.

  In addition, according to the chair and wheelchair in which the seat surface of the chair is integrated, the seating height can be appropriately manufactured from the beginning as compared with the case where the seat surface of the chair is mounted on the seat surface of the existing chair or wheelchair. So the feeling is good.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a bird's-eye view of a state in which the seat surface of the chair seat surface is expanded to an inclination of 30 degrees as viewed from the rear of the seat surface. In FIG. 1, 1 is a chair seat surface, 2 is a seat surface, 3 is a bottom plate, 4 is a gas spring with a lock, 5 is a torsion spring, 6 is a rotation fulcrum, 7 is a cushion stopper, 51 is a torsion spring position adjustment plate, 52 Is a position adjusting plate holding metal fitting.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the chair seat surface 1 of the present invention has a seat surface 2 and a bottom plate 3 whose front end portions are rotatably combined via a common rotation fulcrum 6, and one end is a seat surface. 2 is rotatably attached to the vicinity of the rotation fulcrum 6 and the other end is rotatably attached to the bottom plate 3 so as to urge the distance between the seat surface 2 and the rear end of the bottom plate 3 to be increased. The gas spring 4 with a lock is provided, and the distance from the rotation fulcrum 6 is arranged to be adjustable, so that the distance between the seating surface 2 and the rear end of the bottom plate 3 is increased in cooperation with the gas spring 4 with a lock. It comprises at least one torsion spring 5 to be urged, and is constituted by a torsion spring position adjusting plate 51 and a position adjusting plate pressing metal fitting 52 for adjusting and fixing the position of the torsion spring 5.

  The seat surface 2 is formed by bending a metal plate downward at the front end, and the weight of the user and the load of the gas spring 4 with lock and the torsion spring 5 applied when the seat surface 2 is locked against it. Therefore, the end portion of the seating surface 2 is bent or welded to a reinforcing rib so that unacceptable bending does not occur. A hinge constituting the rotation fulcrum 6 is provided at the lowermost part of the front end. The area of the seating surface 2 is preferably in a range that fits in the dimensions of an existing chair or wheelchair and that allows the user to sit comfortably. In addition, an appropriate hole may be provided in the seating surface 2 to reduce the weight and allow ventilation when seated.

The bottom plate 3 is a metal plate raised around the edge, but the weight of the user, the reaction force of the locked gas spring 4 applied when the seat surface 2 is locked against it, and the load of the torsion spring 5 Therefore, the reinforcing rib is welded so as not to cause unacceptable bending. A hinge constituting the rotation fulcrum 6 is provided at the lowermost part of the front end. The rotation fulcrum 6 is arranged at the lowermost part by increasing the distance between the line of action of the repulsive force of the gas spring 4 with the lock and the rotation fulcrum 6 as much as possible, so that the seat surface pushing moment can be increased in a limited space. The goal is to maximize. In this embodiment, the rotation fulcrum 6 has a hinge structure. However, as long as the seat surface push-up moment is large and the load resistance is secured and the rotation is possible, regardless of the details of the fulcrum structure, for example, as shown in FIG. As described above, another structure may be employed such that the front end of the bottom plate 3 protrudes downward in an L shape and the rotation fulcrum 6 is formed at a position further below the bottom surface of the bottom plate 3. In this case, the rear surface 32 of the L-shaped overhang should be positioned at the front end 33 of the existing chair seat surface, and the increase in the distance between the front end of the seat surface 2 and the backrest of the existing chair should be minimized. . In the present embodiment, the bottom plate 3 is not provided with a hole, but may be provided as appropriate for weight reduction or the like. Further, in order to ensure the posture stability when the chair seat surface 1 is placed on a hard surface, island-like or linear protrusions may be provided on the bottom surface 3.

Further, when the rotation fulcrum 6 is formed below the lower surface of the bottom plate 3, the distance between the rotation fulcrum 6 and the line of action of the gas spring output can be increased, and the thickness of the gas spring to obtain the required seating surface pushing moment. The chair seat surface can be made thinner, which is convenient.

  Moreover, when the existing chair seat surface is soft, it is desirable that the dimension of the bottom plate 3 in the seat width direction is smaller than the seat width of the seat surface 2. In particular, in a wheelchair, since the existing seating surface is a seat stretched between the left and right frame pipes, the center part is more flexible and sinks than the vicinity of the frame pipes when a load is applied. The seat sinks more effectively by making the dimension in the seat width direction of the bottom plate 3 smaller than about 300 mm, so that the change in the seating height can be reduced and the usability is good.

Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, you may provide the handrail 34 used when a user seats with respect to the baseplate 3. As shown in FIG. The handrail 34 may be provided with operation buttons for locking and unlocking the gas spring 4 with lock. In this case, when the chair seat surface is placed on a sofa having a wide seat width without a handrail and used, the user is convenient and safety can be improved.

For the purpose of maximizing the seat surface push-up moment, one end of the lock-attached gas spring 4 is attached so as to be pivotable upward as much as possible without interfering with the member of the seat surface 2, and the other end is attached to the bottom plate 3. It is attached to the lower side as much as possible within a range not interfering with the member.
Further, an operation end for releasing the lock is attached to the rod-side tip of the gas spring 4 with the lock so as not to interfere with the seating surface 2 and the reinforcing ribs of the bottom plate 3. Although the operation end is operated by the pressure of oil sealed in a wire or a sealed tube, it is not shown.
The gas spring 4 with lock is preferably a double-sided lock. When stopping for some reason during seating or standing up movement, it is necessary to lock in the compression direction to support the weight, and to prevent unintentional rise of the seating surface while sitting, Because it is necessary.

The lock-equipped gas spring 4 and the torsion spring 5 cooperate to exert a seat surface lifting force. This relationship is shown in FIGS . FIG. 4 shows the seat surface pushing-up moment by two torsion springs when the seat surface inclination is 0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees in this embodiment. Similarly, FIG. 5 represents a seat surface pushing-up moment by the gas spring 4 with a lock. FIG. 6 shows the seat surface lifting force due to the composite seat surface push-up moment by the gas spring with lock 4 and the two torsion springs. FIG. 7 shows the seat surface lifting force when the torsion spring 5 is brought closer to the rotation fulcrum 6 than in the case of FIG.

According to FIGS. 4, 5, and 6, when the seat surface inclination is small, the action of the gas spring 4 with the lock is achieved due to the design constraint that makes the thickness of the chair seat surface 1 as thin as possible to minimize the change in seating feeling. The distance between the line and the rotation fulcrum 6 of the seat surface 2 cannot be made large, and the torsion spring 5 bears most of the seat surface push-up moment. On the other hand, when the seat surface inclination increases, the distance between the line of action of the gas spring 4 with the lock and the rotation fulcrum 6 of the seat surface 2 increases, but the gas spring 4 with the lock extends to reduce the compression reaction force. Therefore, it is shown that the seat surface pushing-up moment does not increase in proportion to the increase in the seat surface inclination angle. However, the effect of compensating for the sagging of the torsion spring 5 in which the bending angle is reduced and the generated torque is reduced is achieved.
As a large tendency, it is a preferable characteristic for an actual start-up operation that the resultant force of the torsion spring 5 and the gas spring 4 with a lock exhibits a larger seating surface lifting force as the seating surface inclination angle is smaller.

According to the comparison between FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, when the torsion spring 5 is brought close to the rotation fulcrum 6 of the seat surface 2, the position where the torsion spring 5 pushes up against the seat surface 2 approaches the rotation fulcrum 6. It can be seen that there is an effect of reducing the moment. This indicates that the seat surface lifting force can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the torsion spring 5. Since the reaction force of the gas spring cannot be adjusted, the lifting force of the seating surface is a fixed value, but the ability to adjust the lifting force of the seating surface according to the usage conditions means that the support surface of the standing chair is useful and versatile. It is something to increase.
It also shows that when the torsion spring 5 is brought closer to the rotation fulcrum 6 of the seat surface 2, the change in the seat surface push-up force becomes smaller because the change in the deflection of the torsion spring 5 due to the change in the seat surface inclination is reduced. Yes. This suggests that if the spring constant of the torsion spring 5 is selected together with the selection of the spring constant, the amount of change in the seat surface pushing force due to the change in the seat surface inclination angle can be set more finely.

FIG. 8 shows the result of measurement by the inventors in relation to the seat surface inclination angle as to what percentage of the body weight the load applied to the chair seat surface is. By this measurement, when sitting on the seat and leaning the upper body forward with the feet on the ground as a stand-up posture, the load on the chair seat is approximately 65% of the weight when the seat is horizontal (the seat angle is 0 degrees). In addition, it was found that a load of approximately 30% is applied when the seating surface angle is 30 degrees.
In other words, in order to assist the seated person to stand up, it is necessary to secure a lifting force of about 65% of the body weight with respect to the seat surface at the initial stage of the standing motion, which is necessary with an increase in the seat surface inclination angle. The lifting force may be reduced. In addition, the chair seat surface designed in such a manner means that if 100% of the body weight (total weight) is left at the time of sitting, the seat surface can be surely sinked to the horizontal level and can be stably seated. This shows the effectiveness of the standing support function of the chair seat surface.

  The cushion stopper 7 is a stopper for the seat surface 2 made of an elastic material such as rubber in order to reduce a stop shock when the seating is completed. It is also a protective stopper for preventing the rod of the gas spring with lock 4 from coming into contact with the cylinder end and being damaged. Although not shown, a protective stopper is provided so as not to extend in the extending direction of the gas cylinder.

FIG. 9 shows an outline of the position adjustment and fixing method of the torsion spring 5. In FIG. 9, for ease of understanding of the drawing, some parts are omitted or each part is floated from its original position.
A cylindrical shaft 35 is fixed to the bottom plate 3 by welding together with a sheet metal bending part 36 having a cono-shape. The torsion spring position adjusting plate 51 is inserted into the conical gap of the sheet metal bending part 36, and one of the plurality of cylindrical grooves formed in the torsion spring position adjusting plate 51 is fitted with the cylindrical shaft 35. The torsion spring position adjusting plate 51 is restrained in the planar direction position of the bottom plate 3. The distance between the torsion spring 5 and the rotation fulcrum 6 can be adjusted depending on which groove fits.

The position adjusting plate holding metal fitting 52 is disposed on the two torsion spring position adjusting plates 51 sandwiching the torsion spring 5, and the butterfly bolt 53 engages with the long nut 37 welded to the bottom plate 3 to twist the torsion spring 5. The spring position adjusting plate 51 is pressed against the bottom plate 3 and fixed without looseness.
Here, the adjustment and fixing of the torsion spring 5 are not limited to the embodiment, but may be a method in which a unit on which the torsion spring 5 is mounted is moved in the push-pull direction by a screw shaft provided on the bottom plate 3.

As described above, according to the present invention, a user who has difficulty in standing up by himself / herself due to a decline in physical strength, or who can reduce the burden on a caregiver when standing up for a care recipient. It is possible to provide a chair seat with an auxiliary function, and it is considered that the place contributing to the coming aging society is great.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and does not depart from the gist of the present invention, including various modifications and corrections that can be conceived by those having ordinary knowledge in the field of the present invention. Of course, even if there is a design change in the range, it is included in the present invention.

  The bird's-eye view which looked at this chair seat surface from the rear.   The side view of the Example which protruded the bottom end of the baseplate in the L shape.   The bird's-eye view of the Example which extended the handrail from the baseplate.   A simulation graph of the moment of pushing up the bearing surface by a torsion spring.   Simulation graph of moment to push up the bearing surface by gas spring.   Graph of the seat lifting force due to the resultant force (when the torsion spring is far from the center of rotation).   Graph of the seat surface lifting force due to the resultant force (when the torsion spring is close to the center of rotation).   The measurement result graph of the required load for lifting the seat according to the seat angle.   The bird's-eye view of a torsion spring position adjustment part.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Chair seat surface (with standing support function) 2 Seat surface 3 Bottom plate 4 Gas spring 5 Torsion spring 6 Rotating fulcrum 7 Cushion stopper 31 Overhang 32 Rear surface 33 The front end of the existing chair seat surface 34 Handrail 35 Cylindrical shaft 36 Sheet metal bending Parts 37 Long nut 51 Torsion spring position adjustment plate 52 Position adjustment plate holder 53 Butterfly bolt

Claims (6)

The front end portion has a seat surface 2 and a bottom plate 3 that are combined so as to be rotatable via a common rotation fulcrum 6, and when folded by sitting, the upper surface of the seat surface 2 and the lower surface of the bottom plate 3 There forms a thin appearance substantially parallel thickness, in a space sandwiched between the bottom plate 3 and the seat surface 2 has one end pivotally attached to the vicinity of the rotation fulcrum 6 of the seat surface 2, other At least one gas spring whose end is rotatably attached to the rear end portion of the bottom plate 3 and urges to widen the distance between the rear end portion of the seat surface 2 and the rear end portion of the bottom plate 3 4 and the tip of one arm is in contact with the seating surface 2 and the tip of the other arm is in contact with the bottom plate 3 and is compressed and mounted from a free state to cooperate with the gas spring 4 and biased to push the distance of the rear end portion of the seat surface 2 and the rear portion of the bottom plate 3 And at least one torsion spring 5 that, torsion has a spring position adjusting plate 51 and the position adjusting plate retainer member 52, the torsion spring 5, the the torsion spring position adjusting plate 51 by the position adjusting plate retainer member 52 The distance from the coil central axis of the torsion spring 5 to the rotation fulcrum 6 can be changed and adjusted, and the spreading moment of the seat surface 2 around the rotation fulcrum 6 in the folded state The chair seat surface is a single unit that is configured to adjust and set the seat surface lifting force by the resultant force of the gas spring 4 and the torsion spring 5 .   2. The chair seat surface according to claim 1, wherein the gas spring is a gas spring with a lock that can be locked and unlocked by an operation. In the chair seat 1 according to claim 1 or claim 2, chair seat the seat width direction dimension of the bottom plate 3 is characterized in that it is formed narrower than the width of the seat surface 2. The chair seat surface 1 according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein both the seat surface 2 and the front end of the bottom plate 3 project downward in an L shape, and the rotation fulcrum 6 is provided near the lowermost portion of the projecting portion 31. A chair seat surface, characterized in that the rear surface 32 of the L-shaped overhang is positioned at the front end 33 of the existing chair seat surface. The chair seat surface according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a handrail 34 used when a user sits on the bottom plate 3 is provided so as to protrude from the bottom plate 3. A chair or a wheelchair comprising the chair seat surface 1 according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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