JP5802763B2 - 食品をコーティングするための方法 - Google Patents
食品をコーティングするための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5802763B2 JP5802763B2 JP2013550506A JP2013550506A JP5802763B2 JP 5802763 B2 JP5802763 B2 JP 5802763B2 JP 2013550506 A JP2013550506 A JP 2013550506A JP 2013550506 A JP2013550506 A JP 2013550506A JP 5802763 B2 JP5802763 B2 JP 5802763B2
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- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
- A23K50/42—Dry feed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P20/00—Coating of foodstuffs; Coatings therefor; Making laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs
- A23P20/10—Coating with edible coatings, e.g. with oils or fats
- A23P20/15—Apparatus or processes for coating with liquid or semi-liquid products
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Jigging Conveyors (AREA)
- Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
Description
本明細書において使用するとき、「the」、「a」及び「an」を含む冠詞は、特許請求の範囲又は明細書において使用される場合、特許請求されるか又は記載されるものの1以上を意味するものとして理解される。
本発明の様々な非限定的実施形態は、被覆されたキブル形態のペットフードを含み、被覆されたキブルは、コアと、コアを少なくとも部分的に被覆するコーティングとを含む。一実施形態では、ペットフード又は被覆されたキブルは、栄養のバランスが取れた状態であることができる。一実施形態では、ペットフード又は被覆されたキブルは、12%未満の含湿量又は含水量を有することができる。結合剤を使用して乾燥タンパク質源を層化又はコーティングすることにより、キブルを製造した後にコーティングするか、又は後の段階で区別することができ、結果として、動物選好の高い被覆されたキブルをもたらす。本発明の更に他の実施形態は、コア混合物を形成し、コーティング混合物を形成し、コーティング混合物をコア混合物に適用して、被覆されたキブルペットフードを形成することによって、ペットフードを製造する方法を含む。本発明の追加の実施形態は、2つの熱処理サルモネラ失活工程を含んでいるペットフードを製造する方法を含む。
γlv(1+cosθ)=2(γlv dγsv d)1/2+2(γlv pγsv p)1/2
式中、θは、接触角を指し、γlvは、液体(既知の表面張力の溶媒)の表面張力を指し、γlv dは、液体の表面張力の分散成分を指し、γsv dは、固体(圧縮されたペレット)の表面張力の分散成分を指し、γlv pは、液体の表面張力の極性成分を指し、γsv pは、固体の表面張力の極性成分を指す。本明細書の圧縮されたペレットの接触角は、ジヨードメタン(99%、Aldrich)、ホルムアミド(99%+、Aldrich)、及び水(HPLC等級、Aldrich)を使用して測定した。圧縮されたペレットの総表面エネルギーは、分散表面エネルギー成分と極性表面エネルギー成分との合計であり、キブルへの物質の付着などの特性に影響を与えると考えられている。
本発明のキブルの実施形態は、本明細書に記載の通り、押出成形工程により形成され、その後振動コンベヤ内で処理され得る。振動コンベヤは直線型又は平面型であり得るが、より多くの場合、スパイラルエレベータ又は振動へリックスとして示される。振動コンベヤは従来、トラックからサイロへのように、粒子を上方に移動させるために使用されている。粒子は振動によってコンベヤに沿って移動する。コンベヤは水平移動を最大にするよう通常構成されており、コンベヤ自体は粒子を垂直方向に移動させるよう構成されている。例えば、コンベヤはスパイラルであり得、そのため、コンベヤに沿った「水平」移動もコンベヤの長さにわたって粒子を垂直に移動させる。このような構成では、コンベヤ及びコンベヤの振動は、コンベヤの表面に対する粒子の垂直移動を最小限に抑えるよう構成されている。なぜならこのような垂直移動はコンベヤに沿って前進する粒子に関しては生産的ではないからである。したがって、コンベヤ床の深さに関わらず、粒子が振動コンベヤに沿って移動するとき、粒子の垂直又はz方向への回転動作はほとんどない。床の底部から開始した粒子はコンベヤの端部にて床の底部又は底部付近に存在する傾向があり、床の上部から開始した粒子はコンベヤの端部にて床の上部又は上部付近に滞在する傾向がある。
本発明の更なる実施形態は、サルモネラ菌などの微生物を失活(死滅)させるための少なくとも1つの加熱処理工程を含む、ペットフードを製造する方法を含む。ペットフードは本明細書に記載の実施形態における任意の形態であり得る。上述されるコアとコーティングとを含む被覆されたキブルがその一非限定例である一実施形態では、2つの熱処理失活工程を行うことができる。コアは、上述されるように、押出成形により形成することができる。コアに押出成形した後、コア中に存在するいかなるサルモネラ菌をも十分に失活させるような方法で、コアを熱処理することができる。その後、その前、又はそれと同時に、存在するいかなるサルモネラ菌をも失活させるために、コアの場合と同様の方法でコーティングを形成し熱処理することができる。次に、上述されるように、コアをコーティングでコーティングすることによって、被覆されたキブルを形成することができる。
一実施形態では、振動コンベヤは、第1セクション、第2セクション、第3セクション等のセクションから構成され得る。セクションはペットフード製造工程の様々な機能を実行するために使用可能である。例えば、一実施形態では、振動コンベヤは、第1セクション、第2セクション、及び第3セクションから構成され得る。このような実施形態では、第1、第2、及び第3セクションは任意の数のコイルから構成され得る。第1セクションは入口の近くにあり得、キブルを被覆するために使用可能である。第2セクションは第2セクションの後にあり得、キブルを乾燥させるために使用され得、それ故乾燥させるために適用する空気及び/又は熱を有し得る。第3セクションは第2セクションの後にあり得、キブルを衛生化又は微生物防除するために使用可能である。更なるセクションが想定される。一実施形態では、第2コーティングセクションが含まれ得る。このような第2コーティングセクションは、本明細書に開示のプロバイオティクスなどの感受性又は活性な成分を被覆するために使用可能である。したがって、このような第2コーティングセクションは、衛生化セクションの熱が活性成分の活性に影響を与えないように、衛生化セクションの後に配置され得る。
被覆されていないペットフードキブルの大袋は、振動スパイラルエレベータのための供給ホッパ上部のプラットホームに搭載される。キブルは直径が約10mmである。スパイラルエレベータの振幅は約5mmであり、振動数は約5Hzである。供給ホッパは約200kgの被覆されていないキブルを保持することが可能であり、ホッパの満杯を維持するためにキブルは重力によって袋からホッパに時々移送される。ホッパは底部にてスクリューコンベヤフィーダを有するロードセルに取り付けられる。ホッパ内のブリッジング防止装置(debridger)は、キブルのホッパ内での均一な分散を維持するために、約1分に1回ホッパの周りを回転する。ホッパ及びスクリューコンベヤは振動スパイラルエレベータに対してロスインウェイトフィーダとして作動する。供給システム及び振動スパイラルエレベータは、視覚ソフトウェアインタフェースを用いて、コンピュータ画面から操作される。振動スパイラルエレベータユニットは、中央の支柱に巻き付いた84mmの直径のステンレス鋼パイプの8つのコイルからなる。中央の支柱はユニットの底部にて偏心重錘を有する2つのピストンモータによって振動される。上下振動により、パイプ内のキブルは上下に跳ね、それ故キブルを流動化させる。前後振動により、キブルはチューブを介して移動する。キブルは底部にてパイプを介してエレベータ内に送り込まれ、振動により粒子はパイプを介して上方に移動する。処理生成物はエレベータの最上部から出る。コイル状のパイプは石繊維断熱材で断熱される。パイプのそれぞれのコイルは、180度離間した2つの入口ポートを有する。固体粉末コーティングはポートを介してコイルの片側に注入され、液体コーティングはポートを介してコイルのもう片側において噴霧される。処理生成物はエレベータユニットの最上部から出る。スパイラルエレベータを出る粒子は、液体及び固体粉末の両方でほぼ均一に被覆される。
サルモネラ菌を含む微生物を死滅させるため、湿潤環境においてキブルを加熱するためにポートを介して最上部の2つのコイル内に蒸気を注入することを除いて、前の実施例に記載の手順を繰り返す。蒸気はポートを介して片側のコイルに注入し、コイルに取り付けられた排気マニホルドによってもう片側のコイルにて取り出す。パイプは、パイプ内部での蒸気の凝縮を防止するために、約125℃に加熱する。一旦パイプの内部では、蒸気は全ての「流動化」キブルを接触処理する。処理されたキブル生成物は最上部からユニットを出て、パイプを介して振動流動床冷却器に移動する。振動流動床冷却器は、2mmの孔を有する有孔ステンレス鋼からなる床板を有する閉鎖型長方形ユニットである。この床板の上部は多孔性ポリエステル布地(細孔径は63mm)の層である。床板の下部には空気マニホルドがある。強制送風は空気を空気マニホルドに送り込み、その後、床板及び布地を介して移動し、そして床上のあらゆる生成物を介して移動する。空気は冷却器の最上部を介して排出され、排気用送風機を用いて建物の外に排出される。床は偏心重錘を有する2つのピストンモータによって振動し、それにより床は上下及び左右に振動する。上下動はキブルを床内で流動化させ、左右動はキブルを一端から他端まで長さ方向に床を介して移動させる。キブルはそれらが進入するところの反対側から冷却器を出て、清潔な袋に入り回収される。この工程はキブルを被覆し、かつキブル又はコーティングの表面に存在するあらゆるサルモネラ菌を失活させる。
図1又は2に示される振動スパイラルエレベータは、中央シリンダ周りに約0.92メートルの直径で螺旋状に巻き付く、約89mmの内径の約6メートルのステンレス鋼パイプからなる。パイプへリックスは4つのループを有する。パイプへリックスは、水平から約3度傾斜している。各ループに90度離間した4つの成分添加ポートがある。パイプへリックス内部にあり、かつパイプへリックスに取り付けられた中央シリンダは、それに力が加えられるときにシリンダの限られた量の水平及び垂直の移動を可能とするゴムばね式支持体に取り付けられている。中央シリンダはシリンダの両側にオフバランスの重りを有する2つのモータを用いて振動する。モータは水平から45度に設定され、かつ互いに90度ずれている。オフバランスの重りを有するモータは、水平方向かつ垂直方向の両方の加速が中央シリンダに付与されるように、互いに同時に行われる。これにより、シリンダは上下かつ水平方向に前後に僅かにねじれて振動し、そしてシリンダに取り付けられたヘリカルパイプも同様に振動する。モータは約600RPMで動作し、シリンダ及びパイプに約1.5倍重力の水平加速度を付与し、約3.2倍重力の垂直加速度を付与する。
コーティングが二重軸連続式リボンミキサ内で行われることを除いて、実施例IIIにおける生成物と類似の生成物が製造される。キブルの種類、キブルの流量、並びにキブルの表面に適用される家禽油及び香料の量は、実施例IIIと同様である。コーティング生成物をプラスチックの裏張りをされた袋(plastic lined bags)に梱包し、後に使用するために保存する。
実施例III及びIVからの生成物は、消費者調査に入る。約100人の消費者に、実施例III(振動スパイラルエレベータでコーティング)及び実施例IV(リボンミキサでコーティング)からのドックフードの袋が渡された。消費者は両方の試験生成物を消費者のイヌに2週間の期間にわたって与える。2週間の給餌試験の終わりに、消費者はアンケートに記入し、給餌実験の様々な属性に対して数値スコアを提供する。その後、アンケートを回収し、スコアを集計して統計的に分析する。振動スパイラルエレベータで被覆された製品は、リボンミキサで被覆された製品よりも、犬の餌に対する喜びについて統計的に有意に良好なスコアを有する。理論に束縛されるものではないが、振動スパイラルエレベータはキブル上に風味剤のより均一なコーティングをもたらすため、キブルの味は絶えず犬をより魅了すると考えられる。
(被覆されていないキブルの)約10重量%のタンパク質粉末を、実施例IIIに記載の振動スパイラルエレベータにおいて約5%の家禽油を用いてキブルに被覆する。タンパク質粉末は、平均粒度が約140マイクロメートルである。3つの実験を行う。第1実験は、キブルの表面にタンパク質粉末を付着させるための結合剤として脂肪を使用する。第2実験は、キブル上に噴霧する前に、(脂肪の)約2.4(重量)%のポリソルベート80を脂肪に添加することを除いて、第1実験と同じであった。第3実験は、キブル上に噴霧する前に、約3.6%のポリソルベート80を脂肪に添加したことを除いて、第1実験と同じである。コーティング実験からの生成物を回収し、キブルに付着していないあらゆる過剰コーティングを振り落すためにふるい振盪機に入れた。実験の結果を以下の表に示す。これらの結果は、鶏脂肪に添加された少量のポリソルベート80が、キブルに接着しないタンパク質コーティングの量を減少させることを示す。
サルモネラ菌の検出
サルモネラ菌が十分に失活したか否かを検出することは、多くの方法で行うことができるが、その1つは以下の通りである。BAXシステムPCRアッセイを自動検出と共に使用し、以下の工程を行う。
Claims (14)
- 食品をコートするための方法であって、
a.食品を提供する工程と、
b.振動コンベヤを提供する工程であって、前記振動コンベヤが閉鎖チャネルを備え、かつ前記振動コンベヤが入口及び出口並びに前記振動コンベヤの長さに沿った2以上の開口部を有する工程と、
c.前記食品を前記振動コンベヤの前記入口に送り込む工程と、
d.約6を超えるペクレ数、約0.3を超える無次元加速度数、及び約3mmを超える振動の垂直振幅にて、前記振動コンベヤを操作する工程と、
e.前記食品が前記入口から前記出口に移動する際にコーティング材料で被覆されるように、2以上の異なる前記コーティング材料をそれぞれ前記振動コンベヤの長さに沿った2以上の開口部の少なくとも一つを介して前記振動コンベヤに送り込む工程と、を含む、方法。 - 過熱蒸気が前記開口部の一つ以上を介して振動コンベヤ内に供給される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記食品が微生物を失活させるのに十分な条件下で前記過熱蒸気に曝される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記微生物が、サルモネラ菌である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記コーティング材料の少なくとも一つが、前記コーティング材料の、50重量%〜99重量%のタンパク質成分および1重量%〜50重量%の結合剤成分を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記結合剤成分が、少なくとも80℃の温度にさらされる、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記コーティング材料が、0%〜70%の風味剤成分を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記コーティング材料が、0%〜50%の脂肪成分を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記コーティング材料が、0.01%〜10%の乳化剤を含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 2つの前記コーティング材料とは異なる第3のコーティング材料を少なくともさらに含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記食品が、コーティング前に20℃〜89℃の間の温度にさらされる、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記食品が、ペットフードキブルである、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ペットフードキブルの含湿量が、12重量%未満である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記ペットフードキブルがコーティングされ、かつ前記コーティングされたペットフードキブルが12重量%未満の含湿量を有する、請求項13に記載の方法。
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EP2665370B1 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
EP2665370A1 (en) | 2013-11-27 |
MX2013008497A (es) | 2013-08-12 |
BR112013017576B1 (pt) | 2019-02-19 |
CN103327829A (zh) | 2013-09-25 |
JP2015211673A (ja) | 2015-11-26 |
CN103327829B (zh) | 2015-02-11 |
AR084910A1 (es) | 2013-07-10 |
CA2825138C (en) | 2015-12-29 |
CA2825138A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
US8647690B2 (en) | 2014-02-11 |
US20120189748A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
ES2532378T3 (es) | 2015-03-26 |
RU2528482C1 (ru) | 2014-09-20 |
AU2012207544B2 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
BR112013017576A2 (pt) | 2016-10-04 |
MX343979B (es) | 2016-12-01 |
WO2012099786A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
JP2014507940A (ja) | 2014-04-03 |
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