JP5784686B2 - Earth retaining structure, retaining wall structure and soil structure - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to various structures using substitute materials for so-called cracked stones, which are cracked stones of about 10 to 20 cm, used in civil engineering work.

  Cracked stone is a small lump-shaped stone of about 10 to 20 cm produced by breaking rocks, and is widely used as a material for civil engineering work. Specifically, it is used as a soil retaining material by being piled on cliffs such as mountain slopes or roadsides, river banks, coasts, ponds, etc., for example, retaining walls as disclosed in Patent Document 1 below. It is used as a material for forming slabs, and it is used as a material for placing and crushing walnut stone filled in a metal net on a soil slope. In addition, it is also used in the cracked stone ground industry, which squeezes the soil ground while engaging the cracked stones together to form the foundation of the ground. It is also used as a paving material for laying and solidifying cracked stones on unpaved roads.

  By the way, in the forestry industry, thinning is carried out in order to preserve artificial forests. Thinning is a work to grow thick and solid trees by thinning out standing trees that become dense during the forest growth process. Thinning produces a lot of thinned wood, but the price of thinned wood is low, there are few effective ways to use thinning, and it is difficult to obtain sufficient income for heavy labor thinning. Traditionally, many Japanese forests have been preserved by forestry workers by taking care of tree planting, thinning, etc. There is a situation where forestry management to produce is becoming economically strict. The severity of forestry management in Japan's forests has led to a shortage of domestic forestry workers, resulting in an increase in rough forests that are not sufficiently thinned. In forests that have not been thinned sufficiently, thick feelings do not grow, and as a result, the water retaining capacity and soil retaining capacity of the mountain may decrease, causing a disaster such as heavy water and landslides.

  As an attempt to prevent the thinning by forestry workers from fading, new ways to use thinned wood that can realize high added value are being sought. Traditionally, thinned wood has been used as scaffolding materials at construction sites, wood fence materials, disposable chopsticks materials, charcoal materials, and the like. As a new use different from the conventional use, utilization as a raw material of woody biomass has been attempted.

JP 2000-204571 A

  When cracked stones are used to hold soil on cliffs such as mountain slopes and roadsides, and riverbanks, coasts, and ponds, there are the following problems. When a retaining wall or the like is formed using a split stone, since the split stone is a stone, the split stone remains semi-permanently unless an operation for removing the split stone is performed artificially. In addition, when cracked stones are laid on the mountain slopes and riverbanks of forests, microorganisms and fungi are difficult to grow on the cracked stones, so it is also difficult to grow animals and plants that use them as nutrients. There was a problem that the vegetation of the mountain slope became extremely scarce. In addition, the cracked stone is produced at a stone processing plant near the quarry and then transported to the construction site. In the case where the distance from the stone processing plant to the construction site is long, there is also a problem that a large amount of cost is required to transport a large amount of cracked stone.

  Moreover, patent document 1 is disclosing wood as a filler for forming a retaining wall, in addition to the walnut stone. However, when wood is used as a material for forming the retaining wall, there has been a problem that it will corrode in months to years.

The present invention relates to a retaining structure and retaining wall structure using a block- like wood - cutting substitute for wood having a carbonized layer, which decomposes in decades to hundreds of years and hardly inhibits the growth of animals and plants. And it aims at providing a soil structure.

The ritual stone substitute used in the present invention is made of block- shaped wood having a carbonized layer on the surface layer. Since such wood-cutting stone substitute is a material mainly made of wood, when used in civil engineering work, it does not remain semi-permanently like inorganic wood-cutting stones, and it also grows microorganisms and fungi. The load on the forest and river environment is low. In addition, since it has a carbonized layer at least on its surface layer, it does not decompose and corrode in months or years like wood without carbonized layers, and gradually in a period of several decades to several hundred years. It fully functions as a substitute for cracked stones. Furthermore, when timber such as thinned wood can be procured from the vicinity of the construction site of civil engineering work, it can be produced by adjusting the shape of the timber and carrying out carbonization treatment without incurring significant transportation costs. In addition, as a secondary matter, a large amount of minerals and alkaline substances eluted from the carbonized layer of cracked stone substitute material also exert an effect of modifying the soil. The thickness of the carbonized layer is preferably 3 to 15 mm from the viewpoint that corrosion of wood in a short period can be sufficiently suppressed.

It is preferable that at least one of the cross-sections is a polygonal block shape having an acute angle , and at least one of the cross-sections is trapezoidal. Since the split stone substitute material having a polygonal cross section having such an acute angle has a corner portion on the surface, when multiple substitute stone substitute materials are laid on the soil, it is easy to engage with each other. Even if it is applied, it can be stably fixed to the soil without flowing.

Although the magnitude | size of a split-stone replacement material is not specifically limited, It is preferable from the point which can be stably fixed to workability and soil that an apparent volume is 10-8000 cm < ³ >.

The earth retaining structure according to the present invention is formed by carbonizing a wood having a slope and a trapezoidal side surface in a shape in which a part is cut off from one surface of a quadrangular prism-shaped wood to an adjacent surface. , in which a plurality of Wariguri stone alternate materials of the block-shaped having a carbide layer on the surface layer (excluding rod-like or chip-like) is formed by laying and / or buried in the soil. Further, a plurality of the above-mentioned cracked stone alternative materials described above may be fixed with a net. The net like this, it is preferable from the viewpoint is less environmental impact, which is formed from the natural biodegradable material.

Further, the retaining wall structure according to the present invention is obtained by carbonizing wood having a slope and a trapezoidal side surface in a shape in which a part is cut off from one surface of a quadrangular prism-shaped wood to an adjacent surface. formed, in which a plurality of macadam alternate materials of the block-shaped having a carbide layer on the surface layer (excluding rod-like or chip-like), made form laid and / or embedded to the slopes of the soil. Retaining wall structure such as this is to gradually decompose in a few hundred years from a few decades, also, the load on the forest and the banks of the environment to grow the plants and animals is low.

According to the present invention, it digested with several hundred years decades, also earth retaining structure using the Wariguri stones alternative material made of wood with a carbide layer have also difficulty inhibits growth of animals and plants, retaining wall structure Body and soil structures can be provided.

Fig.1 (a) is a perspective schematic diagram of the split-stone replacement material of embodiment, FIG.1 (b) is a cross-sectional schematic diagram in the A-A 'cross section of Fig.1 (a). FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a state in which a retaining wall is formed on the soil slope 2 using the splitting stone substitute material 1. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a state in which a soil retaining structure obtained by filling a soil-like slope 2 with a cage-like net 3 and a walnut stone substitute material is arranged. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a pavement structure formed by disposing a cracked stone substitute material on an unpaved road. FIG. 5 is an explanatory view for explaining a soil structure 40 in which a plurality of substitutes 1 for splitting stones 1 are embedded in a field 35 in which straw is formed.

Hereinafter, macadam alternate materials, earth retaining structures, retaining wall structures, and the embodiment of the pavement structure will be described with reference to FIGS.

1 (a) is a perspective schematic view of a macadam alternate materials 1, FIG. 1 (b) is a schematic cross sectional view taken along the A-A 'cross section of the FIG. 1 (a). Wariguri stone alternative material 1 is composed of a block-shaped timber that have a wood layer 1a existing in the central portion and the carbonized layer 1b present in the surface layer. When such cracked stone substitutes are used in civil engineering work, the broken stone substitutes made of wood do not remain semipermanently like the inorganic cracked stones, and the forests and riverbanks where animals and plants grow The load on the environment is low. Furthermore, if timber such as thinned wood can be procured from the vicinity of the construction site of civil engineering work, it can be manufactured simply by adjusting the shape of the wood and carbonizing it in the vicinity of the site without incurring significant transportation costs. it can.

  The wood cut stone substitute has a carbonized layer on the surface. Therefore, it does not undergo corrosion decomposition in several months or years, and since it gradually decomposes in about several decades to several hundred years, it fully functions as a substitute for cracked stone. The carbonization state of the surface is not particularly limited, and is not particularly limited as long as it is carbonized to such an extent that it can be prevented from collapsing in a short period of time, but the deeper the carbonization from the surface, the less likely it is to corrode.

  The thickness of the carbonized layer is preferably, for example, 2 to 15 mm, more preferably 3 to 10 mm, and particularly preferably about 5 to 8 mm, although it depends on the shape of the substitute for the walnut stone. When the thickness of the carbonized layer is too thin, the effect of suppressing corrosion is insufficient, and when it is too thick, it is difficult to corrode for a long period of time, and productivity tends to decrease. In addition, the volume ratio of the carbonized layer in the walnut stone substitute material is not particularly limited.

  The kind of wood used as a raw material for the wood-cutting stone substitutes is not particularly limited, such as conifers such as pine, cedar and cypress, and broad-leaved trees such as ubamegashi, oak, kunugi and chestnut. In addition, if timber such as thinned wood can be procured from the vicinity of the construction site of the civil engineering work, it is possible to reduce the tremendous transportation costs that occur when transporting the walnut stone by producing the thinned wood as a raw material. Particularly preferred.

A block having a slope and a trapezoidal side surface formed by cutting a part from one surface of a quadrangular prism-shaped wood as shown in FIG. 1 toward one adjacent surface as shown in FIG. It is preferable that it is a shape. In other words, from the point of preventing collapse or unstable when a plurality of substitutes for cracked stone are placed on the slope or shore, shape such that the polygonal shape of at least one cross section having an acute angle, and further, that at least one cross section having a sharp, such as a trapezoidal or substantially wedge-shaped. When a polygonal cross section having an acute angle is formed, an acute angle is also formed in the outer shape. Therefore, when multiple cracked stone substitutes are laid on the soil, it becomes easy to engage with each other at the corner and force is applied. Even if it does not flow, it is stably fixed to the soil.

The magnitude | size of a split-stone substitute material is not specifically limited, According to the place and the objective to arrange | position, it selects suitably. The apparent volume is preferably about 10 to 8000 cm ³ , and more preferably about 100 to 1000 cm ³ from the viewpoint of workability and stable fixation to soil.

In addition, for example, it is possible to prepare a plurality of sizes of ranks such as large, medium, and small so that the split stones are ranked according to size, and select according to applications. . For example, in the case of the shape as shown in FIG. 1, the length of the portion indicated by H and W is about 8 to 10 cm and the apparent volume is 1000 cm ³ or more, and the length of the portion indicated by H and W is large. There is about 6～8Cm, apparent volume and medium ones about 200~1000cm ^3, the following portions of 6cm length indicated by H and W, or an apparent volume as small ones 200 cm ³ or less You may divide it into ranks and use them according to your purpose.

  Next, a retaining wall structure constructed using such a material for substitutes for splitting stone will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a state in which a retaining wall is formed on the soil slope 2 using the splitting stone substitute material 1. In FIG. 2, the retaining wall 10 is formed by embedding and solidifying a plurality of substitute lignite substitute materials 1 so as to be three-dimensionally stacked on the soil slope 2 in the height direction, the width direction, and the thickness direction. Yes. By forming such a retaining wall 10, the collapse of the soil slope can be suppressed. In addition, you may improve fixability further by burying in the clearance gap between the split-stone alternative materials 1 with gravel or soil as needed, or hitting an anchor bolt.

  FIG. 3 illustrates a state in which a soil retaining structure 20 obtained by filling a plurality of cracked stone substitutes 1 in a cage-like net 3 on the soil slope 2 is arranged. As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of cracked stone substitutes 1 are filled in a cage-shaped or bag-shaped net 3 or covered with a flat-shaped net so that a plurality of It is possible to fix the wood cut stone substitute 1 with a net. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the splitting stone substitute material 1 from dropping or flowing.

  The net for fixing the plurality of substitute stone substitutes is not particularly limited, such as a wire net or a resin net, but the net for fixing the substitute stone substitutes of the present embodiment is made of natural fibers. It is particularly preferable that it is formed from a natural degradable material such as a material, a plant vine, or a biodegradable fiber, or from a wire rod because of its low environmental load.

  FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a pavement structure 30 in which a plurality of split stone substitutes 1 are laid or buried in the unpaved road 4. On mountain roads, riverbanks, coasts, etc., paving with asphalt or concrete is difficult, and paving may damage the landscape. In such a case, as shown in FIG. 4, a stable pavement structure of the ground can be formed by laying or embedding a plurality of quarry stone substitutes 1 on the unpaved road 4 and solidifying them.

  Moreover, FIG. 5 is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the soil structure 40 which embed | buried and hardened the some cutting stone alternative material 1 in the field 35 in which the ridge was formed. In the field, a balance between drainage and moisture retention suitable for the growth of flowers and vegetables is required. For this purpose, it is also possible to adjust the drainage by laying or burying cracked stones in the field. However, when an inorganic cracked stone is laid or buried, it remains permanently. Such a problem is solved by embedding the split-stone replacement material 1 of the present invention. Moreover, since water retention improves because it contains a wood fiber, since excess water drains from the space | gap between adjacent cracked stone substitute materials 1, it is excellent also in drainage. In addition, a large amount of minerals and alkaline substances eluted from the carbonized layer of the walnut stone substitute material also exerts the effect of alkali-modifying the soil.

In the case of the shape as shown in FIG. 1, the size of the substitute material for splitting stone embedded in the field is about 2 to 4 cm in length indicated by H and W, and the apparent volume is about 10 to 100 cm ^3. It is preferable that it is easy to exhibit workability, drainage, moisture retention, and alkali modification effect. When it is too large, the workability embedded in the field is particularly lowered, and the specific surface area tends to be small, so that the amount of the alkaline modifying component eluted from the surface tends to be reduced.

Macadam alternative material is used as an alternative material of Wariguri stone to be used in civil engineering. In addition, when thinned wood is used as wood, it contributes to effective use of thinned wood.

1 substitute for walnut stone 1a wood layer 1b carbonized layer 2 soil slope 3 net 4 unpaved road 10 retaining wall 20 earth retaining structure 30 pavement structure 40 soil structure

Claims (9)

  Block shape with carbonized layer on the surface layer formed by carbonizing wood with slopes and trapezoidal sides in the shape of a part cut off from one side of square columnar wood to one adjacent surface A soil retaining structure characterized by being formed by laying and / or burying a plurality of split-stone substitutes (excluding rod-like or chip-like) in soil.   The earth retaining structure according to claim 1, wherein the height of the trapezoidal side surface is 6 to 10 cm.   The earth retaining structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbonized layer has a thickness of 2 to 15 mm. The earth retaining structure according to any one of claims 1 to ³ , wherein an apparent volume of the split-stone replacement material is 10 to 8000 cm ³ .   The earth retaining structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is formed by fixing a plurality of said split chestnut substitutes with a net.   The earth retaining structure according to claim 5, wherein the net is formed of a biodegradable material.   Block shape with carbonized layer on the surface layer formed by carbonizing wood with slopes and trapezoidal sides in the shape of a part cut off from one side of square columnar wood to one adjacent surface A retaining wall structure characterized in that it is formed by laying and / or burying a plurality of substitutes for cracked stone (excluding bars or chips) on a slope of soil.   The retaining wall structure according to claim 7, wherein a height of the trapezoidal side surface is 6 to 10 cm. Embedded in ridges of deep field, a plurality of Wariguri stone alternate materials of wood carbonization process to the surface layer that is formed by a block shape that having a carbide layer (excluding rod-like or chip-like), arranged in layers soil A soil structure formed by being fixed with

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