JP5706525B2 - ポリウレタンフォームの性能を改良するための添加剤 - Google Patents
ポリウレタンフォームの性能を改良するための添加剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5706525B2 JP5706525B2 JP2013519727A JP2013519727A JP5706525B2 JP 5706525 B2 JP5706525 B2 JP 5706525B2 JP 2013519727 A JP2013519727 A JP 2013519727A JP 2013519727 A JP2013519727 A JP 2013519727A JP 5706525 B2 JP5706525 B2 JP 5706525B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- foam
- polyol
- guanidine
- precursor
- pphp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- CEDDGDWODCGBFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamimidoylazanium;hydron;phosphate Chemical compound NC(N)=N.OP(O)(O)=O CEDDGDWODCGBFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZZTURJAZCMUWEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diaminomethylideneazanium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound NC(N)=N.OS(O)(=O)=O ZZTURJAZCMUWEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].NC(N)=[NH2+] PJJJBBJSCAKJQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminopropylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN IUNMPGNGSSIWFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- GXVUZYLYWKWJIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanamine Chemical compound NCCOCCN GXVUZYLYWKWJIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YSAANLSYLSUVHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCOCCO YSAANLSYLSUVHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NCUPDIHWMQEDPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethyl-methylamino]ethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCOCCN(C)CCO NCUPDIHWMQEDPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940042795 hydrazides for tuberculosis treatment Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000687 hydroquinonyl group Chemical class C1(O)=C(C=C(O)C=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229940102253 isopropanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004620 low density foam Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- DWFKOMDBEKIATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl-methylamino]ethyl]-n,n,n'-trimethylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)C DWFKOMDBEKIATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZYLDXKMZNIHDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-[2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl-methylamino]ethyl-methylamino]ethyl]-n,n,n'-trimethylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)C SZYLDXKMZNIHDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethyldiethylenetriamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)CCN(C)C UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005365 phosphate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013031 physical testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005903 polyol mixture Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008054 sulfonate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Description
本願は2010年7月9日に出願された米国仮出願番号第61/362964号の利益を主張する。出願番号第61/362964号の開示を参照により本明細書中に取り込む。
当該技術分野で知られている任意の各種フォームは本発明の方法を用いて、通常のポリウレタン配合物に、少なくとも1種のグアニジン誘導体及びアミン触媒を添加したものを用いて製造されうる。グアニジン誘導体の量は、変更することができるが、通常、約0.01pphp〜約2.0pphpの範囲であろう。例えば、本明細書中に記載された優れた物性を有する可とう性ポリウレタンフォームは、通常、下記の表1に示す成分を示した量で含む。表1に示す成分を下記に詳細に議論する。
NCOindex=[NCO/(OH+NH)]*100
本発明の触媒は第三級アミンを含む。第三級アミン触媒は、イソシアネート反応性基を含んでも又は含まなくてもよい。イソシアネート反応性基は第一級アミン、第二級アミン、ヒドロキシル基、アミド又はウレアを含む。イソシアネート反応性基を含む第三級アミン触媒はゲル化及び発泡触媒を含む。例示のゲル化触媒としては、N,N−ビス(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)−N−イソプロパノールアミン、N,N−ジメチルアミノエチル−N’−メチルエタノールアミン(DABCO(登録商標) T, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, PA)、N,N,N’−トリメチルアミノプロピルエタノールアミン (POLYCAT(登録商標) 17, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.), N,N−ジメチルエタノールアミン(DABCO(登録商標) DMEA)、N,N−ジメチル−N’,N’−2−ヒドロキシ(プロピル)−1,3−プロピレンジアミン、ジメチルアミノプロピルアミン(DMAPA)、(N,N−ジメチルアミノエトキシ)エタノール、メチル−ヒドロキシ−エチル−ピペラジン、ビス(N,N−ジメチル−3−アミノプロピル)アミン(POLYCAT(登録商標)15)、N,N−ジメチルアミノプロピルウレア (DABCO(登録商標) NE1060, DABCO(登録商標) NE1070)、N,N’−ビス(3−ジメチルアミノプロピル)ウレア (DABCO(登録商標) NE1070, DABCO(登録商標) NE1080)、ビス(ジメチルアミノ)−2−プロパノール、N−(3−アミノプロピル)イミダゾール、N−(2−ヒドロキシプロピル)イミダゾール及びN−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)イミダゾールが挙げられる。
好適な有機イソシアネート化合物としては、限定するわけではないが、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート(HDI)、フェニレンジイソシアネート(PDI)、トルエンジイソシアネート(TDI)及び4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)が挙げられる。本発明の1つの態様において、2,4−TDI、2,6−TDI又はその任意の混合物を用いてポリウレタンフォームを製造する。他の好適なイソシアネート化合物は「粗MDI」として商業的に知られているジイソシアネート混合物である。1つの例はPAPIの名称でDow Chemical Companyにより販売されており、約60%の4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネートを他の異性体及び類似の高級ポリイソシアネートとともに含む。
ポリウレタンは有機イソシアネートを、ポリオール、通常にはポリオール混合物中のヒドロキシル基と反応させることにより製造される。反応混合物のポリオール成分は主要又は「ベース」ポリオールを少なくとも含む。本発明での使用に好適なベースポリオールとしては、限定しない例として、ポリエーテルポリオールが挙げられる。ポリエーテルポリオールとしては、ポリ(エチレンオキシド)及びポリ(プロピレンオキシド)ポリマーなどのポリ(アルキレンオキシド)ポリマー、及び、ジオール及びトリオールを含む多価アルコールから誘導される末端ヒドロキシル基を有するコポリマーが挙げられる。エチレンオキシド又はプロピレンオキシドとの反応のためのジオール及びトリオールの例としては、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、1,3−ブタンジオール、1,4−ブタンジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、ペンタエリトリトール、グリセロール、ジグリセロール、トリメチロールプロパン及び同様の低分子量ポリオールが挙げられる。当該技術分野において知られている他のベースポリオールとしては、ポリヒドロキシ末端アセタール樹脂、ヒドロキシ末端アミン及びヒドロキシル末端ポリアミンが挙げられる。これら及び他の好適なイソシアネート反応性材料の例は米国特許第4,394,491号明細書中に見いだされることができ、該明細書を参照により本明細書中に取り込む。好適なポリオールとして、ポリウレタンのゲル化及び発泡反応を触媒することができる第三級アミン基を含むポリオール、例えば、WO 03/016373 A1、WO 01/58976 A1、WO2004/060956 A1、WO03/016372 A1 及びWO03/055930 Aに記載されているポリオールが挙げられ、上記の明細書を参照により本明細書中に取り込む。他の有用なポリオールとしては、ポリアルキレンカーボネートをベースとするポリオール及びポリホスフェートをベースとするポリオールを挙げることができる。
ポリウレタンフォームの製造は、重合の間にポリウレタンマトリックス中にボイドを生成するために発泡剤を含めることによって支援することができる。当該技術分野で知られている任意の発泡剤を用いてよい。好適な発泡剤としては、発熱重合反応の間に蒸発する低沸点の化合物が挙げられる。このような発泡剤は、一般的に不活性であるか、又は、反応性が低く、したがって、重合反応の間に分解又は反応しないであろう。発泡剤の例としては、限定するわけではないが、二酸化炭素、クロロフルオロカーボン(CFC)、ヒドロフルオロカーボン(HFC)、ヒドロクロロフルオロカーボン(HCFC)、フルオロオレフィン(FO)、クロロフルオロオレフィン(CFO)、ヒドロフルオロオレフィン(HFO)、ヒドロクロロフルオロオレフィン(HCFO)、アセトン、及び、低沸点炭化水素、例えば、シクロペンタン、イソペンタン、n−ペンタン及びそれらの混合物が挙げられる。他の好適な発泡剤としては、イソシアネート化合物と反応してガスを生成する、水などの化合物が挙げられる。BAの量は、通常、約0(水発泡)〜80pphpである。水(イソシアネートと反応してCO2を生じることにより、フォームを発泡する)は約0(BAを含むならば)〜約60pphp(非常に低密度のフォーム)の範囲で存在することができ、通常、約1.0pphp〜約10pphp、ある場合には、約2.0pphp〜約5pphpの範囲であることができる。
種々の他の成分は本発明に係るフォームを製造するために配合物中に含まれることができる。任意成分の例としては、限定するわけではないが、気泡安定剤、架橋剤、連鎖延長剤、顔料、充填剤、難燃剤、補助ウレタンゲル化触媒、補助ウレタン発泡触媒、遷移金属触媒及びこれらの任意の組み合わせが挙げられる。
例1及び2は第三級アミン触媒(逃散性又は非逃散性)又は酸ブロック化第三級アミン触媒の存在下にグアニジン誘導体を使用することによるポリウレタンフォームの製造を示す。酸ブロック化第三級アミン触媒は第三級アミン触媒を適切な有機酸と組み合わせることにより製造される。TDI及びMDIをベースとするポリウレタンフォーム配合物を示しており、自由起泡及び型込成形フォームにおいて従来の酸ブロック化又は非ブロック化第三級アミン触媒を使用して添加剤を評価した。可とう性型込成形フォームの場合、パッドを加熱されたモールドから取り出し、室温に冷却して寸法安定性(収縮)をモニターし、又は、機械的に押潰し、その物性及び機械的特性を評価した。
以下の手順を用いてハンドミックス実験を行った。5000rpmで回転している、7.6cm直径の高剪断混合ブレードを備えた機械式ミキサーを用いて約10分間配合物をブレンドした。予備混合した配合物を、低温インキュベーターを用いて23℃±1℃に維持した。Mondur TD-80(トルエンジイソシアネートの80/20 2, 4/2, 6異性体ブレンド)又は変性MDIを、各フォームの報告したインデックスに対して正確な化学量論量で予備混合物に添加した。混合物をPremier Mill Corporation Series 2000, Model 89でブレンドし、約5秒間分散させた。発泡性混合物をImperial Bondware #GDR-170紙バケットに移し、そして自由起泡させ、その間、データを記録した。
可とう性の成形フォームの機械操作を、Hi Tech Sure Shot MHR-50シリンダー変位シリーズ及び高圧機械で行った。各配合物について、適切なポリオール、水、架橋剤、界面活性剤及び触媒からなる新鮮な予備混合物を機械に装填した。Mondur TD-80を全試験をとおして使用した。すべての化学物質の温度を機械内部温度制御ユニットにより23℃±2℃に維持した。フォームの注入を63±2℃に維持された等温的に制御された加熱されたアルミニウムモールド中に行った。モールドは典型的な物性のツールであり、40.6cm×40.6cm×10.2cmの内部寸法で設計された。モールドは5個のべントを有し、各々直径約1.5mmであり、各縁から10.0cmで各コーナーを中心とし、そして蓋の幾何的中心にある。毎回の注入の前にモールドに溶剤系離型剤をスプレイし、注入の前に、1分間乾燥させた。モールドを完全に充填しそして報告された所望のコア密度を得ることができる湿潤化学物質装填重量でモールドの中心にフォーム予備混合物をパドル注入した。評価される各配合物について最少充填要求量を満たした。フォーム製品を初期注入の240秒(4分)後に離型した(次の段落に詳細に示す)。離型時に、フォームを機械押潰器を通し又は押潰力(FTC)について試験し、又は、冷却し、寸法安定性を決定した(下記に詳細に説明する)。
シアノグアニジンの存在下及び非存在下で逃散性触媒を用いて製造した可とう性ポリウレタンフォームの物性
32オンス(951ml)の紙コップ中で約302gの予備混合物(表2のように調製した)に、第三級アミン触媒を添加することによってフォームパッドを調製した。配合物を、2インチ(5.1cm)直径の撹拌パドルを装備したオーバーヘッド攪拌機を用いて約6,000RPMで約10秒間混合した。
シアノグアニジンの存在下及び非存在下で非逃散性触媒を用いて製造した可とう性ポリウレタンフォームの物性
表4は非放出性触媒との組み合わせで使用したときのジシアナミドの効果を示している。ジシアナミドの添加により、空気流が改良され、それがフォーム寸法安定性を改良する。さらに、ILD、引裂強度及び引張強度などの他の物性も改良される。このように、非放出性触媒及びジシアナミドの組み合わせを使用したときに、放出性産業標準品と比較して、良好な物性が得られる。ジシアナミドは配合物中に溶液として調合され、溶液はジシアナミドをPOLYCAT-15 (ビス−N,N−ジメチルアミノプロピルアミン)及び水の混合物中に溶解させたときに得ることができる。
Claims (12)
- 少なくとも1種のポリオール、少なくとも1種の発泡剤、少なくとも1種の触媒及び少なくとも1種のグアニジン誘導体を含み、前記グアニジン誘導体はグアニジン、グアニジンヒドロクロリド塩、グアニジンリン酸塩、グアニジン硫酸塩、シアノグアニジン、1−アセチルグアニジン、ニトログアニジン、1−(o−トリル)−ビグアニジン及びそれらの混合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つのものを含み、前記グアニジン誘導体の量は1.0PPHP未満であり、PPHPはポリオール100部当たりの部を意味する、フォーム前駆体。
- 前記触媒は少なくとも1種の第三級アミンを含む、請求項1記載のフォーム前駆体。
- 前記グアニジン誘導体はシアノグアニジンを含む、請求項1記載のフォーム前駆体。
- 前記ポリオールは少なくとも1種のポリエーテルポリオールを含む、請求項1記載のフォーム前駆体。
- 前記発泡剤は水を含む、請求項1記載のフォーム前駆体。
- 少なくとも1種の界面活性剤をさらに含む、請求項1記載のフォーム前駆体。
- 前記界面活性剤は少なくとも1種のシリコーン界面活性剤を含む、請求項6記載のフォーム前駆体。
- 安定なフォームを製造するのに十分な条件下に少なくとも1種のイソシアネートと請求項1記載の前駆体を反応させることを含む、フォームの製造方法。
- 前記イソシアネートはPDI、TDI及びMDIの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項8記載の方法。
- 前記イソシアネートはTDIを含む、請求項9記載の方法。
- 2−シアノグアニジンの量は1.0PPHP未満である、請求項8記載の方法。
- 請求項8記載の方法により製造されるフォーム。
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US20120071576A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
MX338585B (es) | 2016-04-22 |
KR101498482B1 (ko) | 2015-03-04 |
EP2591035B1 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
JP2013533357A (ja) | 2013-08-22 |
BR112012033329A2 (pt) | 2016-12-13 |
WO2012006548A1 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
KR20150023903A (ko) | 2015-03-05 |
CN103003327B (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
MX2012014822A (es) | 2013-01-29 |
US10189963B2 (en) | 2019-01-29 |
US10119002B2 (en) | 2018-11-06 |
CN103003327A (zh) | 2013-03-27 |
EP2591035A1 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
US20160002425A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
KR20130041197A (ko) | 2013-04-24 |
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