JP5699361B2 - ジルコニウムコランダムに基づく砥粒 - Google Patents
ジルコニウムコランダムに基づく砥粒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5699361B2 JP5699361B2 JP2013509451A JP2013509451A JP5699361B2 JP 5699361 B2 JP5699361 B2 JP 5699361B2 JP 2013509451 A JP2013509451 A JP 2013509451A JP 2013509451 A JP2013509451 A JP 2013509451A JP 5699361 B2 JP5699361 B2 JP 5699361B2
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- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 30
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 30
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 title description 30
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 30
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 37
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 21
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000003991 Rietveld refinement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 aluminum metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010987 cubic zirconia Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Er]O[Er]=O VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003440 dysprosium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLQFUUYNQFMIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Dy]O[Dy]=O NLQFUUYNQFMIJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1409—Abrasive particles per se
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- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
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Description
−52〜62重量%のAl 2 O 3 、
−35〜45重量%のZrO 2 であって、ZrO 2 の総重量含有量に基づくZrO 2 の少なくとも70重量%が、正方晶系および立方晶系高温変態として存在するZrO 2 、
−還元形状、特に酸化物および/または亜酸化物および/または炭化物および/または酸炭化物および/または酸窒化炭素および/またはケイ化物の形状で、TiO 2 として表される場合に、1〜5重量%のチタン化合物、
−0.5〜3.0重量%のY 2 O 3 、
−SiO 2 として表される場合に、0.2〜0.7重量%のSi化合物、
−0.03〜0.5重量%の総炭素、および
−3.0重量%未満の原料に基づく不純物
の重量含有量を有し、
TiO 2 とY 2 O 3 との重量比が1:2〜5:1の範囲であり、
ZrO 2 の総重量含有量に基づいて、20重量%超過のZrO 2 が立方晶系高温相として存在し、50重量%超過のZrO 2 が正方晶系高温相として存在する。
従来の方法とは対照的に、リートベルト分析を用いて、測定範囲全体[ここで使用される測定結果については20°から80°(2θ)]は、組成物の定量分析のために使用され、測定された反射強度および反射角度は、予測された結晶相の理論的計算と比較される。良好な一致がある場合、定量分析が十分に確認されることが想定できる。
分析のためのサンプルを調製するために、アルミナ(AC34、Rio Tinto Alcan、Gardanne)、バデレアイト精鉱(Kovdorsky GOK)、ジルコン砂(Coferal Minerals GmbH/組成:66重量%のZrO2、32重量%のSiO2、1.2重量%のAl2O3)および石油コークスの混合物それぞれ約400kgを、異なる量のルチル砂(Coferal Minerals GmbH/組成:96重量%TiO2、1.5%SiO2)および/または酸化イットリウム(Treibacher Industries AG)と共に、91Vの電圧にて1400kWの入力電力にて三相電気アーク炉中で溶融させた。原材料混合物全体が溶融した後(約1時間)、欧州特許第0593977号に従って、金属プレート間において約3〜5mmのギャップに各溶融物を注いだ。こうして急冷されたジルコニウムコランダムプレートは、完全に冷却した後、ジョー粉砕機、ローラ粉砕機、ローラミルまたはコーン粉砕機による通常の様式で小片にし、所望の粒子サイズの画分にシーブした。石油コークに加えて、Al金属を、有利なことには還元剤として使用でき、この場合に石油コークの一部分がAl金属で置き換えられる。
リートベルト分析に関して、各サンプルのより小さい試料を振動ミルにて、45μm未満の画分サイズまでの小片化に供した。次いで各粉末をX線回折機のための平坦なサンプルホルダに適用した。使用されたX線回折機は、Bruker D8Advance(Bruker AXS GmbH)であった。測定は、サンプルを回転させながら、20°〜80°(2θ)の範囲において、80秒あたり0.02°のステップ幅にて行った。銅アノードを有する市販のX線管を放射線源として使用し、測定は、CuKα/β放射線を用いてモノクロメータを用いずに行った。文献からのデータをリートベルト計算のための出発モデルとして使用した。故に、単斜晶系酸化ジルコニウムのデータは、Journal of Applied Crystallography、29、(1996)、707−713によるものであった。立方晶系酸化ジルコニウムについてはActa Crystallographica B、39、(1983)、86から;正方晶系酸化ジルコニウムについてはJournal of Materials Science、30、(1995)、1621−1625からによるものであった。
相分布の定量計算と同時に、対応するサンプルを用いて研削試験を行ったが、このプロセスにおいて、材料はバルカンファイバホイールおよびカットオフホイールにて試験した。
ホイールの製造に関して、厚さ0.8mmの市販のバルカンファイバホイールを、ドクターブレードを用いて、56重量%のフェノール系樹脂(Hexion Specialty Chemicals GmbH)、40重量%の炭酸カルシウムおよび6重量%の水を含む結合剤ベース層でコーティングした。砥粒(シーブされた粒子サイズNP40の純粋なジルコニウムコランダム)を、約650g/m3の延展密度にて静電気的にホイール上に散布した。ベース層の乾燥または硬化後、54重量%のフェノール系樹脂(Hexion Specialty Chemicals GmbH)、20重量%の炭酸カルシウム、20重量%のKBF4、および6重量%の水からなる頂部層を適用した。製造者の指示に従い、ホイールを乾燥させ、硬化させた。気候室において12時間貯蔵した後、ホイールはより可撓性になり、円形テンプレートを用いて適切な最終サイズにパンチアウトされる。
K*=立方晶系酸化ジルコニウム
T**=正方晶系酸化ジルコニウム
M***=単斜晶系酸化ジルコニウム
B=Y2O3重量含有量の観点での、市販のNZ Plus(登録商標)(Saint−Gobain Grains and Powders)に対応する
F=市販のAlodur(登録商標)ZK40(Treibacher Schleifmittel)に対応する
K*=立方晶系酸化ジルコニウム
T**=正方晶系酸化ジルコニウム
M***=単斜晶系酸化ジルコニウム
表およびグラフからわかるように、約3重量%の還元された酸化チタン化合物で安定化された砥粒の性能は、1重量%の酸化イットリウムを添加することによって、30%超過で増大し得る。還元された酸化チタン化合物が優位である場合に特に現れる、2つの異なる安定剤のこうした予測できない相乗効果についての一定の説明は、これまで見出されていなかった。
見出された結果の正確性を確実にするために、追加のカットオフホイール試験を行った。
この一連の試験に関して、仕様書R−Tl 180×3×22.5のカットオフホイールを選択した。まず、75重量%の粒子サイズF36のジルコニウムコランダム、5重量%の液体樹脂、12重量%のHEXION Specialty Chemicals GmbHからの粉末樹脂、4重量%の黄鉄鉱および4重量%の氷晶石からなる加圧混合物を調製した。ホイールの製造に関して、160gの加圧混合物を市販の布材料にモールドし、200barにて加圧して、樹脂製造者の指示に従って硬化させた。
Claims (4)
- 電気アーク炉において溶融されたAl2O3およびZrO2に基づく砥粒であって、
−52〜62重量%のAl2O3、
−35〜45重量%のZrO2であって、ZrO2の総重量含有量に基づくZrO2の少なくとも70重量%が、正方晶系および立方晶系高温変態として存在するZrO2、
−還元形状、特に酸化物および/または亜酸化物および/または炭化物および/または酸炭化物および/または酸窒化炭素および/またはケイ化物の形状で、TiO2として表される場合に、1〜5重量%のチタン化合物、
−0.5〜3.0重量%のY2O3、
−SiO2として表される場合に、0.2〜0.7重量%のSi化合物、
−0.03〜0.5重量%の総炭素、および
−3.0重量%未満の原料に基づく不純物
の重量含有量を有し、
TiO2とY2O3との重量比が1:2〜5:1の範囲であり、
ZrO 2 の総重量含有量に基づいて、20重量%超過のZrO 2 が立方晶系高温相として存在し、50重量%超過のZrO 2 が正方晶系高温相として存在することを特徴とする、砥粒。 - それぞれの場合に最終的な砥粒の重量に基づいて、前記チタン化合物の重量含有量が、TiO2で表される場合に、1.5重量%〜4.0重量%であり、前記Y2O3の重量含有量が0.5重量%〜2.0重量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の砥粒。
- 最終的な砥粒の重量に基づいて、前記チタン化合物の重量含有量が、TiO2で表される場合に、Y2O3の重量含有量と共に、2.0〜6.0重量%であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の砥粒。
- 前記TiO2とY2O3との重量比が2:1〜4:1の範囲であることを特徴とする、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の砥粒。
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US4457767A (en) | 1983-09-29 | 1984-07-03 | Norton Company | Alumina-zirconia abrasive |
US4867758A (en) * | 1986-08-07 | 1989-09-19 | Lanxide Technology Company, Lp | Method for producing ceramic abrasive materials |
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