JP5698581B2 - Electric vehicle body floor structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, and more particularly to a floor structure of a vehicle body.

  An electric vehicle needs to be equipped with a large amount of battery (storage battery) as a power source, and various storage devices such as a bonnet, a trunk, and an underfloor have been provided. However, many electric vehicles have secured the installation location of the battery on the premise of a chassis used in a vehicle that uses a conventional gasoline engine as a driving source, so the indoor space is sacrificed or the heavy battery There are various problems, such as the mounting position of the vehicle becomes high and the running stability of the vehicle is impaired, and it is difficult to mount a sufficient amount of battery in the first place.

  Under such circumstances, as shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2, there is also a technique designed from the beginning as a chassis of an electric vehicle to improve the above problem. In the technique described in Patent Document 1, the floor of the vehicle body is arranged so that a plurality of pipe-shaped members are arranged along the front-rear direction of the vehicle by welding two upper and lower panels that are bent in advance into a predetermined shape. The battery is accommodated in the pipe-shaped member. In the technique described in Patent Document 2, a floor of a vehicle body is configured by combining a plurality of hollow members formed by extrusion molding of an aluminum material, and a battery is accommodated in the hollow portions of these hollow members.

JP 7-47842 A JP-A-8-58617

  However, in the above technique, it is necessary to divide and store the battery into a plurality of hollow portions, which makes installation work and maintenance complicated. In addition, since it is necessary to store the battery over the entire width direction of the floor because it is divided into small parts, it is necessary to store the battery. There is also a problem that high batteries are easily damaged. Moreover, it is necessary to mount many components such as a control device in addition to the battery in the electric vehicle, but it is difficult to store all the components in a plurality of elongated hollow portions. Therefore, it is necessary to secure a separate storage space. However, if such space is to be secured, the habitability and the trunk capacity are limited.

  In the case of the technique described in Patent Document 1, the two upper and lower panels constituting the floor are exclusively designed every time the length and width of the chassis are different, resulting in high costs. In addition, there is a problem in that it is difficult to ensure sufficient rigidity in the floor portion due to its configuration.

  In the case of the technique described in Patent Document 2, the technique is based on the premise of joining the extruded members of aluminum ignoring the cost, resulting in a high cost and a problem in practical mass productivity. Further, since water or the like may enter from the gap between the joined aluminum extruded hollow members, it is necessary to seal the gap by welding or the like without leakage.

  Therefore, the present invention is an invention that has been made to solve these problems all at once, has high productivity, can flexibly cope with design changes, and sufficiently protects a battery even in a side collision. In addition, the present invention provides a vehicle body floor structure for an electric vehicle that has higher rigidity and excellent workability.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is a long body having a U-shaped cross section in which an opening is formed on the lower surface, and the front wheel axle is positioned before and after the front wheel so that its longitudinal direction is the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. One main frame arranged extending beyond the center of the axle of the wheel and at least two subframes fixed so as to extend from the side surface of the main frame to both sides in the width direction of the vehicle body A side frame that is arranged substantially parallel to the main frame and connects the ends of the sub frames, and the opening, and a space surrounded by the main frame, the sub frame, and the side frame from the lower surface side. A lower panel member that covers the upper panel member, and an upper panel member that covers the space surrounded by the main frame, the sub frame, and the side frame from the upper surface side; The main frame, the sub frame, the side frame, and the lower panel member are fixed by welding, and the upper panel member is detachably attached so that a battery can be accommodated in the main frame. Components such as various control devices can be accommodated in a space surrounded by the frame, the subframe, and the side frame.

  Thus, by arranging the batteries together in the main frame (long in the front-rear direction), it is possible to strongly protect the battery even when a side collision occurs. In addition, the main frame having a large cross-sectional space can absorb the impact even in the event of a collision from the front surface (front surface) or the rear surface (rear surface), so that damage to the battery can be minimized. . In addition, by changing the length of the main frame and the sub frame, it is possible to flexibly cope with a design change of the length and width of the chassis. In addition, components such as various control devices can be installed in the space surrounded by the main frame, subframe, and side frame (hereinafter referred to as “component housing space”), so that the room and trunk space are sacrificed separately. There is nothing. In addition, these components can be housed close to the battery, so short wiring is sufficient. Furthermore, since the upper panel member that covers the upper portion of the component housing space can be removed with a bolt or the like, the maintenance of the component is easy. In addition, the main frame can be formed by bending a steel plate, for example, so that it is excellent in low cost and mass productivity. Further, since the floor itself has a so-called “double structure” having a lower panel member and an upper panel member, the floor structure itself has extremely high rigidity, and further, the impact at the time of collision is effectively dispersed throughout the floor. It is also possible. Also, since all the batteries are housed in the main frame, even if the battery is severely damaged for some reason, the influence on the indoor side (above the floor) is extremely small (such as toxic gas and debris scattering) and passenger safety Can be secured.

  Further, the main frame is characterized in that an opening is formed through a crank portion protruding inward from the lower end of the U-shaped cross section in a cross-sectional view.

  By forming such a crank portion, the rigidity of the main frame itself can be improved.

  In addition, a tray provided on the crank portion is provided, and a battery is placed on the tray.

  By configuring in this way, the battery is arranged with a certain space in the height direction from the opening, so that a situation where the battery hits the bottom of the floor during traveling (so-called “belly rubbing”) ) And the lower panel member is recessed, the presence of the space can avoid direct damage to the battery.

  The tray is slidable in the longitudinal direction of the main frame.

  In this way, the battery can be easily taken in and out, and maintenance work and the like can be easily performed.

  Further, the lower panel member is formed flat.

  By configuring in this way, it is possible to suppress turbulence of the air below the floor, especially during high-speed driving, to suppress the occurrence of buoyancy, and to improve fuel efficiency by reducing air resistance, and by reducing wind noise Silence can be improved.

  Further, the upper panel member is formed flat.

  By comprising in this way, the floor surface without a level | step difference and excellent in boarding / exiting property can be produced. In addition, since the floor is flat, indoor facilities such as seats can be freely arranged.

  By applying the present invention, the productivity is high, the design can be flexibly dealt with, the battery can be sufficiently protected even in the case of a side collision, and the rigidity is further high and the workability is excellent. An electric vehicle body floor structure can be provided.

It is a perspective view of the floor structure concerning the present invention. It is sectional drawing in alignment with the vehicle width direction of the floor structure concerning this invention. It is the perspective view which showed the example of attachment of the upper panel member. It is the schematic side view which showed the floor structure near a front-wheel axle. It is the figure (front view) which showed the positional relationship of a main frame and an auxiliary | assistant frame.

  Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. For easy understanding of the drawings, it should be noted that there are portions where the size and dimensions of each portion are exaggerated and there are portions that do not necessarily match the actual product. In addition, each drawing is viewed in the direction of the reference sign, and is expressed as upper, lower, left, right, near, and back based on the direction.

<Configuration of body floor structure>
As shown in FIG. 1, a floor structure 1 according to the present invention is a long body having a U-shaped cross section (a cross section in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) in which an opening 102a is formed on a lower surface thereof. One main frame 102 that extends from the front wheel axle center position L1 to the rear wheel axle center position L2 so that the longitudinal direction is the front-rear direction of the vehicle body, and the side surface of the main frame 102 3 (six in total) subframes 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 fixed so as to extend to both sides of the vehicle body in the width direction of the vehicle body, and the subframes arranged substantially parallel to the main frame 102 A side frame 116 that connects the tips of the frames 104, 108, and 112, and a side frame 118 that connects the tips of the subframes 106, 110, and 114, and an opening The lower surface side of the space S2 surrounded by the portion 102a and the main frame 102 and the subframes 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 and the side frames 116, 118 (hereinafter simply referred to as “component housing space”). And a lower panel member 120 that covers the component housing space S2 and upper panel members 122 and 124 that cover the component housing space S2 from the upper surface side. The main frame 102, the subframes 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, the side frames 116 and 118, and the lower panel member 120 are fixed by welding, and the upper panel members 122 and 124 are detachably attached to accommodate the battery 140 in the main frame 102 and accommodate components. In the space S2, various control devices, etc. It has been able to accommodate the components 130. An upper body 160 is fixed to the upper side of the floor structure 1 by welding (see FIG. 2).

  The main frame 102 is formed by bending a single steel plate (in this embodiment, a thickness of 1.6 mm). The cross-sectional shape of the bent shape is a so-called “U-shaped” cross section (corresponding to the upper surface and both side surfaces), and the crank portion 102b is inward from both lower end portions of the U-shaped cross section. Is provided. Further, a flange portion 102c is formed on the crank portion 102b toward the outer direction (outside in the width direction) (see FIG. 2). As a result, the lower surface of the main frame 102 opens as an opening 102a. The width W1 of the main frame 102 is configured to be 25% or more with respect to the width W2 of the entire vehicle. Further, the main frame 102 is configured to extend to the front of the front wheel 150 (a position protruding to the front side of the front wheel 150) (see FIG. 4).

  In other words, the main frame 102 is configured to be wide so as to extend from both sides of the vehicle body to inner positions P1 and P2 in the width direction by 40% of the entire vehicle width W2. That is, the main frame 102 is configured to be wider than at least the positions from P1 to P2.

  The main frame 102 extends from the front of the front wheel shaft center position L1 to the rear of the rear wheel shaft center position L2. Subframes 104 and 106 are attached by welding to the left and right sides of the main frame 102 at a position slightly behind the front wheel shaft center position L1. Further, the sub-frames 108 and 110 are attached by welding at a predetermined interval behind them. Further, the sub-frames 112 and 114 are attached by welding at a predetermined interval behind them. These sub-frames 104 to 114 are all adjusted to a size that is substantially the same height as the main frame 102.

  Further, side frames 116 and 118 are fixed by welding at the front ends of the left and right subframes. That is, the left side frame 116 is welded and fixed substantially parallel to the main frame 102 to the tips of the subframes 104, 108, and 112 that extend to the left in the traveling direction of the vehicle. Similarly, a right side frame 118 is welded and fixed substantially parallel to the main frame 102 to the tips of the subframes 106, 110, and 114 that extend to the right in the vehicle traveling direction. These side frames 116 and 118 are both adjusted to a size that is substantially the same height as the main frame 102. A component 130 such as a control device is disposed in a space (component storage space) S2 surrounded by the main frame 102, the sub frames 104 to 114, and the side frames 116 and 118.

  A lower panel member 120 is attached so as to cover the component storage space S2 and the opening 102a on the lower surface of the main frame 102 from below. The lower panel member 120 has a single flat shape, and is fixed to the flange portion 102c of the main frame 102, the subframes 104 to 114, and the side frames by welding.

  Near the rear end of the main frame 102, rear sub-frames 126, 128 are fixed in the left-right direction, and a rear under panel 132 is provided so as to straddle the rear sub-frames 126, 128 and the main frame. .

  A required amount of a battery 140 serving as a drive source for the electric vehicle is accommodated in an internal space S1 of the main frame 102 (a space surrounded by the main frame 102 and the lower panel member 120). The battery 140 is inserted and removed from the front end (or rear end) of the main frame 102. The battery 140 is placed on a tray 142, and the tray 142 is slidable in the front-rear direction (for example, by a roller structure) so as to straddle both crank portions 102b. As a result, the battery 140 is disposed between the lower panel member 120 via a certain gap G1. Further, the battery 140 accommodated in the main frame 102 is disposed and fixed at a position that is recessed from the front end and the rear end of the main frame 102 to a certain extent. That is, in the case of a front or rear collision, the collision energy can be effectively absorbed by deformation of the main frame 102 itself of the provided hollow portion (portion in which the battery is not accommodated). It is possible to improve the performance.

  In addition, two upper panel members 122 and 124 are fastened and fixed to the upper surface of the component storage space S <b> 2 by bolts 170.

  Further, two auxiliary frames 144a and 144b are provided near the front wheel axle position L1 of the main frame 102 toward the front. The auxiliary frames 144a and 144b are formed so as to extend obliquely forward from the main frame 102 and to be substantially horizontal near the tip. Furthermore, it is formed so as to expand in the width direction when viewed from the main frame 102. When the floor structure is viewed from the front, the front end of the main frame 102 and the front ends of the auxiliary frames 114a and 114b have a positional relationship as shown in FIG. Become. Further, a bumper beam 146 is attached to the tips of the auxiliary frames 144a and 144b. In this embodiment, the auxiliary frames 144a and 144b are provided only on the front end side of the main frame 102. However, a configuration in which the auxiliary frames 144a and 144b are similarly provided on the rear end side may be employed.

<Operation and function of body floor structure>
Thus, by arranging the battery 140 in the main frame 102 (long in the front-rear direction), the battery 140 can be strongly protected even when a side collision occurs.

  In addition, the main frame 102 having a large cross-sectional space can absorb the impact even in the event of a collision from the front or the back, so that damage to the battery 140 can be minimized.

  In addition, by changing the length of the main frame 102 and the subframes 104 to 114, it is possible to flexibly cope with a design change of the length and width of the chassis. In addition, since components 130 such as various control devices can be installed in the component housing space S2, a separate room, trunk space, and the like are not sacrificed.

  Moreover, since these components 130 can be accommodated in a position close to the battery 140, a short wiring is sufficient. Further, since the upper panel members 122 and 124 that cover the upper part of the component housing space S2 are removable by bolts, the maintenance of the component 130 is also easy.

  Further, since the main frame 102 is formed by bending a steel plate, it is excellent in low cost and mass productivity. Further, since the floor itself has a so-called “dual structure” having the lower panel member 120 and the upper panel members 122 and 124, the rigidity of the floor structure itself is extremely high, and the impact at the time of collision is effectively reduced to the floor. It can also be distributed throughout.

  Moreover, since all the batteries 140 are accommodated in the main frame 102, even if the battery 140 is significantly damaged for some reason, the influence on the indoor side (above the floor) (such as toxic gas and debris scattering) is very small. Can be secured.

  Further, since the crank portion 102b is formed in the main frame 102, the rigidity of the main frame 102 itself is improved.

  In addition, a tray 142 provided on the crank portion 102 b is provided, and the battery 140 is placed on the tray 142. As a result, the battery 140 is disposed with a certain gap G1 in the height direction from the opening 102a, so that a situation (so-called “belly rubbing”) occurs where the battery hits under the floor during traveling or the like. Even if the lower panel member 120 is recessed, direct damage to the battery 140 can be avoided by the presence of the gap G1.

Since the tray 142 is slidable in the longitudinal direction of the main frame 102,
The battery 140 can be easily inserted and removed, and maintenance work and the like are easily performed.

  In addition, since the lower panel member 120 is formed flat, it is possible to suppress turbulence of the air below the floor, particularly during high-speed traveling, to suppress the occurrence of buoyancy, and to improve fuel efficiency by reducing air resistance. It is possible to improve quietness by improving and reducing wind noise.

  Further, since the upper panel members 122 and 124 are formed flat and are arranged so as to be substantially flush with the main frame 102, the subframes 104 to 114, and the side frames 116 and 118, there is no step. A floor surface excellent in getting on and off can be created. In addition, since the floor is flat, indoor facilities such as seats can be freely arranged.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Vehicle body floor structure 102 ... Main frame 102a ... Opening part 102b ... Crank part 102c ... Flange part 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 ... Sub-frame 116, 118 ... Side frame 120 ... Lower panel member 122, 124 ... Upper panel members 126, 128 ... rear side frame 130 ... component 132 ... rear under panel 140 ... battery 142 ... tray 144 ... auxiliary frame 146 ... bumper beam 150 ... tire 160 ... upper body L1 ... front wheel axle center position L2 ... rear wheel axle center Position S1 ... Battery storage space S2 ... Component storage space

Claims (6)

A long body with a U-shaped cross-section with an opening formed on the lower surface, extending from before the front wheel axle center position to after the rear wheel axle center position so that the longitudinal direction thereof is the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body One main frame arranged in a
At least two subframes fixed so as to extend from the side surface of the main frame to both sides in the width direction of the vehicle body,
A side frame that is arranged substantially parallel to the main frame and connects the tips of the sub-frames;
A lower panel member that covers from the lower surface side to the space surrounded by the opening and the main frame, sub-frame, and side frame;
An upper panel member covering the space surrounded by the main frame, the sub frame and the side frame from the upper surface side,
The main frame, subframe, side frame and lower panel member are fixed by welding, and the upper panel member is detachably attached,
A vehicle body floor of an electric vehicle characterized in that a battery can be housed in the main frame and components such as various control devices can be housed in a space surrounded by the main frame, sub-frame, and side frame. Construction. In claim 1,
The main frame has an opening formed through a crank portion protruding inward from a lower end of the U-shaped cross section in a cross-sectional view. In claim 2,
A vehicle body floor structure for an electric vehicle, comprising: a tray installed on the crank portion; and a battery mounted on the tray. The electric vehicle body floor structure according to claim 3, wherein the tray is slidable in a longitudinal direction of the main frame. In any one of Claims 1-4,
The lower panel member is formed in a flat shape. In any one of Claims 1-5,
The upper panel member is formed in a flat shape.

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