JP5696967B2 - Co2の排出を規制した直接還元鉄の製造方法 - Google Patents
Co2の排出を規制した直接還元鉄の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 34
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Description
本発明は、水素と一酸化炭素に転換される天然ガスから得られる循環再生高温還元ガスのストリームに直接接触させることによって、粒状鉄鉱石を海綿鉄としても知られる直接還元鉄(DRI)に還元する方法に関する。より詳細には、本発明は、炭素を含む燃料を用いる際に、CO2副生成物の大気中への放出を減少する方法を提供する。
DRIは、鉄鉱石(主として、塊、凝集ペレットまたはこれらの混合物の形態である酸化鉄)を、水素と一酸化炭素を主成分とする還元ガスと750〜1100℃の温度範囲で反応させることにより生成される固体粒状物質である。
したがって、本発明の目的は、大気中に無制限に漏れるCO2の放出を減少させるDRIの製造方法および装置を提供することである。
図1から図6を参照して、本発明の実施形態をいくつか説明する。参照を容易にするため、すべての図面について、同一符号は、一般に同一要素を示す。
下記の表は、それぞれの組成と本発明を実施する直接還元プロセス用に算出した関連するガス・ストリームの流量を示す。ガス・ストリームは、図1および図2に示す番号によって特定される。94%の金属化(鉄全体に対する金属鉄の割合%)と3.5%の炭素という条件で1時間あたり220トンのDRIを生成する、外部改質装置を備えていないプラントに対して、流量および組成を算出した。
Claims (17)
- 還元反応器、ガス冷却ユニット、二酸化炭素選択除去ユニット、および還元ガスヒータを含む直接還元プラント内でDRIを製造する方法であって、 炭化水素含有ガスから得られる水素と一酸化炭素を主成分とする高温還元ガスと反応させることにより、酸化鉄含有粒子をDRI含有金属鉄に還元し、 水素、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、メタン、および水を含む前記反応器からの使用済み還元ガスを浄化し、前記ガス冷却ユニット内で冷却することで、前記使用済み還元ガスから水を凝集して回収し、 前記浄化および冷却されて水が除去された使用済み還元ガスを前記二酸化炭素選択除去ユニットで処理して、前記直接還元プラントから回収される略純粋な二酸化炭素のストリームを生成することで、水素、一酸化炭素、およびメタンを主成分とする改良還元ガスを生成し、 前記改良還元ガスの第1の部分が、前記還元ガスヒータで加熱された後、前記反応器へ再循環される方法において、 前記改良還元ガスの第2の部分を物理ガス分離ユニット内で処理して、高濃度の水素を含む第1ガス・ストリームと、高濃度の一酸化炭素とメタンを含む第2ガス・ストリームを生成し、前記第1ガス・ストリームを前記還元ガスヒータの燃料として使用するとともに、前記第2ガス・ストリームを前記反応器へ再循環させることを特徴とする方法。
- 好適な溶剤中で化学吸収を行うことにより、前記還元反応器からの前記使用済み還元ガスから前記二酸化炭素を選択的に除去することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のDRIの製造方法。
- 前記物理ガス分離ユニットが、PSA/VPSA吸着ユニットであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のDRIの製造方法。
- 前記物理ガス分離ユニットが、ガスにより透過が異なる膜ユニットであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のDRIの製造方法。
- 前記炭化水素含有ガスが、天然ガスであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のDRIの製造方法。
- さらに前記DRIを冷却ガスのガス・ストリームと接触させることで、前記反応器の下部排出ゾーンで前記DRIを冷却することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のDRIの製造方法。
- さらに炭化水素含有ガスを改質装置で改質し、前記改質装置からの還元ガス排出物を前記改良還元ガスに供給することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のDRIの製造方法。
- 還元反応器、ガス冷却ユニット、二酸化炭素選択除去ユニット、および還元ガスヒータを接続することで構成された還元ガス再循環ループを含む、直接還元プラント内でDRIを製造する装置であって、 前記反応器は、炭化水素含有ガスから得られる水素と一酸化炭素を主成分とする高温還元ガスと反応させることにより、酸化鉄含有粒子をDRI含有金属鉄に還元するためのものであり、 前記ガス冷却ユニットは、水素、一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、メタン、および水を含む前記反応器からの使用済み還元ガスを浄化および冷却することで、前記使用済み還元ガスから水を凝集して回収するためのものであり、 前記二酸化炭素選択除去ユニットは、このように浄化および冷却されて水が除去された使用済み還元ガスを処理して、前記直接還元プラントから回収される略純粋な二酸化炭素のストリームを生成することで、水素、一酸化炭素、およびメタンを主成分とする改良還元ガスを生成するためのものであり、 前記還元ガスヒータは、加熱後に前記再循環ループを経由して前記反応器へ再循環される前記改良還元ガスの第1の部分を加熱するためのものであり、 H 2およびCOに改質される炭化水素含有ガスを補給ガスとして供給するためのガス源を備える装置において、 前記二酸化炭素選択除去ユニットと前記還元ガスヒータとの間で前記還元ガス再循環ループに接続され、前記還元ガス再循環ループから前記改良還元ガスの第2の部分が供給され、これを処理して、高濃度の水素を含む第1ガス・ストリームと、高濃度の一酸化炭素とメタンを含む第2ガス・ストリームを生成する物理ガス分離ユニットを含み、 前記第1ガス・ストリームを燃料として供給するため、前記物理ガス分離ユニットが前記還元ガスヒータのバーナに接続され、 前記第2ガス・ストリームを前記還元ガスヒータに供給するため、前記物理ガス分離ユニットが、前記還元ガス再循環ループと接続されることを特徴とする装置。
- 前記二酸化炭素選択除去ユニットが、化学吸収ユニットであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のDRIの製造装置。
- 前記物理ガス分離ユニットが、PSA/VPSA吸着ユニットであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のDRIの製造装置。
- 前記物理ガス分離ユニットが、ガスにより透過が異なる膜ユニットであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のDRIの製造方法。
- 前記炭化水素含有ガスが、天然ガスであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のDRIの製造装置。
- 前記反応器の下部排出ゾーンをガス冷却/浄化装置と接続することで形成されるDRI冷却ループと、 前記DRIを冷却するため、前記下部ゾーンを通して冷却ガスのストリームを循環させるコンプレッサ手段と、をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載のDRIの製造装置。
- 前記ガス源に接続されるとともに、COとH2を主成分とする改質ガスを供給するため、前記還元ガス再循環ループにさらに接続される炭化水素含有ガス改質装置をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載のDRIの製造装置。
- 前記二酸化炭素選択除去ユニットの下流側で前記還元ガス再循環ループに接続される加湿器をさらに含み、前記ガス源は、前記加湿器に隣接して前記還元ガス再循環ループに接続されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のDRIの製造装置。
- 前記改質装置はバーナを備え、高濃度の水素を含む前記第1ガス・ストリームの一部が、前記改質装置のバーナに燃料として供給されることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のDRIの製造方法。
- 前記改質装置はバーナを備え、高濃度の水素を含む前記第1ガス・ストリームの一部を前記改質装置のバーナに燃料として供給するため、前記物理ガス分離ユニットが前記改質装置のバーナに接続されることを特徴とする請求項14に記載のDRIの製造装置。
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