JP5689660B2 - Geological survey method and transparent tube used for it - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a geological survey method for photographing a hole wall surface of a borehole with a borehole camera device, and an auxiliary tool used therefor.

  In the geological survey using a borehole, a borehole camera is inserted into the borehole, a borehole camera device is inserted into the borehole camera, and the hole wall surface is photographed with a borehole camera device. The ground conditions such as running and tilting are observed.

  The borehole camera device can take a 360 degree image projected by a wide-angle lens or a convex mirror. A borehole camera device is inserted through the opening of a borehole drilled in the vertical direction and scanned vertically in a state where it is suspended by a cable. Shoot. The captured image data is sent to a computer device connected to the borehole camera device, and the computer device develops and synthesizes each image data by known image processing as disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1 below. A hole wall development image is generated.

  Since the borehole camera device is lifted and lowered in the borehole while being suspended from the cable, if the cable is kinked, the image taking direction cannot be determined correctly. Therefore, the borehole camera device has a built-in azimuth sensor that measures the azimuth, adds the azimuth data to the captured image data, and synthesizes the image data so that the azimuths of the image data coincide in the image processing. (Patent Document 2).

  In addition, an automatic camera drive mechanism is provided for automatically raising and lowering the borehole camera device at a constant speed. The automatic camera drive mechanism is a device that sends out the cable at a constant speed while measuring the speed with, for example, a rotary encoder. The computer device acquires the speed information of the borehole camera device from the automatic camera drive mechanism, and based on this, the shooting is performed. It is possible to specify the position (depth) of each image data.

JP 58-223113 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-210594 JP 2004-336287 A

  However, by incorporating an orientation sensor in the borehole camera device and providing an automatic camera drive mechanism (functioning as a depth sensor) that moves the borehole camera device at a constant speed, the structure of the borehole camera device is increased in size and complexity. Costs also increase. For geological surveys at a depth of several tens of meters, the introduction of such a large and complex borehole camera device is not cost effective, and a method for conducting a geological survey using a simple borehole camera device is required. . As a simple borehole camera device, an inexpensive borehole camera device that does not have an orientation sensor and an automatic camera drive mechanism is also provided. However, as described above, the orientation and position of the captured image data cannot be specified. It can only be used for simple geological surveys that do not require any location, and cannot be used for precise and detailed analysis of boreholes.

  In addition, Patent Document 3 discloses that a direction indicating marker whose vertical direction is indicated by a white line is photographed by a borehole camera device together with a hole wall so that an azimuth sensor is not required. Effective for holes, but not applicable to vertical boreholes. Regarding the vertical direction, the use of a compass as a direction indicating marker is also described, but it is substantially difficult to accurately measure the direction due to the delay or swing of the pointer of the compass. Furthermore, mounting the orientation indicating marker in the borehole camera device complicates the structure of the borehole camera device.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a geological survey method for capturing an image from which azimuth information and position information can be obtained using a simple borehole camera device that does not have an azimuth sensor and an automatic camera drive mechanism (depth sensor). It is to provide an auxiliary tool.

  In order to achieve the above object, the geological survey method of the present invention is to connect a plurality of cylindrical transparent tubes of a predetermined length, insert them into a borehole, and insert the camera of the borehole camera device into the transparent tube. , The hole wall is photographed through a transparent tube.

  More specifically, the geological survey method of the present invention is a geological survey method in which a probe containing a camera constituting a borehole camera device is inserted into a borehole and a hole wall surface in the borehole is photographed. A plurality of transparent tubes each having a predetermined length with a colored straight line extending in a straight line are connected so that the colored straight lines of each transparent tube are in a straight line, and the plurality of connected transparent tubes are inserted into a boring hole, and the connection is made. The plurality of transparent tubes are inserted into the plurality of transparent tubes, and the probes are moved in the depth direction. An image of the entire circumference of the hole wall surface is taken.

  The auxiliary tool used in the geological survey method of the present invention is a transparent tube inserted into a bored hole drilled for geological survey, which is provided with a colored straight line extending in the length direction, and constitutes a borehole camera device This is a transparent tube into which a probe with a built-in is inserted.

  According to the present invention, since the straight signs attached to the plurality of connected transparent tubes are photographed by being superimposed on the hole wall surface by the borehole camera device, the straight signs are aligned (in the same direction). By correcting the image data of each hole wall surface, the direction of each image data can be aligned.

  Further, since the connecting portion of the transparent tube is photographed as a horizontal straight line superimposed on the hole wall surface, the depth position can be grasped by counting the horizontal straight line.

It is a figure which shows the bore tube camera apparatus 20 which image | photographs the transparent tube 10 used for the geological survey method in embodiment of this invention, and a hole wall surface. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a transparent tube 10. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a probe 21 of a borehole camera device 20. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a photographed image by a borehole camera device 20. FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the hole wall surface expansion image of 1 frame. It is a figure explaining rearrangement of the pixel of a hole wall surface development picture. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state synthesized by aligning the directions of a plurality of hole wall surface developed images by pixel shift processing.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, this embodiment does not limit the technical scope of the present invention.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a transparent tube 10 used in a geological survey method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a borehole camera device 20 for photographing a hole wall surface. In the geological survey method of this embodiment, a plurality of cylindrical transparent tubes 10 having a predetermined length are connected and inserted into a borehole, and the camera of the borehole camera device 20 is inserted into the transparent tube 10. The hole wall surface is photographed through the transparent tube 10.

  The transparent tube 10 is formed by connecting a plurality of transparent tubes 10 having a predetermined length (for example, 2 m) for the depth of the borehole, forming a length corresponding to the depth of the borehole, and being inserted into the borehole. .

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of the transparent tube 10, FIG. 2 (a) shows one transparent tube 10, and FIG. 2 (b) shows a state in which a plurality of transparent tubes 10 are connected. . The transparent tube 10 is formed of a transparent material such as acrylic resin or polycarbonate resin. Since the hole wall surface is imaged through the transparent tube 10, the transparent tube 10 is preferably colorless and has high visible light transmittance. An example of the dimensions is, for example, an outer diameter of about 50 mm, a thickness of about 2 to 3 mm, and a length of about 2 m with respect to a standard hole diameter of 66 mm in domestic geological surveys. The outer diameter is smaller than the bore diameter of the borehole, and is appropriately designed so that the probe of the borehole camera device 20 can be inserted. The length dimension is appropriately designed in consideration of the ease of transportation to the site and the connection work on site, but about 2 m is preferable.

  The transparent tube 10 is provided with connecting means 11 threaded at both ends in order to be connectable, one end being threaded by a male screw 11a and the other end being threaded by a female screw 11b. The connection means 11 is not limited to the screw connection, and may be another connection means, for example, a concave-convex fitting. The length of the connection means 11 is appropriately set. For example, when the length is 5 cm, for example, when the transparent tube 10 is connected at intervals of 2 m, the length of the transparent tube 5 including the connection means is 2 m5 cm.

  A colored linear marker 12 extending in the length direction between both ends of the transparent tube 10 is attached to the outer peripheral side surface portion. As will be described later, the color is a color that is superimposed on the hole wall surface and is distinguishable from the hole wall surface due to the difference obtained by photographing the hole wall surface with the borehole camera device 20. The color which does not overlap with the color of is preferable.

  The straight line mark 12 is attached so that each straight line mark 12 becomes a straight line when a plurality of transparent tubes 10 are connected. When the transparent tube 10 is screwed, the circumferential position of the linear marker 12 cannot be freely changed. Therefore, the transparent tube 10 without the linear marker 12 is fixed with a screw, and then each linear marker is fixed. A linear mark 12 is attached to each transparent tube 10 so that 12 is in a straight line. The straight line marker 12 may be drawn with ink, or a colored tape may be attached thereto. If the position of each linear marker 12 can be freely changed in the circumferential direction by connecting the concave and convex portions, etc., the linear marker 12 is attached at an arbitrary position in the circumferential direction and adjusted so that it becomes a straight line after coupling. do it. When the connecting means is fixed with a screw, the threading position differs depending on each transparent tube. First, as described above, the straight marker 12 is in a straight line and a plurality of transparent tubes are connected. Thus, it is preferable to attach a code (number) indicating the connection order of the transparent tubes to the transparent tubes. Thereafter, each time when the transparent tube is inserted into the boring hole, the transparent tubes are connected in numerical order, so that the straight markers 12 of the connected transparent tubes can be reproduced so as to be in a straight line.

  The borehole camera device 20 includes a probe 21 incorporating a camera for photographing a hole wall surface, a cable 22 for hanging the probe 21, and a winch 23 for pulling the cable 22, and further processing the image data by inputting image data, A computer device 25 for displaying and recording is provided.

  The borehole camera device 20 used in the geological survey method does not need to have an orientation sensor that detects the orientation of the probe 21 or a depth meter that measures the depth of the probe 21 (a drive mechanism that moves the probe 21 up and down at a constant speed).

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the probe 21 of the borehole camera apparatus 20. The probe 21 is attached to a camera 211 that captures an entire circumference image of the hole wall surface, a control unit 212 that performs data control such as transmission of image data captured by the camera 211, and a lens outer periphery of the camera 211. And an illumination unit 213 that illuminates a predetermined range in front of the hole wall surface. The hole wall surface in front of the camera 211 (vertically downward) is illuminated by the illumination unit 213, and the camera 211 captures the hole wall surface (imaging range L) where the illumination reaches. In order to photograph the hole wall surface in the diagonally forward direction of the camera 211, a wide-angle lens is preferably attached to the camera 211. The photographing range of the hole wall surface by the camera 211 is, for example, a belt-like portion having a length L on the hole wall surface S shown in FIG. The illumination unit 213 is preferably an LED, and irradiates a uniform amount of light over the entire circumference.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an image taken by the borehole camera device 20. The ring-shaped diagonal line in FIG. 4 is the image area of the hole wall surface, and the central circle is a black area where nothing is taken due to the darkness where the illumination does not reach. is there. The circumferential direction of the ring-shaped image image is the horizontal direction of the hole wall surface, the radial direction is the vertical direction, and the difference between the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the ring is the length L (see FIG. 3).

  In the present embodiment, the probe 21 of the borehole camera device 20 is inserted into the transparent tube 10 inserted into the borehole and images are taken. Images are taken with the hole wall surface superimposed in the radial direction of the image. Further, in the photographed image, as shown in FIG. 4A, the joints 13 of the connecting portions of the transparent tube 10 appear in the form of straight bands in the circumferential direction. The joint 13 is a portion where the image becomes discontinuous due to refraction of the light at the connection portion, and appears as a straight band.

  While the probe 21 is photographing while descending the transparent tube 10, the photographing direction changes due to the rotation of the probe 21 on the horizontal plane due to the kinking of the cable 22, and thereby the photographing position of the linear marker 12 also changes. . FIGS. 4A and 4B show a case where the position of the line marker 12 in the captured image differs due to the kinking of the cable 22.

  The photographed image data is transmitted through the cable 24 by the control unit 212 of the probe 21 and sent to the computer device 25. The probe 21, for example, takes an image of 60 frames per second, and the computer device 25 uses a known image expansion process (for example, JP-A-1-210594 and JP-A-3-132590) to form a ring shape. A belt-like hole wall surface developed image is generated by developing the hole wall surface image.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hole wall surface development image of one frame. One frame of the hole wall surface development image is formed of pixels of vertical m × horizontal n (m and n are natural numbers). The computer device 25 detects pixels including the straight line markers 12 included in the hole wall surface developed image, and sets the pixels of the hole wall surface expanded image so that the positions of the straight line markers 12 of the plurality of hole wall surface expanded images are at the same position. Rearrange and synthesize each hole wall image. Further, when the captured image includes the joint 13 of the connecting portion of the transparent tube 10, the joint 13 appears as a horizontal straight line in the developed image. In FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 described later, the actual formation pattern of the hole wall surface is not shown, and only the straight marker 12 and the joint 13 are shown.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining pixel rearrangement of the hole wall surface developed image. Pixel rearrangement processing is realized by a computer program stored in storage means of a computer device being executed by a CPU that is arithmetic processing means of the computer device. As shown in FIG. 6A, when the hole wall surface development image of one frame is formed of pixels of vertical m × horizontal n (m and n are natural numbers), one horizontal line in order from the top. Pixels (n) are read out, and pixels including the color of the line marker 12 are detected and selected from the color information of each pixel. When a plurality of pixels includes the color of the line marker 12 due to the width of the line marker 12, the center pixel is selected. FIG. 6A shows an example in which the i-th pixel of one horizontal line has the color information of the line marker 12.

  For example, when the rearrangement reference position is set to the left end position of the hole wall developed image, the selected pixel is shifted to the left end position as shown in FIG. 6B, and i, i + 1, The pixels are rearranged so that i + 2,..., n, 1, 2,.

  By performing the above-described rearrangement process a total of m times for each horizontal line, the direction of the hole wall surface developed image of one frame can be corrected to the reference direction.

  In addition, since the position of the straight line marker 12 is substantially the same position in the hole wall surface development image of one frame, any one horizontal line in the hole wall surface development image of one frame is selected, and the straight line mark is selected. The pixels may be shifted so that the order of the detected pixels becomes the left end position for all lines by detecting the pixels including 12 color information and specifying the order.

  Similarly, with respect to the hole wall surface development image of another frame, similarly, by detecting the pixel including the color information of the straight line marker 12 and performing pixel shift processing, the direction of each of the plurality of hole wall surface expansion images is linearly changed. The direction of the sign 12 can be aligned on the basis, and a plurality of hole wall surface developed images subjected to the processing can be connected to obtain a hole wall developed image of the entire borehole. As for the processing order, the same result can be obtained by performing the pixel shift processing as described above for each horizontal line after combining and synthesizing a plurality of hole wall surface development images. You may make it connect the strip which cut out a part of hole wall surface expansion | deployment image by the predetermined width in the horizontal direction.

  In the above description, the pixel selected as the pixel including the color information of the line marker 12 has been shifted to the left end position of the developed image, but may be the right end position. It is also possible to use the halfway position between both ends in the horizontal direction instead of the end of the developed image as a reference, but the straight line that is not originally an image of the hole wall is conspicuous compared to the left and right end positions. Therefore, it is preferable to set the left and right end positions as reference positions.

  In the hole wall expansion image, the left and right end positions are in the south direction, and the horizontal center position is expanded in the north direction. Therefore, the transparent tube 10 has the straight sign 12 in the south direction. Inserted into the borehole.

  The computer device 25 can display the pixel wall developed image data on the hole wall surface on a display, and can record the data on a recording medium such as a magnetic recording medium (built-in hard disk drive) or an optical recording medium (DVD). In addition, it can be reproduced and displayed. The computer device 25 can also execute an application program for processing the hole wall surface developed image.

  FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which the directions of a plurality of hole wall surface development images are aligned by pixel shift processing, and FIG. 7A illustrates each hole wall surface expansion image before pixel shift processing. 7 (b) shows a state in which each hole wall surface developed image is synthesized so that the direction of each hole wall surface expanded image is aligned by the pixel shift processing, and the straight marker 12 extends in a straight line in the vertical direction. FIG. 7B shows an example in which the shift position (reference position) of the pixel including the color information of the line marker 12 is set to the center position of the horizontal line in order to clearly show the line marker 12.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7B, a horizontal straight line corresponding to the joint 13 of the transparent tube 10 is also shown, so that the joint 13 functions as position information in the depth direction. By counting the number of (direction straight lines) from above, the depth position of the hole wall developed image can be grasped. For example, if the probe 21 is pulled down manually by operating the winch 23, it is considered that the moving speed of the probe 21 is not constant. In this case, the joints 13 do not have a constant interval. The approximate depth position can be confirmed by visually confirming the joint 13 with the position of the joint 13 appearing above as a guide. That is, even if the borehole camera device 20 does not have an automatic camera drive mechanism (functioning as a depth sensor), the depth position of the hole wall surface developed image can be confirmed.

  10: transparent tube, 11: connecting means, 12: straight line marker, 20: borehole camera device, 21: probe, 22: cable, 23: winch, 25: computer device, 211: camera, 212: control unit, 213: illumination Part

Claims (5)

A probe including a camera constituting the borehole camera device is inserted into the borehole, and a hole wall surface in the borehole is photographed. The borehole camera device includes an orientation sensor for detecting the direction of the probe and a depth of the probe. In a geological survey method that does not have a depth sensor to measure the position ,
A plurality of transparent tubes of a predetermined length with colored straight lines extending in the length direction are connected so that the colored straight lines of each transparent tube are in a straight line,
Inserting the connected transparent tubes into the borehole;
Inserting the probe into the plurality of connected transparent tubes and moving the probes in the depth direction, the inside of the borehole where the colored straight line of the transparent tube is superimposed by a camera built in the probe. A geological survey method characterized in that a plurality of hole wall perimeter images are taken . Oite to claim 1,
The plurality of hole wall circumferential images taken by a camera built in the probe are transmitted to a computer device connected to the borehole camera device,
The computer apparatus executes a process of developing and synthesizing the plurality of hole wall circumferential images so that the colored linear portions of the hole wall circumferential images are in the same position, and generating a hole wall developed image. Geological survey method characterized by letting. In claim 2 ,
A geological survey method characterized by causing the computer device to execute a process of developing the plurality of hole wall surface circumferential images so that the colored linear portion of each hole wall surface image is located at an end.   A transparent tube inserted into a drilled borehole for geological survey, characterized by a colored straight line extending in the length direction and a probe containing a camera constituting the borehole camera device being inserted Transparent tube. In claim 4 ,
A transparent tube characterized in that it has connecting means that can be connected to another transparent tube at the end.

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