JP5689273B2 - Temporary scaffolding and building construction method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a temporary scaffold and a building construction method.

  Conventionally, when a floor opening such as a colonnade is formed on an intermediate floor of a building, provisional structures for carrying out surrounding construction have been provided in the floor opening. For example, a tower-like scaffold such as a rolling tower has been set up (see Patent Document 1), and a temporary lid has been provided at the floor opening (see Patent Document 2).

JP-A-8-028030 JP-A-5-222844

  However, in the case of using a tower-like scaffold, there is a problem that the places where it can be used are limited. For example, when the floor opening is a staircase where a staircase is installed, the scaffolding and the stairway interfere with each other, so that a tower-like scaffolding cannot be used. Further, if the floor opening is closed with a lid, there is a problem that it is impossible to perform the work using the floor opening during the work. For example, in a large-scale building, a dedicated elevator and stairs can be separately provided outside the building. However, in the case of small-scale buildings such as detached houses, it is difficult to adopt large-scale temporary structures and temporary facilities due to space and cost constraints. For example, the main stairs are installed at the initial stage of construction, In many cases, the operator goes up and down or carries in / out materials etc. through the opening. Therefore, it is required that the floor opening can be used even when the temporary scaffold is installed without closing the floor opening with a lid.

  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem. Even in the case of a floor opening in a small-scale building such as a detached house, the operator can move up and down or supply materials in a state where a temporary scaffold is installed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a temporary scaffold for a floor opening that can use the floor opening without causing any trouble in carrying in and out of the vehicle.

In order to solve the above problems, a temporary scaffold according to the present invention is a temporary scaffold used for a floor opening inside a steel structure constructed by a steel frame, and is connected to a beam at the periphery of the floor opening. A plurality of struts, a pair of horizontal members spanned across the struts, and a work floor spanned between the pair of horizontal members and provided above the floor opening. It is characterized by providing.

  According to the temporary scaffold according to the present invention, the struts are connected to the beams on the periphery of the floor opening, and the work floor is bridged over the horizontal material between the struts. Therefore, it can be set as the structure by which a work floor is temporarily installed in the position higher than a floor surface by a support | pillar by arrange | positioning a horizontal material in a position higher than the floor which has a floor opening part. Since the column is connected to the beam at the periphery of the floor opening, it does not interfere with the structure (such as stairs) that connects the lower floor and the floor opening, and the work floor is also separated from the floor surface by the column. Since it can be temporarily installed at a high position, the floor opening is not blocked. That is, while using the temporary scaffolding to safely construct the upper floor beams and floors, the ceiling above the floor opening, and the surrounding walls in the floor opening, other workers By passing through the space between the floor and the periphery of the floor opening, the floor opening can be used for raising and lowering or carrying in and out materials. In addition, it is possible to install temporary scaffolding with a significantly simpler configuration than dedicated equipment such as elevators and large-scale scaffolding in the shape of a tower, so it should be applied effectively to small buildings such as detached houses. Can do. As described above, even in a state where a temporary scaffold is installed, the floor opening can be used without hindering the operator's ascending / descending or loading / unloading of materials and the like.

  In the temporary scaffold according to the present invention, it is preferable that a handrail standing up to a predetermined height from the work floor is connected to the upper end of the support column. Thus, by providing the handrail at the upper end of the support column, the work on the work floor can be performed safely.

  In the temporary scaffold according to the present invention, the work floor is preferably composed of a plurality of plate members having a rectangular shape in plan view. Since the work floor is divided into a plurality of plate members and the weight per sheet is suppressed, temporary work can be performed safely.

In the temporary scaffold according to the present invention, the floor opening is provided with a staircase for communication with the lower floor, and the plurality of plate members descend from the periphery of the floor opening above the staircase. It is preferable to line up along the direction. Since the plurality of plate members are arranged along the periphery of the floor opening, that is, along the direction of descending the stairs from the climbing position of the stairs, by removing the plate member on the climbing position side, work with the periphery of the floor opening. The space between the floor can be widened. Therefore, by temporarily removing only some of the plate members on the climbing position side of the stairs, it is possible to secure a sufficient height near the climbing position, such as a long building material using the stairs. Carry-in work can be performed smoothly.

  In the building construction method according to the present invention, after constructing the floor of the floor where the floor opening is formed, the temporary scaffold described above is installed, and the frame around the floor opening is constructed using the temporary scaffold. It is characterized by that. Furthermore, it is preferable to construct the interior ceiling and wall around the floor opening using a temporary scaffold.

  In the building construction method according to the present invention, the construction work of the frame, interior ceiling and wall around the floor opening can be performed extremely safely by using the above-mentioned temporary scaffold.

  According to the present invention, even in a state where a temporary scaffold is installed, the floor opening can be used without hindering the lifting and lowering of the worker or carrying in / out of materials and the like.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the temporary scaffold which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and the building in which the said temporary scaffold was installed. It is the figure which looked at the temporary scaffold which concerns on embodiment of this invention from the front beam side. It is the figure which looked at the temporary scaffold which concerns on embodiment of this invention from upper direction.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a temporary scaffolding and a building construction method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  With reference to FIG. 1, the structure of the building ST provided with the temporary scaffold 1 which concerns on this invention is demonstrated. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a structure of a temporary scaffold 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention and a building ST in which the temporary scaffold 1 is installed. As shown in FIG. 1, the building ST is a two-story detached house composed of steel frames (columns, beams). As an example, the building ST has a two-story 305 mm flat module and a predetermined floor height (for example, 2890 mm, which is a dimension that ensures an average ceiling height of 2400 mm as a house at a position below the beam). It is a two-story industrialized house. In this building ST, a second-floor floor F2 is configured by bridging a floor panel made of ALC on the upper flange of a second-floor floor beam made of H-shaped steel. Bolt holes are formed in the upper flange, the lower flange and the web of the second-floor beam at a pitch based on the planar module for bolting with other members.

  A rectangular (for example, 1830 mm × 1830 mm) floor opening FH is formed in the staircase region of the second floor F2. Second floor beams are arranged on each of the four sides of the peripheral edge of the floor opening FH (see FIGS. 2 and 3). Specifically, at the peripheral edge of the floor opening FH, the front beam H1 on the side of the climbing position UP (climbing start position DP) of the stairs and the front beam H1 are arranged horizontally and on the outer wall W side. A back beam H2, a first side beam H3 and a second side beam H4 orthogonal to the front beam H1 and the back beam H2 are arranged. The floor opening FH is provided with a staircase SP for communication with the first floor F1. The staircase SP is formed of a steel member and is of a U-turn type. The staircase SP is placed on the first floor F1 and is bolted to the web of the front beam H1 at the uphill position UP on the second floor.

  Next, with reference to FIGS. 1-3, the structure of the temporary scaffold 1 installed in the floor opening part FH of the building ST is demonstrated. FIG. 2 is a view of the temporary scaffold 1 according to the present embodiment as viewed from the front beam H1 side (that is, the direction indicated by A in FIG. 1). FIG. 3 is a view of the temporary scaffold 1 according to the present embodiment as viewed from above (that is, the direction indicated by B in FIG. 1). As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the temporary scaffold 1 includes brackets 10 </ b> A, 10 </ b> B, 10 </ b> C, 10 </ b> D, lower struts (supports) 20 </ b> A, 20 </ b> B, 20 </ b> C, 20 </ b> D, a back beam 30, side beams (horizontal material) 40, work A floor 50, an upper column (handrail) 60, a crosspiece (handrail) 70, and a handrail unit 80 are provided. In FIGS. 1 to 3, in order to explain the configuration of the temporary scaffold 1, a part thereof is appropriately broken, a part is shown in cross section, and a part of the components is omitted. For example, in FIG. 1, the vicinity of the lower ends of the lower columns 20A and 20B shown on the front side of the drawing is broken, and the configurations of the brackets 10C and 10D are shown. Further, FIG. 2 shows a partial cross section of the work floor 50 and the side beam 40. Moreover, in FIG. 3, the floor panel of a 2nd floor is abbreviate | omitted and the upper support | pillar 60 and the crosspiece 70 are also abbreviate | omitted. Furthermore, in FIG. 3, the arrangement of the step plates of the staircase SP is indicated by a dotted line.

  The brackets 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D are members that are fixed to the webs of the side beams H3 and 4 using the bolt holes of the webs and that support the lower columns 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D, respectively. The bracket 10A is fixed to the back beam H2 side in the web of the first side beam H3. The bracket 10B is fixed to the front beam H1 side in the web of the first side beam H3. The bracket 10C is fixed to the back beam H2 side in the web of the second side beam H4. The bracket 10D is fixed to the front beam H1 side in the web of the second side beam H4. The brackets 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D are attached two each in the vertical direction at each position. Accordingly, the lower ends of the lower columns 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D can be supported at two locations in the vertical direction, and the support strength can be improved and rattling can be prevented.

  The brackets 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D are in contact with the contact portions 11 that are in contact with the webs of the side beams H3 and H4, and the plurality of hooks 12 that protrude from the contact portions 11 and are bent upward. The arm 13 extends from the portion 11 to the opposite side of the hook 12, and a cylindrical column holding portion 14 provided at the tip of the arm 13. When mounting the brackets 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D, the contact portion 11 is inclined with respect to the webs of the side beams H3 and H4, the hooks 12 are inserted through the bolt holes of the webs, and then are raised and contacted. The part 11 is brought into contact with the web. As a result, the web is sandwiched between the contact portion 11 and the hook 12, and the brackets 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D can be fixed without using bolts or the like. Specifically, the brackets 10A and 10C on the rear beam H2 side are attached using bolt holes at positions near the front beam H1 by 305 mm from the corner portion. The brackets 10B and 10D on the front beam H1 side are attached using bolt holes closer to the rear beam H2 at 610 mm from the corner portion in order to avoid interference with members near the climbing position UP among the members constituting the staircase SP. ing. In addition, the more detailed structure and attachment method of bracket 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D are demonstrated by Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 09-041654, The bracket in this embodiment also applies to the attachment metal fitting described in the said gazette.

  Lower struts 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D are connected to side beams H3 and H4 at the periphery of the floor opening FH via brackets 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D, and pipes that span beams 30 and 40 described later. Shaped member. The lower support column 20A is fixed to the bracket 10A, the lower support column 20B is fixed to the bracket 10B, the lower support column 20C is fixed to the bracket 10C, and the lower support column 20D is fixed to the bracket 10D. The lower support columns 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D include a main body portion 21 extending in the vertical direction, a fixing portion 22 on a lower end side of the main body portion 21 fixed to the brackets 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D, and a fixing portion for fixing the main body portion 21. And an offset portion 23 for offsetting from 22 to the floor opening FH side. The fixing portion 22 is inserted into the support column holding portions 14 of the brackets 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D, and is fixed by tightening bolts on the side surfaces of the support column holding portions 14. Moreover, since the main body 21 is offset to the floor opening FH side with respect to the fixed portion 22 by the offset portion 23, it becomes easy to perform the construction of the interior wall facing the staircase.

  An upper beam mounting piece 24 and a lower beam mounting piece 25 for mounting the beams 30 and 40 to a predetermined height are provided on the main body 21 of the lower support columns 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D. The upper beam mounting piece 24 and the lower beam mounting piece 25 are configured by extending two plates spaced apart from the peripheral surface of the main body 21 by a predetermined distance and closing a gap between the two plates with a bottom wall. . Moreover, the through-hole for inserting a pin is formed in two plates. The upper beam mounting piece 24 and the lower beam mounting piece 25 are provided in three directions excluding the fixed portion 22 side in order to provide versatility of the lower columns 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D. That is, the lower struts 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D all have the same configuration. For example, when only the beam mounting pieces 24 and 25 necessary for mounting the beams 30 and 40 are provided according to the mounting position of the lower column, which lower column is fixed to which bracket when the temporary scaffold 1 is assembled. There is a need to consider. On the other hand, by providing the beam mounting pieces 24 and 25 in three directions to provide versatility, the same lower support column can be used regardless of the mounting position. On the upper side of the upper beam mounting piece 24, a beam mounting piece 26 is further provided on the floor opening FH side. The beam 30 may be attached to the beam attachment piece 26.

  The back beam 30 and the side beam 40 are pipe-shaped members having both ends corresponding to the shapes of the beam mounting pieces 24, 25, and 26. The back beam 30 and the side beam 40 are bridged between the lower support columns in order to improve the rigidity of the temporary scaffold 1. Further, the pair of side beams 40 that are spanned so as to face each other between the lower columns on the upper stage side can support the work floor 50. Further, the pair of side beams 40 spanned so as to face the lower columns on the lower side can prevent falling from between the second floor F2 and the work floor 50. At both ends of the back beam 30 and the side beam 40, there is provided a single plate in which a through hole for inserting a pin is formed. By sandwiching the plate between the two plates of the beam mounting pieces 24, 25, and 26 and inserting and fixing a pin in the through hole, the back beam 30 and the side beam 40 are lowered to the lower columns 20A, 20B, 20C, It is fixed to 20D. The back beam 30 is stretched over the lower beam mounting piece 25 of the lower column 20A and the lower column 20C arranged on the back beam H2 side. The side beam 40 is bridged over the upper beam mounting piece 24 and the lower beam mounting piece 25 of the lower column 20A and the lower column 20B arranged on the first side beam H3 side. Further, the side beam 40 is bridged between the upper beam mounting piece 24 and the lower beam mounting piece 25 of the lower column 20C and the lower column 20D arranged on the second side beam H4 side. The back beam 30 may be bridged over the upper beam mounting piece 24, or may be bridged over both the upper beam mounting piece 24 and the lower beam mounting piece 25. Further, the side beam 40 only needs to be able to bridge at least the work floor 50, and the upper beam mounting piece 24 and the lower beam mounting piece 25 that do not bridge the work floor 50 may be omitted.

  The work floor 50 is a part where an operator works as a scaffold in the temporary scaffold 1. The work floor 50 is composed of a plurality of plate members 51A, 51B, 51C, 51D having a rectangular shape in plan view. Specifically, plate members 51A, 51B, 51C, and 51D are bridged between the side beams 40 on the upper stage side. Moreover, it arrange | positions so that a clearance gap may not arise between board members. The plate members 51A, 51B, 51C, 51D are arranged along the direction D1 descending the stairs SP from the periphery of the floor opening FH (here, the climbing position UP of the stairs SP on the front beam H1 side). In the present embodiment, the side beams H3 and H4 are arranged along the extending direction. A pair of claw-like protrusions 52 are formed on the lower surfaces of the plate members 51A, 51B, 51C, 51D near the both ends. The plate members 51 </ b> A, 51 </ b> B, 51 </ b> C, 51 </ b> D are placed on the side beam 40 so that the side beam 40 is sandwiched between the protrusions 52. Thereby, the surface rigidity of the work floor 50 is ensured. The height of the work floor 50 is set to about 650 to 700 mm from the second floor F2. The work floor 50 may be bridged over the lower side beam 40.

  The front beam H1 side of the work floor 50 is set back. That is, a space is provided between the plate member 51A and the climbing position UP of the stairs SP. Accordingly, even while the temporary scaffold 1 is being used, the floor opening FH near the climbing position UP can be obtained by taking a posture in which other workers moving up and down the stairs SP are bent. It is possible to pass through. Further, the plate members 51A, 51B, 51C, 51D are arranged along the direction D1 descending the stairs SP and can be detached from the side beam 40. Therefore, a further sufficient head clearance can be secured by temporarily removing the plate member 51A on the front beam H1 side and further the plate member 51B. When carrying in / out a long member using the stairs SP, the workability of carrying in / out can be improved by increasing the number of removed members.

  The upper support column 60 and the crosspiece 70 are members that constitute handrails for preventing falling during work on the work floor 50. The upper support column 60 and the crosspiece 70 are connected to the upper ends of the lower support columns 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D to form a handrail that stands up to a predetermined height from the work floor 50. The upper support column 60 is a pipe-like member having a slightly smaller diameter than the lower support columns 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D, and is fixed by being inserted into the upper cavity of the lower support columns 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D, respectively. The Further, a crosspiece attachment piece for attaching the crosspiece 70 is provided at the middle portion and the upper end portion of the upper support column 60. The crosspiece 70 is a pipe-like member, and both ends are fixed to the crosspiece attachment piece of the upper support 60.

  The handrail unit 80 is a fence for preventing falling from the second floor F2. As described above, since it is necessary to be able to move up and down using the stairs SP even during work on the temporary scaffold 1, a beam is bridged between the lower column 20B and the lower column 20D on the front beam H1 side. I can't. Therefore, on the second floor, the handrail unit 80 is disposed at a position corresponding to the climb start position DP, thereby preventing the fall. The handrail unit 80 is a cantilever handrail with an L shape in plan view. The handrail unit 80 is fixed to the upper beam mounting piece 24 of the lower support column 20B and attached to the peripheral surface of the lower support column 20B by a clamp 81. When the U-turn direction of the stairs SP is reversed, the handrail unit 80 is attached to the lower column 20D.

  Next, a building construction method according to this embodiment using the temporary scaffold 1 will be described. First, shafts such as columns and beams are constructed, and the first floor F1, the second floor F2, and the stairs SP are constructed by frame construction. Thereafter, the temporary scaffold 1 is immediately installed on the floor opening FH. The temporary scaffold 1 is used to construct a frame around the floor opening FH. Moreover, the interior ceiling and the wall around the floor opening FH are constructed using the temporary scaffold 1. Specifically, the temporary scaffold 1 is used in a mounting process of a roof beam, a roof panel made of ALC, a second-floor outer wall panel, and the like in the frame construction. The height of the work floor 50 is high enough to reach a roof panel made of roof beams and ALC for an average male adult male. In addition, after the completion of the frame construction, it will be removed after being used as appropriate for wood work, electrical work, interior finishing work, etc. The lower struts 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, the beams 30, 40, the upper strut 60, and the crosspiece 70 are offset from the peripheral edge of the floor opening FH, so that the above construction is not hindered. However, for the part where the brackets 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D are attached and the periphery thereof, it is not possible to attach a wall board (gypsum board) or finish work such as a cloth. .

  Next, operations and effects of the temporary scaffold 1 and the building construction method according to the present embodiment will be described.

  In the temporary scaffold 1 according to the present embodiment, the lower columns 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D are connected to the side beams H3 and H4 at the periphery of the floor opening FH, and the work floor 50 is installed on the side beam 40 between the lower columns. It is configured to pass. Therefore, it can be set as the structure by which the work floor 50 is temporarily installed in the position higher than the 2nd floor F2 which has the floor opening part FH. Since the lower columns 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D are connected to the side beams H3 and H4 at the periphery of the floor opening FH, what is the staircase SP that is a structure that communicates from the first floor F1 to the floor opening FH? Since there is no interference and the work floor 50 can be temporarily installed at a position higher than the floor surface of the second floor F2, the floor opening FH is not blocked. That is, the temporary scaffold 1 is used to safely construct a frame such as a beam / floor on the upper floor, a ceiling above the floor opening FH, and a peripheral wall on the floor opening FH, while other workers Can pass up and down using the staircase SP and the floor opening FH or carry in / out materials etc. by passing through the space between the work floor 50 and the periphery of the floor opening FH. In addition, the temporary scaffold 1 can be installed with a much simpler configuration than a dedicated device such as an elevator or a large-scale scaffolding, so it is effectively applied to small buildings such as detached houses. can do. As described above, even when the temporary scaffolding 1 is installed, the floor opening FH can be used without hindering the lifting and lowering of workers or the carrying in and out of materials.

  Further, in the temporary scaffold 1 according to the present embodiment, an upper column 60 and a crosspiece 70 that constitute a handrail standing at a predetermined height from the work floor 50 are connected to the upper ends of the lower columns 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D. The Thus, the work on the work floor 50 can be performed safely by providing handrails at the upper ends of the lower supports 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D.

  Moreover, in the temporary scaffold 1 which concerns on this embodiment, the work floor 50 is comprised from several plate member 51A, 51B, 51C, 51D of a planar view rectangle. Since the work floor 50 is divided into a plurality of plate members 51A, 51B, 51C, 51D and the weight per sheet is suppressed, the temporary work can be performed safely.

  In the temporary scaffold 1 according to the present embodiment, the floor opening FH is provided with a staircase SP for communication with the first floor F1, and the plurality of plate members 51A, 51B, 51C, 51D They are lined up along the direction D1 going down the stairs SP from the periphery of the part FH. Since the plate members 51A, 51B, 51C, 51D are arranged along the periphery of the floor opening FH, that is, along the direction D1 descending the stairs SP from the climb position UP of the stairs SP, the plate member 51A on the climb position UP side. Further, by removing 51B, the space between the periphery of the floor opening FH and the work floor 50 can be widened. Accordingly, by temporarily removing only a part of the plate members 51A and further only the plate member 51B on the climbing position UP side of the staircase SP, a sufficient height can be secured in the vicinity of the climbing position UP. It is possible to smoothly carry in long construction materials using SP.

  In the building construction method according to the present embodiment, after constructing the second floor F2 in which the floor opening FH is formed, the temporary scaffold 1 described above is installed, and the temporary scaffold 1 is used to surround the floor opening FH. Build the frame. Furthermore, interior ceilings and walls around the floor opening FH are constructed using the temporary scaffold 1. In the building construction method according to the present embodiment, by using the temporary scaffold 1 described above, the construction work of the frame, interior ceiling and wall around the floor opening FH can be performed extremely safely.

  The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the configuration of the temporary scaffold installed in the floor opening with respect to the U-turn type staircase is illustrated. However, the floor opening with respect to any type of staircase may be used, for example, in the linear form A temporary scaffold may be installed at the floor opening with respect to the stairs. Moreover, you may install the temporary scaffold which concerns on this invention with respect to the floor opening part in which the staircase SP is not provided. For example, you may apply to the floor opening part for comprising the floor opening part for home elevators, and the colonnade which gives the indoor space a spread.

  Moreover, although the structure in the case of four lower support | pillars was demonstrated, you may increase a support | pillar further. In addition, the lower column and the upper column may be integrated by increasing the length of the column.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Temporary scaffolding, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D ... Lower support | pillar (support), 40 ... Beam (horizontal material), 50 ... Work floor, 51A, 51B, 51C, 51D ... Plate member, 60 ... Upper support (handrail) , 70: Crosspiece (handrail), ST ... Building, FH ... Floor opening, SP ... Staircase.

Claims (6)

A temporary scaffold used for a floor opening inside a steel structure constructed of steel frames,
A plurality of struts connected to beams at the periphery of the floor opening;
A pair of horizontal members spanned across the columns to face each other;
A temporary scaffold comprising: a work floor that is spanned between the pair of horizontal members and provided above the floor opening .   The temporary scaffold according to claim 1, wherein a handrail standing at a predetermined height from the work floor is connected to an upper end of the support column.   The temporary scaffold according to claim 1, wherein the work floor includes a plurality of plate members having a rectangular shape in plan view. Wherein the floor opening is provided with stairs for contact with the lower floor, a plurality of the plate members, in above the stairs, arranged along a direction down the stairs from the periphery of the floor opening The temporary scaffold according to claim 3 .   After constructing the floor of the floor on which the floor opening is formed, the temporary scaffold according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is installed, and the frame around the floor opening is constructed using the temporary scaffold. The building construction method characterized by this.   The building construction method according to claim 5, further comprising constructing an interior ceiling and a wall around the floor opening using the temporary scaffold.

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