JP5688310B2 - Quay crane - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a quay crane used for container handling at a port or an inland container terminal.

  At container terminals such as harbors and inland areas, containers between ships, railways and trailers are handled by quay cranes and portal cranes. As an earthquake countermeasure for this quay crane, there is a seismic isolation crane in which a seismic isolation device is installed between the leg structure of the crane and the traveling device (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

  FIG. 5 shows a crane having a seismic isolation device. The crane 1X includes a leg structure 20 constituted by a sea side leg 21 and a land side leg 22, and a boom 24 and a girder 25 supported by the leg structure 20. Further, a seismic isolation device 2X is provided between the leg structure 20 and the traveling device 23. Reference numeral 26 denotes a cargo handling device (trolley), 27 denotes a container ship, and 28 denotes a container. Further, the x-axis direction indicates the transverse direction of the crane (sea and land direction), and z indicates the vertical direction.

  Next, the cargo handling operation by the crane 1X will be described. The crane 1X lifts the container 28 mounted on the container ship 27 with a lifting tool 26a, and performs a cargo handling operation for mounting on a trailer (not shown) waiting on the quay. Alternatively, the crane 1X performs a cargo handling operation of loading the container 28 from the trailer onto the container ship 27. In this loading / unloading work, the crane 1X is moved along the quay (in the back or front direction of FIG. 5) by the traveling device 23, and is performing the loading / unloading work while changing the position of unloading or loading.

  Next, the operation of the crane 1X when an earthquake occurs will be described. When an earthquake occurs, the shear pin or the like that has fixed the seismic isolation device 2X breaks, and the seismic isolation device 2X operates. The seismic isolation device 2X has an effect of insulating the crane 1X from the vibration of the ground surface. The seismic isolation device 2X is required to support the weight of the crane and be deformed in the horizontal direction (for example, the transverse direction x).

  The seismic isolation device 2X will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 6A shows a side view of the seismic isolation device 2X in a normal state. The seismic isolation device 2X includes a laminated rubber 13 in which rubber materials and steel plates are alternately laminated, a bottom plate 4X, and a top plate 5X. FIG. 6B shows a state where the top plate side projection and the bottom plate side projection in the plan view of the laminated rubber 13 are completely overlapped. That is, the laminated rubber 13 supports the weight of the crane in the support area S indicated by the hatched portion. In addition, C has shown the centerline of the seismic isolation apparatus 2X. Moreover, the diameter in the plane of the laminated rubber 13 is generally about 400 to 1200 mm. The y-axis direction indicates the traveling direction of the crane.

FIG. 7A shows a side view of the seismic isolation device 2X when an earthquake occurs. The laminated rubber 13 is deformed by an external force F1 (earthquake force). Figure 7B, shows a state where a part of the top plate side projection S _T and a bottom plate-side projection S _B are overlapped. The laminated rubber 13 substantially supports the weight of the crane in the support region S indicated by oblique lines. That is, in order to support the weight of the crane with the seismic isolation device 2X, it is necessary to secure a certain area of the support region S. In addition, L1 has shown the slide length of the seismic isolation apparatus 2X. This slide length L1 is about 700 to 800 mm at the maximum. The conventional quay crane 1X has a seismic isolation effect by the seismic isolation device 2X. Also, C _T is the ceiling plate-side center line, C _B represents the bottom plate side centerline.

With the revision of the Port Law in May 2006, the technical standards of port facilities were specified, and new technical standards were enacted in April 2007. In some cases, the amount of horizontal deformation (hereinafter referred to as slide length) in the direction exceeds ± 1000 mm. In dealing with this standard, the crane 1X equipped with the seismic isolation device 2X has several problems.

First, when a rubber material having a small spring constant, that is, a soft rubber material, is used for increasing the amount of horizontal deformation in the laminated rubber, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient vertical load resistance. Yes. That is when an earthquake occurs as shown in FIG. 7A, in a state where the top plate side projection S _T and a bottom plate-side projection S _B of the laminated rubber 13 is partially overlapped, vertical load capacity small laminated rubber 13, the weight of the crane It becomes impossible to support.

  Secondly, in a seismic isolation device using laminated rubber, it is conceivable to extend the length in the vertical direction in order to obtain a sufficient amount of horizontal deformation. It has the problem of buckling. In other words, as described above, in order to obtain a sufficient amount of horizontal displacement, it is necessary to extend the length in the vertical direction, but there is a risk that the rubber may be damaged and the crane may fall over.

  Thirdly, the seismic isolation device requires an attenuation device for attenuating the swing of the crane after the earthquake occurs. This attenuation device requires a large stroke, and the size and weight of the attenuation device itself are large. Increasing the size of the crane and increasing the weight of the crane itself are also problematic.

  From the above, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient amount of horizontal deformation with a seismic isolation device composed of laminated rubber.

JP 2000-44168 A

  This invention is made | formed in view of said problem, The objective is to provide the quay crane which can respond to a large-scale earthquake in the quay crane which has a seismic isolation apparatus. In particular, it is to provide a quay crane having a seismic isolation device having a slide length of ± 1000 mm or more.

More quay cranes according to the present invention for achieving the above object, the quay crane having a seismic isolation device, wherein the seismic isolation device is disposed between the bottom plate and top plate, and the bottom plate and the top plate with the a retainer of rolling elements held in rollable state within a predetermined range respectively fixed to the bottom plate or the top plate, the elastic installed laterally outer periphery of the bottom plate and the top plate and protective sheet, the bottom plate and has a fixing device and fixing the relative position between the top plate has a curved bottom plate contact surface on which the bottom plate is convex downward, the top plate and a convex downward has a curved top plate contact surface formed, the bottom plate lubricating oil is filled in a space formed contact surface and said top plate and contacts with the protective sheet, the rolling element is substantially spherical, the during normal locking device to fix the relative position between said top plate and said bottom plate, The fixed device is released by the rolling element the top plate by rolling and sliding the bottom plate upper slides the rolling elements on the earthquake the event, the top plate moves relative to said bottom plate In this case, the protective sheet expands and contracts .

With this configuration, the quay crane can obtain a sufficient seismic isolation effect against a large-scale earthquake. That is, the slide length can be extended as compared with the prior art by a configuration in which the slide length of the seismic isolation device is realized by the bottom plate, the top plate, and the rolling elements. Moreover, the vertical load bearing performance of a seismic isolation device can be improved by the structure which a rolling element supports the weight of a crane. Furthermore, the seismic isolation device can obtain a restoring force using potential energy by combining the curved bottom plate, top plate and rolling elements. Moreover, since wear and corrosion of the rolling elements can be prevented, the operation stability of the seismic isolation device can be improved. The maintainability of the seismic isolation device can be improved.

The pocket of the retainer that restricts the movement of the plurality of rolling elements can be formed by a combination of linear materials.

Rolling quay crane according to the present invention for achieving the above object, the quay crane having a seismic isolation device, wherein the seismic isolation device is disposed between the bottom plate and top plate, and the bottom plate and the top plate a body, and a protective sheet having stretchability to be installed on the side periphery of the bottom plate and the top plate, having a fixing device and fixing the relative position between the top plate and the bottom plate, the bottom plate is downwardly It has a curved bottom plate contact surface that is convex, and the top plate has a curved top plate contact surface that is convex upward, and is formed of the bottom plate contact surface, the top plate contact surface, and the protective sheet. that the lubricating oil is filled in the space, the rolling element is substantially spherical, usually the fixing device to fix the relative position between said top plate and said bottom plate when said is canceled the fixed device during an earthquake rolling elements is the top plate by rolling and sliding the bottom plate on the rolling element on Sliding, and wherein the protective sheet when said top plate to said bottom plate is moved to stretch.

The rolling element can be formed in a substantially cylindrical shape with smooth corners or a substantially spherical shape with an elliptical cross section.

  According to the quay crane according to the present invention, the quay crane having a seismic isolation device can provide a quay crane that can cope with a large-scale earthquake. In particular, a quay crane having a seismic isolation device having a slide length of ± 1000 mm or more can be provided.

It is the figure which showed the seismic isolation apparatus of the quay crane of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the seismic isolation apparatus of the quay crane of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the seismic isolation apparatus of the quay crane of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the seismic isolation apparatus of the quay crane of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed the outline of the conventional quay crane. It is the figure which showed the conventional seismic isolation apparatus. It is the figure which showed the conventional seismic isolation apparatus.

Hereinafter, a quay crane according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, the schematic which made some cross sections the seismic isolation apparatus 2 of the quay crane (not shown) of embodiment which concerns on this invention is shown. The seismic isolation device 2 restrains the bottom plate 4, the top plate 5, a plurality of rolling elements 3 installed between the bottom plate 4 and the top plate 5, and the rolling elements 3 at positions within a predetermined range. The retainer 10a is provided. The bottom plate 4 has a curved bottom plate contact surface 6 that protrudes downward. Similarly, the top plate 5 also has a curved top plate contact surface 7 that protrudes downward. The retainer 10a has a plurality of pockets 11a formed in a plate-like object by punching or the like. In FIG. 1, a part of the pocket 11a is omitted. The retainer 10a is preferably a spherical retainer having a curved surface. Particularly preferably, the spherical shape is configured to correspond to at least one of the contact surfaces 6 and 7 of the bottom plate 4 or the top plate 5. That is, the shape of the retainer 10 a is a curved shape along the bottom plate 4 or the top plate 5. The retainer 10 a is fixed to the bottom plate 4 or the top plate 5. Desirably, it is fixed to the bottom plate 4.

  In addition, the retainer can also comprise the retainer 10b which formed the pocket 11b combining the linear material other than the retainer 10a which formed the pocket 11a by punching etc. in the plate-shaped object. That is, the retainer 10 may be configured to limit the moving distance of the rolling element 3.

  FIG. 2 shows a side perspective view of the seismic isolation device 2. FIG. 2A shows the seismic isolation device 2 in a normal state. The seismic isolation device 2 has a plurality of rolling elements 3 that are in contact with the bottom plate contact surface 6 and the top plate contact surface 7 and that can roll within a range constrained by the retainer 10. The retainer 10 is fixed to the bottom plate 4 or the bottom plate contact surface 6 side. A protective sheet 8 having elasticity is provided on the outer periphery of the bottom plate 4 and the top plate 5. It is desirable to fill the space formed by the protective sheet 8, the bottom plate contact surface 6 and the top plate contact surface 7 with lubricating oil. Further, the bottom plate 4 and the top plate 5 are connected by a fixing device 9, and the relative positions of the bottom plate 4 and the top plate 5 are fixed in a normal state.

  Next, the operation of the seismic isolation device 2 will be described. In the normal time shown in FIG. 2A, the seismic isolation device 2 firmly fixes the relative position of the bottom plate 4 and the top plate 5 with the fixing device 9. At this time, the weight of the crane is supported by the plurality of rolling elements 3. That is, the bottom plate 4 and the top plate 5 are configured not to contact each other.

  FIG. 2B shows the state of the seismic isolation device 2 when an earthquake occurs. When a force exceeding a predetermined value is applied to the seismic isolation device 2 due to the occurrence of an earthquake, the fixing by the fixing device 9 is released, and the seismic isolation device 2 operates. By releasing the fixing device 9, the top plate 5 can slide (slide) in the horizontal direction with respect to the bottom plate 4. The plurality of rolling elements 3 roll and slide with respect to the contact surfaces 6 and 7 while maintaining the state of supporting the weight of the crane and being restrained by the retainer 10. Here, the protection sheet 8 expands and contracts as the bottom plate 4 and the top plate 5 slide, and is deformed so as not to leak the enclosed lubricating oil.

  The fixing device 9 can be released by mechanical control based on, for example, breaking of a shear pin or an emergency earthquake warning or an input from a seismometer. Further, the seismic isolation device 2 can insulate seismic motion from all directions within a horizontal plane. That is, the seismic isolation device 2 can freely move in the traveling direction y (from the front to the back in FIG. 2) in addition to the transverse direction x (left and right direction in FIG. 2) of the crane, and in the direction in which the transverse direction x and the traveling direction y are combined. Can slide into.

  With the above configuration, the following operational effects can be obtained. 1stly, since a seismic isolation apparatus has sufficient slide length, a quay crane can acquire sufficient seismic isolation effect with respect to a large-scale earthquake. This is because the slide length of the seismic isolation device is defined by the size of the contact surfaces 6 and 7 of the bottom plate 4 and the top plate 5. Like conventional seismic isolation devices using laminated rubber, the slide length is not limited to physical properties such as rubber materials.

  Second, it is possible to provide a seismic isolation device with high vertical load-bearing performance. This is to support the weight of the crane with a plurality of rolling elements having a vertical load capacity sufficiently larger than that of the rubber material. Furthermore, since a plurality of rolling elements share and support the weight of the crane, the rolling elements can have a small vertical load resistance.

Third, it is possible to provide a seismic isolation device having a high restoring force. The bottom plate 4, the top plate 5, and the rolling element 3 of the seismic isolation device 2 are all in a position where the initial state (see FIG. 2A) is most stable. Therefore, the seismic isolation device 2 can automatically obtain a restoring force in a direction that maintains this initial state. Moreover, since the restoring force which acts on this seismic isolation device 2 is not a spring force limited to the physical property value of the rubber material, but uses potential energy, it is configured to easily obtain a restoring force larger than the conventional one. be able to. Specifically, the difference in height between the curved surfaces of the contact surfaces 6 and 7 may be formed large.

  4thly, the seismic isolation apparatus which made the height of the perpendicular direction low can be provided. This is because the bottom plate 4 and the top plate 5 have curved contact surfaces 6 and 7 so that the rolling element 3 can be moved, and it is not necessary to increase the vertical height of the seismic isolation device 2. Because.

  The rolling element 3 is not limited to a spherical shape, and may be a substantially cylindrical shape with smooth corners or a substantially spherical shape having an elliptical cross section. When the rolling element 3 has a substantially columnar shape or the like, the swingback of the vibration isolation device 2 is smaller than that of a spherical shape. Therefore, the vibration isolator can be stopped immediately in the initial state after the wharf vibration stops.

  In FIG. 3, the schematic which made some cross sections the seismic isolation apparatus 2A of the quay crane (not shown) of different embodiment which concerns on this invention is shown. The seismic isolation device 2A includes a bottom plate 4A, a top plate 5A, and rolling elements 3A that are slidably and slidably installed between the bottom plate 4A and the top plate 5A. The bottom plate 4A has a curved bottom plate contact surface 6A that protrudes downward. The top plate 5A has a top plate contact surface 7A that is convex upward. 3 A of rolling elements are formed in the substantially cylindrical shape which formed the angle | corner smoothly, or substantially spherical shape. Further, the rolling element 3A is configured to be able to roll and slide while being in contact with the bottom plate contact surface 6A and the top plate contact surface 7A. Furthermore, it is desirable to form at least a part of the surface of the rolling element 3A with a lubricating material (for example, nylon resin).

  FIG. 4 shows a side perspective view of the seismic isolation device 2A. FIG. 2A shows the seismic isolation device 2A in a normal state (also referred to as an initial state). The seismic isolation device 2A includes a rolling element 3A that is in contact with the bottom plate contact surface 6A and the top plate contact surface 7A and is capable of rolling and sliding. A stretchable protective sheet 8 is provided on the outer periphery of the bottom plate 4A and the top plate 5A. It is desirable to fill the space formed by the protective sheet 8, the bottom plate contact surface 6A and the top plate contact surface 7A with lubricating oil. Further, the bottom plate 4A and the top plate 5A are connected by a fixing device 9, and the relative position between the bottom plate 4A and the top plate 5A is fixed in a normal state.

  Next, the operation of the seismic isolation device 2A will be described. In the normal time shown in FIG. 4A, the seismic isolation device 2A firmly fixes the relative position of the bottom plate 4A and the top plate 5A with the fixing device 9. At this time, the weight of the crane is supported by the rolling elements 3A. That is, the bottom plate 4A and the top plate 5A are configured not to contact each other.

  FIG. 4B shows the state of the seismic isolation device 2A when an earthquake occurs. When a force exceeding a predetermined value is applied to the seismic isolation device 2A due to the occurrence of an earthquake, the fixing by the fixing device 9 is released, and the seismic isolation device 2A operates. By releasing the fixing device 9, the top plate 5A can slide (slide) in the horizontal direction with respect to the bottom plate 4A. The rolling element 3A rolls and slides against the contact surfaces 6A and 7A while maintaining the state of supporting the weight of the crane. Here, the protection sheet 8 expands and contracts with the slide of the bottom plate 4A and the top plate 5A, and is deformed so as not to leak the lubricating oil.

  With the above configuration, the following operational effects can be obtained. 1stly, since a seismic isolation apparatus has sufficient slide length, a quay crane can acquire sufficient seismic isolation effect with respect to a large-scale earthquake. This is because the slide length of the seismic isolation device is defined by the size of the contact surfaces 6A and 7A of the bottom plate 4A and the top plate 5A. Like conventional seismic isolation devices using laminated rubber, the slide length is not limited to physical properties such as rubber materials.

  Second, it is possible to provide a seismic isolation device with high vertical load-bearing performance. This is to support the weight of the crane with the rolling element 3A having a vertical load capacity sufficiently larger than that of the rubber material.

  Third, it is possible to provide a seismic isolation device having a high restoring force. The bottom plate 4A, the top plate 5A, and the rolling element 3A of the seismic isolation device are all in a position where the initial state (see FIG. 4A) is most stable. Therefore, the seismic isolation device 2A can automatically obtain a restoring force in a direction to maintain this initial state. In addition, since the restoring force acting on the seismic isolation device 2A is not a spring force limited to the physical property value of the rubber material but uses potential energy, it is configured to easily obtain a restoring force larger than the conventional one. be able to. Specifically, it is preferable to form a large difference in height between the curved surfaces of the contact surfaces 6A and 7A.

  4thly, the seismic isolation apparatus which made the height of the perpendicular direction low can be provided. This is because the bottom plate 4A and the top plate 5A have contact surfaces 6A and 7A that are curved surfaces, so that the rolling element 3A can be moved, and it is not necessary to increase the vertical height of the seismic isolation device 2A. Because.

  From the above, the seismic isolation device has a sufficient slide length, high vertical load-bearing performance, and can easily obtain a sufficient restoring force. A quay crane can be provided.

  From the above, the seismic isolation device has a sufficient slide length, high vertical load-bearing performance, and can easily obtain a sufficient restoring force. A quay crane can be provided. The above-mentioned seismic isolation device is preferably installed between the quay crane's leg structure and the traveling device, but can also be installed at other locations such as an intermediate point of the leg structure. Moreover, the above-described seismic isolation device can be installed in a portal crane or the like in addition to a quay crane.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Quay crane, crane 2, 2A Seismic isolation device 3, 3A Rolling element 4, 4A Bottom plate 5, 5A Top plate 6, 6A Bottom plate contact surface 7, 7A Top plate contact surface 9 Fixing device 10, 10a, 10b Retainer

Claims (4)

In quay cranes with seismic isolation devices,
The seismic isolation device holds a bottom plate and a top plate and a plurality of rolling elements arranged between the bottom plate and the top plate in a state in which they can roll within a predetermined range. a retainer that is fixed, a protective sheet having stretchability to be installed on the side periphery of the bottom plate and the top plate, the fixing device and fixing the relative position between the top plate and the bottom plate,
The bottom plate has a curved bottom plate contact surface that protrudes downward, and the top plate has a curved top plate contact surface that protrudes downward, the bottom plate contact surface, the top plate contact surface, and the The space formed by the protective sheet is filled with lubricating oil,
The rolling element is substantially spherical ;
The fixing device to fix the relative position between the top plate and the bottom plate in the normal, the top plate the rolling elements and rolling and sliding the bottom plate upper is released the fixed device during the earthquake A quay crane that slides on the rolling elements and expands and contracts the protective sheet when the top plate moves relative to the bottom plate . The quay crane according to claim 1, wherein a pocket of the retainer that restricts movement of the plurality of rolling elements is formed by a combination of linear materials. In quay cranes with seismic isolation devices,
The seismic isolation device, a bottom plate and top plate, and the rolling element disposed between the bottom plate and the top plate, a protective sheet having stretchability to be installed on the side periphery of the bottom plate and the top plate, and a fixing device for fixing the relative position between said top plate and said bottom plate,
The bottom plate has a curved bottom plate contact surface convex downward, and the top plate has a curved top plate contact surface convex upward, the bottom plate contact surface, the top plate contact surface, and the The space formed by the protective sheet is filled with lubricating oil,
The rolling element is substantially spherical ;
The fixing device to fix the relative position between the top plate and the bottom plate in the normal, the top plate the rolling elements and rolling and sliding the bottom plate upper is released the fixed device during the earthquake A quay crane that slides on the rolling elements and expands and contracts the protective sheet when the top plate moves relative to the bottom plate . The rolling element has a substantially cylindrical shape with smooth corners or a substantially spherical shape with an elliptical cross section.
The quay crane according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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