JP5686352B2 - Solid support on which microorganism group performing parallel dual mineralization reaction is immobilized, catalyst column, and method for producing solid medium for plant cultivation - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing a solid support on which a group of microorganisms that perform a parallel double mineralization reaction that mineralizes organic matter to produce nitrate nitrogen is immobilized.
The present invention also relates to a method for producing a catalyst column using the solid support to produce nitrate nitrogen, which is an inorganic fertilizer component, from an organic substance. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing a plant cultivation solid medium, wherein the solid carrier is a plant cultivation solid medium.

In recent years, from the viewpoint that a recycling-oriented society should be established, there has been an active movement worldwide to refrain from using chemical fertilizers and to promote the use of organic fertilizers.
However, in 'nutrition culture' that does not use soil, which has been spreading in the production of vegetables such as tomatoes and flowers, direct addition of organic substances to the nutrient solution generates harmful intermediate decomposition products, and plant roots are Because it would be damaged, the use of organic fertilizer in hydroponics was not considered. Therefore, even today, only chemical fertilizer is used in hydroponics.

  In order to use organic fertilizer in hydroponics, a technique for mineralizing organic matter into useful inorganic fertilizer components such as nitrate nitrogen is necessary. Conventionally, as a technique for mineralizing an organic substance, there is a wastewater treatment technique using a microorganism group (see, for example, Patent Document 1), which is a denitrification that reduces generated nitrate nitrogen and releases it as nitrogen gas. Since it is accompanied by a reaction, nitrate nitrogen is lost, which does not meet the purpose of producing inorganic fertilizer.

Therefore, as a technique that efficiently recovers nitrate nitrogen (as nitrate ions) from organic matter and can be used as an inorganic fertilizer component, the parallel dual mineralization method described in Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 1 has been invented. .
This technology is a highly reproducible method that decomposes organic nitrogen while suppressing denitrification reaction and can recover nitrate ions that are highly efficient nitrate nitrogen as inorganic fertilizer components. Technology. As a result, it has become possible to implement “hydroponic cultivation utilizing organic fertilizer” and “manufacture of inorganic fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen using organic substances as raw materials” (for example, Non-patent Document 1, 3).
The invention described in Patent Document 2 is attracting attention as a technique for producing a nutrient solution culture using an organic fertilizer and producing an inorganic fertilizer component such as nitrate nitrogen using an organic resource as a raw material. For this reason, there are great expectations from farmers and plant factories that are interested in new hydroponics technology, as well as companies planning to recycle organic resources.
In addition, by using the parallel dual mineralization method described in Patent Document 2, organic fertilizer is directly added to the nutrient solution to produce nitrate nitrogen, and 'hydroponics with hydroponics using organic fertilizer' It became possible to do.

However, when producing a fertilizer containing an inorganic fertilizer component by the parallel compound mineralization method described in Patent Document 2, the nitrification of organic matter decomposition (ammonia formation) and nitrate ion generation (nitrate formation) is cultured. Since it is performed only by the action of the microorganism group attached to the culture tank wall surface in the tank, the surface area of the wall surface becomes rate-limiting, and there is a problem that takes too much time in terms of the reaction rate for mineralizing organic matter into nitrate nitrogen.
Furthermore, the culture of the microorganism group and the reaction require constant aeration (operation to always maintain aerobic conditions such as aeration), and power costs may become a problem when large-scale processing is assumed. There is. Therefore, in producing nitrate nitrogen, which is an inorganic fertilizer component, from organic matter, the development of a method that can significantly increase the reaction rate (efficiently) and can be performed without requiring aeration or constant power. It was sought after.

By the way, in the case of performing hydroponics using a solid medium such as rock wool often used in tomato cultivation ('nutritional culture in solid medium cultivation'), when adding organic fertilizer directly to the nutrient solution, There was a problem that the decomposition of organic matter was not successful and it was spoiled and nitrate nitrogen was hardly generated (for example, see Non-Patent Document 2).
Then, although utilization of the parallel compound mineralization method of patent document 2 was examined, in this case, when the method of adding organic fertilizer directly to a nutrient solution is taken, an organic component will dissolve in the nutrient solution. There is a risk that clogging may occur in the drip tube or the solid medium, and there may be problems such as decay of organic substances that have clogged the solid medium.
Therefore, in order to perform solid medium cultivation using the method described in Patent Document 2, the organic medium must be completely mineralized in advance to obtain an inorganic nutrient solution (a nutrient solution containing as little organic components as possible). It could not be used as a nutrient solution for cultivation.
Therefore, in this case, since the preparatory operation before cultivation is complicated and takes time, development of a technique that enables the use of organic fertilizer in solid medium cultivation has been demanded by a simpler method.
In addition, although the method of fixing microorganisms to a solid culture medium is also conventional (for example, refer patent document 1), these are the processes which a fertilizer component (nitrate nitrogen) is lost with a denitrification reaction, and organic fertilizer is used. It could not be used as a solid medium that can be directly added to perform hydroponics.

JP 2001-300583 A JP 2007-119260 A

“Liquid culture of organic fertilizer” Agriculture and Horticulture, Vol. 81, p. 753-764 (2006) "Nutrient soil culture and liquid fertilizer / medium management" Hirotomo, p.119-155 (2005) “Production of inorganic fertilizer for export from raw garbage and manure” Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Technology, Vol. 31, p. 44-46 (2008)

The present invention solves the above-described conventional problems and provides a method for efficiently generating nitrate nitrogen, which is an inorganic fertilizer component, from organic matter without performing an operation using constant power such as aeration. To do.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a plant-cultivated solid medium, which can be subjected to hydroponics by directly adding organic fertilizers even when hydroponics is carried out in solid medium cultivation. And

The present inventors fixed a microorganism group that performs parallel dual mineralization reaction that mineralizes organic matter to generate nitrate nitrogen on a solid support having air permeability, and serves as a carrier for a catalyst column that performs parallel dual mineralization reaction. By using it; the reaction rate of the parallel compound mineralization reaction can be remarkably improved without performing any operation using constant electric power such as aeration; and nitrate nitrogen, which is an inorganic fertilizer component, is efficiently produced from organic matter. I found that it can be generated well.
In addition, the present inventor can use the solid carrier as a plant culture solid medium to perform hydroponics by directly adding an organic fertilizer even in the case of hydroponics in solid medium culture. I found.
The present invention has been completed based on these findings.

That is, the invention according to [Claim 1] is a microorganism in which a container is filled with the solid support described in (A) below; and a parallel multiple mineralization reaction in which organic substances are mineralized to produce nitrate nitrogen. Then, 0.1 to 20 g (in terms of dry weight) of the organic substance described in (B) below is added to 1 L of the solid carrier, and then the conditions described in (C1) and (C2) below are applied. By standing so as to satisfy; parallel multiple mineralization characterized by immobilizing a group of microorganisms that perform parallel dual mineralization (reactions satisfying the conditions described in (D1) and (D2) below) This is a method for producing a solid carrier on which a group of microorganisms to be reacted is immobilized.
(A) A solid carrier made of a porous material having air permeability.
(B) A high nitrogen-containing organic substance having a C / N ratio of 24 or less, which is the content ratio of carbon and nitrogen, and containing a high amount of protein and / or protein degradation product.
(C1) Conditions for allowing the solid support to stand at 10 to 37 ° C. for 5 days or more so as not to be flooded.
(C2) Conditions for allowing the nitrogen carrier to stand until nitrate nitrogen starts to be generated in the effluent when the solid carrier is washed by adding water and flowing out of the solid carrier.
(D1) A reaction that mineralizes organic matter to produce nitrate nitrogen.Decomposition of organic matter into ammonia nitrogen and nitrification from ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen are carried out continuously in the same reaction system. Reaction.
(D2) In the decomposition of organic matter, the organic nitrogen contained in the organic matter is decomposed into ammonia nitrogen, and the ammonia nitrogen undergoes an oxidation reaction by nitric acid formation to produce nitrate nitrogen.
The invention according to [Claim 2] is the production of a solid carrier according to claim 1, wherein the container is a container having a drain outlet, and the effluent is an effluent that has flowed out of the drain outlet. Is the method.
In addition, the invention according to [Claim 3] is a parallel compound inorganic in which the solid support described in (A) below is integrally molded so that the solid shape is maintained; A microorganism group for performing the oxidization reaction is added; then, an organic substance described in the following (B) is added in an amount of 0.1 to 20 g (in terms of dry weight) to 1 L of the solid support, and then It is characterized by immobilizing a group of microorganisms that perform parallel double mineralization reactions (reactions satisfying the conditions described in (D1) and (D2) below). This is a method for producing a solid support on which a group of microorganisms that carry out parallel double mineralization reaction is immobilized.
(A) A solid carrier made of a porous material having air permeability.
(B) A high nitrogen-containing organic substance having a C / N ratio of 24 or less, which is the content ratio of carbon and nitrogen, and containing a high amount of protein and / or protein degradation product.
(C1) Conditions for allowing the solid support to stand at 10 to 37 ° C. for 5 days or more so as not to be flooded.
(C2) Conditions for allowing the nitrogen carrier to stand until nitrate nitrogen starts to be generated in the effluent when the solid carrier is washed by adding water and flowing out of the solid carrier.
(D1) A reaction that mineralizes organic matter to produce nitrate nitrogen.Decomposition of organic matter into ammonia nitrogen and nitrification from ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen are carried out continuously in the same reaction system. Reaction.
(D2) In the decomposition of organic matter, the organic nitrogen contained in the organic matter is decomposed into ammonia nitrogen, and the ammonia nitrogen undergoes an oxidation reaction by nitric acid formation to produce nitrate nitrogen.
In the invention according to [Claim 4], the organic matter is a group consisting of fish broth, fish meal, oil cake, raw garbage, corn dipping solution, rice bran, soybean meal, plant residue, milk, powdered milk, and livestock dung. 4. The method for producing a solid carrier according to claim 1, wherein the solid carrier is one or more selected from the group consisting of:
The invention according to [Claim 5] is the one according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the standing is performed until nitrate ions of 50 mg / L or more begin to be generated in the effluent. A method for producing a solid support.
The invention according to [Claim 6] is characterized in that the solid carrier is rock wool, vermiculite, pearlite, zeolite, sand, kanuma earth, glass, ceramic, urethane, nylon, melamine resin, wood chip, straw, moss, 6. The method for producing a solid carrier according to claim 1, wherein the solid carrier is one or more porous solid carriers selected from the group consisting of charcoal, cotton, paper, polyacrylamide gel, and agar. .
In the invention according to [Claim 7], when nitrate nitrogen is contained in the solid support immediately after adding the microorganism group, water is added to flow out of the solid support to wash the solid support. 7. The method for producing a solid carrier according to claim 1, wherein nitrate nitrogen is removed.
In the invention according to [Claim 8], the microorganism source containing the microorganism group is a culture solution obtained by culturing the microorganism group performing the parallel dual mineralization reaction, and the microorganism obtained by drying the culture solution. Dry microbial cells, solid carrier to which the microorganism group is immobilized, effluent discharged from the solid carrier by adding water to the solid carrier to which the microorganism group is immobilized, soil, tap water, lake water, spring water 8. The method for producing a solid carrier according to claim 1, wherein the solid carrier is one or more selected from the group consisting of water, well water, river water, and seawater.
The invention according to [Claim 9] is characterized in that the solid support obtained by the method according to any one of Claims 1 to 8 is used as a support for a catalyst column that performs a parallel dual mineralization reaction. This is a method for producing a catalyst column for producing nitrate nitrogen which is an inorganic fertilizer component from organic matter.
In addition, the invention according to [Claim 10] is characterized in that the solid carrier obtained by the method according to any one of Claims 1 to 8 is used as a plant cultivation solid medium. Is the method.

The present invention makes it possible to provide a catalyst column that can remarkably improve the reaction rate of the parallel double mineralization reaction and can efficiently generate nitrate nitrogen, which is an inorganic fertilizer component, from organic matter.
As a result, the present invention efficiently produces fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen, which is an inorganic fertilizer component, from organic materials, without using an organic resource or organic fertilizer as a raw material, and performing operations using constant power such as aeration. Enable.
In addition, the present invention makes it possible to perform hydroponics by directly adding organic fertilizer even when hydroponics is carried out by solid medium cultivation.

It is explanatory drawing which shows one aspect | mode of the method of fix | immobilizing a microorganism group to a solid support | carrier. It is explanatory drawing which shows the one aspect | mode of the bioreactor optimized for the parallel compound mineralization reaction. Photographic image showing a state in which a solid carrier is filled in a container having a drain outlet It is a photograph image figure which shows the state with which various solid support | carriers were filled into the container provided with the drain outlet. 3 is a graph showing measurement results of nitrate ion concentration in Example 1. 6 is a graph showing measurement results of nitrate ion concentration in Example 2. 6 is a graph showing measurement results of nitrate ion concentration in Example 3. 6 is a graph showing measurement results of nitrate ion concentration in Example 3. In Example 4, it is a graph which shows the measurement result of the nitrate ion density | concentration at the time of using a rapeseed oil cake as an organic substance. In Example 4, it is a graph which shows the measurement result of the nitrate ion density | concentration at the time of using corn steep liquor (CSL) as an organic substance. 10 is a graph showing measurement results of nitrate ion concentration in Example 5. 10 is a graph showing measurement results of nitrate ion concentration in Example 6. In Example 7, it is a graph which shows the measurement result of the nitrate ion density | concentration at the time of using seawater and a tap water as a microorganisms source. In Example 7, it is a graph which shows the measurement result of the nitrate ion density | concentration at the time of using soil as a microorganisms source. 10 is a graph showing measurement results of nitrate ion concentration in Example 8. 10 is a graph showing measurement results of nitrate ion concentration in Example 9. FIG. 10 is a photographic image diagram showing various solid carriers in Example 10. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the nitrate ion concentration in Example 10. 10 is a graph showing measurement results of nitrate ion concentration in Example 11. It is a photograph image figure which shows the growth state of the Chingen rhino in Example 12. It is a photograph image figure which shows the growth state of the komatsuna in Example 13. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the nitrate ion concentration in Example 14. 14 is a graph showing measurement results of nitrate ion concentration in Example 15.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a solid support on which a group of microorganisms that perform a parallel double mineralization reaction that mineralizes organic matter to produce nitrate nitrogen is immobilized.
The present invention also relates to a method for producing a catalyst column using the solid support to produce nitrate nitrogen, which is an inorganic fertilizer component, from an organic substance. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing a plant cultivation solid medium, wherein the solid carrier is a plant cultivation solid medium.
In addition, FIG. 1 is explanatory drawing which shows one aspect | mode of the method of fix | immobilizing a microorganism group to a solid support | carrier. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of a catalyst column that generates nitrate nitrogen, which is an inorganic fertilizer component, from an organic substance. FIGS. 3A and 3B are photographic image views showing a state in which a solid carrier is filled in a container having a drain port.

  In the present invention, the production of a solid support on which a microorganism group that performs parallel double mineralization reaction is immobilized is filled with a solid support having air permeability in a container; and the organic substance is mineralized to produce nitrate nitrogen. Adding a group of microorganisms that perform a parallel dual mineralization reaction; then adding an organic substance, and then adding water to flow out of the solid support to wash the solid support into the effluent. Let it stand until nitrate nitrogen begins to be produced.

In the present invention, when a solid support that is integrally formed so as to maintain a solid shape is used, a group of microorganisms that perform a parallel dual mineralization reaction without filling the container with the solid support. It is also possible to produce a solid support on which is immobilized.
That is, to a solid support having air permeability integrally formed so as to maintain a solid shape; adding a group of microorganisms that perform a parallel dual mineralization reaction that mineralizes organic matter to generate nitrate nitrogen; The organic substance is added, and then, when washing the solid support by adding water and allowing it to flow out of the solid support, it is allowed to stand until nitrate nitrogen begins to be generated in the effluent. it can.

The first step in the production of the solid carrier on which the microorganism group performing the parallel dual mineralization reaction of the present invention is immobilized is a step of filling a container with a solid carrier having air permeability (filling step).
It should be noted that the solid carrier is stacked (specifically, a solid carrier having air permeability is stacked on a flat structure such as a pile of fields), and water is directly added to the mountain made of the solid carrier. Then, the microorganism group addition step, which is the next step, can be performed without performing the filling step of filling the container by stacking on a mountain that does not collapse when the operation is performed to flow out.
In addition, when using a solid carrier that is integrally molded so as to maintain the solid shape, the microorganism group addition step, which is the next step, is performed directly without performing the filling step of filling the container. You can also.

In the present invention, any solid carrier can be used as long as it can carry microorganisms, organic components and moisture, has air permeability, and is porous as a solid carrier for immobilizing the microorganism group. Can do. In particular, a material having a large surface area on which microorganisms are immobilized (fixed) with respect to the volume is preferable.
Here, “having air permeability” means that the space between the solid carriers and / or the space in the solid carriers when the solid carriers are packed in a column (column-like container) or stacked and piled up. Alternatively, if the solid support is integrally formed so that the solid shape is maintained, the environment of the voids in the solid support is easily maintained in an aerobic condition so that nitrification can easily proceed, and denitrification It is in a state where a gas phase is secured so that the reaction is difficult to occur.
Hereinafter, the entire environment between the solid carriers and in the solid carriers may be simply expressed as “in the solid carrier” or “the whole solid carrier”.

Specific examples of such solid carriers include rock minerals such as rock wool, vermiculite, pearlite, zeolite, sand, kanuma earth, glass (specifically glass beads), ceramics, urethane, nylon, and melamine. Synthetic resin materials such as resin, polyacrylamide gel, wood chips (specifically cedar chips), straw, moss, charcoal (specifically activated carbon), cotton, paper (specifically filter paper), agar Biological materials such as can be used.
In the present invention, among these materials, it is preferable to use rock wool, vermiculite, pearlite, urethane, cedar chips, straw, moss, and filter paper, and more preferably rock wool and urethane.
In addition, when general soil is used as the solid carrier, the addition of organic matter and water deteriorates the air permeability because microorganisms are easy to overgrow, and a denitrification reaction occurs due to denitrifying bacteria that inhabit the soil. Finally, nitrate nitrogen cannot be obtained, which is not preferable.

In addition, as a solid carrier integrally molded so as to maintain a solid shape, it is molded into a cube shape, a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, a rod shape, etc. What is necessary is just to be integrally formed by giving etc.
Specifically, rock wool, vermiculite, pearlite, zeolite, sand, Kanuma soil, glass (specifically glass beads), urethane, nylon, melamine resin, wood chips (specifically cedar chips) ), Straw, moss, charcoal (specifically activated carbon), cotton, paper (specifically filter paper), polyacrylamide gel, agar, etc., which can be treated as an integral solid carrier, or bonded A material that can be integrally molded can be used. Preferably, rock wool is used.
In addition, the size of the solid carrier integrally molded so as to maintain the solid shape may be anything as long as it has a volume of 10 ml or more, but is not limited thereto.

As the container for filling the solid carrier, any container can be used as long as it is a container that can be filled with the solid carrier, and can discharge water after adding water.
Preferably, the container is provided with a drain outlet and has a structure that allows water to flow out efficiently after adding water (having a structure that can be used as a column after filling the solid carrier). . Specifically, it is possible to use a cup-shaped upper structure, a column-shaped lower structure, or a container having a net-like structure.
In addition, even if the container is not a container having a drain outlet, any container that can perform an operation (decantation) of draining water by performing an operation such as tilting the container should be used. it can.

Filling the container with the solid support is performed by adding gaps between the solid supports and / or in the solid supports (vapor phase) so that the entire structure does not become submerged due to capillary action after water is added and discharged. ) Is ensured. The rising height h (unit m) of the liquid level due to capillary action is given by the following formula (I). Each symbol in formula (I) is T = surface tension (N / m), θ = contact angle, ρ = liquid density (kg / m ³ ), g = gravity acceleration (m / s ² ), r = Inner diameter (radius) (m) of the tube.

When the gap between the solid carriers and / or in the solid carriers is narrowed and h exceeds the solid carrier filling height, all of the carriers are submerged and anaerobic even if the drainage port is opened when water is added. There is a risk that nitrification will not proceed sufficiently.
For this reason, it is desirable that the gaps between and / or within the solid support have a size that h does not exceed the filling height, all of the gaps are narrowed, and h exceeds the filling height of the solid support. It is not preferable.
Most preferably, by making the gaps between and / or within the solid support dense, ensuring air permeability in the coarse portions with large voids, and ensuring water retention in the dense portions with narrow gaps, It is preferable to ensure both air permeability and water retention as the whole carrier.
If the space between the solid carriers and / or in the solid carriers is narrow and h exceeds the filling height of the solid carriers, gas exchange is performed by making the wall surface of the container a breathable material or structure (network). It is necessary to devise measures such as facilitating or increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration of the added water or changing the added water at a high frequency so that the gas is exchanged.

  As a specific embodiment, when the container is filled with the solid carrier, 0.1 to 100,000 ml, preferably 1 to 10000 ml of the solid carrier can be filled. Moreover, as a filling height, the said solid support | carrier can be filled so that it may become a 0.1-100 cm layer.

In the above filling step, after the solid carrier is filled in the container, a step of adding a group of microorganisms for performing a parallel dual mineralization reaction for mineralizing organic matter to generate nitrate nitrogen is performed (microorganism group addition step). .
As described above, when the solid carrier is stacked without being filled in a container, or when the solid carrier is integrally molded so that the solid shape is maintained, the above filling step is performed. In addition, the microorganism group addition step can be directly performed.

In the present invention, the “parallel double mineralization reaction” is a reaction in which an organic substance is mineralized to generate nitrate nitrogen, decomposition of the organic substance into ammonia nitrogen (ammonia formation), and conversion from ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen. The nitrification (nitrification) is performed continuously in the same reaction system.
More specifically, in the decomposition of organic matter, organic nitrogen contained in organic matter is decomposed into ammonia nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen undergoes an oxidation reaction (nitrification reaction) by nitrification to produce nitrate nitrogen. It is.

  In the present invention, nitrate nitrogen produced by mineralizing organic substances is nitrate ions or nitrates, and specifically, nitrate ions are assumed.

The group of microorganisms performing the parallel compound mineralization reaction in the present invention includes a group of microorganisms performing ammonia conversion and a group of microorganisms performing nitrate conversion.
The 'microorganism group performing parallel double mineralization reaction' that can be used in the present invention includes a microorganism group that performs ammonia formation and a microorganism group that performs nitrate formation, and mineralizes the added organic matter to generate nitrate nitrogen. What is necessary is just to include the microbe group required for this.
In addition, as a kind of microorganism group which comprises the said microorganism group, as a microorganism group which performs ammonia formation, there can be mentioned, for example, protozoa, ammonia-forming bacteria such as bacteria and filamentous fungi; As the group (nitrifying bacteria), ammonia oxidizing bacteria (or nitrite producing bacteria) genus Nitrosomonas, Nitorosococcus genus, Nitrosospira genus (including Nitrosolobus genus, Nitrosovibrio genus) nitrite oxidizing bacteria (or nitrate producing bacteria) Nitrobacter genus, Nitrospira genus;

Specifically, the microorganism source to be added in this step includes a culture solution obtained by culturing a group of microorganisms that perform a parallel dual mineralization reaction, a dry cell of the microorganism dried from the culture solution, and the microorganism group fixed. Solidified carrier, effluent discharged from the solid carrier by adding water to the solid carrier on which the microorganism group is immobilized; soil, tap water, lake water, spring water, well water, river water, seawater And those derived from the natural world.
In particular, a culture solution obtained by culturing a group of microorganisms that perform parallel dual mineralization reaction, a dried cell body of the microorganism dried from the culture solution, a solid carrier on which the microorganism group is immobilized, and the microorganism group is immobilized. Using a effluent discharged from the solid support by adding water to the solid support, which contains a sufficient amount of the microbial group constituting the microbial ecosystem necessary for proceeding with the parallel double mineralization reaction. Therefore, the possibility of inducing a denitrification reaction is preferable in that it is small.
The 'solid carrier on which the microorganism group is immobilized' may be any solid carrier on which the microorganism group is immobilized, but is preferably manufactured through the process of the present invention. It is desirable to use

Denitrification reaction is a phenomenon in which nitrate nitrogen is reduced to nitrous oxide gas or nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria, and nitrate nitrogen is lost. It is a reaction that is easily induced when coexisting with nitrate nitrogen.
In the solid carrier of the present invention, organic substances are added before adding water to remove nitrate nitrogen in the carrier, thereby inducing a denitrification reaction in which an organic component and high-concentration nitrate nitrogen coexist. If conditions that are easy to create are created, or the voids between the solid carriers and / or in the solid carriers are narrow, the capillarity causes the water to become submerged and the solid carriers become anaerobic and the denitrifying bacteria are likely to be active. When they are aligned, the denitrification reaction tends to occur.
In the present invention, when a denitrification reaction occurs in the solid carrier, nitrate nitrogen, which is excellent as an inorganic fertilizer component, is lost due to gasification, which is not preferable. For this reason, in the present invention, i) when nitrate nitrogen of high concentration is generated in the solid support, the solid support is washed by adding water and flowing out of the solid support to remove nitrate nitrogen. ii) An organic substance is added after removing nitrate nitrogen by absorbing it as a fertilizer component by a plant or the like. iii) The gap between the solid carriers and / or in the solid carrier becomes too narrow as a whole, and the capillary phenomenon is caused. It is necessary to pay attention to prevent the entire solid carrier from being submerged and becoming anaerobic.

When the microorganism group is to be immobilized in a short period of time, the microorganism source is added to the container filled with the solid support by adding a culture of the microorganism group that performs the parallel dual mineralization reaction. The microorganism source can be added regardless of whether the microorganism source is in a liquid state or a powder state.
The amount of the microorganism source added is not particularly limited, but is 1 to 1000 ml in the culture solution, 1 to 1000 mg in the case of dry cells, and 1 to 1000 mg in the case of the effluent from the solid support. 1 to 1000 ml is desirably added.

In this process, by using a substance containing nitrate nitrogen as the microorganism source (or by using a substance containing nitrate nitrogen in the solid support filled in the previous process), nitrate nitrogen is contained in the solid support. If included, it is preferable to wash the solid support by adding water after the addition of the microorganism source and allowing it to flow out of the solid support.
Here, “the case where nitrate nitrogen is contained in the solid support” means a case where nitrate nitrogen is contained in a concentration and distribution that induces a denitrification reaction when coexisting with an organic substance.
That is, in this step, in the case where nitrate nitrogen is not contained in the solid support at a concentration and distribution that induces a denitrification reaction when coexisting with an organic substance, “Non-contained”.

In addition, as a specific operation of the “washing”, i) in the case where the solid carrier is filled in a “container having a drain port”, after adding water, the effluent from the solid carrier is This is done by draining from the drain.
In addition, ii) in the case where the solid carrier is filled in a “container without a drain port”, after adding water, an operation such as tilting the container is performed to discharge the effluent from the solid carrier ( Decanted).
Iii) In the case where the solid carrier is stacked without being filled in a container, or in the case where the solid carrier is 'integrated so as to maintain the solid shape', water is added. Thereafter, the effluent from the solid carrier is directly discharged.
After the washing, the solid support is in a state in which much nitrate nitrogen is removed, that is, in a state where nitrate nitrogen is not contained in a concentration and distribution that induces a denitrification reaction when coexisting with organic matter. become. Moreover, it will be in the state which excess water also flowed out.

As water used in washing after the addition of the microorganism source, pure water (distilled water, ion exchange water, reverse osmosis membrane water, etc.), well water, river water, lake water, tap water, seawater, and the like can be used. Note that water containing a high concentration of nitrate nitrogen (specifically, 50 mg NO ₃ / ml or more) is not desirable.
The amount of water used for the washing is preferably a sufficient amount of water for rinsing the whole solid carrier, and preferably 100 to 10,000 ml per liter.
By performing this cleaning, nitrate nitrogen can be removed and the concentration of nitrate nitrogen contained in the solid support can be lowered. Therefore, conditions that induce denitrification (coexistence of organic components and high concentration of nitrate nitrogen) ) Does not hold, and the denitrification reaction can be suppressed.
Therefore, when an organic substance is added to the solid support, ammonia conversion reaction and nitric acid conversion reaction can proceed without accumulating intermediate products and denitrification reaction can be prevented.
In addition, after the addition of the microbial source, in the case where the solid support does not contain nitrate nitrogen at a concentration and distribution that induces a denitrification reaction when coexisting with an organic substance, the solid support is not washed. However, since there is no denitrification reaction, it is not necessary to perform cleaning.

After adding the microbial source in the above microbial group addition step; when washing the solid support by adding organic matter, then adding water and flowing out from the solid support, By “standing still” until nitrogen begins to be generated, a step (an immobilization step) is performed to immobilize a group of microorganisms that perform a parallel dual mineralization reaction.
By the immobilization step, it is possible to produce a target solid support on which a target microbial group performing a parallel double mineralization reaction is immobilized.
This step is a step for immobilizing the microorganism group by fixing, acclimatizing, and growing on the solid support.

In the immobilization step, the organic substance is added by directly adding the organic substance to the solid support. Note that the organic substance can be added in a liquid state or a powder state.
As the organic matter, any organic matter such as organic fertilizer, food residue, plant residue, livestock waste, excrement, etc. can be used, but the carbon / nitrogen content ratio is 24 or less. In order to increase the recovery efficiency of nitrate nitrogen, it is desirable to use an organic substance having a high nitrogen content of 19 or less.
As said organic substance, what contains many proteins, protein degradation products, amino acids, etc. is desirable.
Specifically, food residues such as fish broth, corn dip, oil cake, fish meal, soybean meal, yeast cake, sake lees, shochu, rice bran, and raw garbage can be mentioned. These are wastes obtained in the food production process and are desirable in that they do not contain toxic components. Moreover, livestock dung can be mentioned and organic matter containing ammonia nitrogen can also be used. Furthermore, food itself such as soybean powder, dashi stock (high amino acid content), milk, and powdered milk can be used. In addition, plant residues that are plant tissues and organs that cannot be used as edible parts can also be used.
Of these, it is more desirable to use fish broth, fish meal, oil cake, raw garbage, corn soaking solution, rice bran, soybean meal, plant residue, milk, powdered milk and livestock dung.
In addition, specifically, as fish soup, salmon soup can be mentioned. Moreover, examples of the corn soaking liquid include corn steep liquor (CSL: corn soaking liquid which is a by-product during the production of corn starch). Examples of the oil cake include rapeseed oil cake and corn oil cake. In addition, examples of plant residues include foliage and the like generated by leaf removal treatment during cultivation management of tomatoes and the like. Examples of the raw garbage include fish arabic, cooked vegetable scraps, and meat slices. Examples of livestock droppings include cow dung and chicken droppings.
More particularly, it is desirable in that it is easy to permeate into the solid carrier because simmered soup and corn steep liquor are liquid.

As the addition amount of the organic substance, 0.01 to 20 g (in terms of dry weight), preferably 0.1 to 1 g (in terms of dry weight) can be added to 1 L of the solid carrier.
Specifically, when the organic substance is in a liquid state, it is 0.1 to 20 g (liquid weight: (0.07 to 14 g in terms of dry weight)) when boiled soup is used. When used, it is 0.1 to 20 g (liquid weight: (0.05 to 10 g in terms of dry weight)).
In addition, when there is more addition amount of organic substance than the said predetermined amount, it may exceed the organic substance load of the said solid support | carrier, and it is unpreferable. Moreover, when the addition amount of the organic substance is less than the predetermined amount, it is not preferable because the concentration of nitrate nitrogen is lowered for the purpose of recovering nitrate nitrogen as a fertilizer component.

Then, after the addition of organic matter, it is “standing” to establish, acclimatize and grow the microbial population.
The standing temperature is 10 to 42 ° C., preferably 15 to 37 ° C., which is a temperature suitable for the growth of ammonia-forming and nitrifying microorganisms. In addition, when temperature is lower than 10 degreeC, since proliferation of microorganisms is delayed and time is required for fixation, it is unpreferable. Moreover, when temperature is higher than 37 degreeC, a part of microorganisms required to advance parallel double mineralization reaction may die, and it is unpreferable.

The period of "standing" in this step is a period of 'until nitrate nitrogen begins to be generated in the effluent when washing the solid carrier by adding water and flowing out of the solid carrier', that is, , ‘Until it is determined that the microorganism group has been immobilized (by fixing, acclimatizing, and growing) on the solid carrier’.
Specifically, the period of “standing” in this step includes a culture solution obtained by culturing a group of microorganisms that perform a parallel compound mineralization reaction, a dry cell of the microorganism obtained by drying the culture solution, and the microorganism. When water is added to the solid carrier on which the group is immobilized, the solid carrier on which the microorganism group is immobilized, and the effluent discharged from the solid carrier is used as a microorganism source, it is overnight (about 8 to 24). Time) or more, preferably 3 days or more, more preferably 5 days or more, and most preferably 7 days or more.
Further, when a source derived from nature is used as the microorganism source, it takes about 5 days or more, preferably 7 days or more, and more preferably 2 weeks or more to complete the process.
If the period of standing in this step is shorter than the period until nitrate nitrogen begins to be produced, the adaptation of the nitrifying microorganism group (nitrifying bacteria) is not sufficient, and ammonia nitrogen is mainly generated. This is not preferable.

Next, after standing as described above, the solid carrier is “washed” by adding water and allowing it to flow out of the solid carrier.
In addition, as a specific operation of the “washing”, i) in the case where the solid carrier is filled in a “container having a drain port”, after adding water, the effluent from the solid carrier is This is done by draining from the drain.
In addition, ii) in the case where the solid carrier is filled in a “container without a drain port”, after adding water, an operation such as tilting the container is performed to discharge the effluent from the solid carrier ( Decanted).
Iii) In the case where the solid carrier is stacked without being filled in a container, or in the case where the solid carrier is 'integrated so as to maintain the solid shape', water is added. Thereafter, the effluent from the solid carrier is directly discharged.
After the cleaning, excess water also flows out.
In addition, after carrying out the cleaning, the environment in the solid support is aerobic (it may be dry to dry) to suppress the growth of microorganisms (denitrifying bacteria) that perform the denitrification reaction It is suitable for doing.

As water used in the washing after the standing, pure water (distilled water, ion exchange water, reverse osmosis membrane water, etc.), well water, river water, lake water, tap water, seawater, and the like can be used. Note that water containing high-concentration nitrate nitrogen (50 mg NO ₃ / ml or more) is not desirable.
The amount of water used for the washing is preferably 100 to 3000 ml per liter of the solid carrier.
By performing the washing, nitrate nitrogen produced in the solid support can be removed and the concentration of nitrate nitrogen contained in the solid support can be reduced. And the condition of coexistence of high-concentration nitrate nitrogen are not established, and the denitrification reaction can be suppressed.
Therefore, when an organic substance is added to the solid support, the ammonia formation reaction and the nitrification formation reaction can proceed without accumulating intermediate products, and the denitrification reaction can be suppressed.

Whether the microorganism group has been immobilized (by fixing, acclimatizing, or growing) on the solid support can be determined by measuring the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the effluent during the washing. .
That is, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the effluent is measured, and when it is recognized that 'organic substances are mineralized in the effluent and nitrate nitrogen is starting to be produced', Can be determined to be 'fixed'.
Further, preferably, when formation of nitrate ions of 50 mg NO ₃ / L or more, more preferably 200 mg NO ₃ / L or more is observed in the effluent, the microorganism group is 'sufficiently' on the solid support. It can be determined that it is fixed.
As described above, when it is determined that the microorganism group is immobilized on the solid support, the reaction rate of the parallel double mineralization reaction in the solid support (particularly the nitrification ability) is remarkably improved. Therefore, when the added organic matter is quickly decomposed and nitrate nitrogen begins to be produced, the organic component that is the energy source of the microorganism group (denitrifying bacteria) that performs the denitrification reaction is lost, and the solid carrier Inside, it becomes an environment where denitrification reaction hardly occurs.

In addition, when it is not recognized that the microorganism group is immobilized on the solid support (or “sufficiently”), “add the organic substance and then leave it to stand and add water, The “treatment of washing the solid carrier by flowing it out of the solid carrier” is repeated until the above criteria are satisfied.
That is, when nitrate nitrogen has not begun to be generated in the effluent that flows out when the solid carrier is washed, nitrate nitrogen is generated in the effluent that flows out during the cleaning. Repeat until you get started.

As described above, in the present immobilization step, after adding the microbial source in the microbial group addition step, (1) 'addition of organic matter, and then water is added to flow out of the solid support to cause the solids to flow out. When the carrier is washed, it is performed by “standing” until nitrate nitrogen begins to be generated in the effluent, but it is not recognized that the microorganism group is immobilized on the solid carrier. (2) The process of 'washing the solid support by adding the organic substance, allowing it to stand still, adding water and letting it flow out of the solid support' is applied to the effluent discharged during the cleaning. This is done by “repeating” until nitrate nitrogen begins to be produced.
That is, this immobilization step can be performed by combining the operation (1) with the operation (2).
In addition, in the operation of (1), when the standing time is long as in the predetermined period described above, the process can be completed only by performing one washing after the addition of the organic matter. It becomes possible.

In this step, in order to monitor the production state of nitrate nitrogen contained in the effluent that flows out during the washing, it is preferable to confirm whether the microorganism group is immobilized on the solid support. Therefore, the “repeat” operation as shown in (2) may be performed.
Specifically, when performing the “repeat” operation as in (2), it is possible to grasp the production of nitrate nitrogen in detail by repeating it once every 1 to 7 days, more preferably every day. it can.
In addition, it is preferable that the repetitive operation of (2) is performed as few times as possible in order to suppress the growth of the microorganism group (denitrifying bacteria) that performs the denitrification reaction. When the “repeat” operation as in (2) is frequently performed, the number of washings increases, so that the moisture in the solid carrier increases and an anaerobic condition is easily established. Therefore, the activity of the microorganism group that performs nitrification (nitrifying bacteria) is suppressed, and the microorganism group that performs the denitrification reaction (denitrifying bacteria) is likely to be propagated.

The period required to complete all the steps described above, in other words, the period required for the microbial group to be immobilized on the solid support or to be recognized as being “sufficiently” immobilized, A culture solution obtained by culturing a group of microorganisms for reaction, a dried microbial cell obtained by drying the culture solution, a solid carrier on which the microorganism group is immobilized, and a solid carrier on which the microorganism group is immobilized When water is added and the effluent discharged from the solid carrier is used as a microorganism source, it is overnight (about 8 to 24 hours) or longer, preferably 3 days or longer, more preferably 5 days or longer, most preferably It takes more than 7 days.
Further, when a source derived from nature is used as the microorganism source, it takes about 5 days or more, preferably 7 days or more, and more preferably 2 weeks or more to complete the process.
In this way, it is possible to produce a solid support on which a group of microorganisms that perform a parallel double mineralization reaction is immobilized.

Through the above steps, the solid carrier to which the microorganism group performing the parallel dual mineralization reaction is fixed (by fixing, acclimatizing, and growing) generates nitrate nitrogen which is an inorganic fertilizer component from organic matter. Can be used as a support for a catalyst column.
In addition, when the said process is performed using the container provided with the said drain outlet, it can be used as a catalyst column with the state with which the container provided with the said drain outlet was filled.
Further, the solid carrier on which the microorganism group is immobilized can be used in a new container.
In addition, even when the filling step is not performed using the solid support integrally molded so that the solid shape is maintained, the solid support on which the obtained microorganism group is immobilized is necessary. Accordingly, it can be used as a catalyst column by cutting, pulverizing and filling a new container.

As the catalyst column of the present invention, when the organic matter to be decomposed is 1 g per day, it is sufficient if it is packed with a solid support on which 100 ml or more of the microorganism group is immobilized.
In addition, the catalyst column of the present invention is packed so that a part of the gaps between the carriers or in the carrier is larger than a certain level and both air permeability and water retention are ensured so that the solid carrier functions as a column carrier. Is.
That is, the height of the liquid level h (unit m) due to capillary action (calculated by the above formula (I)) does not exceed the filling height of the solid carrier (the inner diameter of the pipe ( (Radius) (corresponding to r which is (m)) is filled so as to be partially secured. Further, at the time of filling, the solid carrier may be filled so as to be uniform, but it is more preferable that the solid support is filled so as to be dense.
If all the gaps between the carriers or in the carriers are small, and the rising height h of the liquid level due to the capillary phenomenon exceeds the packed height of the carriers, the solution becomes liquid when water is added to the catalyst column. This is undesirable because it becomes anaerobic and tends to induce a denitrification reaction.

By using the catalyst column of the present invention, a fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen which is an inorganic fertilizer component generated from an organic substance can be obtained.
As a fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen which is the inorganic fertilizer component, a fertilizer containing nitrate ions of 50 mg NO ₃ / L or more, preferably 200 mg NO ₃ / L or more, out of the effluent from the catalyst column It is.
In addition, when the catalyst column of the present invention is used, the daily production amount of nitrate nitrogen, which is an inorganic fertilizer component, from organic matter is about 270 mg NO ₃ or more in terms of nitrogen with respect to 1 L of the solid support. Nitrate nitrogen of 60 mgN or more is produced.
In addition, even when the solid support integrally molded so that the solid shape in which the microorganisms are immobilized is maintained is not filled in a container, water is directly added to the solid support from the solid support. By collecting the effluent that has flowed out, it is possible to obtain a fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen, which is an inorganic fertilizer component.

Using the catalyst column of the present invention, the amount of the organic matter added when producing a fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen, which is an inorganic fertilizer component, is as follows: 0.01 to 20 g (in terms of dry weight), preferably 0.1 to 1 g (in terms of dry weight) can be added. Specifically, when the organic substance is in a liquid state, it is 0.1 to 20 g (liquid weight: (0.07 to 14 g in terms of dry weight)) when boiled soup is used. When used, it is 0.1 to 20 g (liquid weight: (0.05 to 10 g in terms of dry weight)).
In addition, when there is more addition amount of organic substance than the said predetermined amount, the reaction of nitrification cannot catch up and the density | concentration of the ammonia nitrogen of the said effluent rises and is unpreferable. However, there is no problem when the purpose is to produce a fertilizer having a high ammonia content (eg, fertilizer for soil cultivation).

The fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen, which is the inorganic fertilizer component, can be used as a fertilizer for the cultivation of all plants such as vegetables, fruits, flower buds, trees, foliage plants.
In particular, it can be suitably used for cultivation of leafy vegetables such as Chingsaisai, Komatsuna, lettuce, spinach, etc .; tomatoes, etc., fruit vegetables for harvesting fruits; More particularly, it can be suitably used for cultivation of leafy vegetables such as Chingensai and Komatsuna.
In addition, the fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen which is the said inorganic fertilizer component is a plant generally performed such as hydroponics in hydroponics, hydroponics in solid culture, and cultivation using ordinary soil. It can also be used in the cultivation of.

As described above, the catalyst column of the present invention can remarkably improve the reaction rate of the parallel double mineralization reaction, and can efficiently generate nitrate nitrogen, which is an inorganic fertilizer component, from organic matter.
This is because a high catalyst surface area and high aerobic reaction conditions can be ensured, unlike the parallel double mineralization reaction performed in water in the conventional method. That is, the surface area for catalyzing the reaction is increased by using a solid support in which microorganisms are fixed at a high density, and water retention is ensured by a narrow gap in the support (due to capillary action: constant water retention contributes to the growth of microorganisms. This is because, by ensuring air permeability with a large gap at the same time (aerobic reaction conditions), microorganisms that catalyze the parallel double mineralization reaction can be activated and the denitrification reaction can be suppressed.
Furthermore, by using the catalyst column of the present invention, fertilizer containing nitrate nitrogen, which is an inorganic fertilizer component, can be produced from organic matter without performing aeration and operation using constant power (in an energy saving manner). Enable.
This is particularly advantageous when performing large-scale production. As a result, in the treatment of organic waste, which has been costly so far and has not been able to produce valuable things, while keeping operating costs and installation costs low, fertilizers containing organic resources and organic materials are used as raw materials, and inorganic waste It becomes possible to produce, manufacture and sell fertilizers containing nitrate nitrogen, which is a fertilizer component. This will be a breakthrough technology in the waste treatment industry that has not been profitable.

Furthermore, in the present invention, by passing through the above steps, the solid carrier on which the group of microorganisms that perform the parallel dual mineralization reaction is fixed (by fixing, acclimatizing, and growing) is directly treated with organic fertilizer. It can be used as a plant cultivation solid medium 'that can be added to perform hydroponics.
That is, by using the plant-cultivated solid medium, it becomes possible to carry out hydroponics by directly adding organic fertilizers even in solid medium cultivation.
In addition, the hydroponic cultivation in the solid medium cultivation can be performed by repeating the operation of directly adding the organic fertilizer to the solid medium after irrigation.

The organic fertilizer is added by adding it directly to the plant cultivation solid medium. In addition, the fertilizer containing the said organic substance can be added even if it is a liquid state and a powder state.
As the organic fertilizer that can be directly added and used when hydroponics using the plant cultivation solid medium, the organic substances described above can be used as the fertilizer, but preferably, the addition operation is automated. Easy liquid organic fertilizers, that is, fish broth and corn steep liquor, or suspensions and rots obtained by finely pulverizing solid organic matter can be used.
Moreover, organic fertilizer is added by directly adding to the plant cultivation solid medium. In addition, the fertilizer containing the said organic substance can be added even if it is a liquid state and a powder state.

As the addition amount of the organic fertilizer, 0.01 to 20 g (in terms of dry weight), preferably 0.1 to 1 g (in terms of dry weight) is added to 1 L of the solid carrier on which the microorganism is immobilized. be able to. Specifically, when the organic fertilizer is in a liquid state, it is 0.1 to 20 g (liquid weight: (0.07 to 14 g in terms of dry weight)) when boiled soup is used, and corn steep liquor Is 0.1 to 20 g (liquid weight: (0.05 to 10 g in terms of dry weight)).
In addition, when there is more addition amount of organic fertilizer than the said predetermined amount, the reaction of nitrification cannot catch up and the density | concentration of the ammonia nitrogen of the said effluent rises and is unpreferable. However, there is no problem as long as it does not cause growth failure during cultivation.

  In addition, when using the solid carrier on which the microorganism group is immobilized as the plant cultivation solid medium, as the solid carrier, all the solid carrier materials described above can be used, preferably rock wool, It is particularly preferred to use vermiculite, pearlite, Kanuma soil, urethane, more preferably rock wool.

In the hydroponics using the plant cultivation solid medium and directly adding a fertilizer containing organic matter, it can be used for cultivation of all kinds of plants such as vegetables, fruits, flower buds, trees, fruit trees, ornamental plants.
Especially for cultivation of plants, leafy vegetables such as Chingensai, Komatsuna, lettuce, herbs, etc .; fruits and vegetables for harvesting tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, melons, watermelons, strawberries, etc .; It can be used suitably. Further, it can be suitably used for cultivation of leaf vegetables such as Chingensai and Komatsuna.

Furthermore, in the present invention, the solid carrier obtained by passing through the above-described steps and carrying out the parallel double mineralization reaction is fixed (by fixing, acclimatizing, and proliferating). It can be used as a microbial material to be catalyzed (a microbial source).
Specifically, it can be used as a “microbe source” of the microorganism group of the parallel double mineralization reaction added in the filling step in the present invention. Furthermore, it can be used as “inoculum of microbial group optimized for parallel double mineralization reaction” in water.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited by these Examples.

Example 1 (Examination of material for solid carrier 1)
Various solid carrier materials (rockwool granular cotton (Grodan), vermiculite (BS Light Co., Ltd.), perlite (Komeri), Kanuma soil (Setogahara Hanabi), urethane (Wako Co., Ltd.) ) To fix a group of microorganisms that perform parallel dual mineralization reaction, and examined whether mineral nitrogen can be generated by mineralizing organic matter.
First, 10L of water is put into a Wagner pot (manufactured by Fujiwara Seisakusho), 80g of bark compost (manufactured by Shimizu Port Wood Industry Cooperative), and 8g of salmon soup (byproduct of Sakai-bushi factory, manufactured by Makurazaki Fishery Co., Ltd.) At the same time), the mixture was aerated with an air pump to cultivate a group of microorganisms that perform parallel double mineralization reaction.
Next, cut the bottom of the 500 ml PET bottle to obtain the upper half side, and turn it upside down with the lid open to prepare a container with the PET bottle lid serving as a drain. And 100 ml of the above various solid carriers. FIG. 4 is a photographic image showing a state in which various solid carriers are filled in a container having a drain outlet.
Next, after adding and inoculating 200 ml of a culture solution in which a group of microorganisms performing the parallel dual mineralization reaction is added as a microorganism source, 100 ml of distilled pure water is added and allowed to flow out from the drainage port, so that the various solids described above are added. The carrier was washed.
Thereafter, 0.1 g (liquid weight) of boiled sardine broth was added as an organic substance, left standing overnight at room temperature (about 25 ° C.), and then washed with 100 ml of distilled pure water. Repeat until At the time of washing, the effluent after washing was collected and the nitrate ion concentration was measured.
The nitrate ion concentration was measured by measuring with RQ-flex (manufactured by Merck) using a reflectquant nitric acid test paper (manufactured by Merck). (Hereinafter, in this example, the nitrate ion concentration was measured by the same method.)
Moreover, what did not add the said microorganisms source to the container filled with said various solid support | carrier was set as the control experiment (control). The results are shown in FIG.

As a result, the formation of nitrate ions from the effluent was observed in any material of the various solid carriers described above. That is, it was shown that the microorganism group was immobilized on any material of the above-mentioned various solid supports and catalyzed a parallel double mineralization reaction. In the control experiment in which the microbial source was not added, the production of nitrate ions was not observed.
In addition, all of the materials for the above-described various solid carriers are porous materials having air permeability.

Moreover, in detail about the result of FIG. 5, it was shown that 30 mg / L or more nitrate ion is produced | generated by the effluent after 2-12 days after the addition of the said microbial source.
Furthermore, when using the above various solid carriers other than Kanuma soil, that is, urethane, rock wool, pearlite, vermiculite, about 50 mg / L or more in the effluent after 6 to 7 days from the addition of the microorganism source, Particularly, it was shown that nitrate ions of about 70 mg / L or more were produced, and more particularly, when urethane or rock wool was used, nitrate ions of about 200 mg / L or more were produced.
These results indicate that these materials are materials that are particularly breathable and difficult to denitrify, and that have a large surface area per volume and can immobilize a large number of the above-mentioned microbial populations. This is probably because the parallel double mineralization reaction proceeds.

Therefore, it was shown that a catalyst column that produces nitrate nitrogen, which is an inorganic fertilizer component, can be produced from the added organic matter using any material of the above-described various solid carriers.

Example 2 (inoculation of dry cells)
As a microbial source of a group of microorganisms that perform a parallel dual mineralization reaction, it was verified whether it can be used in a dry cell state (not a liquid).
The supernatant of the culture solution after the parallel dual mineralization reaction described in Example 1 is discarded, and the biofilm (microorganism community structure) formed on the wall surface is air-dried and dried to obtain dry cells of the microorganism group It was.
Next, cut the bottom of the 500 ml PET bottle to obtain the upper half side, and turn it upside down with the lid open to prepare a container with the PET bottle lid serving as a drain. 20 g of rock wool granular cotton (volume 100 ml) was filled.
To this, 10 mg of dry microbial cells of the microorganism group was added as a microorganism source and inoculated, and then 100 ml of distilled pure water was added to flow out of the drain port to wash the rock wool granular cotton.
Thereafter, 0.1 g (liquid weight) of boiled sardine broth was added as an organic substance, allowed to stand at 37 ° C. overnight, and then washed with 100 ml of distilled pure water until 2 days passed.
Then, without adding the boiled simmered juice and washing treatment, it was allowed to stand at 37 ° C. until 22 days passed (24 days after the addition of the microorganism source), and then washed with 100 ml of distilled pure water. did. At the time of washing, the effluent after washing was collected and the nitrate ion concentration was measured. The results are shown in FIG.

As a result, it was shown that the microorganism group was immobilized on the rock wool granular cotton and catalyzed a parallel dual mineralization reaction even when inoculated with a microorganism source in the form of dry cells.
From this result, it was found that the microorganism source to be inoculated may be in the form of dry cells.

Example 3 (Examination of material for solid carrier 2)
In addition to the above-mentioned solid carrier materials, 15 types of solid carrier materials (5 g of straw (manufactured by Fujiwara Chemical Co., Ltd.), 2 g of moss (manufactured by Komeri Co., Ltd.), 10 g of cedar chips (manufactured by Miura Corporation), activated carbon (Manufactured by Jex Corporation) 80 g, bamboo charcoal (manufactured by Sudo Corporation) 20 g, cotton (manufactured by Aisen Kogyo Co., Ltd.) 10 g, filter paper (manufactured by Advantech Toyo) 10 g, 1.25% polyacrylamide gel (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) 100 g, 1.6% agar (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) 100 g, zeolite (manufactured by Takamura Co., Ltd.) 50 g, sand (manufactured by Sudo Co., Ltd.) 50 g, ceramic (manufactured by Sudo Co., Ltd.) 50 g, glass beads (manufactured by Sudo Co., Ltd.) 60 g, Nylon (made by Komeri Co., Ltd.) 6.3 g and melamine resin (made by Komeri Co., Ltd. 1 g)) An investigation was made as to whether nitrate nitrogen can be produced by immobilizing and mineralizing organic matter.
Cut the bottom of the 500ml PET bottle to obtain the upper half side, and turn it upside down with the lid open, to prepare a container with the PET bottle lid as a drain outlet. Various solid carriers were filled in the above weight (amount corresponding to 20 to 100 ml).
To this, 10 mg of dry microbial cells of the microorganism group performing the parallel dual mineralization reaction used in Example 2 was added as a microbial source and inoculated, and then 100 ml of distilled pure water was added and allowed to flow out from the drain. The various solid carriers described above were washed.
Thereafter, as an organic matter, 0.1 g (liquid weight) of boiled sardine broth is added, and after standing overnight at 37 ° C., the washing process with 100 ml of distilled pure water passes the number of days shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. Repeat until. At the time of washing, the effluent after washing was collected and the nitrate ion concentration was measured.

As a result, the formation of nitrate ions from the effluent was observed in any of the 15 types of solid carriers. That is, it was shown that the microorganism group was immobilized on any material of the above-mentioned various solid supports and catalyzed a parallel double mineralization reaction.
Of these, in particular, when nylon, moss, filter paper, cedar chips, sand, ceramic, and zeolite are used, about 40 mg / L or more of nitric acid is added to the effluent after 8 days from the addition of the microorganism source. It was shown that ions were generated, and more particularly, about 50 mg / L or more (particularly about 60 mg / L or more) of nitrate ions was generated when nylon, moss, filter paper, or cedar chips were used.
From this result, it became clear that naturally-occurring organic resins and chemical resins, minerals such as glass and sand, ceramics, and the like can be used as the solid carrier material.

Example 4 (Examination of types of various organic substances 1)
Even when the other organic matter of the simmered soup used in Example 1 was used as the organic matter, it was examined whether nitrate nitrogen could be generated by mineralizing the organic matter by a parallel double mineralization reaction.
Cut the bottom of the 500ml PET bottle to obtain the upper half, and turn it upside down with the lid open, to prepare a container with the PET bottle lid serving as a drain, and to this container 70g vermiculite (Volume 250 ml) was charged.
By adding 500 ml of the culture solution in which the microorganism group performing the parallel dual mineralization reaction used in Example 1 was cultured as a microorganism source and inoculating it, 250 ml of distilled pure water was added and allowed to flow out from the drainage port. The vermiculite was washed.
Thereafter, 0.2 g of rapeseed oil cake or 0.2 g (liquid weight) of corn steep liquor (CSL: corn steep liquor when producing corn starch) is added as an organic substance, and it is allowed to stand overnight at room temperature (about 25 ° C.). Then, the washing with 250 ml of distilled pure water was repeated until the number of days shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10 passed. At the time of washing, the effluent after washing was collected and the nitrate ion concentration was measured.
Moreover, what did not add the said microbial source to the container filled with said vermiculite was made into control experiment (control). The result of adding rapeseed oil cake is shown in FIG. 9, and the result of adding CSL is shown in FIG.

As a result, even when either rapeseed oil cake or CSL was used as the organic substance, generation of nitrate ions was observed from the effluent. That is, it was shown that the microorganism group was immobilized on the vermiculite to catalyze a parallel double mineralization reaction. In the control experiment in which the microbial source was not added, the production of nitrate ions was not observed.
In particular, when the addition of the liquid containing CSL was continued, it was shown that nitrate ions having a stable concentration were generated every day after 6 days from the addition of the microorganism source. The conversion efficiency of organic nitrogen contained in this CSL to nitrate nitrogen was 98.6%, which was found to be extremely high conversion efficiency.
Therefore, it was shown that when CSL is added as an organic substance, an effluent containing a particularly high concentration of nitrate nitrogen can be recovered.

Example 5 (Examination of types of organic substances 2)
Furthermore, even when organic substances other than those described above were used, it was examined whether nitrate nitrogen could be generated by mineralizing organic substances by a parallel double mineralization reaction.
Cut the bottom of the 500ml PET bottle to obtain the upper half, and turn it upside down with the lid open. 10 g of cotton (volume 50 ml) was filled.
After adding and inoculating 10 mg of dry microbial cells of the microorganism group used in Example 2 as the microbial source, inoculated with 100 ml of distilled pure water and letting it flow out from the drain outlet. Wool granular cotton was washed.
Thereafter, 0.1 g of fish meal (manufactured by Tosho), corn oil cake (manufactured by Tosho), or food residue (raw garbage, nitrogen content 6%) was added as an organic substance, and the mixture was allowed to stand overnight at 37 ° C. The process of washing with 100 ml of pure water was repeated until the number of days shown in FIG. At the time of washing, the effluent after washing was collected and the nitrate ion concentration was measured. The results are shown in FIG.

As a result, even when fish meal (manufactured by Tosho), corn oil trough (manufactured by Tosho), or food residue is used as organic matter, nitrate ions are produced from the effluent, and the effluent containing nitrate nitrogen is recovered. It was shown that it can do.

Example 6 (Examination of type of organic substance 3)
Furthermore, even when organic substances other than those described above were used, it was examined whether nitrate nitrogen could be generated by mineralizing organic substances by a parallel double mineralization reaction.
Cut the bottom of the 500ml PET bottle to obtain the upper half, and turn it upside down with the lid open. 10 g of cotton (volume 50 ml) was filled.
After adding and inoculating 10 mg of dry microbial cells of the microorganism group used in Example 2 as the microbial source, inoculated with 100 ml of distilled pure water and letting it flow out from the drain outlet. Wool granular cotton was washed.
Since then, rice bran (manufactured by Tsukemoto Co., Ltd.), milk powder (manufactured by Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd.), dashi-no-moto (manufactured by Shimaya Co., Ltd.), soy flour (manufactured by Safetech International Co., Ltd.), milk (Ouchiyama) Dairy Agricultural Cooperative Association), plant foliage (tomato plant buds), cow dung (manufactured by Tosho Co., Ltd.), or chicken manure (manufactured by Tosho Co., Ltd.) 0.1 g (in the case of milk, liquid weight), The treatment of standing overnight at room temperature (about 25 ° C.) and then washing with 100 ml of distilled pure water was repeated until the number of days shown in FIG. 12 passed. At the time of washing, the effluent after washing was collected and the nitrate ion concentration was measured.

As a result, even when any of the above organic substances was used, production of nitrate ions was observed from the effluent, indicating that the effluent containing nitrate nitrogen can be recovered.
Of these, rice bran has a high C / N ratio (content ratio of nitrogen to carbon) of 18.1, and is an organic resource that could not recover nitrate nitrogen by the conventional parallel double mineralization reaction in water. However, it was clarified that by adding to the column, it was mineralized and nitrate nitrogen could be generated.
The main reason for this is considered that the reaction rate of the parallel double mineralization reaction in the solid support is significantly improved as compared with the conventional parallel double mineralization reaction in water. That is, the inside of the solid support is highly air permeable and aerobic conditions are always maintained, and since the surface area on which the microorganism group that catalyzes the reaction is immobilized is large, the reaction rate for decomposing and nitrifying organic components is remarkable. It is thought to improve. In addition, ammonia is more easily diffused by the moisture supported on the carrier than the organic component is less likely to diffuse in the solid carrier, resulting in a microscopically low C / N ratio. Is considered.

Example 7 (Use of a microbial source derived from nature)
We examined whether microorganisms derived from nature contained in soil, seawater, tap water, etc. can be used as an inoculation source of microorganisms immobilized on a solid carrier.
Cut the bottom of the 500ml PET bottle to obtain the upper half, and turn it upside down with the lid open. 10 g of cotton (volume 50 ml) was filled.
After adding 100 ml of seawater, 100 ml of tap water or 1 g of soil as a microbial source and inoculating it, 100 ml of distilled pure water was added and allowed to flow out of the drainage port to wash the rock wool granular cotton.
Thereafter, 100 mg of boiled simmered soup is added as an organic substance, and after being allowed to stand overnight at room temperature (about 25 ° C.), the treatment described in FIG. 13 or FIG. Repeat until. At the time of washing, the effluent after washing was collected and the nitrate ion concentration was measured.
Moreover, what added distilled pure water instead of the said microbial source to the container filled with said rock wool granular cotton was made into the control experiment (control). The result of inoculating seawater or tap water as a microbial source is shown in FIG. 13, and the result of inoculating soil as a microbial source is shown in FIG.

As a result, when any of seawater, tap water, and soil was added and inoculated as a microorganism source, production of nitrate ions was observed from the effluent. That is, it was shown that the microorganism group derived from the natural world was immobilized on the rock wool granular cotton and catalyzed a parallel double mineralization reaction. In the control experiment in which distilled pure water was added instead of the microorganism source, the production of nitrate ions was not observed.
From these results, it was found that microorganisms that perform parallel dual mineralization can be immobilized on a solid carrier by using naturally occurring microorganism groups contained in soil, seawater and tap water as inoculation sources.
However, it was shown that immobilization of microorganisms contained in seawater and tap water tends to take longer than the case of using the culture solution of the microorganism group prepared in Example 1. When soil was used as the inoculum, it was found that immobilization was possible relatively quickly.

Example 8 (Utilization of column effluent as microbial source)
Using the effluent from the solid support on which the microorganisms that already catalyze the parallel dual mineralization reaction are immobilized (the effluent from the catalyst column packed with the solid support on which the microorganisms are immobilized) as a microorganism source Then, an experiment of immobilizing on another solid support was performed.
Cut the bottom of the 500ml PET bottle to obtain the upper half, and turn it upside down with the lid open. 20 g of cotton (volume 100 ml) was filled.
100 ml of the effluent from the catalyst column filled with the rock wool granular cotton described in Example 1 was added and inoculated as a microbial source, and then 100 ml of distilled pure water was added and the effluent was discharged from the drain port. The granular cotton was washed.
Thereafter, 0.1 g (liquid weight) of boiled sardine broth was added as an organic substance, left standing overnight at room temperature (about 25 ° C.), and then washed with 100 ml of distilled pure water. Repeat until At the time of washing, the effluent after washing was collected and the nitrate ion concentration was measured.
Moreover, what did not add a microbial source to the container filled with said rock wool granular cotton was made into control experiment (control). The results are shown in FIG.

As a result, when the effluent from the catalyst column filled with the rock wool granular cotton in which the microbial group described in Example 1 is immobilized is added as a microbial source, the effluent from the drain outlet is generated. The concentration of nitrate ions showed a high value of about 220 mg / L after the elapse of 7 days, and the group of microorganisms performing a parallel double mineralization reaction equivalent to the case where the culture solution shown in Examples 1 and 2 was used as a microorganism source. It was found that the immobilization of can be performed quickly.
In the control experiment in which the microbial source was not added, the production of nitrate ions was not observed.
From this experimental result, it was found that the effluent from the catalyst column using the already immobilized solid support can be used as a microbial source for another solid support.

Example 9 (Examination of immobilization without container 1)
Examination of whether the microorganism group can be directly immobilized on a solid support integrally formed so as to maintain a solid shape without using the above column method (a method of filling a solid support in a container having a drain port). Went.
First, Komatsuna is cultivated by hydroponics hydroponic culture using the culture solution after the parallel dual mineralization reaction described in Example 1, and after the cultivation, 'the culture solution of the microorganism not containing nitrate nitrogen' Got.
Next, 500 ml of distilled pure water is directly added to the rock wool cube (Grodan, 100 × 100 × 100 mm: volume 1 L) integrally molded so that the solid shape is maintained, and excess water is added to the rock wool cube. The rock wool cube was washed by allowing it to flow out.
To this, 500 ml of the culture solution containing no nitrate nitrogen was added as a microorganism source and inoculated. In addition, after the addition of the microorganism source, the rock wool cube was not washed with distilled pure water.
Thereafter, 0.5 g of boiled sardine broth was added as an organic substance and allowed to stand at room temperature (about 25 ° C.) until “6 days had passed”, and then washed with 500 ml of distilled pure water. The liquid flowing out from the rock wool cube was collected, and the nitrate ion concentration was measured. The results are shown in FIG.

As a result, even when rock wool (solid carrier) integrally formed so as to maintain a solid shape is used without using the above column method (a method of filling a solid carrier in a container having a drain port) It was shown that about 50 mg / L of nitrate ions was produced 6 days after the addition of the microbial source.
In other words, if the solid support itself has a porous structure that supports microorganisms, organic matter, and moisture, the solid support is integrally formed so that the solid shape is maintained, so that the microorganism can be immobilized without filling the container as it is. It was shown that the process can be performed.

In addition, when a microorganism source that does not contain nitrate ions is used, the microorganism group is immobilized on the solid support to catalyze the parallel dual mineralization reaction without washing the solid support (rock wool cube) with water after inoculation. It was shown that. From this, it was found that the operation of washing with water after adding the microorganism source can be omitted when the microorganism source not containing nitrate ions is used.
In this case, the operation of standing and washing with water after addition of the organic substance does not have to be repeated. Even if the organic substance is added and allowed to stand for several days, the microorganisms acclimatize and proliferate, and the solid support is obtained. It was shown that immobilization can proceed.
This result is considered to be because the nitrate nitrogen concentration in the solid support is low at the time when the organic substance is added, and the denitrification reaction is hardly induced.

Example 10 (Examination of immobilization without container 2)
Further examination was conducted on the solid support integrally formed so as to maintain the solid shape without using the above column method (a method of filling a solid support in a container having a drain port).
First, rock wool cube (Grodan, 100 × 100 × 100 mm: volume 1 L), cotton (Aisen Kogyo Co., Ltd., 20 g: volume 100 mL), melamine resin (stock) (Commercial company Komeri, 2 g: volume 50 mL) was prepared. In addition, about cotton and the melamine resin, it was made the state suspended with the thread | yarn (a photographic image is shown in FIG. 17).
To this, 10 mg of dried cells of the microorganism group used in Example 2 for performing the parallel dual mineralization reaction was added and inoculated as a microorganism source. In this example, since the added amount of the added microbial source itself was very small (that is, the amount of nitrate nitrogen contained in the microbial source was also very small), after the addition of the microbial source, The solid carrier was not washed with distilled pure water.
Thereafter, the process of adding 0.1 g of simmered broth as an organic substance, allowing it to stand at 37 ° C. overnight, and then washing with 100 ml of distilled pure water was repeated until the number of days shown in FIG. 18 passed. At the time of washing, the effluent after washing was collected and the nitrate ion concentration was measured. The results are shown in FIG.

As a result, even when cotton or melamine resin other than rock wool is integrally molded so that the solid shape is maintained, the formation of nitrate ions is observed 6 days after the addition of the microorganism source. It was shown that.
That is, even if the container is not filled with a solid carrier such as a resin, the microorganism group can be immobilized without any problem if it is integrally molded so that the solid shape is maintained. It was done.
Of these, when rock wool is used, it is shown that nitrate ions having a concentration of about 240 mg / L are produced in the effluent 8 days after the addition of the microorganism source, and in particular the microorganism group is fixed. It was shown to be suitable as a material for the solid carrier to be converted. This is presumably because rock wool is an excellent material in terms of air permeability and surface area on which microbial substances are immobilized.

Example 11 (Fixation of microorganism group by decantation)
In addition to the above-described column method (a method of filling a container having a drain outlet with a solid support), whether or not the microorganism group can be immobilized on a solid support was also examined when washing was performed by decantation.
In a plastic cup (200 ml capacity), 10 g (volume 50 ml) of rock wool granular cotton was placed. To this, 10 mg of dried cells of the microorganism group used in Example 2 for performing the parallel dual mineralization reaction was added and inoculated as a microorganism source. In this example, since the added amount of the added microbial source itself was very small (that is, the amount of nitrate nitrogen contained in the microbial source was also very small), after the addition of the microbial source, The solid carrier was not washed with distilled pure water.
Thereafter, 0.1 g of boiled simmered soup is added as an organic substance, and the mixture is allowed to stand overnight at 37 ° C., then 100 ml of distilled pure water is added, and the mixture is allowed to stand for several minutes. The process of flowing out (cleaning process by decantation) was repeated until the number of days shown in FIG. 19 passed. At the time of washing, the effluent after washing was collected and the nitrate ion concentration was measured.

As a result, even when washing was performed by decantation without using the above column method (a method of filling a container having a drain outlet with a solid carrier), about 40 mg / L after 6 days from the addition of the microorganism source. , About 75 mg / L of nitrate ion was shown to be produced after 8 days.
From this, it was shown that the microorganism group can be immobilized on the solid support by washing by decantation without filling the column (container having a drain port).

Example 12 (Nutrient culture with direct addition of organic fertilizer in solid medium cultivation)
Examining whether it is possible to perform hydroponics by directly adding fertilizers containing organic matter in solid medium cultivation by using a solid support with immobilized microorganisms that perform parallel dual mineralization as a solid medium for plant cultivation did.
A group of microorganisms that perform the parallel multiple mineralization reaction used in Example 1 on a rock wool cube (manufactured by Grodan, 100 × 100 × 100 mm: volume 1 L, solid support integrally molded so as to maintain a solid shape) After adding 500 ml of the cultured broth as a microorganism source and inoculating, 500 ml of tap water was added, and the rock wool cube was washed by allowing water to flow out of the rock wool cube. In addition, 20 containers filled with this rock wool were made into one division.
Thereafter, 0.5 g (liquid weight) of boiled persimmon juice is added to each rock wool cube as a liquid containing organic matter for one section of the container, and allowed to stand overnight at room temperature (about 25 ° C.). The treatment of washing with 500 ml of water was repeated until 7 days had passed since the inoculation of the microorganism group.
Next, 8 days after the inoculation of the microorganism group, it was confirmed that nitrate ions were produced in the effluent, and then seedling seeds were sown on rock wool cubes. In addition, after sowing, the addition of the broth soup and the washing treatment were interrupted. Cultivation was carried out in a glass greenhouse (without heating) from December 6, 2007 to January 9, 2008.
10 days after sowing (18 days after the addition of the microbial source), the operation of repeating the addition and washing treatment of the boiled soup is resumed from the stage where the Futaba has developed until 34 days have passed since the sowing (the microbial source Cultivation was performed twice a week (by 42 days after the addition) by adding simmered broth and washing with tap water. This one section of cultivation was designated as the “inoculation / boiled broth” section as the present invention section.
In addition, a section in which the microorganism source was not added to the container filled with the above-mentioned rock wool cubes was used as a control experiment for the “non-inoculation / boiled broth” section.
Further, a container filled with the above-mentioned rock wool cubes without adding the microorganism source, and adding a chemical fertilizer instead of the liquid containing the organic matter, a control experiment of the 'chemical fertilizer' section did. The results are shown in FIG.

As a result, the chingensai of the “inoculation / boiled broth” group of the present invention showed good growth equivalent to that of the “chemical fertilizer” group.
In addition, in the “no-inoculation / boiled broth” group (that is, the region grown with rock wool cubes to which the boiled broth was added without inoculating the microorganism source), the growth of Chingensai was significantly delayed. This is probably because the decomposition of the boiled broth did not proceed until ammonia formation because the microorganism source was not inoculated, resulting in an excessive ammonia failure.

Example 13 (Growth experiment using catalyst column effluent)
Using rock wool granular cotton as a microorganism carrier, 100 mg of boiled simmered soup was mineralized every day, and 100 ml of the effluent was used for a komatsuna growth experiment.
100 mg of boiled soup is added to the catalyst column packed with rock wool granular cotton, to which the microorganism group performing the parallel double mineralization reaction, obtained in Example 2 is added, and overnight at room temperature (about 25 ° C.). After leaving still, the process (process which produces | generates the nitrate nitrogen which is an inorganic fertilizer component from organic substance) which adds 100 ml of distilled pure waters, and collect | recovers effluents was repeated every day.
Using 100 ml of the effluent obtained every day as a fertilizer, the operation for 10 strains of Komatsuna seedlings was repeated every day (in this case, the remaining liquid from the previous day was discarded). The seedlings were allowed to stand at 25 ° C. under natural light conditions.
Further, as a control experiment, an operation of supplying 100 ml of distilled pure water containing 100 mg of simmered broth was repeated every day. The results are shown in FIG.

As a result, when the effluent containing nitrate nitrogen produced from organic substances by a catalyst column packed with a solid support (rock wool granular cotton) immobilizing microorganisms that perform parallel dual mineralization reaction is used as fertilizer However, Komatsuna was found to grow without problems. In the control experiment, the growth of Komatsuna hardly progressed, and a growth disorder that seems to be an excess ammonia disorder appeared.

Example 14 (Use 1 of a solid carrier having a microorganism group immobilized thereon as a microorganism source 1)
We examined whether it is possible to use the solid support itself, on which a group of microorganisms that have already undergone the parallel dual mineralization reaction, is immobilized, as a microbial source.
Cut the bottom of the 500ml PET bottle to obtain the upper half, and turn it upside down with the lid open. Filled with 9 g of cotton.
To this, 1 g of rock wool granular cotton obtained in Example 1 in which the microorganism group had already been immobilized (which led to catalyzing the parallel double mineralization reaction) was added as a microorganism source and inoculated (final) After the volume of the rock wool granular cotton reached 50 ml), 100 ml of distilled pure water was added and the rock wool granular cotton was washed by flowing out from the drain port.
Thereafter, the treatment of adding 0.1 g of simmered broth as an organic substance and allowing it to stand at 37 ° C. overnight, followed by washing with 100 ml of distilled pure water was repeated until the number of days shown in FIG. 22 passed. At the time of washing, the effluent after washing was collected and the nitrate ion concentration was measured.

As a result, when the rock wool granular cotton in which the microorganism group obtained in Example 1 was immobilized was added as a microorganism source, nitrate ions having a concentration of about 20 mg / L after 6 days and about 35 mg / L after 8 days. Was generated.
Therefore, it was shown that the microbial carrier on which the microorganism group is immobilized can be used as a microbial source for another unused solid carrier.

Example 15 (Utilization 2 of a solid carrier having a microorganism group immobilized thereon as a microorganism source 2)
We investigated whether a solid support on which a group of microorganisms that have already undergone a parallel dual mineralization reaction can be used as a microbial source for a parallel dual mineralization reaction in water.
100 ml of distilled pure water was put into a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask, and the microorganism group obtained by adding soil as a microbial source in Example 7 was already immobilized (became catalyzing a parallel compound mineralization reaction). E) 1 g of rock wool granular cotton was taken out, added as a microorganism source, and inoculated.
Here, 0.1 g of boiled simmered soup is added as an organic substance, and cultured at a water temperature of 25 ° C. until the number of days shown in FIG. 23 elapses while maintaining aerobic conditions by shaking at 120 rpm. The nitrate ion concentration was measured sequentially. The results are shown in FIG.

From this result, it was shown that a parallel multiple mineralization reaction in water can be performed using a solid carrier on which a group of microorganisms already performing a parallel multiple mineralization reaction is immobilized as a microorganism source.

The present invention enables application to inorganic fertilizer manufacturing technology using organic waste as a raw material. The waste recycling industry is expected to expand to a market size of 2.5 trillion yen in the future, and the present invention is industrially applicable as the first technology to recycle organic resources into inorganic fertilizers. Sex is very big.
In addition, the conventional technology requires aeration, so power such as an air pump is required. However, in the present invention, the column method can be adopted, so that an energy-saving decomposition method that does not require power is required. The point that made it possible to increase the appeal.
Moreover, this invention enables the hydroponic cultivation using the organic fertilizer by solid medium cultivation, and can anticipate the application to agriculture or a horticulture field. Especially in tomato hydroponic cultivation, solid medium cultivation with rock wool is the main, and if it becomes possible to apply organic fertilizer utilization type hydroponic cultivation to this, not only the country but also countries with high environmental awareness such as the Netherlands It is expected to become popular. In particular, the tomato hydroponic culture in the Netherlands exceeds 1000 ha, and even if only a part of this is replaced with a hydroponic culture utilizing organic fertilizer, the market scale becomes large.

Claims (10)

A container is filled with the solid support described in the following (A); a group of microorganisms that perform a parallel double mineralization reaction that mineralizes organic matter to generate nitrate nitrogen is added thereto; and then the following (B) By adding 0.1 to 20 g (in terms of dry weight) of the organic substance described in 1 to 1 L of the solid support, and then allowing it to stand to satisfy the conditions described in (C1) and (C2) below; A solid support on which a group of microorganisms that perform a parallel dual mineralization reaction is immobilized, wherein the group of microorganisms that perform a mineralization reaction (a reaction that satisfies the conditions described in (D1) and (D2) below) is immobilized. Manufacturing method.
(A) A solid carrier made of a porous material having air permeability.
(B) A high nitrogen-containing organic substance having a C / N ratio of 24 or less, which is the content ratio of carbon and nitrogen, and containing a high amount of protein and / or protein degradation product.
(C1) Conditions for allowing the solid support to stand at 10 to 37 ° C. for 5 days or more so as not to be flooded.
(C2) Conditions for allowing the nitrogen carrier to stand until nitrate nitrogen starts to be generated in the effluent when the solid carrier is washed by adding water and flowing out of the solid carrier.
(D1) A reaction that mineralizes organic matter to produce nitrate nitrogen.Decomposition of organic matter into ammonia nitrogen and nitrification from ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen are carried out continuously in the same reaction system. Reaction.
(D2) In the decomposition of organic matter, the organic nitrogen contained in the organic matter is decomposed into ammonia nitrogen, and the ammonia nitrogen undergoes an oxidation reaction by nitric acid formation to produce nitrate nitrogen.   2. The method for producing a solid carrier according to claim 1, wherein the container is a container having a drain outlet, and the effluent is an effluent that has flowed out of the drain outlet. To the solid support described in the following (A) integrally molded so that the solid shape is maintained; adding a group of microorganisms that perform a parallel dual mineralization reaction that mineralizes organic matter to produce nitrate nitrogen; Add 0.1-20 g (dry weight conversion) of the organic substance described in (B) below to 1 L of solid carrier, and then leave it to satisfy the conditions described in (C1) and (C2) below. By immobilizing a group of microorganisms that perform a parallel dual mineralization reaction (reaction that satisfies the conditions described in (D1) and (D2) below), the microorganism group that performs the parallel dual mineralization reaction is fixed. Process for producing a solid support.
(A) A solid carrier made of a porous material having air permeability.
(B) A high nitrogen-containing organic substance having a C / N ratio of 24 or less, which is the content ratio of carbon and nitrogen, and containing a high amount of protein and / or protein degradation product.
(C1) Conditions for allowing the solid support to stand at 10 to 37 ° C. for 5 days or more so as not to be flooded.
(C2) Conditions for allowing the nitrogen carrier to stand until nitrate nitrogen starts to be generated in the effluent when the solid carrier is washed by adding water and flowing out of the solid carrier.
(D1) A reaction that mineralizes organic matter to produce nitrate nitrogen.Decomposition of organic matter into ammonia nitrogen and nitrification from ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen are carried out continuously in the same reaction system. Reaction.
(D2) In the decomposition of organic matter, the organic nitrogen contained in the organic matter is decomposed into ammonia nitrogen, and the ammonia nitrogen undergoes an oxidation reaction by nitric acid formation to produce nitrate nitrogen.   The organic matter is at least one selected from the group consisting of fish broth, fish meal, oil cake, raw garbage, corn dipping solution, rice bran, soybean meal, plant residue, milk, powdered milk, and livestock dung, A method for producing a solid support according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   5. The method for producing a solid carrier according to claim 1, wherein the standing is performed until 50 mg / L or more of nitrate ions starts to be generated in the effluent.   The solid carrier is rock wool, vermiculite, pearlite, zeolite, sand, Kanuma earth, glass, ceramic, urethane, nylon, melamine resin, wood chip, straw, moss, charcoal, cotton, paper, polyacrylamide gel, and agar 6. The method for producing a solid carrier according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is one or more porous solid carriers selected from the group consisting of:   Immediately after the addition of the microorganism group, when nitrate nitrogen is contained in the solid carrier, the nitrate carrier is removed by washing the solid carrier by adding water and flowing out from the solid carrier. The method for producing a solid support according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein   The microorganism source containing the microorganism group is a culture solution obtained by culturing the microorganism group that performs the parallel dual mineralization reaction, the dried microorganism body obtained by drying the culture solution, and the microorganism group is immobilized. Solid carrier, effluent discharged from the solid carrier by adding water to the solid carrier on which the microorganism group is immobilized, soil, tap water, lake water, spring water, well water, river water, and seawater The method for producing a solid carrier according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is one or more selected from the group.   A solid support obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is used as a support for a catalyst column that performs a parallel double mineralization reaction. From the organic matter, nitrate nitrogen that is an inorganic fertilizer component is obtained. A method for producing a produced catalyst column.   A method for producing a plant cultivation solid medium, wherein the solid carrier obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is used as a plant cultivation solid medium.