JP5680438B2 - Charge control device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a charging control device that controls charging of a storage battery mounted on a vehicle such as an electric vehicle.

  In recent years, vehicles such as electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles equipped with storage batteries and motors are becoming popular. And since many vehicles are charged simultaneously in an apartment house, a business office, etc., there exists a possibility that the main breaker of a switchboard may trip because the power consumption combined with other load equipment exceeds a regulation value. On the other hand, it is not preferable to increase facilities to prevent tripping of the main breaker due to overload current or to increase contract power with electric power companies as power consumption increases.

  On the other hand, in the conventional example described in Patent Document 1, the power storage state of the power storage device when each vehicle and an external power source are coupled is detected, and the predicted power consumption amount and the In addition to detecting the use start time, the required charge power amount is calculated based on the detected storage state and the predicted power consumption amount, and the charging time and charge power amount of each vehicle are calculated from the required charge amount and use start time. Control is performed to determine a charging schedule and charge a power storage device mounted on the vehicle based on the charging schedule.

  That is, according to the conventional example described in Patent Document 1, the charging schedule for the charging time and the charging power amount of each vehicle is determined from the required charging amount and the use start time of each vehicle, and is mounted on the vehicle based on the charging schedule Since the charged power storage device is charged, tripping of the main breaker due to overload current can be prevented without increasing contract power with the power company.

JP 2009-136109 A

  However, the conventional example described in Patent Document 1 is not a charging schedule for charging a plurality of vehicles at the same time, but a charging schedule for charging a plurality of vehicles one by one. May be insufficient. If it does so, the user of each vehicle will be dissatisfied with the charge amount of a vehicle.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and aims to simultaneously charge a plurality of vehicles and suppress user dissatisfaction while preventing an increase in contract power and a trip of a main breaker. .

The charge control device of the present invention is a charge control device that controls the amount of charge when charging the storage batteries of a plurality of vehicles each equipped with a storage battery using power supplied from a power system to a building. a schedule generating section for generating a schedule for charging the battery before Symbol plurality of vehicles, in accordance with the schedule generated by the schedule generating section, a charging path to all or part of the vehicle of the plurality of vehicles open and close a control unit for inputting and off the charge of the respective vehicles, the schedule generating section, in that the distributing before Symbol each vehicle, wherein the target charge amount for each vehicle, with respect to the target charge amount The schedule for charging to a charge amount obtained by subtracting a surplus amount which is a shortage is generated.
The charging control device further includes a power measurement unit that measures an amount of power consumed by a load device other than the vehicle, and the schedule generation unit measures the maximum power that can be received from the power system and the power measurement unit. It is preferable to generate the schedule for allocating the difference from the generated power to the vehicles according to time zones.

  In this charging control apparatus, it is preferable that the schedule generation unit sets the margin amount in all the vehicles to an equal value.

  In this charging control device, the charging control device further includes a remaining amount information acquisition unit that acquires information related to the remaining amount of the storage battery of the vehicle from the vehicle, and the schedule generation unit includes the remaining amount of the storage battery for each vehicle based on the information and the It is preferable to set the margin amount at a certain ratio with respect to the difference from the target charge amount.

  In this charging control apparatus, it is preferable that the schedule generation unit sets the margin amount to a certain ratio with respect to the target charging amount for each vehicle.

  The charging control device includes an operation input receiving unit that receives an operation input of a user who uses the vehicle, and the schedule generation unit sets the target charge amount based on the operation input received by the operation input receiving unit. It is preferable.

  In this charging control apparatus, it is preferable that the schedule generation unit sets the charging capacity of the storage battery of each vehicle as the target charging amount for each vehicle.

  In this charging control apparatus, it is preferable that a storage unit that stores the target charging amount for each vehicle is provided, and the schedule generation unit generates the schedule using the target charging amount stored in the storage unit. .

  In this charging control apparatus, the vehicle is provided with a storage unit that stores a past charge amount record for each vehicle, and the schedule generation unit is configured to perform the target charge based on the past charge amount record stored in the storage unit. It is preferable to set the amount.

  The charging control device may include a storage unit that stores a priority order assigned to each vehicle, and the schedule generation unit may generate the schedule based on the priority order stored in the storage unit. preferable.

  In this charging control device, the storage unit stores a plurality of types of priorities assigned to each vehicle, and the schedule generation unit is configured based on the plurality of types of priorities stored in the storage unit. It is preferable to generate a schedule.

  In this charging control device, an operation input receiving unit that receives an operation input of a user who uses the vehicle, a storage unit that stores a past charge amount record for each vehicle, and presents information to the user. An information presentation unit, wherein the schedule generation unit sets the target charge amount based on an operation input received by the operation input reception unit, and a charge amount obtained by subtracting the margin amount from the target charge amount and the target It is preferable to estimate a ratio with the amount of charge and present the ratio to the information presentation unit.

  The charging control device includes an information presentation unit that presents information to a user who uses the vehicle, and the schedule generation unit sends information on the schedule to the information presentation unit in response to a request from the user. It is preferable to present it.

In this charging control apparatus, the schedule generation unit collects the charging amount for each vehicle obtained by subtracting the margin amount from the target charging amount , and continuously charges the vehicle that has started charging. Preferably, the schedule is generated as is done .

In this charging control apparatus, when there are a plurality of time zones that can be allocated to charging the vehicle , the schedule generation unit generates the schedule in which the difference is allocated to the vehicles in a relatively early time zone. Is preferred.

  The charging control device includes a storage unit that stores a priority assigned to each vehicle, and the schedule generation unit changes the schedule that has already been generated because the power measured by the power measurement unit has increased. In this case, it is preferable to change the schedule so that charging of the vehicle having a relatively low priority stored in the storage unit is performed later.

  The charging control device includes a storage unit that stores a priority order assigned to each vehicle, and the schedule generation unit changes the schedule that has already been generated because power measured by the power measurement unit has decreased. In this case, it is preferable to change the schedule so that the vehicle having the relatively high priority stored in the storage unit is charged first.

  In the charging control device, the schedule generation unit changes the schedule so that the vehicle having the relatively low target charge amount is preferentially charged among the vehicles having the relatively high priority. It is preferable.

  In this charging control device, the vehicle includes a storage unit that allocates the vehicles to a plurality of groups and stores a priority assigned to each of the plurality of groups, and the schedule generation unit includes the actual charging for each of the vehicles. It is preferable that the schedule is generated so as to preferentially charge the vehicle having a low charge amount among the vehicles belonging to the same group based on the amount record.

  In this charging control apparatus, when it is predicted that the schedule that has already been generated cannot be executed because any of the vehicles cannot be charged, the schedule generation unit sets a schedule for charging other vehicles other than the vehicle. It is preferable to regenerate.

  In this charging control apparatus, when the schedule generation unit regenerates the schedule, it is preferable that the schedule is regenerated so that the vehicle being charged is continuously charged at the time of the regeneration.

  In this charging control apparatus, when the schedule generation unit regenerates the schedule, it is preferable that the schedule is regenerated so as not to change the charge amount of a vehicle other than the vehicle that cannot be charged.

  In this charging control apparatus, it is preferable that the schedule generation unit generates the schedule so that power is continuously supplied even after the vehicle is charged to the charge amount in response to a request from the vehicle.

  In this charging control apparatus, it is preferable that the schedule generation unit generates the schedule so as to charge the vehicle in a time zone permitted from the vehicle.

  This charging control apparatus preferably includes a storage unit that stores the number of times the control unit actually opens and closes the charging path.

  The charge control device of the present invention has an effect of charging a plurality of vehicles at the same time and suppressing a user's dissatisfaction while preventing an increase in contract power and a trip of the main breaker.

(a) is a system configuration diagram of a charging system including the first embodiment of the charging control device according to the present invention, and (b) is a block diagram showing the first embodiment of the charging control device. (a), (b) is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the relationship between the charging capacity of the vehicle in the same as above, target charging amount, remaining amount, and margin. (a), (b) is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the time frame and maximum electric power in the same as the above. (a), (b) is explanatory drawing of the usage form for every user in the same as the above. It is a figure which shows the objective function and limiting conditions for determining the schedule which makes the sum total of each user's margin amount the minimum at the time of the schedule production | generation same as the above. It is a figure which shows the objective function and limiting conditions for determining the schedule which makes the sum total of the margin amount ratio of each user the minimum at the time of the schedule production | generation same as the above. (a) (b) (c) is an explanatory diagram of schedule generation in the second embodiment. (a) (b) is explanatory drawing of the schedule production | generation in the same as the above. (a) (b) is explanatory drawing of the schedule production | generation in Embodiment 3. FIG. (a) (b) is a figure which shows the objective function and limiting conditions for determining the schedule which maximizes a charging achievement rate, considering the continuity of charging time at the time of the schedule production | generation same as the above. It is a figure which shows the objective function and constraint conditions for determining the schedule which makes charging time forward at the time of the schedule production | generation same as the above. (a) (b) is explanatory drawing of the schedule production | generation in Embodiment 4. FIG. (a) (b) is explanatory drawing of the schedule production | generation in the same as the above. (a) (b) is explanatory drawing of the schedule production | generation in Embodiment 6. FIG.

(Embodiment 1)
A system configuration of a charging system including the charging control device CT of the present embodiment is shown in FIG. This charging system is for charging storage batteries (not shown) installed in multiple vehicles (electric cars, plug-in hybrid cars, etc.) EVs in buildings BD such as apartment buildings and offices. is there.

  In the building BD, power lines to which AC power is supplied from a commercial AC power system AC are branched at the main distribution board MB and the sub-distribution board SB, respectively. Although not shown, the main distribution board MB box contains a main breaker and a number of branch breakers, and the load equipment (lighting) in the building BD is connected via the power line branched by each branch breaker. Electric power is supplied to appliances and air conditioners. Similarly, a main breaker and a number of branch breakers are also stored in the box of the sub-distribution panel SB. The branch breaker of the sub-distribution panel SB includes a remote control breaker RBi (i = 1, 2,..., N) that can be controlled remotely, and a plurality of outlets CSi (i = 1, 2) through the plurality of remote control breakers RBi. , ..., n) are supplied with AC power, respectively. A charging cable Lx serving as a power feeding path to the vehicle EV is detachably connected to the plurality of outlets CSi as will be described later.

  As shown in FIG. 1B, the charging control device CT includes a schedule generation unit 1, a control unit 2, a power measurement unit 3, a storage unit 4, an operation input reception unit 5, and an information presentation unit 6. The power measuring unit 3 separately uses the power consumed by the load device in the building BD through the main distribution board MB (used power) and the power charged to the vehicle EV through the sub-distribution board SB (charging power). measure. However, the measurement result of the power measurement unit 3 is stored in the storage unit 4 through the schedule generation unit 1.

  The storage unit 4 is composed of an electrically rewritable non-volatile semiconductor memory such as a flash memory, and stores various information on the schedule and the vehicle EV, which will be described later, in addition to the measurement result of the power measurement unit 3. ing. The operation input reception unit 5 has an input device such as a keyboard, a touch panel, or an IC card reader, and receives various operation inputs input by the input device and passes them to the schedule generation unit 1. The information presentation unit 6 has a display device such as a liquid crystal display, and presents various information to the user by displaying characters and images on the display device. However, the information presentation unit 6 may include a speaker, and information may be presented by sounding sound from the speaker.

  The schedule generation unit 1 generates a schedule for charging storage batteries of a plurality of vehicles EV. In accordance with the schedule generated by the schedule generation unit 1, the control unit 2 remotely opens and closes the charging route to each vehicle EV by remotely controlling the remote control breaker RBi of the sub-distribution panel SB via the control line L2. To turn on / off charging of each vehicle EV. The control unit 2 also has a function of detecting the connection state between each outlet CSi and the charging cable Lx, and passes the detection result of the connection state for each outlet CSi to the schedule generation unit 1. Furthermore, a unique identification code (user ID) is assigned to a user who uses each vehicle EV, and the schedule generation unit 1 identifies each vehicle EV by the user ID. ID numbers (1, 2,..., M) of user IDs are stored (registered) in the storage unit 4 of the charge control device CT. The schedule generation unit 1, the control unit 2, and the power measurement unit 3 are configured by hardware such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a memory, and software (program) for performing processing of each unit 1 to 3. ing.

  As described in the prior art, the maximum power that can be received by the main distribution board MB and the secondary distribution board SB of the building BD is usually determined by the contract power with the power company. However, when a power generation facility such as a photovoltaic power generation system or a fuel cell system is installed in the building BD, the maximum power is determined by the power obtained by adding the power generated by the power generation facility to the contract power with the power company. Information on the maximum power of the building BD (maximum power value) is stored in the storage unit 4 of the charge control device CT.

  As shown in Fig. 3, the schedule generator 1 divides 24 hours starting from 12:00 noon into hourly intervals (time frames), and from 1 to 24 in a total of 24 time frames. Are assigned (see FIG. 3A), and the maximum power in each time frame is divided into a plurality of squares (vertical eight squares in the illustrated example). However, originally, it is desirable to divide the time frame in units of 30 minutes or less (preferably 10 minutes). However, in this embodiment, the time frame is divided in units of one hour in order to simplify the description. Moreover, in this embodiment, the electric energy of 1 square corresponds to 2 [kWh]. In FIG.3 (b), the mass corresponding to the electric energy supplied to the load apparatus in the building BD through the main distribution board MB is hatched. Accordingly, a blank cell that is not hatched in FIG. 3B corresponds to the amount of power that can be used for charging the vehicle EV through the sub-distribution panel SB. For example, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), in the time zone of 1 hour from 12 o'clock to 13 o'clock (the time frame with the frame number 1), the electric energy for 6 squares (= 2 × 6 = 12 [kWh ]) Is consumed by the load device, and the remaining 2 mass of power (= 2 × 2 = 4 [kWh]) is the amount of power that can be used for charging the vehicle EV within a range not exceeding the maximum power. However, since the power usage after the schedule generation time is originally unknown, the schedule generation unit 1 predicts the power usage in each time slot (time frame) based on the past actual power usage, season, weather, etc. Then, a schedule is generated using the prediction result.

  Here, as shown in Fig. 2 (a), the remaining capacity of the storage battery mounted on each vehicle EV is A [kWh], the target charge amount is B [kWh], the charge capacity is C [kWh], and the margin is Assuming E [kWh], the schedule generator 1 distributes the difference between the maximum power and the power used (the cell not hatched in FIG. 3B) to each vehicle EV according to the time zone, and for each vehicle EV. A schedule for generating a charge amount (= BE) obtained by subtracting a predetermined margin amount E from the target charge amount B is generated. Originally, it is desirable to fully charge the storage batteries of all the vehicle EVs to the charging capacity C, but it is difficult because of the relationship between the number of vehicle EVs, the maximum power and the charging time. On the other hand, if the individual vehicle EVs are charged in order as in the conventional example, the amount of charge of the slowest vehicle EVs is greatly insufficient, and the user is dissatisfied. Therefore, in order to suppress the user's dissatisfaction even when charging as many vehicle EVs as possible at the same time, even when full charging is not possible, a predetermined margin amount E is obtained from the target charging amount B requested by the user of each vehicle EV. The battery is charged up to the deducted amount (difference), and the shortage with respect to the target charge amount B is equally distributed to each user. For example, in this embodiment, the margin E for all the vehicles EV is set to an equal value (see FIG. 2B).

  Next, a schedule generation procedure by the schedule generation unit 1 will be described.

  When the vehicle EV returns to the building BD, the user connects the vehicle EV and the outlet CSi with the charging cable Lx. The user inputs his / her ID number, departure time (scheduled time), and target charge amount B using the operation input receiving unit 5 of the charge control device CT. The operation input accepting unit 5 accepts an operation input of an ID number, departure time, and target charge amount B and passes it to the schedule generating unit 1. For the target charging amount B, the next scheduled travel distance [km] is input, and the schedule generation unit 1 determines the target charge amount B based on the fuel consumption [km / kWh] and the planned travel distance [km] of the vehicle EV. It is also possible to calculate the charge amount B [kWh].

  On the other hand, the control unit 2 detects that the charging cable Lx is connected to the outlet CSi and notifies the schedule generation unit 1 of it. Then, the schedule generation unit 1 associates the ID number received from the operation input reception unit 5 with the time notified from the control unit 2 (return time), the departure time, and the target charge amount B in the storage unit 4. It is memorized (see FIG. 4 (a)). Here, data transmission via the charging cable Lx is performed between the vehicle EV and the control unit 2, and information (remaining amount A) regarding the remaining amount of the storage battery mounted on the vehicle EV is acquired by the control unit 2. Can do. Therefore, the schedule generation unit 1 stores the remaining amount A of the storage battery acquired by the control unit 2 from the vehicle EV in the storage unit 4 in association with the ID number. In the storage unit 4, as shown in FIG. 4A, information on the ID number of each user and the return time, departure time, target charge amount B, remaining amount A of the vehicle EV used by each user ( Hereinafter, it is referred to as “charging reservation information”) in the data table.

  The schedule generation unit 1 replaces the return time and the departure time with the frame number (1 to 24) of the time frame, and replaces the target charge amount B and the remaining amount A with the number of squares corresponding to the electric energy, so that FIG. The charging reservation information in the storage unit 4 is converted as shown in b). For example, the return time in the charge reservation information before conversion of ID number 1 is 18: 0, departure time is 7: 0 on the next day, target charge B is 20 [kWh], remaining charge A is 8 [kWh ], The return time and departure time frame numbers in the converted charge reservation information are 7 and 20, respectively, and the target charge amount B ′ and the remaining amount A ′ are 10 and 4, respectively.

  Furthermore, the schedule generation unit 1 reduces the margin amount E as much as possible based on the charge reservation information after conversion and the above-described prediction result of the electric power used, and the margin amount E is uniform for all users (vehicles EV) (desirably So that the remote control breaker RBi is turned on / off.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, an optimal solution that minimizes the objective function (the sum of the margin amounts E in all the vehicles EV) is obtained under a predetermined constraint condition, that is, an optimization problem analysis method is performed. Can be used. However, since an analysis method for such an optimization problem is conventionally known, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  And the schedule production | generation part 1 determines the charge amount of each vehicle EV by deducting the margin amount E from the target charge amount B, and the electric power which can be used for charge in each time slot | zone so that the said charge amount may be satisfy | filled A schedule in which the squares are assigned to each vehicle EV is generated.

  As described above, in the charging control device CT of the present embodiment, the difference between the maximum power that can be received from the power grid AC and the power measured by the power measuring unit 3 is distributed to each vehicle EV according to time zones, and each vehicle Since the schedule generation unit 1 generates a schedule for charging up to the charge amount obtained by subtracting the specified margin amount E from the target charge amount B for each EV, while preventing an increase in contract power and a trip of the main breaker, A plurality of vehicle EVs can be charged at the same time and user dissatisfaction can be suppressed. In particular, since the deficiency (margin amount E) with respect to the requested charge amount (target charge amount B) is the same for all the vehicle EVs, the dissatisfaction of the users of each vehicle EV can be suppressed.

  By the way, it is not always necessary to set the margin E for all the vehicles EV (users) to an equal value. For example, the margin E may be set to a constant ratio with respect to the difference (= B−A) between the remaining amount A of the storage battery and the target charge amount B for each vehicle EV. By doing so, the vehicle EV with a smaller amount of charge (= B−A) that is actually required reduces the margin amount E, which can further alleviate the user's dissatisfaction. In this case, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the schedule generation unit 1 may generate a schedule using an optimal solution obtained by changing a part of the restriction conditions illustrated in FIG. 5.

  Alternatively, the margin amount E may be set to a certain ratio with respect to the target charge amount B. By doing so, the vehicle EV with a smaller required amount (target charge amount B) also reduces the margin amount E, so that the user's dissatisfaction can be further alleviated. In this case, an optimal solution may be obtained by setting the remaining amount A ′ in the restriction condition shown in FIG. 6 to zero.

  In addition, it is assumed that the charge control device CT cannot acquire the target charge amount B due to the user's forgetting input or the like. In such a case, the margin amount E may be set using the charge capacity C of each vehicle EV instead of the target charge amount B. However, regarding the setting of the margin amount E and the generation of the schedule, an optimal solution may be obtained by replacing the target charge amount B ′ under any of the above-described restriction conditions with the charge capacity C ′.

  Here, depending on the vehicle type, the control unit 2 of the charge control device CT may not be able to acquire information on the remaining amount A of the storage battery from the vehicle EV. In such a case, the remaining amount A is regarded as zero and the margin amount E may be set. However, regarding the setting of the margin amount E and the generation of the schedule, an optimal solution may be obtained by setting the remaining amount A ′ in any of the above-described restriction conditions to zero. In the charge control device CT of the present embodiment, the control unit 2 only turns on and off the charging path according to the schedule, so that the vehicle EV with a large remaining amount A of the storage battery is charged to the full charge (charging capacity C). Is more likely.

  By the way, it is assumed that the charge control device CT cannot acquire information on the departure time, the target charge amount B, and the remaining amount A due to the user forgetting to input. Or, if the user's usage pattern (departure time, return time, mileage, etc.) is almost fixed, it is very time consuming if the user inputs information such as the target charge amount B every time (daily). It is desirable to be able to omit the information input. Therefore, each user registers in advance information on his / her usage pattern (departure time, return time, mileage, etc.) in the charging control device CT, and the schedule generation unit 1 stores information on the usage pattern registered in advance. A schedule may be generated based on the above. Alternatively, instead of registering information on the user's usage pattern, the user uses the history (history) of the user's usage pattern (departure time, return time, target charge amount, etc.) stored in the storage unit 4. The schedule generation unit 1 may generate a schedule. For example, an average value such as past departure time, return time, target charge amount, and the like may be obtained and used.

  Here, the schedule generation unit 1 sets the target charge amount B based on the operation input received by the operation input reception unit 5, and the charge amount (= BE) obtained by subtracting the margin amount E from the target charge amount B and the target charge amount It is desirable to estimate the ratio with B (achievement rate: (BE) / B × 100 [%]) and to have the information presentation unit 6 present the estimated achievement rate. In other words, when the user inputs the target charge amount B, a guideline (achievement rate) indicating how much the battery is actually charged is presented from the information presentation unit 6 to the user. By reviewing B or knowing the achievement rate in advance, user dissatisfaction can be eased.

  Further, while the control unit 2 controls the remote control breaker RBi according to the schedule, the schedule generation unit 1 performs information on the schedule, for example, the amount of charge (remaining amount) of each vehicle EV, the expected end time of charging, and abnormal charging. In addition, it is desirable that the information presentation unit 6 appropriately presents the past charging results to the user. Thereby, the convenience for the user is improved.

  By the way, in order to prevent tripping of the branch breaker connected to the sub-distribution panel SB among the branch breakers of the main distribution panel MB, for example, the current flowing through the main breaker of the sub-distribution panel SB is measured, and the branch Electric power that can be used for charging may be calculated based on the difference between the rated capacity of the breaker and the measured current value.

(Embodiment 2)
Since the configuration of the charging control device CT and the charging system of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, common components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and illustration and description thereof are omitted.

  The charge control device CT of the present embodiment stores the priority assigned to each vehicle EV (actually, for each user of each vehicle EV) in the storage unit 4, and based on the priority stored in the storage unit 4. Thus, the schedule generation unit 1 is characterized in that it generates a schedule.

  For example, when the electric charge of the electric power required to charge the storage battery of the vehicle EV is charged for each user and a plurality of charging conditions with different basic charges and unit prices are set, each vehicle EV For (user), priority is set according to the accounting conditions as shown in FIG. In the example shown in the figure, there are three billing conditions S1, S2, and S3 in descending order of basic charge and unit price, and priority levels 1 to 3 are assigned to these three billing conditions S1, S2, and S3. (See FIG. 7B).

  As shown in FIG. 7 (c), the schedule generation unit 1 uses the sum of the numerical values of the priorities of all the users as a denominator and sets a coefficient with the numerical values of the priorities of the respective users as numerators. Multiply the total amount E '. Therefore, as the vehicle EV of the user having a higher priority (smaller numerical value), the margin amount decreases and the charge amount increases.

  Further, the schedule may be generated in consideration of not only the charging conditions but also the priority order based on the return time. At this time, weighting (priority ratio) may be set for the two types of priority rankings of the charging condition and the return time. For example, as shown in FIG. The priority ratio based on the priority is 0.4. However, the total value of the priority ratios for each type is 1.

  For example, each vehicle EV of the user whose user ID number is 1, 2, and 3 is returned in the seventh, eighth, and ninth time frames, and the charging conditions of each user are S1, S3, respectively. , S3. At this time, as shown in FIG. 8 (b), the schedule generation unit 1 uses the sum of the numerical values of the priorities of all the users for the charging conditions as a denominator, and uses the numerical value of the priorities for each user as a numerator. Multiply the priority ratio by 0.4 and the total number of return time frames for all users as the denominator, and set the priority ratio to 0.6 for the factor that uses the return time frame for each user as the numerator. The sum of the multiplied values is multiplied by the total amount E ′ of all users. Therefore, the vehicle EV of the user with higher priority of the charging conditions and earlier return time will reduce the margin amount and increase the charge amount.

  As described above, if the schedule generation unit 1 generates a schedule based on one or more types of priorities, the user's dissatisfaction can be further reduced.

(Embodiment 3)
As described above, the charging control device CT turns on / off charging of each vehicle EV by opening and closing the remote control breaker RBi according to the schedule generated by itself. For example, as shown in FIG. 9A, a schedule is generated in which each vehicle EV of the user with the user ID number 1, 2, 3 is charged in the first to seventh time frames. Shall. In FIG. 9, the time frame scheduled to be charged is hatched, and the time frame not scheduled to be charged is blank.

  In the schedule of FIG. 9A, the vehicle EVs of the users whose user ID numbers are 1 and 2 are charged in the first time frame, and the user ID number is 2 in the second time frame. Each vehicle EV of the user No. 3 is charged, and each vehicle EV of the user ID No. 1 and No. 3 is charged in the third time frame. And if the user's ID is the user's vehicle EV, the first time frame and the second time frame, the second time frame and the third time frame, the fourth time frame and 5 The remote control breaker RBi is switched at the time of switching between the fifth time frame, the fifth time frame, and the sixth time frame. That is, the remote control breaker RBi is switched four times during the total time of the first to seventh time frames, and there is a possibility that the life of the remote control breaker RBi is shortened. In particular, the shorter the time frame, the greater the number of switchings per day, so there is a high possibility that the lifetime will become shorter.

  Therefore, in the charge control device CT of the present embodiment, the schedule generation unit 1 generates a schedule by collecting the charge amount for each vehicle EV obtained by subtracting the margin amount E from the target charge amount B. In other words, if a schedule is generated so that the vehicle EV that has been charged once is continuously charged as much as possible, the number of switching of the remote control breaker RBi can be reduced and the shortening of the life can be suppressed. .

  For example, in the schedule shown in FIG. 9B, the vehicle EV of the user whose user ID number is 1 is continuously charged in the first to fourth time frames, and the user whose user ID number is 2 Vehicle EVs are continuously charged in the first to fifth time frames, and the vehicle EV of the user whose user ID number is 3 is continuously charged in the fifth to seventh time frames. In this case, compared to the schedule shown in FIG. 9A, the time frame of the vehicle EV of the user whose user ID number is 3 is reduced by one, but the time frame of the other two vehicle EVs However, there is no change in every five. Therefore, when the schedule of FIG. 9A and the schedule of FIG. 9B are compared, the user whose ID number is 3 may be slightly dissatisfied, but the ID numbers are 1 and 2. It is considered unlikely that users will be dissatisfied.

Next, a specific schedule generation procedure of the schedule generation unit 1 in the present embodiment will be described. However, in the following explanation, i is a user ID number, j is a time frame number, r _i is a guarantee ratio for each user ID number, α _i is power for charging for each user ID number, D _i is the required charging time (number of time frames) for each user ID number, Q _i is the charging achievement rate for each user ID number, L is the contract power, S _i is the charging frame for each user ID number Number, Ecom _j is the power used in the time frame j other than the charging of the vehicle EV (hereinafter referred to as “common part power”), T _{in, i} , T _{out, i} are the return for each user ID number time and departure time, P _i is a constant indicating the priority of each user's ID number. X _ij is the state of charge in the time frame j for each user ID number, t _i is the shortage amount for the required amount (target charge amount B) for each user ID number, and V is the schedule execution in the second stage This is a variable for confirming the possibility.

First, as the first step, as shown in Fig. 10 (a), the objective function is to maximize the sum of the charge achievement rates (= charge amount / request amount <target charge amount B>) for each vehicle EV (user). Then, an optimal solution that maximizes the objective function is obtained under a predetermined constraint condition. That is, the charging time (number of time frames) for each user ID number that can achieve the charging request for r _i is estimated with respect to the user's required amount (target charging amount B). As a result of deriving the solution (charging time), if the charging request for r _i cannot be achieved, the derivation of the solution is repeated until the charging time when the charging achievement rate of each user ID number is decreased is achieved. The charging requirement for r _i determined in this way is guaranteed as the minimum condition.

  Next, as a second stage, the charging time for each user ID number is set as a batch, that is, the charging time for each user ID number is made continuous, as shown in FIG. A schedule is generated by finding an optimal solution that minimizes a variable V. At this time, if the charging time for each user ID number cannot be continued, the feasible solution (variable V) while decreasing the charging time (time frame) for each user ID number one by one. Repeat derivation until solution is obtained.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the charging time for each user ID number is batched, that is, a schedule is generated so that the charging time for each user ID number is continuous. The number of switching of RBi can be reduced, and the shortening of the life of remote control breaker RBi can be suppressed. Also, if the charging time (time frame) is reduced because the charging time for each user ID number cannot be continued in the second stage, it is assigned to an empty time frame after the batch schedule is generated. It is desirable to guarantee the charge of ri determined in the first stage.

  Incidentally, in the schedule shown in FIG. 9B, the vehicle EV of the user whose ID number is No. 3 is charged later than the vehicle EV of the user whose ID number is No. 1 and No. 2. At this time, if the vehicle EV of the user with the ID number 3 is to depart earlier than the scheduled departure time, the user has not reached the target charge amount B at the changed departure time. There is a high possibility of dissatisfaction.

Therefore, as described above, when the departure time T _{out, i} of the user whose user ID number is i becomes earlier, as a third stage, the schedule generation unit 1 determines the charge state x of the user's vehicle EV. _A schedule is generated by giving _ij a weight with an inclination at each time j (see FIG. 11). According to the schedule generated in this way, the vehicle EV whose departure time _{Tout, i} is earlier is charged preferentially, and user dissatisfaction can be suppressed.

  Here, you may memorize | store in the memory | storage part 4 the frequency | count that the control part 2 actually opened and closed the charging path (remote control breaker RBi). When the number of opening / closing operations stored in the storage unit 4 has exceeded the life of the remote control breaker RBi (for example, the number of opening / closing operations guaranteed by the specifications), the failure time of the remote control breaker RBi is predicted or the replacement time is notified. You may make it show to the information presentation part 6. FIG.

(Embodiment 4)
As described above, the schedule generation unit 1 predicts the power usage in each time slot (time frame) based on the past performance, season, weather, etc. of the power usage, and generates a schedule using the prediction result. Yes. However, the actual power usage does not always match the prediction result, and the actual power usage may increase or decrease from the prediction result.

  If the actual power consumption is higher than the predicted result, charging the vehicle EV according to the original schedule may cause the contracted power to be exceeded or the main breaker to trip. Therefore, in such a case, it is desirable to change the initial schedule and stop charging any of the vehicles EV that were scheduled to be charged.

  For example, in the initial schedule, as shown in FIG. 12 (a), it is predicted that there will be 2 squares of usable power in the 1st to 7th time frames, and the user ID number 1 The vehicle EV is charged in the 2nd to 5th time frames, the user's vehicle EV with the user ID number 2 is charged in the 3rd to 6th time frames, and the user ID number 3 Assume that the vehicle EV is charged in the seventh time frame. Then, at the time of actual charging, it is assumed that the power used increases immediately before or after the end of the third time frame, and the available power decreases from 2 cells to 1 cell. At this time, the schedule generation unit 1 selects the vehicle EV having the lowest priority order of the two vehicles EV scheduled to be charged in the fourth time frame, for example, the user ID number 1 The charging of the vehicle EV is stopped, and the schedule is changed so that the vehicle EV of the user whose user ID number is 1 is charged instead in the sixth time frame (see FIG. 12B). Therefore, in the schedule after the change, the vehicle EV to be charged in the fourth time frame is reduced from the original two to one, so there is no possibility of exceeding the contracted power or tripping the main breaker. .

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 13 (a), in the initial schedule, there is one available power for each of the first to third time frames, and each available power for the fourth to seventh time frames. It is predicted that there will be 2 squares each, the user's vehicle EV with the user ID number 1 will be charged in the 1st to 4th time frames, and the user's vehicle EV with the user ID number 2 will be 4 ~ It is assumed that the vehicle EV of the user whose user ID number is 3 is charged in the seventh time frame and charged in the fifth to seventh time frames. Then, at the time of actual charging, it is assumed that the power used decreases immediately before or after the end of the second time frame and the available power increases from one cell to two cells. At this time, the schedule generation unit 1 selects the vehicle EV having the higher priority order of the two vehicles EV that were not scheduled to be charged in the third time frame, for example, the user ID number 2 The schedule is changed so that the vehicle EV is charged in the third time frame (see FIG. 13B). Therefore, in the schedule after the change, the number of vehicles EV to be charged in the third time frame is increased from the initial one to two, so that each vehicle EV can be charged efficiently.

  Here, the vehicle EV to which the increase in available power is allocated does not necessarily have to be the vehicle EV having a higher priority. For example, in the initial schedule shown in FIG. 13 (a), it is assumed that the vehicle EV with the user ID number 2 is charged in the 4th to 7th time frames and the charge achievement rate is 100%. To do. In this case, rather than changing the seventh time frame assigned to the vehicle EV with the user ID number 2 to the third time frame, the vehicle EV having a lower priority than the vehicle EV, that is, It is preferable to assign a third time frame to the vehicle EV having the user ID number 3. In this way, the schedule generator 1 changes the schedule so as to preferentially charge a vehicle EV having a relatively low target charge amount B (charging achievement rate) among the vehicles EV having a relatively high priority. By doing so, it is possible to improve the charging achievement rate of the latter vehicle EV and to avoid changing the schedule for the former vehicle EV.

(Embodiment 5)
As described in the first and second embodiments, a priority is assigned to each vehicle EV (actually, for each user of each vehicle EV) and stored in the storage unit 4 of the charge control device. However, different priorities are not assigned to each vehicle EV, but, for example, the first to third priorities are assigned to each vehicle EV. That is, all the vehicles EV are distributed into a group with the first priority, a group with the second priority, and a group with the third priority. Furthermore, a rank (priority) in the group is assigned to a plurality of vehicles EV belonging to the same group.

  Here, even for the vehicles EV belonging to the same group, the return time and the departure time are different for each vehicle EV. Therefore, even if the vehicle EV has a higher rank in the group, for example, the vehicle EV with a later return time has a lower charge amount (charge achievement rate) than the vehicle EV with a faster return time.

  Therefore, in the schedule generation unit 1 in the present embodiment, based on the actual charge amount (charge achievement rate) for each vehicle EV, the charge amount (charge achievement rate) results among the vehicle EVs belonging to the same group. A schedule is generated to preferentially charge low EV vehicles. For example, it is assumed that the past performance (average value) of the charging achievement rate of each vehicle EV is 40%, 45%, and 35% for three vehicles EV belonging to the same group. At this time, the schedule generating unit 1 generates the next schedule so that the vehicle EV having the lowest past record (35%) is preferentially charged. The possibility of dissatisfaction can be reduced.

(Embodiment 6)
As already described, the schedule generation unit 1 of the charging control device generates a schedule based on the ID number of each user and the charging reservation information of the vehicle EV used by each user. However, there are cases where charging cannot be performed according to the original schedule because the contents of the charging reservation information (for example, return time, departure time, etc.) have been changed, or the vehicle EV has not returned at the reserved return time. is there. In this way, when it is predicted that a schedule that has already been generated cannot be executed because one of the vehicles EV cannot be charged, the schedule generation unit 1 regenerates a schedule for charging other vehicles EV other than the vehicle EV. It is preferable to do.

  Here, in the regenerated schedule, the charging of the vehicle EV that was charged according to the original schedule is stopped, and there is a possibility that the number of times of opening and closing the remote control breaker RBi is increased compared to the original schedule.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, when the schedule generation unit 1 regenerates the schedule, the schedule is regenerated so that the vehicle EV being charged is continuously charged at the time of regeneration. That is, as described in the third embodiment, x _ij (charging state in the time frame j for each user ID number) is a variable before the return time T _{in, i} and after the departure time T _{out, i.} Zero (charging off), and takes a value of zero or one (charging on or off) in the period from return time T _{in, i} to departure time T _{out, i} . Therefore, when the schedule generation unit 1 regenerates the schedule, if the optimal solution is obtained by giving 1 to the decision variable x _ij for the user ID number that is charging on at that time, charging is in progress at the time of regeneration. The schedule can be regenerated so that the vehicle EV is continuously charged (see FIG. 10 (a)).

  For example, in the initial schedule, as shown in FIG. 14 (a), it is predicted that there will be 2 grids of usable power in the first to seventh time frames, and the user ID number 1 The vehicle EV is charged in the 2nd to 5th time frames, the user's vehicle EV with the user ID number 2 is charged in the 3rd to 6th time frames, and the user ID number 3 Assume that the vehicle EV is charged in the sixth to seventh time frames, and the vehicle EV of the user whose user ID number is 4 is charged in the seventh time frame. When the vehicle EV of the user whose user ID number is 2 does not return by the scheduled return time (start time of the second time frame), the schedule generation unit 1 regenerates the schedule. In this case, in the regenerated schedule, the vehicle EV (the vehicle of the user whose user ID number is 1) that was being charged in the second time frame is the third as shown in FIG. 14 (b). It will continue to charge even during the time frame. If the vehicle EV of the user with the user ID number 1 is charged off in the third time frame, the users with the user ID numbers 3 and 4 in the third time frame There is a high possibility that the schedule for recharging the vehicle EV will be regenerated. As a result, the number of open / close operations of the remote control breaker RBi connected to the vehicle EV of the user whose user ID number is No. 1 increases. Note that the return time of the vehicle EV of the user whose user ID number is 2 can be arbitrarily determined by the schedule generation unit 1.

In addition, in the schedule that is regenerated as described above, the charge amount (or charge achievement rate) of the user's vehicle EV that has not changed the charge reservation information or the vehicle EV that has returned as scheduled has decreased. There is a possibility. Therefore, in the process of the second stage shown in FIG. 10 (b), the schedule generation unit 1, a charging frame number S _i for each user ID number, there is a delay such changes and return time of charge reservation information For user ID numbers other than the user ID number, it is preferable to regenerate the schedule without changing from the original schedule. Thereby, in the regenerated schedule, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the charge amount (or charge achievement rate) of the vehicle EV of the user who has not changed the charge reservation information or the vehicle EV that has returned as scheduled. . However, when the optimal solution cannot be obtained by changing the constraint conditions as described above, the schedule generation unit 1 gives the requested amount ( It is preferable to present to the information presentation unit 6 that it is necessary to review the conditions such as the target charge amount B).

(Embodiment 7)
Some electric vehicles (including plug-in hybrid vehicles; the same applies hereinafter) include power sources for in-vehicle devices such as lighting devices (headlights) and air conditioners (air conditioners), and power sources for motors for running. There is a battery that uses a single storage battery. Such an electric vehicle is equipped with a function (referred to as a pre-air-conditioning function) for operating an air-conditioning apparatus at a preset time, similarly to a home air conditioner. When pre-air conditioning is performed, if the power supply path (charging path) to the electric vehicle is opened, the power of the storage battery is consumed and falls below the target charging amount B.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the schedule generation unit 1 generates a schedule that does not open a charging path in a time zone in which pre-air conditioning is performed, that is, charging is performed for the vehicle EV that is set to perform pre-air conditioning. To be.

For example, when the user makes a next charge reservation, a setting input indicating that pre-air conditioning is performed 30 minutes before the departure time is received by the operation input receiving unit 5, and the setting of the pre-air conditioning (time for executing pre-air conditioning is performed). Band) is stored in the storage unit 4 together with other charging reservation information. When the charge reservation information stored in the storage unit 4 includes the execution time zone of pre-air conditioning, the schedule generation unit 1 gives 1 to the decision variable x _ij in the execution time zone to obtain the optimal solution. If required, a schedule for charging the vehicle EV of the user in the execution time period can be generated. However, since the charge-on control in the pre-air conditioning execution time zone is charging (power feeding) for pre-air conditioning rather than for storage battery charging, the execution time zone does not affect the charging achievement rate. .

Here, it is preferable to avoid a situation in which the charging time of the vehicle EV that is performing pre-air conditioning and the other vehicle EV is shortened by power supply (charging) for pre-air conditioning. For this purpose, after the schedule generation unit 1 generates the schedule without considering the execution time period of the pre-air-conditioning, without changing the charging frame number S _i of each user, the decision variables x _ij in the execution time period What is necessary is just to regenerate a schedule by giving 1 and re-determining an optimal solution.

  As described above, in response to a request from the vehicle EV (execution of pre-air conditioning), the schedule generation unit 1 sets a schedule so that power is continuously supplied even after the vehicle EV is charged to the target charge amount B. By generating, it is possible to suppress the consumption of the already charged power without affecting the charging of each vehicle EV.

  However, if the optimal solution cannot be obtained by the above-described procedure, whether the schedule generation unit 1 executes pre-air conditioning even if it consumes the power charged in the storage battery for the user who reserved the execution of pre-air conditioning. It is preferable to cause the information presenting unit 6 to present a message for confirming whether or not.

(Embodiment 8)
Some electric vehicles have a function (charging timer function) that controls charging so that charging is performed in the late-night time when the electricity bill is cheaper than daytime. Since the vehicle EV in which the charging timer function is set is not charged outside the charging time zone set by the timer, the vehicle EV is not charged even if the charging path is closed by the charging control device. Therefore, it is necessary for the schedule generation unit 1 to generate a schedule so that the charging path is closed within the range of the charging time zone for the vehicle EV in which the charging timer function is set.

For example, when the user makes a next charge reservation, the operation input reception unit 5 receives the charge time zone set for the vehicle EV and stores the timer setting (charge time zone) together with other charge reservation information. Stored in part 4. And when the charge time slot | zone is contained in the charge reservation information memorize | stored in the memory | storage part 4, the schedule production | generation part 1 sets the return time T _{in, i} and the departure time T _{out, i in the} said charge reservation information, respectively. The optimal solution is obtained by setting the start time and end time of the charging time zone. As a result, a schedule is generated such that the vehicle EV for which the charging timer function is set is charged only in the charging time zone.

CT charge control device 1 schedule generation unit 2 control unit 3 power measurement unit 4 storage unit 5 operation input reception unit 6 information presentation unit

Claims (25)

A charge control device that controls the amount of charge when charging the storage batteries of a plurality of vehicles each equipped with a storage battery using power supplied from a power system to a building,
Closing a schedule generating section for generating a schedule for charging the battery before Symbol plurality of vehicles, in accordance with the schedule generated by the schedule generating section, a charging path to all or part of the vehicle of the plurality of vehicles And a controller for turning on and off the charging of each vehicle,
The schedule generation unit, in that the distributing before Symbol each vehicle, wherein the target charge amount for each vehicle, the schedule for charging until the charging amount obtained by subtracting a margin amount which is a shortage with respect to the target state of charge A charge control device that generates the charge control device. A power measuring unit that measures the amount of power consumed by load equipment other than the vehicle;
The schedule generation unit generates the schedule for allocating the difference between the maximum power that can be received from the power system and the power measured by the power measurement unit to each vehicle according to time zones. The charge control device according to claim 1. The charge control device according to claim 2 , wherein the schedule generation unit sets the margin amount in all the vehicles to an equal value . A remaining amount information acquisition unit that acquires information on a remaining amount of a storage battery of the vehicle from the vehicle, wherein the schedule generation unit is a difference between the remaining amount of the storage battery and the target charge amount for each vehicle based on the information; The charge control device according to claim 2 , wherein the margin is set at a constant ratio . The charging control device according to claim 2 , wherein the schedule generation unit sets the margin amount to a certain ratio with respect to the target charging amount for each vehicle . An operation input receiving unit for receiving an operation input of a user who uses the vehicle;
The charging control device according to claim 2 , wherein the schedule generation unit sets the target charge amount based on an operation input received by the operation input reception unit . The charging control device according to claim 2 , wherein the schedule generation unit sets a charging capacity of a storage battery of each vehicle as the target charging amount for each vehicle . A storage unit for storing the target charge amount for each vehicle;
The charge control device according to claim 2 , wherein the schedule generation unit generates the schedule using the target charge amount stored in the storage unit. A storage unit for storing the past charge amount for each vehicle;
The charge control device according to claim 2 , wherein the schedule generation unit sets the target charge amount based on the past charge amount results stored in the storage unit. . A storage unit for storing the priority assigned to each vehicle;
The charge control device according to claim 2 , wherein the schedule generation unit generates the schedule based on the priority order stored in the storage unit. The storage unit stores a plurality of types of priority assigned to each vehicle,
The charge control device according to claim 10 , wherein the schedule generation unit generates the schedule based on the plurality of types of priorities stored in the storage unit. An operation input receiving unit that receives an operation input of a user who uses the vehicle, a storage unit that stores a past charge amount record for each vehicle, and an information presentation unit that presents information to the user. ,
The schedule generation unit sets the target charge amount based on an operation input received by the operation input reception unit, and estimates a ratio between a charge amount obtained by subtracting the margin amount from the target charge amount and the target charge amount The charge control device according to claim 2 , wherein the information presenting unit is caused to present the ratio . An information presentation unit for presenting information to a user who uses the vehicle;
The charge control device according to any one of claims 2 to 12 , wherein the schedule generation unit causes the information presentation unit to present information related to the schedule in response to a request from the user . The schedule generation unit collects the charge amount for each vehicle obtained by subtracting the margin amount from the target charge amount, and the vehicle that has started charging is continuously charged. the charge control device according to any one of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that to produce a. The said schedule production | generation part produces | generates the said schedule which allocated the said difference to each said vehicle in a relatively early time slot | zone, when there exist multiple time slots which can be allocated to charge of the said vehicle. the charge control device according to any one of 2 to 13. A storage unit for storing the priority assigned to each vehicle;
When the schedule generation unit changes the schedule that has already been generated because the power measured by the power measurement unit has increased, the schedule generation unit continues to charge the vehicle with the relatively low priority stored in the storage unit. The charging control apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the schedule is changed so as to be turned once . A storage unit for storing the priority assigned to each vehicle;
When changing the schedule that has already been generated because the power measured by the power measurement unit has decreased, the schedule generation unit first charges the vehicle with the relatively high priority stored in the storage unit. The charging control apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the schedule is changed to be performed as follows . The schedule generation unit may change the schedule so as to preferentially charge the vehicle having the relatively low target charge amount among the vehicles having the relatively high priority. Item 18. The charge control device according to Item 17 . Each vehicle is allocated to a plurality of groups, and includes a storage unit that stores a priority assigned to each of the plurality of groups,
The schedule generator is configured to preferentially charge the vehicle having a low charge amount among the vehicles belonging to the same group based on the actual charge amount of each vehicle. It produces | generates , The charge control apparatus of any one of Claims 2-13 characterized by the above-mentioned. The schedule generation unit regenerates a schedule for charging other vehicles other than the vehicle when it is predicted that the schedule already generated cannot be executed because any of the vehicles cannot be charged. The charge control device according to any one of claims 2 to 13 . The charging according to claim 20 , wherein when the schedule is regenerated, the schedule generating unit regenerates the schedule so as to continuously charge the vehicle being charged at the time of the regeneration. Control device. 21. The charge control according to claim 20 , wherein, when the schedule is regenerated, the schedule generation unit regenerates the schedule so as not to change the charge amount of a vehicle other than the vehicle that cannot be charged. apparatus. The schedule generation unit, in response to a request from the vehicle, according to claim the vehicle is characterized in that also generates the schedule to be powered continuously after being charged to the charge amount from 2 to 13 The charge control device according to any one of the above. The schedule generation unit, the charging control apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 13, characterized in that to generate the schedule to charge the vehicle at the time allowed zone from the vehicle. The charging control device according to claim 2, further comprising a storage unit that stores the number of times the control unit actually opens and closes the charging path.

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