JP5646640B2 - 光子検出器 - Google Patents
光子検出器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5646640B2 JP5646640B2 JP2012537444A JP2012537444A JP5646640B2 JP 5646640 B2 JP5646640 B2 JP 5646640B2 JP 2012537444 A JP2012537444 A JP 2012537444A JP 2012537444 A JP2012537444 A JP 2012537444A JP 5646640 B2 JP5646640 B2 JP 5646640B2
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000098 azimuthal photoelectron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008310 Si—Ge Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005433 particle physics related processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier
- H01L31/107—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier the potential barrier working in avalanche mode, e.g. avalanche photodiodes
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
Description
WO2008/104799
Claims (15)
- アバランシェフォトダイオードと、
前記アバランシェフォトダイオードのための電圧源と、を具備し、
前記アバランシェフォトダイオードは、シリコンまたはそのヘテロ構造を具備し、
前記電圧源は、時間に関して静的な電圧成分と時間と共に変化する電圧成分とで、前記アバランシェフォトダイオードにバイアスをかけ、続く期間で前記アバランシェフォトダイオードにその降伏電圧以上及び以下でバイアスをかける交互バイアスが提供され、時間に関して静的な前記電圧成分はDCバイアスであり、前記交互バイアスは周期的に変化するAC変調バイアスであり、AC変調は100ns未満の周期を有し、
さらに、
前記アバランシェフォトダイオードからの出力信号を受け取り、前記出力信号から時間変化する成分を取り除くために前記出力信号を処理する出力回路を具備し、該出力回路は、
前記出力信号を2つの部分に分離する信号分割器と、
前記2つの部分のうちのある部分を他の部分に対して遅延させ、遅延部分と非遅延部分とを作り出す電線と、
前記遅延部分と前記非遅延部分との間での差を出力し、それぞれの期間に現れる、前記出力信号の時間変化成分が前記出力信号から除かれる信号差分器と、
複数の所定レベルの間において、前記出力回路によって取り除かれた前記時間変化成分で、前記アバランシェフォトダイオードからの出力信号を識別し、前記アバランシェフォトダイオードによって吸収された光子数を判定する回路と、
を具備する光子検出システム。 - 時間に関して変化する電圧は、1ボルトより大きな振幅を持っている請求項1の光子検出システム。
- 前記DCバイアスは、アバランシェフォトダイオードの降伏電圧よりも大きな値を有している請求項1の光子検出システム。
- 前記アバランシェフォトダイオードにかけるバイアス電圧は、それぞれのゲート周期の間、最高値で前記アバランシェフォトダイオードの降伏電圧より大きく、最低値で前記アバランシェフォトダイオードの降伏電圧よりも小さい、前記全ての請求項の光子検出システム。
- 前記出力回路は、ゲーティングバイアス周期の前半と後半での前記アバランシェフォトダイオードの出力電圧を合成する請求項1の光子検出システム。
- 前記出力回路は、
前記信号を2つの部分に分離する信号分割器と、
ある部分を他の部分に対して遅延させる電線と、
前記2つの部分間での差を出力する信号差分器を具備する請求項1の光子検出システム。 - 前記遅延は、整数個のゲート周期である請求項6に記載の光子検出システム。
- 前記出力回路は、
前記信号を2つの部分に分離する信号分割器と、
前記2つの部分のうちの1つの位相を180度シフトする位相シフターまたは信号インバーターと、
前記2つの部分の和を出力する信号合成器と、を具備する請求項1の光子検出システム。 - 変調の周期は時間の関数として変化する請求項1の光子検出システム。
- 前記2つの部分の強度の平衡を保つコントローラーをさらに具備する請求項6の光子検出システム。
- 前記遅延の長さを変化させるコントローラーをさらに具備する請求項6の光子検出システム。
- 前記アバランシェフォトダイオードの温度を低下させるクーラーをさらに具備する前記全ての請求項の光子検出システム。
- 多数の前記アバランシェフォトダイオードをさらに具備する前記全ての請求項の光子検出システム。
- シリコンまたはそのヘテロ構造を具備するアバランシェフォトダイオードを提供することと、
時間に関して静的な電圧成分と時間と共に変化する電圧成分とで、前記アバランシェフォトダイオードにバイアスを印加し、続く期間で前記アバランシェフォトダイオードにその降伏電圧以上及び以下でバイアスをかける交互バイアスが提供され、時間に関して静的な前記電圧成分はDCバイアスであり、前記交互バイアスは周期的に変化するAC変調バイアスであり、AC変調は100ns未満の周期を有し、前記アバランシェフォトダイオードは出力信号を生成し、
前記出力信号から時間変化する成分を取り除くために前記出力信号を処理し、
前記出力信号を2つの部分に分離し、
複数の所定レベルの間において、取り除かれた前記時間変化成分で、前記出力信号を識別し、前記アバランシェフォトダイオードによって吸収された光子数を判定する、光子を検出する方法。 - 単一周期で検出される光子数を計算する回路をさらに具備する請求項1乃至請求項13のいずれか1つの光子検出システム。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0919588.4 | 2009-11-09 | ||
GB0919588A GB2475235B (en) | 2009-11-09 | 2009-11-09 | A photon detector |
PCT/GB2010/002049 WO2011055126A2 (en) | 2009-11-09 | 2010-11-08 | A photon detector |
Publications (2)
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JP2013510305A JP2013510305A (ja) | 2013-03-21 |
JP5646640B2 true JP5646640B2 (ja) | 2014-12-24 |
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JP2012537444A Active JP5646640B2 (ja) | 2009-11-09 | 2010-11-08 | 光子検出器 |
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US (1) | US8841596B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5646640B2 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2475235B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011055126A2 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022212002A1 (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-10-06 | Beijing Voyager Technology Co., Ltd. | Feed-forward equalization for enhanced distance resolution |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2447254B (en) | 2007-03-01 | 2009-10-14 | Toshiba Res Europ Ltd | A photon detector |
US8716647B2 (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2014-05-06 | Nxp, B.V. | Analog silicon photomultiplier using phase detection |
CN102564584B (zh) * | 2011-11-25 | 2013-10-30 | 华东师范大学 | 高灵敏度量子效应光电探测器等效电路的建模方法 |
CN102980670A (zh) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-03-20 | 广东汉唐量子光电科技有限公司 | 一种级联的单光子探测的噪声抑制装置 |
JPWO2014181370A1 (ja) * | 2013-05-07 | 2017-02-23 | 稔 上猶 | 光通信用受信装置、光通信装置および光通信方法 |
JP6223881B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-18 | 2017-11-01 | 株式会社東芝 | 光検出器 |
WO2016154594A1 (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2016-09-29 | Dynamic Photonics, Inc. | Control circuits for dynamically biased avalanche photodiodes |
JP7152209B2 (ja) * | 2017-07-20 | 2022-10-12 | キヤノンメディカルシステムズ株式会社 | X線ct装置 |
US10616512B2 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2020-04-07 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Systems, methods, and media for high dynamic range imaging using dead-time-limited single photon detectors |
DE102018124123B4 (de) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-02-18 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Verfahren zur Auswertung eines Einzelphotonen-Detektorsignals sowie Mikroskopsystem, Konfokalmikroskopsystem oder Raster-Konfokalmikroskopsystem |
CN112393810B (zh) * | 2019-08-16 | 2022-02-18 | 华为技术有限公司 | 单光子探测装置和方法 |
JP2023522403A (ja) * | 2020-04-24 | 2023-05-30 | ライカ マイクロシステムズ シーエムエス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | N個の光子事象を計数するように構成された方法および装置 |
KR20220049195A (ko) * | 2020-10-14 | 2022-04-21 | 주식회사 케이티 | 단일 광자 검출 장치 및 구동 방법 |
CN118190182A (zh) * | 2023-03-10 | 2024-06-14 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | 自适应温度及tec性能变化的单光子探测器制冷控制方法及系统 |
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US5721424A (en) * | 1996-06-10 | 1998-02-24 | Alcatel Network Systems, Inc. | Avalanche photodiode apparatus biased with a modulating power signal |
US6218657B1 (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2001-04-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | System for gated detection of optical pulses containing a small number of photons using an avalanche photodiode |
JP4724874B2 (ja) * | 2003-09-17 | 2011-07-13 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 光子検出装置および光子検出方法 |
US7705284B2 (en) * | 2006-03-06 | 2010-04-27 | Nihon University | High-speed single-photon detector in telecommunication wavelength band |
GB2447254B (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2009-10-14 | Toshiba Res Europ Ltd | A photon detector |
GB2456149B (en) | 2008-01-03 | 2012-05-30 | Toshiba Res Europ Ltd | A photon detection system and a method of photon detection |
GB2457238B (en) * | 2008-02-05 | 2011-01-19 | Toshiba Res Europ Ltd | A random number generator and random number generating method |
-
2009
- 2009-11-09 GB GB0919588A patent/GB2475235B/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-10-18 US US12/906,624 patent/US8841596B2/en active Active
- 2010-11-08 WO PCT/GB2010/002049 patent/WO2011055126A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-11-08 JP JP2012537444A patent/JP5646640B2/ja active Active
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022212002A1 (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-10-06 | Beijing Voyager Technology Co., Ltd. | Feed-forward equalization for enhanced distance resolution |
US12117566B2 (en) | 2021-03-29 | 2024-10-15 | Beijing Voyager Technology Co., Ltd. | Feed-forward equalization for enhanced distance resolution |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2013510305A (ja) | 2013-03-21 |
WO2011055126A3 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
US8841596B2 (en) | 2014-09-23 |
WO2011055126A2 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
GB0919588D0 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
GB2475235B (en) | 2014-01-08 |
GB2475235A (en) | 2011-05-18 |
US20110108712A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
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