JP5624229B1 - Oil palm by-product processing method and edible - Google Patents

Abstract

Extract fruit from oil palm bunches, and use fruit fiber residue and drainage produced as a by-product when pressing this fruit to extract crude palm oil. Separation step (1) for removing pulp fiber residue by removing, residual oil extraction step (2) for extracting residual oil of crude palm oil by squeezing by-products mainly consisting of empty fruit bunches, and concentrating the effluent The concentration step (3), the mixing step (4) in which the pulp fiber residue obtained in the separation step is mixed with the concentrated solution concentrated in the concentration step, and a mixture is generated, and the mixture generated in the mixing step is dried. And a drying step (5) for producing edible food.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for treating an oil palm by-product that produces edible food using pulp fiber residue and drainage liquid that are separated when crude palm oil is extracted from oil palm, and edible food produced by the method.

In general, as shown in FIG. 6, when producing palm oil from harvested fruit bunches (FFB), oil palm bunches are steamed into fruits and empty fruit bunches (EFB) by a stripper. To be separated. The fruit is squeezed by a press (A-1), separated into squeezed juice and squeezed residue, and crude palm oil is extracted from the squeezed juice (A-2). In this case, the squeezed sludge is removed, the oil is collected as crude palm oil by a centrifugal separator or the like, and the rest is drained (POME).
Crude palm oil is refined by a refiner to become palm oil. On the other hand, the pressing residue mainly includes a pulp fiber residue and other skin residue such as fruit skin and seed skin, and is dried to some extent by a dryer and then pulverized by a pulverizer.

According to the “Oil World” document, the cultivated area of oil palm is 12,824,000 ha as of 2010, of which Indonesia is 7,740,000 ha, Malaysia is 4,130,000 ha, and others are 2,954,000 ha. Yes, 770 million tons of empty fruit bunches (EFB) and 1.5 billion tons of drainage (POME) are discharged annually, and a huge amount of methane gas is released into the atmosphere.
By the way, in this palm oil producing country, the effluent as a by-product is mainly discarded, but from the viewpoint of effective use, the effluent as a by-product has been concentrated in the past. Techniques for making edible foods such as feed or fertilizers have been proposed.
Examples of this type of concentration technique include, for example, a method of spraying and evaporating by heating (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-51476), a method of concentrating using a reverse osmosis membrane (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-269639), and under reduced pressure. There is a method of heating (JP-A-8-84985) and the like.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-51476 JP-A-6-269639 JP-A-8-84985

However, when the concentrated solution concentrated by the above conventional concentration method is used as edible food, for example, as a feed, it is in a paste form, and handling is complicated, and it is used as it is. There was a problem that it was difficult.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and is capable of taking out the concentrated liquid as a solid, facilitating handling and easily using it as an edible product, and a method thereof The purpose is to provide edible food produced by the method.

In order to achieve such an object, the method for treating an oil palm by-product of the present invention is a method for treating by-products containing empty fruit bunches, pulp fiber residues, and drainage that are by-produced when extracting crude palm oil from oil coconut bunches. Of these, at least the drainage and the pulp fiber residue are mixed and dried to produce edible food.
The pressing residue of the fruit after pressing the fruit with a pressing machine to extract the crude palm oil mainly includes a pulp fiber residue, and also includes skin residues such as fruit skin and seed skin. The inventor paid attention to the pulp fiber residue and completed the invention. That is, the pulp fiber absorbs the drainage easily and may be digested, but the peel fiber does not absorb the drainage and is difficult to digest, so it must be separated. Since the pulp fiber residue is different in size and specific gravity from the peel residue such as fruit peel and seed peel, the peel residue is removed from the pressed residue as much as possible by a separator to effectively use the pulp fiber residue.
The drainage is mainly from fruit juice, but it may contain waste liquid generated when the fruit is taken out from the fruit bunch and waste liquid when processing the residue.

  Thereby, since the pulp fiber is fibrous, it is rich in absorbency, so that the drainage penetrates and mixes in the pulp fiber. The effluent contains organic matter and is rich in nutrients such as starch and sugar components, and the edible food produced by drying it is rich in nutritional value and is excellent in digestibility because it is fibrous. Moreover, since it is in the form of a fibrous powder, it is easy to handle. Therefore, for example, it can be used as it is or mixed with other feeds.

The present invention is a method for treating an oil palm by-product using a pulp fiber residue and drainage produced as a by-product when extracting fruit from an oil palm bunch and extracting the crude palm oil by pressing the fruit,
The separation step of removing the peel residue as much as possible from the pressed residue of the fruit to obtain a pulp fiber residue, the concentration step of concentrating the drainage, and the concentrated solution obtained in the concentration step were obtained in the separation step The mixture includes a mixing step of mixing pulp fiber residues to generate a mixture, and a drying step of drying the mixture generated in the mixing step to generate edible food .
In this way, since the drainage is concentrated, the organic matter in the drainage is condensed, so the density of nutrients such as starch and sugar components is increased. Therefore, this drainage is mixed with pulp fiber residue. The nutritional value of can be further improved.

Moreover, this invention can also be set as the method of concentrating so that content of the organic substance of a concentrate may become 10 to 30 weight% at the said concentration process.
If it does in this way, a nutrient can be condensed reliably and the nutritional value of edible can be improved further.

This invention can also be set as the method of mixing 3-10 weight part of said concentrates with respect to 1 weight part of said pulp fiber residues at the said mixing process.
If it does in this way, the nutrient of a drainage can be united reliably in a pulp fiber. Moreover, since it concentrates before mixing, the amount of moisture has decreased so much and the burden in a drying process can be reduced.

The present invention comprises a residual oil extraction step of extracting the residual oil of crude palm oil by squeezing the by-product mainly comprising the empty fruit bunch, and in the mixing step, the residual oil extracted in the residual oil extraction step It can also be set as the method of adding to the said concentrate and pulp fiber residue.
In this way, the fruit fruits that are separated and produced as a by-product when extracting the crude palm oil are left unattached fruits, so that the by-products, mainly empty fruit bunches, are squeezed. When processed, the residual oil of crude palm oil is extracted. Since the residual oil of this crude palm oil is mixed, the nutritional component of this residual oil can be reflected in edible food, and the nutritional value of edible food can be further improved. Further, since the residual oil is used, there is no waste and labor saving can be achieved.

  In this case, in the mixing step, it is effective to mix 3 to 10 parts by weight of the concentrated liquid and 0.1 to 1 part by weight of the residual oil with respect to 1 part by weight of the pulp fiber residue. When the amount of residual oil exceeds 1 part by weight, the oil component becomes excessive. Moreover, since it is a residual oil, its production amount is small, but this can be utilized to the maximum extent.

  Moreover, this invention can also be set as the method of producing edible food by drying a mixture until the moisture content will be 15 weight% or less, desirably 13 weight% or less at the said drying process. If it does in this way, while becoming easy to handle, it becomes useful mainly as feed.

  The edible product of the present invention is produced by being treated by the above-described method for treating oil palm by-products. The edible product of the present invention can be used as various edible products, but in particular, when used as feed, it can be easily used as it is or mixed with other feeds.

  According to the present invention, the effluent and pulp fiber residue are mixed and dried to produce edible food. Since the pulp fiber is fibrous, it is highly absorbent, so that the effluent efficiently penetrates into the fruit fiber. Can be mixed. The effluent contains organic matter and is rich in nutrients such as starch and sugar components, and the edible food produced by drying it is rich in nutritional value and is excellent in digestibility because it is fibrous. Moreover, since it is in the form of a fibrous powder, it is easy to handle. Therefore, for example, it can be used as it is or mixed with other feeds.

1 is an overall schematic diagram of a palm oil production system for processing an oil palm byproduct according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a system figure for enforcing the processing method of the oil palm by-product concerning an embodiment of the invention. It is process drawing which shows the processing method of the oil palm by-product which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a component table | surface which shows the component of the drainage used in the Example of this invention. It is a component table | surface which shows the component of the edible which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a general process drawing which extracts crude palm oil from an oil palm fruit bunch.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the palm oil production system shown in FIG. 1, oil palm fruit bunches cultivated in the oil palm farm 1 are harvested, and crude palm oil is extracted from the fruit bunches in the palm oil factory 2. When extracting this crude palm oil, by-products including empty fruit bunch, pulp fiber residue and drainage are by-produced, and these are processed by the processing method S of oil palm by-product according to the embodiment of the present invention described later. Do. In the oil palm by-product processing method S according to this embodiment, edible food using this by-product is manufactured.

  In the processing method S of the oil palm by-product, empty fruit bunch residues, mainly empty fruit bunch, are produced as a by-product, and low concentration drainage is produced as a by-product. The empty fruit bunch residue is used as fuel for the boiler device 3. In the boiler device 3, high-temperature gas and steam are generated, and these are used as a heat source in the processing method S of oil palm by-product described later. Moreover, in the boiler apparatus 3, the electric power generation by the generator 4 using steam can be performed. Furthermore, in the boiler apparatus 3, incineration ash is by-produced by combustion of empty fruit bunch residues. Incinerated ash includes dust ash collected from combustion exhaust.

  In the palm oil production system, a part of the low-concentration effluent produced as a by-product in the processing method S for oil palm by-products, the incinerated ash produced as a by-product in the boiler device 3, and the chicken manure coming out of the poultry farm To produce fertilizer. This fertilizer is applied to the oil palm at the oil palm farm 1. As described above, in this palm oil production system, oil by-products are used to produce edible (feed), and fertilizer is produced and used for oil palm cultivation. Is effectively used and recycled. In addition, the oil palm farm 1 is prone to oil palm continuous cropping failure. However, since fertilizer is applied, this fertilizer uses oil palm by-products and contains a lot of phosphate components from chicken manure and is rich in active ingredients. Because of this, it works very effectively on oil palm and can prevent continuous cropping failures.

Next, the processing method S of the oil palm by-product which concerns on embodiment of this invention is demonstrated.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the processing method S for the oil palm by-product includes, among the by-products including empty fruit bunches, pulp fiber residues, and drainage liquids that are separated when crude palm oil is extracted from the coconut coconut bunches. At least the drainage and the pulp fiber residue are mixed and dried to produce edible food.
As described above, when producing palm oil from harvested fruit bunches (FFB), the fruit bunches are first steamed and separated into fruits and empty fruit bunches (EFB) by a stripper. The fruit is squeezed by a press (not shown), and crude palm oil is extracted from the squeezed juice. In this case, the squeezed sludge is removed, the oil is collected as crude palm oil by a centrifugal separator or the like, and the remainder is by-produced as drainage (POME). Crude palm oil is refined by a refiner to become palm oil.

As shown in FIG. 3, the processing method S for the oil palm by-product according to the present embodiment includes a separation step (1) for removing pulp residue as much as possible from the pressed residue of fruit to obtain a pulp fiber residue, and an empty fruit bunch. A residual oil extraction step (2) for extracting the residual oil of the crude palm oil by compressing the main by-product, a concentration step (3) for concentrating the effluent, and a separation step for the concentrated liquid concentrated in the concentration step The mixing step (4) for producing the mixture by mixing the pulp fiber residues obtained in (1) and the drying step (5) for producing the edible food by drying the mixture produced in the mixing step. Hereinafter, each step will be described in detail.
(1) Separation process
Pressing a residue obtained pressure squeeze machine, mainly the pulp fiber residue, Other intended to include skin residue, such as fruit skin and seeds skin was partially dried in an oven, is ground in a grinder.
Since the pulp fiber residue used in the embodiment is different in size and specific gravity from the skin residue such as fruit skin and seed skin, these skin residues are separated from the pressed residue by the separator 5 (fiber sorting) as shown in FIG. It is preferable to remove as much as possible. The drainage is mainly from fruit juice, but includes waste liquid generated when the fruit is taken out from the fruit bunch and waste liquid when processing the residue.

(2) Residual oil extraction process The crushing / squeezing device 6 for crushing by-products mainly consisting of empty fruit bunches and pressing the crushed material is used. As described above, the crushing / oiling device 6 is supplied with the steam generated by the boiler device 3, and the crushed material is heated by the steam to facilitate oil extraction. Thereby, the residual oil of crude palm oil is extracted and stored in the tank 6a.

(3) Concentration step The effluent is concentrated. The drainage liquid is stored in the tank 7 and contains oil, starch, fructose, plant fiber, and moisture. It is desirable to separate sludge and sludge by filtration before concentration. Examples of the concentration method include, for example, a method of spraying waste liquid and applying hot air to this to heat and evaporate, a method of concentrating using a reverse osmosis membrane, a method of heating under reduced pressure, and the like. The filtration type concentration device 8 is used.
In the concentrating device 8, a stainless steel 500 to 1,500 mesh net cage is stored in a container in a triple structure, and drainage is put into the container and the mesh is stirred with a stirring blade. Concentrate the effluent by filtering with a scissors. The concentrated liquid is stored in the concentration tank 9.
A part of the low-concentration waste liquid that is not concentrated is used for producing the above fertilizer, and the other is stored in a pond or the like and discarded. In this concentration step, concentration is performed so that the organic content in the concentrated solution is 10 to 30% by weight.

(4) Mixing process Using the mixing apparatus 10, a pulp fiber residue is mixed with the concentrate concentrated at the concentration process, and a mixture is produced | generated. In this mixing step, the residual oil extracted in the residual oil extraction step is added to the concentrate and the pulp fiber residue. The pulp fiber residue is quantified by the quantifier 11 and supplied to the mixing device 10. In this case, 3 to 10 parts by weight of the concentrate and 0.1 to 1 part by weight of the residual oil are mixed with 1 part by weight of the pulp fiber residue. Since the effluent is concentrated and then mixed with the pulp fiber residue, the fusion with the pulp fiber becomes easy.

(5) Drying process The drying apparatus 12 dries the mixture generated in the mixing process. The drying device 12 used for drying is of a rotary kiln type having a drum, and high temperature gas discharged from the boiler device 3 is passed through the drum, and steam is passed outside the drum. Moreover, the warm water for external heating is also supplied to the outer side of a drum, and it uses for heating, and, thereby, a mixture is dried.
In this drying step, the mixture is dried until the moisture content is 15% by weight or less to produce edible food. The water content of the mixture is desirably 13% by weight or less. The steam supplied to the drying device 12 is liquefied, but this is recovered in the water supply tank 13 on the boiler device 3 side, heated again by the boiler device 3, and circulated.

  The edible food produced in this way is dried to become a fibrous powder and is therefore easy to handle. For example, when used as a feed, it can be used as it is or in other feeds. It can be used by mixing. Also, the drainage is rich in starch and fructose components, so edible foods using this are rich in nutritional value.

Next, examples of the present invention will be described.
In the examples, the components shown in FIG. 4 were used as the drainage.
The drainage was supplied to the concentrating device 8 (360 Kg / h, organic substance concentration 80,000 PPM) to obtain a concentrated liquid (organic substance concentration 160,000 PPM). Then, pulp fiber residue (25 Kg / h), palm oil (5 Kg / h), and concentrated liquid (120 Kg / h) were supplied to the mixing device 10 and mixed to obtain a mixture (150 Kg / h). .
Then, this mixture was supplied to the drying apparatus 12, and it dried and obtained edible (water content 13 weight%, 40 kg / h). The edible components (dry weight) according to the example obtained in this way are shown in FIG.
From this result, it is understood that edible foods are rich in lipids, sugars, fibers, and proteins, and are rich in nutritional value.

  In the above embodiment, the boiler device 3, the crushing / oiling device 6, the concentrating device 8, the mixing device 10, and the drying device 12 may be configured in any way as long as they achieve the purpose. For example, the oil temperature may be changed as appropriate, such as using an oil temperature vacuum drying device.

  In Malaysia and Indonesia, which are the world's leading palm oil producing countries, palm oil production amounts to tens of millions of tons per year, and various by-products generated in this palm oil production process are also enormous. In particular, there are drainage (POME), empty fruit bunches (EFB), and pulp fibers (PPF), and these wastes significantly worsen the global environment. The present invention can effectively use these by-products as edible food such as feed, and is extremely useful from the viewpoint of effective use of resources and prevention of pollution.

  Although several embodiments and / or examples of the present invention have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will appreciate that these exemplary embodiments and / or embodiments are substantially without departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the present invention. It is easy to make many changes to the embodiment. Accordingly, many of these modifications are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

It is a processing method of an oil palm by-product using a pulp fiber residue and drainage produced as a by-product when taking out the fruit from an oil palm fruit bunch and extracting the crude palm oil by pressing the fruit ,
A separation step of removing pulp residue as much as possible from the pressed residue of the fruit to obtain a pulp fiber residue,
A concentration step of concentrating the drainage;
A mixing step of mixing the concentrate concentrated in the concentration step with the pulp fiber residue obtained in the separation step to form a mixture;
And a drying step of drying the mixture produced in the mixing step to produce edible food.   2. The method for treating an oil palm by-product according to claim 1, wherein in the concentration step, concentration is performed so that the organic content in the concentrated solution is 10 to 30% by weight. 3. The method for treating an oil palm byproduct according to claim 1 , wherein 3 to 10 parts by weight of the concentrate is mixed with 1 part by weight of the pulp fiber residue in the mixing step. It comprises a residual oil extraction step of extracting the residual oil of crude palm oil by squeezing the by-product mainly comprising the empty fruit bunches, and in the mixing step, the residual oil extracted in the residual oil extraction step It adds to a pulp fiber residue, The processing method of the oil palm by-product in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 3 characterized by the above-mentioned . The oil palm according to claim 4 , wherein in the mixing step, 3 to 10 parts by weight of the concentrated liquid and 0.1 to 1 part by weight of the residual oil are mixed with 1 part by weight of the pulp fiber residue. By-product processing method. The method for treating an oil palm byproduct according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein, in the drying step, the mixture is dried until the water content becomes 15% by weight or less to produce edible food. An edible product produced by being treated by the method for treating an oil palm byproduct according to any one of claims 1 to 6 .

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