JP5623000B2 - Uniaxial grinder - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a single-shaft grinder, that is, a grinder in which a single-shaft rotor is mounted on a single-tube stator.

  In order to preserve the global environment, resource conservation and waste recycling are important issues both at home and abroad, and the laws and regulations for that are becoming stricter year by year. Therefore, for example, waste reduction and recycling of vulcanized rubber (hereinafter referred to as “rubber”), which is a material widely used for industrial and private demands, are being studied.

  Defective products, cutting scraps, burrs, etc. generated at rubber molding plants are expected to account for 10% of the total amount of products produced at rubber manufacturing plants. It has not been. Therefore, almost 2/3 of these rubber wastes are treated by landfill or incineration. However, in the case of landfill processing, there is a problem that the capacity of the final disposal site is already full, and in the case of incineration processing, there is a concern that it may become pollution due to the generation of harmful substances.

  Recycling waste rubber generated at manufacturing plants can greatly contribute to resource conservation and pollution prevention. Specifically, a method is proposed in which the generated rubber waste is first separated into rubber products, and each separated rubber product is finely pulverized into rubber powder, which is then blended with the rubber raw material to make a new product. Has been. In this case, in order not to cause a large decrease in physical properties of the raw rubber, it is generally necessary to pulverize to 100 μm or less. If the sorted known rubber waste is made into a rubber powder having a particle size of 100 μm or less, it can be stably reused by blending a certain amount into the rubber raw material in the rubber production process.

As a conventional recycling method, a method of shearing a rubber layer at a high temperature by using a twin screw extrusion type kneading device at a high temperature, a method of high-temperature pulverization using a pressure kneader, and the like have been studied. Although it has been studied to obtain powder, both of them require high-temperature heating, and the stirring structure is complicated, requires high power, is difficult to disassemble and assemble, is expensive, and has low depreciability including operating expenses, Since there are few economic merits, it has not been put into practical use.
JP 2002-336712 A

  In addition, there are freeze pulverization methods, room temperature pulverization methods, etc. as methods for finely pulverizing rubber, but they are intended for the disposal of a large amount of waste tires. Not suitable for.

  In view of the above-described problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a pulverizer that is inexpensive to manufacture, easy to disassemble and assemble, has excellent maintainability, and has low driving force and low running cost. There is to do.

The above purpose is
A rotor having a tapered outer peripheral surface, a stator having a tapered inner wall surface and surrounding the rotor;
The tapered surface of the rotor and the tapered surface of the stator are arranged so as to face each other entirely or partially through a gap,
The object is achieved by an attritor that feeds an object to be crushed into the gap while rotating the rotor and grinds the object to be pulverized.

  In addition, the attritor can also be used as a drying device for drying and reducing the volume of raw materials containing liquid components (for example, okara and shochu lees).

  In the grinding machine or the drying device described above, it is preferable that one of the rotor and the stator is configured to be axially displaceable with respect to the other so that the gap size can be adjusted.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the rotor has a screw for feeding a material to be crushed into the gap.

  Moreover, it is preferable that a groove is formed in at least one of the tapered surface of the rotor and the tapered surface of the stator.

  Moreover, it is preferable to have at least one of a jacket for cooling or heating the stator and a flow path for cooling or heating the rotor.

  Since the present invention has a simple structure in which a single-shaft rotor is attached to a single-shaft pulverizer, that is, a single-cylinder stator, the manufacturing cost is low, and the driving cost is low, so the running cost is low. In addition, because it is easy to disassemble and assemble, it has excellent maintainability.

  Further, according to the present invention, the clearance between the tapered surface of the rotor and the tapered surface of the stator can be easily adjusted, so that it is possible to easily and quickly cope with the adjustment of the pulverized particle size and the change of the type of raw material.

  Further, according to the present invention, since the screw is provided as a means for pushing into the grinding portion (the gap between the tapered surface of the rotor and the tapered surface of the stator), the object to be crushed can be surely removed from the gap of the grinding portion. Can be pushed into.

  Further, according to the present invention, when the object to be crushed in the grinding part passes through the groove, the object to be pulverized is subjected to a shearing action, so that a more effective pulverizing action can be expected.

  Further, according to the present invention, overheating of the rotor and the stator can be prevented depending on the use, and a cooling effect on the object to be crushed can also be expected. Moreover, the drying effect by a heat exchange effect | action is also expectable by heating a rotor and a stator.

(Schematic configuration of the grinder)
First, based on FIG.1 and FIG.2, schematic structure of a grinder is demonstrated.
FIG. 1 is an overall view showing a uniaxial grinder 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing the rotor 3 and the stator 5 provided in the attritor of FIG.

  The attritor 1 is a so-called uniaxial grinder, and mainly includes a drive shaft 2 rotatably supported by a plurality of bearings 21, a cone-shaped rotor 3 that rotates integrally with the drive shaft, It has a cylindrical stator 5 surrounding the periphery and a jacket 9 for cooling (or heating) the stator. A part of the rotor 3 and a part of the stator 5 form a grinding part 11 (see FIG. 2), and the same action (grinding action) as that of “pulverizing powder with a stone mortar” is exhibited at the part. The

  The drive shaft 2 is rotatably supported by a plurality of bearings 21. The upper end side of the drive shaft 2 is inserted into the inner space of the rotor 3, and the lower end side is connected to a transmission (not shown). The drive shaft 2 is rotated by receiving a driving force from a motor (not shown) via a transmission.

The rotor 3 is formed in an outer cone-like cylindrical shape, the outer peripheral surface side has a frustoconical appearance, and the inner space is formed in a cylindrical shape. The upper end side of the drive shaft 2 is inserted into the inner space of the rotor 3 and integrated with the drive shaft.
A gap adjusting ring 25 that functions as a spacer is interposed between the bottom surface side of the rotor 3 and the step portion 23 of the drive shaft 2.
A rotor set screw 27 is detachably screwed to the upper end portion of the drive shaft 2. The rotor 3 is pressed against the step portion 23 of the drive shaft 2 by the rotor set screw 27, and the key (square member) 2 'is interposed between the drive shaft 2 and the rotor 3, so that the rotor 3 is driven without spinning. The shaft 2 reliably rotates integrally. Further, by performing the rotor stop in this way, the gap between the rotor 3 and the stator 5 is always kept constant. In addition, the rotor 3 can be easily replaced by screw fixing.

The cylindrical stator 5 surrounding the rotor 3 is composed of a cylinder 51 and a housing 53 fixed to the cylinder.
The cylinder 51 is detachably screwed to the bearing case 29 at the flange portion. An object to be crushed (raw material) is fed from the upper opening of the cylinder 51 through a hopper.
The housing 53 constitutes a part of the inner wall of the stator 5. The housing 53 is detachably screwed to the bottom surface side of the cylinder 51 at the flange portion.
The inner wall surface of the housing 53 is tapered. A part of this taper surface is opposed to a taper surface on the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 3 to be described later with a gap of a predetermined size. The grinding part 11 is comprised by the opposing taper surface and its clearance gap.
In the illustrated embodiment, the cylinder 51 and the housing 53 are configured as separate members, but may be configured as an integral member. Moreover, the area | region which attaches a taper is not specifically limited, You may taper over the whole surface or part of the inner wall surface of the stator 5, or the whole surface or part of the inner wall surface of the housing 53.

A jacket 9 for cooling the stator is mounted around the cylindrical portion of the stator 5. Cooling water is passed from the inlet 91 to the jacket 9, circulates in the jacket to cool the stator, and is discharged from the outlet 93. During operation of the grinder 1, cooling water is circulated through the jacket 9 to prevent overheating of the stator 5 and the rotor 3.
Note that high-temperature steam or the like can be passed through the jacket 9 as a heating medium depending on the application (for example, a drying apparatus described later).

  The rotor 3, the cylinder 51, and the housing 53 described above are all detachably fixed with screws, so that if necessary, they can be disassembled for maintenance, and member replacement can be performed.

(Specific configuration of rotor)
Next, a specific configuration of the rotor 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.
1 and 2 are as described above.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view showing the rotor 3 provided in the attritor 1 of FIG.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the grinding portion 11 constituted by the tapered surface of the stator 5 and the tapered surface of the rotor 3.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 3 has a taper that gradually increases in diameter from the upper end side. Above the tapered surface, there is provided a screw 31 for feeding the object to be crushed into the cylinder 51 downward.

  A spiral groove 33 is formed in the tapered surface of the rotor 3 below the screw 31. The cross-sectional shape of the spiral groove 33 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the spiral groove 33 is formed so that the corner portion is curved as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. . The cross-sectional dimension of the spiral groove 33 is not particularly limited, but a preferred example is that the width W is set to about 8 to 10 mm and the depth D is set to about 1 to 2 mm.

  As shown in FIG. 4, a part of the tapered surface of the rotor 3 (region including the spiral groove 33) faces the tapered surface of the housing 53 via a gap of a predetermined size. The opposing tapered surfaces, the gaps between them, and the spiral groove 33 constitute the grinding portion 11. An object to be crushed is pushed into the grinding part 11 by a screw 31 and is crushed on the same principle as that of “pulverize powder with a stone mill”. Therefore, the material to be crushed that has entered the grinding unit 11 is crushed by being subjected to complex actions such as strong compression, shearing, and rolling friction, and as a result, is atomized.

The gap between the tapered surfaces in the grinding part 11 (hereinafter referred to as “grinding gap”) is set so that the clearance t ₁ shown in FIG. 4 is about 0.3 to 0.5 mm. However, the grinding gaps may be uniform over the whole as shown in FIG. 4 (A), or may be changed according to the height as shown in FIG. 4 (B). That is, the inclination angle of the taper surface of the rotor 3 and the inclination angle of the taper surface of the housing 53 may be the same or different. As shown in FIG. 4 (B), the object to be crushed can be easily caught in the grinding part 11 by making the entrance of the grinding gap wider.

As shown in FIG. 2, a gap adjustment ring 25 that functions as a spacer is interposed between the bottom surface side of the rotor 3 and the step portion 23 of the drive shaft 2. This gap adjusting ring can be replaced with another ring having a different thickness as required. By replacing the gap adjusting ring 25, the rotor 3 slides in the axial direction in accordance with the thickness of the ring. Therefore, the clearances t ₁ and t ₂ (see FIG. 4) of the grinding gap can be set to an arbitrary size. it can.

  The means for adjusting the grinding gap is not limited to the method using the gap adjusting ring 25. For example, the stator 5 or the housing 53 may be slid in the axial direction with a screw or the like.

  Moreover, the area | region which attaches a taper is not specifically limited, The whole outer peripheral surface of the rotor 3 may be sufficient, and the part may be sufficient as it. However, the tapered surface of the rotor 3 needs to face the tapered surface on the stator 5 (housing 53) side entirely or partially with a predetermined gap. The clearance dimension of the grinding gap is determined in consideration of various conditions such as the properties of the object to be crushed.

  Further, the inclination angles of the tapered surfaces of the rotor 3 and the stator 5 are not particularly limited, and may be the same over the entire surface, or may be gradually changed, or may be changed stepwise. It may be.

Further, the member with the groove is not limited to the rotor 3 and may be formed in the housing 53.
Further, the shape of the groove is not limited to the spiral groove 33 shown in FIG. 3, and may be, for example, an orthogonal groove 34 in which a plurality of vertical grooves as shown in FIG. A combination of the spiral groove 35 and the orthogonal groove 34 as shown in FIG. 5B may be used, or a combination of a plurality of spiral grooves 36 and a plurality of orthogonal grooves 34 as shown in FIG. The type (dimension, shape, combination) of the grooves is selected according to the hardness and properties of the object to be crushed.

  Although not shown, a flow path for cooling the rotor 3 may be formed in the rotor. For example, the rotor 3 and the drive shaft 2 may have a hollow structure, and cooling water may be passed through the hollow portion of the rotor 3.

  In the illustrated embodiment, a vertical uniaxial mill is shown, but a horizontal configuration can also be adopted.

(How to use the grinder)
Next, a method for using the grinder 1 will be described by taking a cut rubber piece of a discarded tire as a specific example of the object to be crushed.

  First, a motor (not shown) is driven to rotate the drive shaft 2, and then a rubber piece is quantitatively charged from an unshown hopper to the opening above the cylinder 51. The charged rubber piece is fed downward by the screw 31 on the outer wall of the rotor 3 and pushed into the grinding gap of the grinding unit 11 by a certain amount.

  The object to be crushed that has reached the grinding portion 11 is subjected to a frictional action between the tapered surfaces and is crushed by being subjected to a shearing action when passing through the spiral groove 33. Meanwhile, since the stator 5 is cooled by the jacket 9, the object to be crushed is not fused to the rotor 3 or the housing 53, and the pulverized object is not melt-bonded to each other. As a result, the rubber piece is discharged as fine rubber powder from the lower end of the gap of the grinding part 11 and falls and accumulates in the accommodating part 41. The fine rubber powder is refined to at least a particle size of about 100 μm.

  When the particle size of the obtained rubber powder is large, the gap adjusting ring 25 is replaced with a thicker one and the rotor 3 is slid in the axial direction to narrow the gap between the grinding portions 11 by a predetermined amount. On the other hand, when the particle size of the rubber powder is small, the gap adjusting ring 25 is replaced with a thinner one and the rotor 3 is slid to widen the gap between the grinding portions 11 by a predetermined amount.

The fine rubber powder obtained through the above-described steps can be mixed and used in asphalt raw materials or reused as a filler or raw material for rubber products.
It should be noted that the materials to be pulverized in the present invention are not particularly limited, and include all kinds of foods, spices, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, cosmetics, and the like.

(Application example of grinding machine)
The above-mentioned grinder can also be applied as a drying apparatus for raw materials containing liquid components (for example, okara, shochu lees, etc.).

  In this case, high temperature steam is circulated in the jacket 9 to heat the rotor 3 and the stator 5 in advance. Next, the drive shaft 2 is rotated, and a fixed amount of raw material is introduced from the opening at the top of the cylinder 51. The raw material is pushed into the grinding unit 11 by a certain amount by the screw 31 of the rotor 3 and subsequently receives an efficient heat exchange action from the outer wall of the rotor 3, and as a result, the liquid component contained in the raw material evaporates. Further, the raw material pushed into the gap of the grinding part 11 is subjected to a frictional action between the tapered surfaces of the grinding part 11 and is subjected to a shearing action when passing through the spiral groove 33 to be completely finely pulverized. As a result, the original raw material is discharged as a dry powder, falls, and accumulates in the accommodating portion 41.

  In the above-described embodiments and application examples, it is possible to increase the clearance of the grinding gap according to the properties of the raw material (viscosity, moisture content, etc.). In such a case, the clearance adjustment ring 25 may be replaced to adjust the clearance, or the rotor 3 may be changed to a small diameter or large diameter to adjust the clearance.

It is a general view which shows the uniaxial grinder of this invention. It is an enlarged view which shows the rotor and stator which the attritor of FIG. 1 comprises. It is an expansion perspective view which shows the rotor with which the grinder of FIG. 1 comprises. It is an expanded sectional view which shows the grinding part comprised by the taper surface of a stator, and the taper surface of a rotor. It is a perspective view which shows the modification of the groove | channel engraved in a rotor.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Grinding machine 2 Drive shaft 2 'Key 3 Rotor 5 Stator 9 Jacket 11 Grinding part 21 Bearing 23 Step part 25 Gap adjustment ring (spacer)
27 Rotor set screw 29 Bearing case 31 Screw 33 Spiral groove 34 Direct groove 35 Spiral groove 36 Spiral groove 41 Housing part 51 Cylinder 53 Housing 91 Inlet 93 Outlet

Claims (1)

An apparatus used for grinding a material to be crushed comprising rubber pieces,
A rotor having a taper so that the outer peripheral surface gradually expands in diameter , and a screw that is a means for pushing in the ground material ;
The inner wall surface is tapered, and has a stator surrounding the rotor,
One of the rotor and the stator is configured to be axially displaceable with respect to the other,
The tapered surface of the rotor and the tapered surface of the stator are arranged so as to face each other entirely or partially through a gap,
A groove is formed in at least one of the tapered surface of the rotor and the tapered surface of the stator facing each other,
The gap and the groove constitute a grinding part for grinding a material to be ground made of rubber pieces,
While rotating the rotor provided with a screw as a pushing means, the material to be crushed made of rubber pieces is pushed into the gaps of the grinding part and fed to grind the material to be crushed. Crusher.

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