JP5621072B2 - Mushroom cultivation method and mushroom cultivation apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation method and a mushroom cultivation apparatus for efficiently growing mushroom fruit bodies germinated from a fungus bed in artificial cultivation of mushrooms.

  Conventionally, in artificial cultivation of mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms, fungus bed cultivation using bags and bottles has been performed. In this fungus bed cultivation, a nutrient medium is mixed with a vegetative material such as sawdust to adjust moisture, and the mixture is filled in a plastic cultivation bag or cultivation bottle made of polypropylene or the like to form a culture medium. After sterilizing the medium, inoculated with mushroom inoculum, cultivated in a culture room, and spreading mycelium in the medium to obtain a fungus bed block. Then, the fruit body in the generation chamber is germinated, and after the fruit body is sufficiently grown, it is harvested.

As described above, for example, when shiitake mushrooms are cultivated in a fungus bed block, a lot of nutrients for growing mushrooms remain in the fungus bed block at the time when the first harvest of the fruit bodies is completed. Therefore, using the nutrients remaining in the fungus bed, the fruiting body can be continuously grown after the first harvest to obtain another harvest. However, in order to obtain another harvest, it is necessary to supply moisture to the fungus bed block because the moisture of the fungus bed block is reduced by the first harvest.
Conventionally, as a method for supplying the water, the fungus bed block is immersed in water stretched in a water tank and infiltrated using water pressure, or water is sprayed and gradually infiltrated. . However, the surface of the fungus bed block is easy to harden, it is difficult for water to penetrate, and it is often difficult to give sufficient moisture. On the other hand, since it is difficult to adjust the amount of water supplied to the fungus bed block, excessive water may be absorbed.

  For this, an injection needle attached to the distal end of a flexible tube is inserted into a shiitake fungus bed placed on a cultivation shelf, water is sent to the tube, and water is infiltrated into the shiitake fungus bed. The pipe is equipped with a valve for adjusting the amount of water supply, and under the shiitake mushroom bed, a water-retaining seating floor is detachable so that the solution to the shiitake mushroom bed is a solution. A replenishment method (see Patent Document 1) is disclosed. According to this, it is said that moisture can be sufficiently supplied to the inside while the shiitake mushroom bed is placed on the cultivation shelf, and the generated shiitake can be collected in a dry state (see Patent Document 1). In addition, according to this method, in order to adjust the amount of water supplied to the microbial bed, it is necessary to operate the valve and adjust the water supply pressure. Therefore, it is considered that a difficult operation and a complicated apparatus are required to manage so that an appropriate amount of water is continuously supplied to each of a large number of bacteria beds. Moreover, in such pressure injection with an injection needle, a high pressure is locally generated at the injection portion, and it is difficult to supply water uniformly to the entire bacterial bed.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-107793 (first page)

The problem to be solved regarding the mushroom cultivation method and the mushroom cultivation apparatus is that, in the conventional method, it is difficult to continuously supply an appropriate amount of water to the fungus bed even when an injection needle is used. The mushroom harvest cannot be increased.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a mushroom cultivation method and a mushroom cultivation apparatus that can significantly increase the yield of mushrooms by properly supplying water to the fruit bodies of the mushrooms germinated from the fungus bed and growing them. There is.

The present invention has the following configuration in order to achieve the above object.
According to one aspect of the method for cultivating mushrooms according to the present invention, in the method for cultivating mushrooms using an artificial fungus bed , an opening is formed above the fungus bed in which mushroom fungi have spread, and A bottomed hole formed by digging deeper than the size of the opening is provided, and the fungus bed is water-soluble and effective in cultivation of mushrooms so as to maintain a moisture content suitable for the growth of mushroom fruit bodies. an aqueous solution sexual components are mixed, the water supply tube for supplying water or the aqueous solution provided with a said opening upward dug into the fungal bed is dug to be arranged plugged without blocking the opening By supplying continuously to the inside of the bottomed hole through the water supply tube and storing in a state where a water pool is generated inside the bottomed hole, the water in the water pool is pressure inside and outside the bacteria bed. Maintains the state that water is absorbed into the fungus bed by the difference .

Moreover, according to one form of the mushroom cultivation method concerning this invention, the said bottomed hole can be characterized by digging in the upper surface of the said fungus bed substantially right below.
Moreover, according to one form of the mushroom cultivation method concerning this invention, the said bottomed hole can be dug toward the inside diagonally downward from the side surface upper part of the said fungus bed.

Moreover, according to one form of the mushroom cultivation method concerning this invention, the said water and the said aqueous solution are supplied continuously using a siphon effect so that the water level of the said puddle may be managed. It can be.
Moreover, according to one form of the mushroom cultivation method according to the present invention, when the siphon effect is generated or when the siphon effect is interrupted, the pressure of the water or the aqueous solution supplied to the bottomed hole is set. It can be characterized in that it is temporarily raised.

  According to the mushroom cultivation method and the mushroom cultivation apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to significantly increase the yield of mushrooms by appropriately supplying water to the fruit bodies of the mushrooms germinated from the fungus bed and growing them. Has an effect.

It is a perspective view which shows the form example of the cultivation method of the mushroom which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of the form of the water tank which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of the form of the cultivation apparatus of the mushroom which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the other example of a mushroom cultivation apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the 2nd example of the cultivation method of the mushroom which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the 3rd form example of the cultivation method of the mushroom which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the form example of the mushroom cultivation bottle which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the example of a form which removed the upper cover of the example of a form of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the other form example which removed the upper cover of the form example of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the 2nd example of a mushroom cultivation bottle which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the 3rd example of a mushroom cultivation bottle which concerns on this invention.

  Hereinafter, the example of the cultivation method of the mushroom which concerns on this invention, and the cultivation apparatus of a mushroom is demonstrated in detail based on an accompanying drawing. In the following, shiitake cultivation methods that mainly cultivate shiitake mushrooms using an artificial fungus bed will be described.

  In the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention, water and mushrooms are used so that the fungus bed block 10 as an example of the fungus bed as shown in FIG. 1 maintains a moisture content suitable for the growth of fruit bodies. An aqueous solution mixed with a water-soluble component effective for cultivation is continuously supplied to the inside 22 of the bottomed hole 20 that is dug in the fungus bed block 10 and has an opening 21 on the upper side. By storing in a state where a water pool 25 is generated at 22, the water in the water pool 25 is maintained in a state where water is absorbed by the bacterial bed block 10 due to a pressure difference inside and outside the bacterial bed block 10.

  According to this, moisture is absorbed into the fungus bed block 10 from the inner wall surface 23 of the hole forming the bottomed hole 20, and moisture gradually permeates outward from the center inside the fungus bed block 10. In this manner, moisture is supplied to the fungus bed block 10 so that the fungus bed block 10 can maintain an appropriate moisture content. That is, moisture can be continuously supplied to the mycelium of the fungus bed block 10 continuously during the cultivation period of mushrooms. Moreover, when supplying aqueous solution, active ingredients, such as a nutrient for growth of a mushroom, can be appropriately supplied with a water | moisture content.

  For this reason, the moisture content of the mycelium block 10 can be maintained in a state in which the mycelium is not dried, in other words, in a state in which the mycelium can appropriately send water to properly grow the fruit body. In general, it is desirable that the moisture content is 60% by number. Based on this, moisture may be supplied so that the mycelium can retain sufficient moisture. Moreover, since the weight corresponding to nutrients in the fungus bed is gradually reduced by supplying water in this way, the overall weight of the fungus bed block 10 is also gradually reduced, but an extreme weight change does not occur. Absent.

When shiitake was cultivated by this method, after the first harvest, it was possible to harvest more than that, and the total yield was about twice that of the normal cultivation method.
The fungus bed block 10 is formed by spreading mushroom mycelia on a medium mainly composed of woody materials such as sawdust. And as shown in FIG. 1, it is mounted on the cultivation shelf 40 with a required space | interval so that the fruit body of the mushroom sprouted from the several microbial bed block 10 can be grown.

  The fungus bed block 10 is a kind of water retaining material that can absorb and retain moisture. In the fungus bed block 10, at least water corresponding to the growth of the fruit body escapes from the fungus bed block 10 during the growth period of the fruit body. According to this, the inside of the microbial bed block 10 is in a reduced pressure state with respect to the moisture content, and the moisture permeation becomes easy. For this reason, water or an aqueous solution (liquid) can be suitably supplied from the bottomed hole 20 to the inside of the microbial bed block 10 by the Pascal's principle of moving from a higher pressure to a lower pressure. More specifically, the water supply to the fungus bed block 10 is caused by the pressure difference between the atmospheric pressure acting on the water reservoir 25 and the water column pressure of the water reservoir 25 and the pressure reducing effect when moisture escapes as the fruit body grows. Is made continuously.

  The time when the bottomed hole 20 is dug and formed in the fungus bed block 10 is preferably, for example, after the mycelium spreads in the mushroom medium and before the germination stage of the fruiting body, It is preferable that the bottomed hole 20 thus formed is supplied with water as quickly as possible so that the bacteria bed can quickly absorb water. According to this, since the mycelium is provided with strength as a lump by the mycelium, the bottomed hole 20 can be easily and appropriately formed without breaking, and water can be appropriately supplied to the mycelium.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the bottomed hole 20 is dug substantially downward at the center of the upper surface 11 of the fungus bed block 10. The bottomed hole 20 can be easily formed with a portable electric drill or the like. The size can be, for example, about 2 to 3 cm in diameter and about 5 to 10 cm in depth. The inner wall surface 23 of the hole of the bottomed hole 20 formed in this way is a surface having a high water absorption state. On the other hand, the outer surface of the fungus bed block 10 has a hard film formed by the mycelium lump, has a high water repellency, and has a surface in which moisture is difficult to absorb. The position where the bottomed hole 20 is formed is not limited to the central portion of the upper surface 11 of the fungus bed block 10. Even if the position of the bottomed hole 20 is deviated from the central part, if the penetrating part is not formed so that water leakage does not occur, the moisture is sucked and dispersed by the pressure reducing effect and capillary phenomenon described above. Is done. Therefore, moisture will spread throughout the fungus bed block 10 and mushrooms can be grown appropriately.

  And in this example, it is comprised so that water and aqueous solution may be supplied continuously using a siphon effect so that the water level of the water reservoir 25 may be managed. According to the siphon effect, since the water level can be set easily and appropriately, it is possible to manage the water level without draining it. For this reason, mushrooms can be appropriately grown without losing the commercial value of water droplets attached to the fruit body.

In addition, the growth of this mushroom varies from one fungus bed block to another and the amount of moisture absorbed also varies. Therefore, the amount of water to be supplied differs for each fungus bed block 10. On the other hand, according to the siphon effect, the water level of the water reservoir 25 can be adjusted to a desired height H by managing the height H position (hydrostatic pressure) of the water level, and the adjusted water level is kept constant. Therefore, an appropriate amount of water can be automatically supplied to each microbial bed block 10.
Conventional hydroponics such as hydroponics is a method of cultivating with a considerable amount of liquid fertilizer that exceeds the absorbed amount, but the cultivation technique of the present invention uses only a necessary amount of water (nutrients can be added) as fungus bed blocks It is sent to one line so as to be additionally replenished to 10 and is a cultivation technique that should be called “water supply cultivation”.

FIG. 2 shows the water storage device unit 30 connected to the water supply main 31 of FIG. 1, and the mushroom cultivation utilizing the siphon effect used in the above-mentioned mushroom cultivation method with the configuration of FIG. 1 and FIG. A device is provided.
According to this, the water storage tank part 30 which can manage a water level so that the water stored by the inside 22 of the bottomed hole 20 provided in each of many microbial bed blocks 10 may be supplied by the siphon effect, respectively. And a water supply main pipe 31 connected to the water storage tank section 30 and a branch from the water supply main pipe 31 so as to be inserted into the inside 22 of each bottomed hole 20 via the upper side of each bottomed hole 20. And a provided water supply tube 32. In addition, although the water supply main body 31 shown in FIG. 1 is distribute | arranged below rather than the opening 21 of the bottomed hole 20, this invention is not limited to this, You may distribute | arrange upward. That is, it is only necessary to provide a pipeline that uses the siphon effect, and the route and shape of the pipeline may be selectively designed as appropriate. Further, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the mechanism for managing the water level of the water tank section 30 is configured by an electromagnetic valve 36 that opens and closes the water supply 35 and a float 37 that is an example of a water level sensor that sends a signal to the electromagnetic valve 36. ing. Not only this but the mechanism which manages the water level of the water tank part 30 can naturally use a well-known technique selectively suitably.

  According to the siphon effect of the mushroom cultivation apparatus configured in this way, the automatic adjustment function works to balance the water level naturally so as to maintain a constant water surface height H among the plurality of fungus bed blocks 10. be able to. The bottomed holes 20 of the plurality of fungus bed blocks 10 function as a large water tank as a whole together with the water storage tank portion 30, and can be appropriately supplied in a state where water and an aqueous solution are managed. That is, the water level in the water storage tank 30 and the water level in the water reservoir inside the plurality of bottomed holes 20 are automatically made the same by the siphon effect. For this reason, by managing only the water level of the water storage tank section 30, the water level of the plurality of bottomed holes 20 can be managed, and water or an aqueous solution can be supplied appropriately. Moreover, the pressure which acts on the water surface of the water reservoir 25 in the inside 22 of the bottomed hole 20 is atmospheric pressure, does not become high pressure, and can always supply stable and uniform moisture.

  On the other hand, in the case of the conventional method of supplying moisture to the fungus bed block 10 by soaking, it is forced to push in with water pressure, and miscellaneous bacteria easily invade at the high pressure. Moreover, since it is difficult to control the supply amount of water, water may be supplied excessively, and an appropriate growth environment for mushrooms may be hindered. And the soaking operation and the watering operation can be performed only for a short period before the fruiting body germinates again after the first harvesting of the fruiting body is completed. For this reason, the moisture content of the fungus bed block 10 greatly fluctuates, and the growth of mushrooms is likely to be inhibited. In particular, in the conventional water immersion method or water injection method, moisture is intermittently supplied, so that air enters a part of the culture medium (fungus bed) and the mycelium cannot send moisture. , Will inhibit the growth of mushrooms.

When generating the siphon effect, when the siphon effect is interrupted, or when cleaning the pipe for supplying water or aqueous solution, the pressure of the water or aqueous solution supplied to the bottomed hole 20 is temporarily increased and supplied. can do.
As a result, air can be easily vented, and a siphon effect can be generated or restored. In order to increase the pressure of water or an aqueous solution, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the water pressure of the water supply 35 can be used directly. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 4, the high hydrostatic pressure H2 of a tank (water storage tank part 30) and the water pressure (dynamic water pressure) generated with the pump 47 can be utilized. In addition, 45 is a water level sensor and 46 is a switching valve (electromagnetic valve). The solenoid valve 46 and the pump 47 are configured to operate according to a signal detected and output by the water level sensor 45. Further, as in the embodiment of FIG. 4, it is needless to say that a plurality of tanks can be provided for water and aqueous solutions, and a plurality of water and aqueous solution supply systems can be configured.

Next, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the bottomed hole 20 is formed by digging from the upper part of the side surface 12 of the fungus bed block to the diagonally lower side.
According to this, since the bottomed hole 20 can be formed long and the surface area of the inner wall surface 23 of the hole through which moisture permeates can be increased, water supply efficiency can be increased.
Moreover, the water level when water or an aqueous solution enters at the maximum can be defined by the height position where the opening 21 of the bottomed hole 20 is provided. Thus, water or an aqueous solution can be supplied at a constant water pressure by setting the water column pressure. In this case, it is assumed that water or an aqueous solution overflows, but since it overflows only from one side, it does not affect the fruiting body growing on the other side. Therefore, the minimum loss can be stopped.

As shown in FIG. 1, a weight 33 that prevents the water supply tube 32 from coming out of the bottomed hole 20 is fixed to the distal end portion of the water supply tube 32.
According to this, the front-end | tip part of the water supply tube 32 can be fixed to the inside 22 of the bottomed hole 20 easily and reliably, and water supply can be performed stably.
In addition, as a method of preventing that the water supply tube 32 slips out, it is not limited to this. For example, the middle part of the water supply tube 32 is held by one part of the clip and the other part of the clip is fixed by inserting it into the fungus bed block 10, or the method of fixing the appropriate part of the cultivation shelf by a stopper. Thus, the water supply tube 32 can be prevented from coming out.

  The fungus bed block 10 of this embodiment is a shiitake culture medium in which the mycelium of shiitake mushrooms spread and the fruit bodies 33 are generated, but the present invention is of course not limited thereto. For example, it can also be applied to the cultivation of nameko, maiko, bunashimeji, flat rice, mushrooms and the like. In the above embodiment, the square columnar fungus bed block 10 is placed in a horizontally long state, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the fungus bed block 10 may be placed in a vertically long state. Of course, the bottomed hole 20 having the opening 21 can be formed on the upper end surface of the fungus bed block 10 placed in the vertically long state. According to this, the fungus bed block 10 can be placed at high density, and the productivity of mushrooms can be improved. In addition, the shape of the fungus bed block 10 is not limited to a quadrangle as in the present embodiment, and may be a kamaboko shape or a cylindrical shape.

Next, application examples of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the application example of FIG. 6, the water supply tube 32 is inserted into the gap between the fungus bed block 10 and the cultivation bag 60 so as to apply the siphon effect according to the present invention. In this case as well, the water level of the water or aqueous solution can be appropriately controlled, and the yield of mushrooms can be increased.

The application example of FIGS. 7-11 is applied when performing this cultivation of the bottle-made this invention.
The mushroom cultivation bottle 50 provided with the main body 51 and the cover body 52 is shown by FIG. 7 so that it can be divided into 2 parts up and down. FIG. 8 shows a structure in which the lid 52 is removed and the bottomed hole 20 is provided in the fungus bed 53 of the cultivation bottle. FIG. 9 shows that the mushroom medium is filled so that the upper surface of the fungus bed 53 of the cultivation bottle becomes flat when the lid 52 is removed.

  FIG. 10 shows an embodiment in which a mushroom cultivation bottle 50A is provided with a water supply hole 55. Before supplying water or an aqueous solution through the water supply tube 32, for example, during a culture period in which sterilization and hyphae are spread, a lid is formed with a sealing material.

FIG. 11 shows a mode in which a water supply hole 55 is provided in the mushroom cultivation bottle 50 </ b> B and the water supply hole 55 can be closed with a cap 56. Moreover, when utilizing the cultivation bottle 50B of this mushroom, water and aqueous solution can be supplied to the clearance gap between this cultivation bottle 50B at the time of the microbial bed 53 of a cultivation bottle.
7 to 11 described above, the present invention can be preferably applied, and the amount of mushrooms can be increased.

  As described above, the present invention has been described in various ways with preferred embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. That is.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Bacteria bed block 11 Top surface 12 Side surface 20 Bottomed hole 21 Opening 22 Inside 23 Internal wall surface of hole 25 Puddle 30 Water tank part 31 Water supply main pipe 32 Water supply tube 33 Weight 40 Cultivation shelf 50 Mushroom cultivation bottle H Water level height H2 High hydrostatic pressure

Claims (5)

  In the mushroom cultivation method for cultivating mushrooms using an artificial fungus bed, with respect to the fungus bed in which mushroom fungus has spread, an opening is formed above and a bottomed hole formed by being dug deeper than the size of the opening The fungus bed is dug into the fungus bed with water or an aqueous solution mixed with water-soluble components effective for mushroom cultivation so as to maintain a moisture content suitable for the growth of fruit bodies of the fungus bed. The water supply tube that supplies the water and aqueous solution is provided through the water supply tube continuously through the water supply tube so as to be inserted and arranged without blocking the opening. To maintain the state in which the water in the water pool is absorbed by the fungus bed due to the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the fungus bed. A featured mushroom cultivation method.   The method for cultivating a mushroom according to claim 1, wherein the bottomed hole is dug substantially right below the upper surface of the fungus bed.   The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the bottomed hole is dug obliquely downward from the upper part of the side surface of the fungus bed.   The method for cultivating mushrooms according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water or the aqueous solution is continuously supplied using a siphon effect so that a water level of the puddle is controlled. .   When generating the siphon effect, when the siphon effect is interrupted, or when cleaning the pipeline supplying the water or the aqueous solution, the pressure of the water or the aqueous solution supplied to the bottomed hole is temporarily changed. The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the mushroom cultivation method is characterized in that the mushroom cultivation method is supplied.

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