JP5618181B2 - Relay drive circuit - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a relay drive circuit, and more particularly to a relay drive circuit that drives a relay.

In fields such as a control system and a communication system, a system using a relay is adopted, and a relay driving circuit is provided to drive the relay.
As an example of such a relay drive circuit, for example, there is one having a structure of only one circuit as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, the relay drive circuit 102 includes a relay 104 and a low-side switch (N-ch FET or the like) 105 connected to the relay 104. The low side switch 105 is connected to a relay control circuit (equipment such as a microcomputer) 103 and receives a drive signal to turn the relay 104 on and off. The relay 104 includes a relay coil 107 and a contact 108 connected to a predetermined wiring. Further, a commutation diode 109 is arranged in the relay drive circuit 102 so as to bypass the relay 104.
The relay drive circuit 102 drives the relay 104 (over-excitation and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control) by turning on and off the low-side switch 105 through the relay control circuit 103.
As shown in FIG. 4, in this relay drive circuit 102, the low-side switch 105 is turned on (drive signal), the applied voltage to the relay coil 107 of the relay 104 is set to + B, and overexcitation is performed (time t1). When the coil current reaches the predetermined value S1 (time t2), the relay 104 is turned on from the off state, and then the relay 104 is always switched. During the excitation time T1, the coil current of the relay 104 is increased to the maximum value S2.
And when this overexcitation time T1 passes (time t3), in order to suppress the self-heating of the relay 104, a coil current is suppressed by PWM control during the PWM control time T2.
That is, by controlling the duty ratio (on / off time ratio) of the drive signal pulse by PWM control, the coil current flowing through the relay coil 107 is controlled (the drive signal pulse is switched at high speed). At this time, the low-side switch 105 is turned on / off.
In this case, when the low-side switch 105 is on (time t4), the coil current of the relay coil 107 increases. On the other hand, when the low-side switch 105 is turned off (time t5), the coil current is commutated through the commutation diode 109, so that the coil current does not rapidly decrease.
Thus, by adjusting the duty ratio by PWM control, the coil current can be suppressed in a range where the coil current does not fall below the holding current R.
Further, since the low-side switch 105 performs high-speed switching by PWM control, heat is generated due to switching loss (switching loss) when all of the low-side switch 105 is turned on / off.
In such an output signal of the relay drive circuit 102, one drive signal (overexcitation / PWM control) is required for one relay 104. A drive signal capable of overexcitation and PWM control as many as the number of relays and the low-side switch 105 are required. In FIG. 3, since there is one relay 104, there is one drive signal. Here, the above-described drive signal is a signal for switching the drive state of the relay 104 between overexcitation and PWM control.

More specifically, in the relay drive circuit 102 of FIG. 3, the relay control circuit 103 sends a drive signal (overexcitation) to the low side switch 105 with the relay 104 off and the low side switch 105 off as an initial state. When the drive signal (overexcitation) is input, the low-side switch 105 is turned on. Further, a potential difference is generated between both ends of the relay coil 107 of the relay 104, and a current flows to the relay coil 107 side. The contact 108 of the relay 104 is turned on. After that, after a certain period of time, the coil current flowing through the relay coil 107 is reduced by PWM control in order to suppress self-heating.
However, when the relay 104 is used at a high temperature, there is a case where self-heating due to the coil current becomes a problem when the relay 104 is driven.
In such a case, a high coil current (overexcitation current) is applied only when the relay 104 is switched on and off, and after switching the drive of the relay 104, the coil current is suppressed (holding current), thereby self-heating. The method of suppressing is taken.

JP 2003-32919 A

  The control device according to Patent Document 1 controls a switch device that can maintain a predetermined state by pulse driving, and when the switch device is driven at a rated voltage and a predetermined time has elapsed since the switch device was turned on. In addition, the pulse waveform supplied to the switch device is adjusted so as to be a holding voltage for holding the switch device in a predetermined state.

Conventionally, although the coil current of the relay is suppressed by PWM control, when the applied voltage to the relay coil is switched at an audible frequency, abnormal noise may be generated from the relay according to the switching frequency.
As a countermeasure, switching at a frequency other than the audible frequency can be considered. However, when driven at a low frequency, the ripple of the coil current increases, so the average current must be set high, and self-heating It was difficult to suppress.
Further, when switching is performed at a high frequency, there is a possibility that the heat generation of the drive element due to the switching loss and the problem of high frequency noise occur.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a relay drive circuit that suppresses self-heating due to a coil current and prevents noise.

The present invention relates to a relay drive circuit that turns on and off the relay according to the amount of current flowing through the relay, and the relay maintains the on state after the coil current that flows through the relay coil is turned on when the relay is turned on from the off state. In order to continue, a plurality of relays having the same characteristics that can be used with the same set value for the overexcitation voltage and the holding voltage are provided with a current characteristic larger than the coil current flowing through the relay coil, One variable voltage regulator capable of changing the output voltage to an arbitrary value is provided between the coils, and the first relay whose output voltage value is at least one of the plurality of relays is turned off. on after than when turning on, the first of said first relay relay other than the relay in a state that does not turn on from an off state is turned on from When continues to hold the state is characterized by being smaller.

  The relay drive circuit according to the present invention can suppress the generation of noise while suppressing self-heating due to the coil current.

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a relay drive circuit including a plurality of relays. (Example) FIG. 2 is a time chart of the relay drive control. (Example) FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a conventional relay driving circuit for one relay. (Conventional example) FIG. 4 is a time chart of the conventional relay drive control of one relay. (Conventional example)

  The present invention achieves the purpose of suppressing the self-heating caused by the coil current and preventing the generation of abnormal noise by changing the output voltage value of the variable voltage regulator.

1 and 2 show an embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, 1 is a relay drive control device.
The relay drive control device 1 includes a relay drive circuit 2 and a relay control circuit (equipment such as a microcomputer) 3 connected to the relay drive circuit 2 and functioning as a power source.
The relay drive circuit 2 includes, as the relay 4, for example, four first relays 4A to 4D 4 and a low-side switch (N-ch FET or the like) 5 connected to the first relay 4A to the fourth relay 4D. The first low-side switch 5A to the fourth low-side switch 5D, and the variable voltage regulator 6 connected to the relay control circuit 3 while being connected to the first relay 4A to the fourth relay 4D.
The first relay 4A to the fourth relay 4D include a first relay coil 7A to a fourth relay coil 7D as the relay coil 7 and a first contact 8A to a fourth contact 8D as the contact 8. A first low-side switch 5A to a fourth low-side switch 5D are connected to one end of the first relay coil 7A to the fourth relay coil 7D, and a variable voltage regulator 6 is connected to the other end. The first contact 8A to the fourth contact 8D are connected to an arbitrary wiring depending on the intended use.
The relay drive circuit 2 turns on / off the first relay 4A to the fourth relay 4D according to the amount of current flowing through the first relay 4A to the fourth relay 4D.

Since the relay control circuit 3 controls each relay independently, one relay driving signal (ON / OFF control) is required for each relay, and therefore, the four first relays 4A to 4th. In order to drive the relay 4D, four drive signals 1 to 4 are output to the first low-side switch 5A to the fourth low-side switch 5D.
The drive signal 1 is a signal (on / off control) for switching the drive state of the first relay 4A via the first low-side switch 5A. The drive signal 2 is a signal (on / off control) for switching the drive state of the second relay 4B via the second low-side switch 5B. The drive signal 3 is a signal (on / off control) for switching the drive state of the third relay 4C via the third low-side switch 5C. The drive signal 4 is a signal (on / off control) for switching the drive state of the fourth relay 4D via the fourth low-side switch 5D.

The relay control circuit 3 outputs a single drive signal 5 to the variable voltage regulator 6 in common with a necessary drive signal (on / off control: switching of overexcitation voltage / holding voltage).
The drive signal 5 is used to switch the applied voltages of the first relay coil 7A to the fourth relay coil 7D of the first relay 4A to the fourth relay 4D via the variable voltage regulator 6 (on / off control). This signal switches overexcitation voltage and holding voltage by turning on / off.

In this embodiment, when the first relay 4A to the fourth relay 4D are turned on from the off state, the coil current flowing through the first relay coil 7A to the fourth relay coil 7D keeps the on state after being turned on. The current characteristic is larger than the coil current flowing through the first relay coil 7A to the fourth relay coil 7D.
The variable voltage regulator 6 is provided between the power source + B and the first relay coil 7A to the fourth relay coil 7D of the first relay 4A to the fourth relay 4D, and can change the output voltage to an arbitrary value. Is.
Further, the relay control circuit 3 sets the output voltage value of the variable voltage regulator 6 to the first relay 4A to the fourth relay 4D when the first relay 4A to the fourth relay 4D are turned on from the OFF state, and the first relay. 4A to 4th relay 4D are different from the time when the on state is kept after being turned on.

That is, the coil current is suppressed by controlling the voltage applied to the first relay coil 7A to the fourth relay coil 7D using the variable voltage regulator 6.
The variable voltage regulator 6 outputs a stable voltage, thereby eliminating the switching as in the conventional PWM control and eliminating the generation of abnormal noise. Further, it eliminates the generation of element heat due to high-frequency noise and switching loss (switching loss) that has occurred due to switching by PWM control.
In general, when individual relays are controlled independently, it is necessary to create an overexcitation voltage and holding voltage for the voltage applied to the relay coil, and a switching circuit having a voltage adjustment function is required for each relay. It was. In addition, when a plurality of relays having the same characteristics or similar characteristics are used, the overexcitation voltage and the holding voltage may be used with the same set value.
Therefore, in this embodiment, the variable voltage regulator circuit 6 having a complicated configuration, a large number of parts and a large mounting area is shared, and a plurality of first relays 4A to 4A are divided by dividing circuits that are relatively easy to configure. A relay driving circuit 2 that can efficiently drive 4D by one variable voltage regulator circuit 6 is configured.
In this relay drive circuit 2, a variable voltage regulator 6 is newly added between the first relay coil 7A to the fourth relay coil 7D and the power source + B to suppress the coil currents of the plurality of first relays 4A to 4D 4D. Changed the method. This is not the conventional PWM control of the relay drive circuit, but the variable voltage regulator 6 is used to change the voltage applied to the first relay coil 7A to the fourth relay coil 7D of the first relay 4A to the fourth relay 4D. Thus, the overexcitation voltage (overexcitation current) and the holding voltage (holding current) can be switched. Since this voltage switching is output as a high voltage signal or a low voltage signal from the drive signal 5 from the relay control circuit 3, a pulse output function like a conventional PWM signal becomes unnecessary.
The first low-side switch 5A to the fourth low-side switch 5D receive the control signals 1 to 4 in order to turn on / off the individual first relay 4A to fourth relay 4D independently. Output to 1 relay 4A to 4th relay 4D. When the first low-side switch 5A to the fourth low-side switch 5D are on, the first relay 4A to the fourth relay 4D are on.
Therefore, since high-speed switching as in the conventional PWM drive is not performed, the conventional commutation diode is not required, and the configuration of the relay drive circuit 2 can be simplified. Further, since high-speed switching is not performed, the occurrence of switching loss is eliminated.

  That is, in this embodiment, the variable voltage regulator 6 has a function of changing the voltage applied to the relay coil 7 (a configuration capable of outputting overexcitation voltage and holding voltage), and the drive signal of the relay 4 and the variable voltage regulator By making the control system separate from the control signal of 6, the noise from the relay due to the switching of the audible frequency is eliminated, the high frequency noise generated by the PWM control signal is eliminated, and further, the element of the element due to the switching loss is eliminated. Eliminate fever. Further, since the overexcitation voltage and the holding voltage are the relays 4 that can use the same set value in all the first relays 4A to 4D, the plurality of first relays 4A to 4A are configured with one variable voltage regulator 6. The fourth relay 4D is efficiently driven.

Next, the relay drive control according to this embodiment will be specifically described based on the time chart of FIG. In FIG. 2, for example, drive control of the first relay 4A to the third relay 4C is illustrated. In FIG. 2, “first relay 4A to third relay 4C” are referred to as “relay 1 to relay 3”, and “first low side switch 5A to third low side switch 5C” are referred to as “low side switch 1”. ~ Low side switch 3 ".
As shown in FIG. 2, when the variable voltage regulator 6 outputs a low voltage to the first to third relays 4 </ b> A to 4 </ b> C (relays 1 to 3), to the first relay 4 </ b> A to the third relay 4 </ b> C. The coil current is zero (0).
Then, when the output voltage value of the variable voltage regulator 6 is changed from the low voltage to the high voltage (time t1), and then the first low-side switch 5A is turned on (drive signal 1) (time t2), the first relay 4A is turned on. When the coil current starts to increase from the zero (0) state and the coil current reaches a predetermined value S1 higher than the holding current R, the first relay 4A is turned on from the off state (time t3). The coil current is held at the maximum value S2 higher than the predetermined value S1.
Thereafter, when the second low-side switch 5B is turned on (drive signal 2) (time t4), the coil current of the second relay 4B starts to increase from the state of zero (0), and this coil current is higher than the holding current R. When the predetermined value S1 is reached, the second relay 4B is turned on from the OFF state (time t5), and this coil current is held at the maximum value S2 higher than the predetermined value S1.
Then, when the output voltage value of the variable voltage regulator 6 is changed from the High voltage to the Low voltage (time t6), the respective coil currents start to drop in the first relay 4A and the second relay 4B, and the respective coil currents. Is held at a holding value L slightly higher than the holding current R (time t7).
Thereafter, when the output voltage value of the variable voltage regulator 6 is changed from the low voltage to the high voltage again (time t8), the respective coil currents in the first relay 4A and the second relay 4B increase from the state of the holding value L. It starts and is held at the maximum value S2.
When the third low-side switch 5C is turned on (driving signal 3) (time t9), the coil current of the third relay 4C starts to increase from zero (0), and this coil current is higher than the holding current R. When the predetermined value S1 is reached, the third relay 4C is turned on from the OFF state (time t10), and this coil current is held at the maximum value S2 higher than the predetermined value S1.
Further, when the output voltage value of the variable voltage regulator 6 is changed from the High voltage to the Low voltage (time t11), the respective coil currents start to drop in the first relay 4A to the third relay 4C, and this coil current is held. It is held at a holding value L that is slightly higher than the current R (time t12).
Thereafter, when the first low-side switch 5A is turned off from on (time t13), the coil current of the first relay 4A starts to drop from the holding value L. When this coil current becomes the holding current R (time t14), the first The relay 4A is turned off, and then the coil current of the first relay 4A becomes zero (0) (time t15).

As described above, in the relay drive circuit 2, the variable voltage regulator 6 switches the overexcitation voltage and the holding voltage, and the first low side switch 5A to the fourth low side switch 5D perform the first operation. The relay 4A to the fourth relay 4D are turned on / off, and when the first low side switch 5A to the fourth low side switch 5D are turned on from the off state, an overexcitation voltage is output, and this overexcitation voltage is set for a certain period of time. After output, the operation shifts to holding voltage output. Note that when the first low-side switch 5A to the fourth low-side switch 5D are turned from on to off, no overexcitation voltage is required.
As a result, in the conventional PWM control, the voltage applied to the relay coil is switched in order to suppress the self-heating due to the coil current at the time of relay driving. For this reason, when switching at an audible frequency, There was an abnormal noise.
On the other hand, in this embodiment, since the switching is not performed, it is possible to suppress the generation of noise while suppressing self-heating due to the coil current.
Further, in the conventional PWM control, the voltage applied to the relay coil is switched to suppress self-heating due to the coil current at the time of relay driving. However, when switching at a frequency lower than the audible frequency, the average current is switched. Therefore, the self-heating suppression effect was small.
On the other hand, in this embodiment, since the switching is not performed, self-heating due to the coil current can be sufficiently suppressed.
Furthermore, in the conventional PWM control, the voltage applied to the relay coil is switched to suppress self-heating due to the coil current at the time of relay driving. However, when switching at a higher frequency than the audible frequency, driving by switching loss is performed. The element generated heat and generated high-frequency noise.
On the other hand, in this embodiment, since the switching is not performed, it is possible to suppress the heat generation of the drive element and the generation of high-frequency noise while suppressing self-heating due to the coil current.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, since high-speed switching as in the conventional PWM control is not performed, a conventional commutation diode is not required, and the configuration of the relay drive circuit 2 can be simplified.

  The relay drive circuit of the present invention is applicable not only to the drive of the relay but also to the general drive of the solenoid.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Relay drive control device 2 Relay drive circuit 3 Relay control circuit 4 Relay 5 Low side switch 6 Variable voltage regulator 7 Relay coil 8 Contact

Claims (1)

In the relay drive circuit that turns this relay on and off according to the amount of current flowing through the relay,
The relay has a current characteristic that the coil current flowing through the relay coil when turning on from the off state is larger than the coil current flowing through the relay coil in order to keep the on state after being turned on,
A plurality of relays having the same characteristics that can be used with the same set value for the overexcitation voltage and the holding voltage are provided,
Provide one variable voltage regulator that can change the output voltage to an arbitrary value between the power supply and the plurality of relay coils,
When the output voltage value of the variable voltage regulator is such that at least one of the plurality of relays does not turn on a relay other than the first relay than when the first relay is turned on from the off state. The relay driving circuit is characterized in that the relay driving circuit is set to be small when the first relay is kept on after the first relay is turned on.

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