JP5613524B2 - 再生水素化処理用触媒の製造方法及び石油製品の製造方法 - Google Patents
再生水素化処理用触媒の製造方法及び石油製品の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5613524B2 JP5613524B2 JP2010237538A JP2010237538A JP5613524B2 JP 5613524 B2 JP5613524 B2 JP 5613524B2 JP 2010237538 A JP2010237538 A JP 2010237538A JP 2010237538 A JP2010237538 A JP 2010237538A JP 5613524 B2 JP5613524 B2 JP 5613524B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/90—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J23/94—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the iron group metals or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/882—Molybdenum and cobalt
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/02—Heat treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/04—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
- B01J38/12—Treating with free oxygen-containing gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/12—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/32—Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds
- C10G45/34—Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/36—Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/38—Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/44—Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons
- C10G45/46—Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/48—Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/50—Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten metal, or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/44—Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons
- C10G45/46—Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/54—Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
本実施形態において、水素化処理用触媒は、周期表第6族元素から選ばれる金属元素(以下、場合により「金属元素M」と称する。)を有する。ここで、周期表第6族元素から選ばれる金属元素としては、クロム(Cr)、モリブデン(Mo)、タングステン(W)が挙げられる。なお、ここで周期表とは、国際純正・応用化学連合(IUPAC)により規定された長周期型の周期表をいう。水素化処理用触媒は、周期表第6族元素から選ばれる金属元素として、モリブデン又はタングステンを有することが好ましく、モリブデンを有することがより好ましい。
留出石油留分の水素化処理工程においては、水素化処理反応の前に、水素化処理用設備に充填された触媒の予備硫化を行い、触媒中の金属元素を金属硫化物とすることが好ましい。
本実施形態に係る再生水素化処理用触媒の製造方法は、留出石油留分の水素化処理に用いられた水素化処理用触媒であって、周期表第6族元素から選ばれる金属元素を有する触媒(以下、「使用済み触媒」)を用意する第1の工程と、第1の工程で用意した触媒の一部について再生処理を行った後、再生処理後の触媒についてX線微細構造分析を行い、広域X線吸収微細構造スペクトルから得られる動径分布曲線において、上記金属元素と硫黄原子との結合に帰属されるピークのピーク強度ISと上記金属元素と酸素原子との結合に帰属されるピークのピーク強度IOとの比IS/IOが、0.1〜0.3となる再生処理条件を求める第2の工程と、第1の工程で用意した触媒の他部について、第2の工程に基づいて決定された再生処理条件で再生処理を行う第3の工程と、を備える。
X線源:連続X線
分光結晶:Si(311)
ビームサイズ:1mm×2mm
検出器:電離箱
測定雰囲気:大気
Dwell time:1sec
測定範囲:Mo K吸収端(19500〜21200eV)
データ解析(フーリエ変換)プログラム:REX2000(リガク製)
X線源:連続X線
分光結晶:Si(311)
ビームサイズ:1mm×2mm
検出器:電離箱
測定雰囲気:大気
Dwell time:1sec
測定範囲:W L3吸収端(9700〜101400eV)
データ解析(フーリエ変換)プログラム:REX2000(リガク製)
X線源:連続X線
分光結晶:Si(111)
ビームサイズ:1mm×2mm
検出器:電離箱
測定雰囲気:大気
Dwell time:1sec
測定範囲:Cr K吸収端(5500〜7200eV)
データ解析(フーリエ変換)プログラム:REX2000(リガク製)
(第1の工程)
第1の工程では、使用済み触媒を用意し、第1の工程で用意された使用済み触媒の一部が第2の工程に供され、他部が第3の工程に供される。
第2の工程では、上記ピーク強度の比IS/IOが、0.1〜0.3となる再生処理条件を求める。該再生処理条件を求める方法は限定されず、例えば、下記方法(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)に記載の方法が挙げられる。
使用済み触媒の一部を複数の試料に分け、それぞれの試料について、処理温度を変更し、処理温度以外の再生処理条件(処理時間、処理雰囲気等)は変更せず、再生処理を行う。再生処理後、それぞれの試料について比IS/IOを求め、比IS/IOが0.1〜0.3となる処理時間を求める。
使用済み触媒の一部を複数の試料に分け、それぞれの試料について、処理時間を変更し、処理時間以外の再生処理条件(処理温度、処理雰囲気等)は変更せず、再生処理を行う。再生処理後、それぞれの試料について比IS/IOを求め、比IS/IOが0.1〜0.3となる処理温度を求める。
使用済み触媒の一部を再生処理とX線微細構造分析とを同時に行うことができる測定器に設置し、再生処理を行いつつ、所定の間隔で(例えば、一分毎に)X線微細構造分析を行う。そして、該X線微細構造分析の結果から、比IS/IOの経時変化を求め、比IS/IOが0.1〜0.3となる処理時間を得る。
使用済み触媒の一部を複数の試料に分け、それぞれの試料について、再生処理とX線微細構造分析とを同時に行うことができる測定器に設置し、試料毎に処理温度を変更して、再生処理を行いつつ所定の間隔(例えば、一分毎に)X線微細構造分析を行う。そして、該X線微細構造分析の結果から、各処理温度における比IS/IOの経時変化を求め、各処理温度における比IS/IOが0.1〜0.3となる処理時間を求める。
第3の工程では、第2の工程に基づいて決定された再生処理条件で、使用済み触媒の再生処理を行う。
以下、第2の工程、第3の工程における再生処理について詳述する。再生処理の具体的な態様は特に限定されず、公知の再生方法で行うことができる。
本実施形態に係る製造方法によって製造された再生水素化処理用触媒は、十分に水素化処理用触媒を再生することができ、且つ過度な再生処理とならないような再生処理条件によって、製造されたものであるため、高い活性を有する。
このような再生水素化処理用触媒は、上述の留出石油留分の水素化処理工程の触媒として単独で使用してもよく、未使用触媒と積層して使用してもよい。未使用触媒と積層して使用する場合、再生水素化処理用触媒の割合は特に限定されるものではないが、触媒廃棄量の削減、触媒交換時における触媒の分離し易さ等の観点で未使用触媒100に対して80以上(質量比)が好ましく、120以上(質量比)がより好ましい。再生水素化処理用触媒の使用に際し、水素化処理は、上記水素化処理工程と同様にして行うことができる。
(未使用触媒及び使用済み触媒)
活性金属としてモリブデン及びコバルトをアルミナ担体に担持した触媒(未使用触媒、モリブデン担持量(酸化物換算):22.9質量%、コバルト担持量(酸化物換算):2.5質量%)を用意した。次に、上記の触媒の一部を、灯油の水素化処理設備において2年間使用し、使用済み触媒を得た。
上記の使用済み触媒の一部について、再生処理とX線微細構造分析とを同時に行うために高エネルギー加速器研究機構の放射光研究施設PF―ARのビームラインNW10AのXAFS実験ステーション内にXAFS測定用のin−situセルを設置し、再生処理を行いつつ、再生処理開始から30分経過後まで、1分毎にXAFS分析を行った。各XAFS分析の結果から得られたMo K吸収端のEXAFSスペクトルから、動径分布曲線を得た。得られた動径分布曲線の経時変化を図1に示す。
上記の使用済み触媒の一部を用いて、上記比IS/IOが表1に示す値となる再生処理条件で再生処理を行った。得られた再生触媒は、以下の方法で触媒活性を評価した。
未使用触媒及び再生触媒のそれぞれについて、以下のようにして触媒活性を評価した。 まず、固定床連続流通式反応装置に触媒を充填し、触媒の予備硫化を行った。具体的には、灯油留分に、該留分の質量基準で1質量%のDMDSを添加し、これを48時間上記触媒に対して連続的に供給した。そしてその後、上記の灯油留分(DMDS未添加のもの)を原料油として、水素分圧3MPa、LHSV 1h−1、水素/油比200NL/L、反応温度300℃で水素化処理反応を行った。生成油中の硫黄分含有量から、脱硫速度定数を求めた。また、未使用触媒の脱硫速度定数を1として、再生触媒の比活性を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
実施例1と同様のXAFS分析を、所定の再生処理温度T1℃で行い、比IS/IOと処理時間との関係を求めた。そして、比IS/IOが0.3となる最初の処理時間を、再生処理温度T1における最低必要処理時間a1とした。
再生装置Bを用いたときの再生処理温度T2における必要処理時間b2を、以下の式(1)により求めたところ、b2=3.76時間であった。
b2=b1×a2/a1 (1)
再生装置Bを用いて、再生処理温度T2、処理時間3.76時間で再生処理を行ったところ、得られた再生触媒の比活性は0.89であり、高い活性を有する再生触媒が得られた。
再生装置Bを用いたときの再生処理温度T3における必要処理時間b3を、以下の式(2)により求めたところ、b3=1.50時間であった。
b3=b1×a3/a1 (2)
再生装置Bを用いて、再生処理温度T3、処理時間1.50時間で再生処理を行ったところ、得られた再生触媒の比活性は0.88であり、高い活性を有する再生触媒が得られた。
Claims (2)
- 留出石油留分の水素化処理に用いられた水素化処理用触媒であって、周期表第6族元素から選ばれる金属元素を有する触媒を用意する第1の工程と、
前記第1の工程で用意した前記触媒の一部について再生処理を行った後、再生処理後の前記触媒についてX線微細構造分析を行い、広域X線吸収微細構造スペクトルから得られる動径分布曲線において、前記金属元素と硫黄原子との結合に帰属されるピークのピーク強度ISと前記金属元素と酸素原子との結合に帰属されるピークのピーク強度IOとの比IS/IOが、0.1〜0.3となる再生処理条件を求める第2の工程と、
前記第1の工程で用意した前記触媒の他部について、前記第2の工程に基づいて決定された再生処理条件で再生処理を行う第3の工程と、を備える再生水素化処理用触媒の製造方法。 - 前記金属元素は、モリブデン又はタングステンである、請求項1に記載の再生水素化処理用触媒の製造方法。
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