JP5594568B2 - Cutting tool made of cubic boron nitride based ultra high pressure sintered material and cutting tool made of surface coated cubic boron nitride based ultra high pressure sintered material - Google Patents
Cutting tool made of cubic boron nitride based ultra high pressure sintered material and cutting tool made of surface coated cubic boron nitride based ultra high pressure sintered material Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、切削工具、表面被覆切削工具のすくい面のクレータ摩耗の発生の低減を図るとともに、クレータ摩耗の発達による刃先強度の低下を防止し、もって、耐チッピング性の向上を図った立方晶窒化ホウ素（以下、ｃＢＮで示す）基超高圧焼結材料製切削工具（以下、ｃＢＮ工具という）及びｃＢＮ工具に硬質膜を蒸着形成した表面被覆立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料製切削工具（以下、被覆ｃＢＮ工具という）に関する。 The present invention aims to reduce the occurrence of crater wear on the rake face of cutting tools and surface-coated cutting tools, and prevent the cutting edge strength from being lowered due to the development of crater wear, thereby improving the chipping resistance. Cutting made of boron nitride (hereinafter referred to as cBN) based ultra high pressure sintered material (hereinafter referred to as cBN tool) and surface coated cubic boron nitride based ultra high pressure sintered material obtained by vapor deposition of hard film on cBN tool The present invention relates to a tool (hereinafter referred to as a coated cBN tool).
従来、鋼、鋳鉄等の鉄系被削材の切削加工には、被削材との親和性の低い工具材料としてｃＢＮ基超高圧焼結材料（以下、ｃＢＮ焼結材という）を用いたｃＢＮ工具が知られており、また、ｃＢＮ工具の耐摩耗性の向上、工具寿命の改善等の観点から、ｃＢＮ工具表面に硬質膜を蒸着形成した被覆ｃＢＮ工具も良く知られている。
例えば、特許文献１に示すように、高硬度鋼の切削加工において、耐摩耗性の向上を図るため、ｃＢＮ工具の表面に、ＴｉＡｌＮ等のＴｉベースの硬質膜を物理蒸着で蒸着形成した被覆ｃＢＮ工具が知られているが、この被覆ｃＢＮ工具によれば、逃げ面摩耗の抑制に効果はみられるものの、すくい面に発生するクレータ摩耗の抑制効果は十分とはいえなかった。
また、クレータ摩耗の抑制を図るための切削工具としては、例えば、特許文献２に示すように、超硬合金からなる工具基体の表面に酸化アルミニウム（以下、Ａｌ２Ｏ３で示す）を化学蒸着で形成した被覆超硬工具が知られている。
Conventionally, cBN based ultra-high pressure sintered material (hereinafter referred to as cBN sintered material) has been used as a tool material having low affinity with the work material for cutting of steel-based work materials such as steel and cast iron. A tool is known, and a coated cBN tool in which a hard film is vapor-deposited on the surface of a cBN tool is also well known from the viewpoint of improving the wear resistance of the cBN tool and improving the tool life.
For example, as shown in Patent Document 1, a coated cBN in which a Ti-based hard film such as TiAlN is vapor-deposited on the surface of a cBN tool in order to improve wear resistance in cutting of high-hardness steel. Although a tool is known, according to this coated cBN tool, although the effect of suppressing the flank wear is seen, the effect of suppressing the crater wear generated on the rake face is not sufficient.
Further, as a cutting tool for suppressing crater wear, for example, as shown in Patent Document 2, aluminum oxide (hereinafter referred to as Al 2 O 3 ) is chemically vapor-deposited on the surface of a tool base made of cemented carbide. A coated carbide tool formed of
従来のｃＢＮ工具においては耐クレータ摩耗性が十分でなく、また、これを改善するために、ｃＢＮ工具に対してＡｌ２Ｏ３膜からなる硬質膜を化学蒸着で形成しようとした場合、ｃＢＮ工具はその刃先を超硬合金母材等にろう付けしているが、化学蒸着時にろう付け部の温度が高温にさらされ、そのため、被覆ｃＢＮ工具の刃先がろう付け部から脱落しやすいという問題点があった。
そこで、本発明は、耐クレータ摩耗性にすぐれ、刃先強度の低下がなく耐チッピング性にすぐれたｃＢＮ工具を提供するとともに、ｃＢＮ工具に対して硬質膜を蒸着形成した場合にも、ろう付け部からの刃先の脱落の恐れがなく、しかも、耐クレータ摩耗性、耐チッピング性にすぐれた被覆ｃＢＮ工具を提供することを目的とする。
In the conventional cBN tool, the crater wear resistance is not sufficient, and in order to improve this, when a hard film made of Al 2 O 3 film is formed on the cBN tool by chemical vapor deposition, the cBN tool Is brazed to a cemented carbide base metal, etc., but the temperature of the brazing part is exposed to a high temperature during chemical vapor deposition, so that the cutting edge of the coated cBN tool tends to fall off from the brazing part. was there.
Therefore, the present invention provides a cBN tool that has excellent crater wear resistance, no reduction in cutting edge strength, and excellent chipping resistance, and even when a hard film is formed on the cBN tool by brazing, It is an object of the present invention to provide a coated cBN tool which has no fear of falling off the blade edge and has excellent crater wear resistance and chipping resistance.
本発明者等は、上記課題を解決するため、ｃＢＮ工具あるいは被覆ｃＢＮ工具のｃＢＮ焼結材構成成分であるｃＢＮ粒子に着目し、鋭意研究したところ、次のような知見を得た。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of the present invention focused on cBN particles, which are constituents of the cBN sintered material of the cBN tool or the coated cBN tool, and conducted earnest research, and obtained the following knowledge.
従来のｃＢＮ工具あるいは被覆ｃＢＮ工具の作製に際して、ｃＢＮ焼結材構成成分であるｃＢＮ粉末を、バインダー（結合相）形成成分であるＴｉＮ粉末、ＴｉＡｌ３粉末、Ａｌ２Ｏ３粉末等と混合し、これを超高圧高温条件下で焼結することによりｃＢＮ焼結材を作製し、これを超硬合金母材にろう付け接合し刃先を形成していたため、工具の耐クレータ摩耗性向上のために、化学蒸着等によるＡｌ２Ｏ３硬質膜の蒸着形成を行った場合には、蒸着時の高温にさらされることによる刃先の脱落が生じていた。 When producing a conventional cBN tool or a coated cBN tool, cBN powder as a constituent component of a cBN sintered material is mixed with TiN powder, TiAl 3 powder, Al 2 O 3 powder as a binder (binding phase) forming component, Since this was sintered under ultra high pressure and high temperature conditions, a cBN sintered material was produced, and this was brazed to a cemented carbide base material to form a cutting edge. When the Al 2 O 3 hard film was vapor-deposited by chemical vapor deposition or the like, the cutting edge was dropped due to exposure to a high temperature during vapor deposition.
そこで、本発明者らは、ｃＢＮ焼結材の作製に際し、ｃＢＮ焼結材の構成成分であるｃＢＮ粒子表面に、例えば、ＡＬＤ（Ａｔｏｍｉｃ Ｌａｙｅｒ Ｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ。真空チャンバ内の基材に、原料化合物の分子を一層ごと反応させ、Ａｒや窒素によるパージを繰り返し行うことで成膜する方法で、ＣＶＤ法の一種である。）法等により、微小膜厚のＡｌ２Ｏ３膜を予め形成しておき、この予めＡｌ２Ｏ３膜でコーティングされたｃＢＮ粒子を原料粉末として用いてｃＢＮ焼結材を作製したところ、ｃＢＮ粒子の表面がＡｌ２Ｏ３膜でコーティングされた焼結材が得られるため、このｃＢＮ焼結材を工具基体とした場合には、すくい面表面に直接ｃＢＮが露出することがなく、すぐれた耐クレータ摩耗性が得られ、また、このｃＢＮ焼結材を超硬合金母材にろう付けした後、Ａｌ２Ｏ３硬質膜を蒸着で形成する必要もない。
つまり、ｃＢＮ焼結材の構成成分であるｃＢＮ粒子として、予め微小膜厚のＡｌ２Ｏ３膜をコーティングしたｃＢＮ粒子を用いることにより、蒸着時の高温による刃先の脱落が生じる恐れのあるＡｌ２Ｏ３硬質膜の蒸着形成を行わなくとも、耐クレータ摩耗性にすぐれたｃＢＮ工具が得られることを見出したのである。
Therefore, the present inventors, when producing the cBN sintered material, on the surface of the cBN particles, which is a constituent component of the cBN sintered material, for example, ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition). Is formed by repeatedly purging with Ar and nitrogen, and is a kind of CVD method.) A thin Al 2 O 3 film is formed in advance by the method or the like, When a cBN sintered material was prepared using cBN particles previously coated with an Al 2 O 3 film as a raw material powder, a sintered material in which the surface of the cBN particles was coated with an Al 2 O 3 film was obtained. When this cBN sintered material is used as a tool base, cBN is not directly exposed on the surface of the rake face, and excellent crater wear resistance is obtained. After the N sintered material brazed to the cemented carbide base material, there is no need to form in the deposited Al 2 O 3 hard film.
In other words, the cBN particles, a component of the cBN sintered material, by the use of the coated cBN particles an Al 2 O 3 film in advance small thickness, a possibility of falling off of the cutting edge due to the high temperature during the deposition occurs Al 2 It has been found that a cBN tool having excellent crater wear resistance can be obtained without performing vapor deposition of an O 3 hard film.
本発明は、上記知見に基づいてなされたものであって、
「（１） 立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料からなる工具基体を超硬合金母材にろう付け接合した立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料製切削工具において、
上記立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料は、酸化アルミニウムによってその表面が均一に切れ間なく被覆され、かつ、該酸化アルミニウムの被覆厚さと立方晶窒化ほう素粒子の粒径の比の値は０．００３３３〜０．１３６６７である立方晶窒化ほう素粒子粉末と、ＴｉＣ粉末、ＴｉＮ粉末およびＴｉＣＮ粉末の内の一種以上と、ＴｉＡｌ３粉末、Ａｌ２Ｏ３粉末およびＷＣ粉末との焼結材であることを特徴とする立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料製切削工具。
（２） 立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料からなる工具基体を超硬合金母材にろう付け接合した立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料製切削工具において、
上記立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料の構成成分である立方晶窒化ほう素粒子の表面は酸化アルミニウムによって均一に切れ間なく被覆され、かつ、該酸化アルミニウムの被覆厚さと立方晶窒化ほう素粒子の粒径の比の値は０．００３３３〜０．１３６６７であり、また、上記立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料のその他の構成成分は、ＴｉＣ、ＴｉＮおよびＴｉＣＮの内の一種以上と、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＷＣ、および、ＴｉまたはＡｌを含む反応生成物とからなることを特徴とする立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料製切削工具。
（３） 前記（１）または（２）に記載の立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料製切削工具の表面に、硬質膜を蒸着形成したことを特徴とする表面被覆立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料製切削工具。」
を特徴とするものである。
The present invention has been made based on the above findings,
“(1) In a cutting tool made of cubic boron nitride-based ultrahigh pressure sintered material obtained by brazing a tool base made of cubic boron nitride-based ultrahigh pressure sintered material to a cemented carbide base material,
The cubic boron nitride-based ultra-high pressure sintered material has its surface uniformly coated with aluminum oxide , and the value of the ratio between the coating thickness of the aluminum oxide and the particle size of the cubic boron nitride particles is 0.00333 to 0.13667 and cubic boron nitride particles powder Ru der, TiC powder, sintering of the one or more of TiN powder and TiCN powder, TiAl 3 powder, and Al 2 O 3 powder and WC powder A cutting tool made of a cubic boron nitride-based ultra-high pressure sintered material characterized by being a material.
(2) In a cutting tool made of cubic boron nitride-based ultra-high pressure sintered material in which a tool base made of cubic boron nitride-based ultra-high pressure sintered material is brazed to a cemented carbide base material,
The surface of cubic boron nitride particles, which are constituents of the cubic boron nitride-based ultrahigh pressure sintered material, is uniformly and continuously coated with aluminum oxide , and the coating thickness of the aluminum oxide and the cubic boron nitride one of a value of the ratio of the particle size of the particles Ri 0.00333 to 0.13667 der, also other components of the cubic boron nitride containing group ultrahigh pressure sintered material, TiC, TiN and TiCN A cubic boron nitride-based ultrahigh pressure sintered material cutting tool comprising the above and a reaction product containing Al 2 O 3 , WC, and Ti or Al.
( 3 ) A surface-coated cubic boron nitride, characterized in that a hard film is deposited on the surface of the cutting tool made of the cubic boron nitride-based ultrahigh pressure sintered material according to (1) or (2). Cutting tool made of super high pressure sintered material. "
It is characterized by.
本発明について、以下に説明する。 The present invention will be described below.
本発明のｃＢＮ工具、被覆ｃＢＮ工具では、ｃＢＮ焼結材料で工具基体が構成されるが、該ｃＢＮ焼結材のｃＢＮ原料粉末としては、微小膜厚のＡｌ２Ｏ３膜が予めでコーティングされたｃＢＮ粒子を使用する。
例えば、ＡＬＤ法により、ｃＢＮ粒子表面に微小膜厚のＡｌ２Ｏ３膜をコーティングする場合、流動層炉内にｃＢＮ粒子を装入し、０．８Ｔｏｒｒの減圧下にて、２００℃程度に昇温し、Ａｌ（ＣＨ３）３ガス流入工程、Ａｒガスパージ工程、Ｈ２Ｏガス流入工程、Ａｒガスパージ工程を１サイクルとして、このサイクルを目標層厚になるまで繰り返す（例えば、１時間かけて１０ｎｍのＡｌ２Ｏ３膜を成膜する）ことにより、Ａｌ ２ Ｏ ３ の被覆厚さと立方晶窒化ほう素粒子の粒径の比の値が０．００３３３〜０．１３６６７であるＡｌ２Ｏ３膜をｃＢＮ粒子表面に形成することができる。
ここで、上記ｃＢＮ粒子表面にコーティングされたＡｌ２Ｏ３膜に切れ間があると、すくい面表面にｃＢＮが直接露出する可能性が高くなるため、Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜は均一に切れ間なくｃＢＮ粒子表面をコーティングする程度の平均被覆厚さを有する必要があるが、Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜の平均被覆厚さがｃＢＮ粒子の平均直径の１／２を超えるようになると、刃先エッジに存在するＡｌ２Ｏ３がｃＢＮ粒子より先に摩滅するためｃＢＮ粒子の脱落が顕著になり、刃先のシャープさを維持できなくなることから、Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜の平均被覆厚さは、ｃＢＮ粒子の平均直径の１／２以下と定める。本発明では、実施例に基づき、Ａｌ ２ Ｏ ３ の被覆厚さと立方晶窒化ほう素粒子の粒径の比の値が０．００３３３〜０．１３６６７となるようにＡｌ ２ Ｏ ３ 膜の平均被覆厚さを定めた。
ｃＢＮ粒子表面のＡｌ２Ｏ３膜の被覆の均一性については、ＴＥＭ（透過型電子顕微鏡）観察を行うことによって確認することができる。
In the cBN tool and the coated cBN tool of the present invention, the tool base is composed of a cBN sintered material. As the cBN raw material powder of the cBN sintered material, an Al 2 O 3 film having a small thickness is coated in advance. CBN particles are used.
For example, when coating the surface of cBN particles with an Al 2 O 3 film having a very small thickness by the ALD method, the cBN particles are charged into a fluidized bed furnace and the temperature is raised to about 200 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 0.8 Torr. Warm, Al (CH 3 ) 3 gas inflow process, Ar gas purge process, H 2 O gas inflow process, and Ar gas purge process are taken as one cycle, and this cycle is repeated until the target layer thickness is reached (for example, 10 nm over 1 hour) by forming the of the Al 2 O 3 film) that, the Al 2 O 3 film values of the ratio of the particle size of the coating thickness and the cubic boron nitride particles of Al 2 O 3 is from 0.00333 to 0.13667 Can be formed on the surface of the cBN particles.
Here, if there is a break in the Al 2 O 3 film coated on the surface of the cBN particle, there is a high possibility that cBN is directly exposed on the surface of the rake face. Therefore, the Al 2 O 3 film is uniformly cleaved without cBN particles. Although it is necessary to have an average coating thickness enough to coat the surface, when the average coating thickness of the Al 2 O 3 film exceeds 1/2 of the average diameter of the cBN particles, Al 2 present at the edge of the blade Since O 3 is abraded before the cBN particles, the cBN particles fall off significantly, and the sharpness of the blade edge cannot be maintained. Therefore, the average coating thickness of the Al 2 O 3 film is 1 of the average diameter of the cBN particles. / 2 or less. In the present invention, based on the example, the average coating of the Al 2 O 3 film so that the ratio of the coating thickness of the Al 2 O 3 and the particle size of the cubic boron nitride particles is 0.00333 to 0.13667. The thickness was determined.
The uniformity of the Al 2 O 3 film coating on the cBN particle surface can be confirmed by TEM (transmission electron microscope) observation.
上記で作製した微小膜厚のＡｌ２Ｏ３膜でコーティングされたｃＢＮ粒子を硬質相の原料粉末として用い、ｃＢＮ焼結材中の他の構成成分、例えば、結合相（バインダー）成分等としては、周期律表ＶＩａ、Ｖａ、ＶＩａ族元素の窒化物、炭化物、硼化物、酸化物ならびにこれらの固溶体からなる群の中から選択された少なくとも１種の粉末とを所定配合組成になるように配合し、これを通常の超高圧高温条件下で焼結することにより、ｃＢＮ焼結材を作製し、これを、超硬合金からなる母材にろう付け接合することにより、本発明ｃＢＮ工具を作製する。
本発明ｃＢＮ工具は、少なくともそのすくい面に、Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜の露出はあっても、ｃＢＮ粒子が露出することはないので、耐クレータ摩耗性にすぐれ、さらに、刃先強度の低下が少ないことから耐チッピング性にすぐれるという性能を備える。
Using the cBN particles coated with the Al 2 O 3 film having a small film thickness prepared above as the raw material powder of the hard phase, as other constituent components in the cBN sintered material, such as a binder phase (binder) component, etc. And periodic table VIa, Va, at least one powder selected from the group consisting of nitrides, carbides, borides, oxides, and solid solutions of group VIa elements so as to have a predetermined composition Then, a sintered cBN material is produced by sintering this under normal ultrahigh pressure and high temperature conditions, and this is then brazed to a base material made of a cemented carbide to produce the cBN tool of the present invention. To do.
The cBN tool of the present invention is excellent in crater wear resistance and has little decrease in blade edge strength because cBN particles are not exposed even if the Al 2 O 3 film is exposed at least on the rake face. It has the performance of excellent chipping resistance.
図１に、ｃＢＮ焼結材中に存在するｃＢＮ粒子、ｃＢＮ粒子表面を被覆するＡｌ２Ｏ３膜及び結合相（バインダー）の概略模式図を示す。 FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of cBN particles present in a cBN sintered material, an Al 2 O 3 film covering the surface of the cBN particles, and a binder phase (binder).
さらに、上記で作製した本発明ｃＢＮ工具の表面に、例えば、Ｔｉの窒化物層、Ｔｉの炭窒化物層、ＴｉとＡｌの複合窒化物層等の硬質膜を物理蒸着等で被覆形成することにより被覆ｃＢＮ工具を作製すると、蒸着時の高温によってろう付け部からの刃先の脱落が生じる恐れはなく、耐クレータ摩耗性、耐チッピング性に加え、より一段とすぐれた耐摩耗性を有し、長寿命の被覆ｃＢＮ工具を得ることができる。
なお、硬質膜の種類は上記のものに限定されるわけではなく、他のいかなる硬質膜でも構わない。
Further, a hard film such as a Ti nitride layer, a Ti carbonitride layer, or a Ti and Al composite nitride layer is coated on the surface of the cBN tool of the present invention produced as described above by physical vapor deposition or the like. When a coated cBN tool is manufactured by the above, there is no risk of the blade tip falling off from the brazed part due to the high temperature during vapor deposition. In addition to crater wear resistance and chipping resistance, the tool has a much higher wear resistance. A long-life coated cBN tool can be obtained.
The kind of hard film is not limited to the above, and any other hard film may be used.
上記のとおり、本発明のｃＢＮ工具においては、ｃＢＮ焼結材の構成成分であるｃＢＮ粒子の表面が、Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜によって均一に切れ間なく被覆され、かつ、該酸化アルミニウムの被覆厚さと立方晶窒化ほう素粒子の粒径の比の値は０．００３３３〜０．１３６６７であることによって、すぐれた耐クレータ摩耗性、耐チッピング性を発揮し、さらに、本発明ｃＢＮ工具に物理蒸着等によってＴｉＡｌＮ等の硬質膜を蒸着形成した本発明の被覆ｃＢＮ工具は、蒸着時の高温による刃先の脱落もなく、より一段とすぐれた耐摩耗性を発揮し、工具寿命の延命化を図ることができる。 As described above, in the cBN tool of the present invention, the surface of the cBN particles is a component of the cBN sintered material, coated uniformly rift without the A l 2 O 3 film, and the coating thickness of the aluminum oxide the ratio of the value 0.00333 to 0.13667 der Rukoto of the particle size of the cubic boron nitride particles, exhibit excellent crater wear resistance, chipping resistance, further, a physical vapor deposition to the present invention cBN tools The coated cBN tool of the present invention in which a hard film such as TiAlN is vapor-deposited by means of, for example, exhibits superior wear resistance without the removal of the blade edge due to high temperatures during vapor deposition, and can extend the tool life. it can.
以下に、本発明のｃＢＮ工具、被覆ｃＢＮ工具を実施例に基づいて説明する。 Hereinafter, the cBN tool and the coated cBN tool of the present invention will be described based on examples.
微小膜厚のＡｌ２Ｏ３膜でコーティングされたｃＢＮ粒子粉末の作製：
平均粒径３μｍのｃＢＮ粒子を基材とし、これに、表１に示される条件のＡＬＤ（Ａｔｏｍｉｃ Ｌａｙｅｒ Ｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ）法により、表１に示される膜厚のＡｌ２Ｏ３膜を均一にかつ切れ間なく形成する。
なお、上記で得られた微小膜厚のＡｌ２Ｏ３膜でコーティングされたｃＢＮ粒子粉末について、ＴＥＭ（透過型電子顕微鏡）を用いて観察したところ、ｃＢＮ粒子表面に表１に示される（Ａｌ２Ｏ３コーティング膜厚）／（ｃＢＮ粒径）の値が０．００３３３〜０．１３６６７であるＡｌ２Ｏ３膜が均一にかつ切れ間なくコーティングされていることが確認された。
Preparation of cBN particle powder coated with a very thin Al 2 O 3 film:
Using a cBN particle having an average particle diameter of 3 μm as a base material, an Al 2 O 3 film having a thickness shown in Table 1 is uniformly and continuously formed by an ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method under the conditions shown in Table 1. Form.
The cBN particle powder coated with the Al 2 O 3 film having a small film thickness obtained above was observed using a TEM (transmission electron microscope), and as shown in Table 1 on the surface of the cBN particle (Al It was confirmed that the Al 2 O 3 film having a value of ( 2 O 3 coating film thickness) / (cBN particle size) of 0.00333 to 0.13667 was uniformly and seamlessly coated.
原料粉末として、上記で作製した微小膜厚のＡｌ２Ｏ３膜でコーティングされたｃＢＮ粒子粉末と、いずれも０．３〜０．９μｍの範囲内の平均粒径を有するＴｉＣ粉末、ＴｉＮ粉末、ＴｉＣＮ粉末、ＴｉＡｌ３粉末、Ａｌ２Ｏ３粉末、ＷＣ粉末を用意し、これら原料粉末を表２に示される配合組成に配合し（但し、微小膜厚のＡｌ２Ｏ３膜でコーティングされたｃＢＮ粒子粉末の配合割合は、いずれも７０容量％）、ボールミルで２４時間アセトンを用いて湿式混合し、乾燥した後、油圧プレスにて成形圧１ＭＰａで直径：５０ｍｍ×厚さ：１．５ｍｍの寸法にプレス成形し、ついでこの成形体を、圧力：１Ｐａの真空雰囲気中、１０００〜１３００℃の範囲内の所定温度に３０〜６０分間保持して熱処理し、揮発成分および粉末表面への吸着成分を除去して切刃片用予備焼結体とし、この予備焼結体を、別途用意した、Ｃｏ：８質量％、ＷＣ：残りの組成、並びに直径：５０ｍｍ×厚さ：２ｍｍの寸法をもったＷＣ基超硬合金製支持片と重ね合わせた状態で、通常の超高圧焼結装置に装入し、通常の条件である圧力：５ＧＰａ、温度：１５００℃、保持時間：３０分間の条件で超高圧高温焼結し、ｃＢＮ焼結材を得る。このｃＢＮ焼結材の構成成分であるｃＢＮ粒子の表面はＡｌ２Ｏ３によって均一に切れ間なく被覆されており、また、ｃＢＮ焼結材のその他の構成成分は、ＴｉＣ、ＴｉＮおよびＴｉＣＮの内の一種以上と、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＷＣ、および、ＴｉまたはＡｌを含む反応生成物とからなる。このｃＢＮ焼結材円板を、ワイヤー放電加工装置で所定寸法に切断し、Ｃｏ：５質量％、ＴａＣ：５質量％、ＷＣ：残りの組成およびＩＳＯ規格ＣＮＧＡ１２０４０８のインサート形状をもったＷＣ基超硬合金製インサート本体のろう付け部（コーナー部）に、質量％で、Ｃｕ：２６％、Ｔｉ：５％、Ａｇ：残りからなる組成を有するＡｇ合金のろう材を用いてろう付けし、上下面および外周研磨、ホーニング処理を施すことによりＩＳＯ規格ＣＮＧＡ１２０４０８のインサート形状をもつ表２に示す配合組成の本発明ｃＢＮ工具１〜１０を製造した。
なお、本発明ｃＢＮ工具１〜１０のｃＢＮ焼結材について、ワイヤーカットで切断した後、イオン研磨を用いて表面を平滑化し、その断面をＳＥＭ（走査型電子顕微鏡）とＥＰＭＡ（電子線マイクロアナライザー）を用いて観察したところ、いずれも、図１の模式図に示すように、ｃＢＮ粒子表面にＡｌ２Ｏ３膜が均一かつ切れ間なくコーティングされ、かつ、（Ａｌ ２ Ｏ ３ コーティング膜厚）／（ｃＢＮ粒径）の値が０．００３３３〜０．１３６６７であることが確認された。
As the raw material powder, cBN particle powder coated with the Al 2 O 3 film having a small film thickness prepared above, and TiC powder, TiN powder each having an average particle size in the range of 0.3 to 0.9 μm, TiCN powder, TiAl 3 powder, Al 2 O 3 powder, and WC powder are prepared, and these raw material powders are blended in the blending composition shown in Table 2 (however, cBN coated with a thin film of Al 2 O 3 film) The mixing ratio of the particle powder is 70% by volume), and after wet mixing with acetone for 24 hours in a ball mill and drying, the size of the diameter: 50 mm × thickness: 1.5 mm at a molding pressure of 1 MPa with a hydraulic press. The molded body was then heat-treated in a vacuum atmosphere at a pressure of 1 Pa at a predetermined temperature within a range of 1000 to 1300 ° C. for 30 to 60 minutes to obtain a volatile component and a powder table. The pre-sintered body for cutting edge pieces was removed by removing the adsorbed component, and this pre-sintered body was prepared separately, Co: 8% by mass, WC: remaining composition, diameter: 50 mm × thickness: 2 mm In a state of being superposed on a WC-based cemented carbide support piece having the following dimensions, a normal ultra-high pressure sintering apparatus was charged, and under normal conditions pressure: 5 GPa, temperature: 1500 ° C., holding time: 30 CBN sintered material is obtained by ultra high-pressure and high-temperature sintering under conditions of minutes. The surface of the cBN particles, which are constituent components of the cBN sintered material, is uniformly and continuously covered with Al 2 O 3 , and the other constituent components of the cBN sintered material are TiC, TiN and TiCN. It consists of one or more and a reaction product containing Al 2 O 3 , WC, and Ti or Al. This cBN sintered material disc was cut into a predetermined size with a wire electric discharge machine, Co: 5 mass%, TaC: 5 mass%, WC: remaining composition, and WC-based superstructure with ISO CNCN120408 insert shape The brazing part (corner part) of the hard alloy insert body is brazed with an Ag alloy brazing material having a composition of Cu: 26%, Ti: 5%, and Ag: the remainder, The present invention cBN tools 1 to 10 having the composition shown in Table 2 having the insert shape of ISO standard CNGA120408 were manufactured by subjecting the lower surface and outer periphery to grinding and honing.
In addition, about the cBN sintered material of this invention cBN tool 1-10, after cut | disconnecting by a wire cut, the surface is smooth | blunted using ion polishing, The cross section is SEM (scanning electron microscope) and EPMA (electron beam microanalyzer). In each case, as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. 1, the surface of the cBN particles is uniformly and seamlessly coated with an Al 2 O 3 film , and (Al 2 O 3 coating film thickness) / the value of (cBN particle size) is 0.00333 to 0.13667 der Rukoto has been confirmed.
比較のため、原料粉末として、微小膜厚のＡｌ２Ｏ３膜コーティングを行っていない平均粒径３μｍのｃＢＮ粒子粉末と、いずれも０．３〜０．９μｍの範囲内の平均粒径を有するＴｉＣ粉末、ＴｉＮ粉末、ＴｉＣＮ粉末、ＴｉＡｌ３粉末、Ａｌ２Ｏ３粉末、ＷＣ粉末を用意し、これら原料粉末を表２に示される配合組成に配合し（但し、微小膜厚のＡｌ２Ｏ３膜コーティングを行っていないｃＢＮ粒子粉末の配合割合は、いずれも７０容量％）、上記本発明ｃＢＮ工具１〜１０と同様な方法で、ＩＳＯ規格ＣＮＧＡ１２０４０８のインサート形状をもつ表３に示す比較例ｃＢＮ工具１１〜２０を製造した。 For comparison, as a raw material powder, a cBN particle powder having an average particle diameter of 3 μm that is not coated with an Al 2 O 3 film having a small film thickness, and both have an average particle diameter in the range of 0.3 to 0.9 μm. TiC powder, TiN powder, TiCN powder, TiAl 3 powder, Al 2 O 3 powder, and WC powder are prepared, and these raw material powders are blended in the blending composition shown in Table 2 (however, Al 2 O 3 having a small film thickness). Comparative example cBN shown in Table 3 having the insert shape of ISO standard CNGA120408 in the same manner as the above-described cBN tool 1-10 of the present invention, in which the mixing ratio of the cBN particle powder not subjected to film coating is 70% by volume. Tools 11-20 were manufactured.
上記の本発明ｃＢＮ１〜１０および比較例ｃＢＮ１１〜２０を用い、以下の切削条件１で切削加工試験を実施し、切削時間：１０分経過後のクレータ摩耗深さを測定するとともに、チッピングの有無を観察した。
切削加工試験の測定結果を表４に示した。
《切削条件１》
被削材：ＪＩＳ・ＳＫＤ１１の丸棒（硬さ：ＨＲＣ６０）、
切削速度： １５０ ｍ／ｍｉｎ、
送り： ０．１５ ｍｍ／ｒｅｖ、
切込み： ０．３ ｍｍ、
切削時間： １０ 分
の条件での、ダイス鋼の乾式切削加工試験。
なお、クレータ摩耗深さの測定は、レーザー顕微鏡を用いて試験前の刃先直線形状からのへこみ量を測定することにより行った。
Using the present invention cBN1-10 and Comparative Example cBN11-20, a cutting test was carried out under the following cutting conditions 1, cutting time: measuring the crater wear depth after 10 minutes, and the presence or absence of chipping Observed.
Table 4 shows the measurement results of the cutting test.
<< Cutting conditions 1 >>
Work material: JIS / SKD11 round bar (hardness: HRC60),
Cutting speed: 150 m / min,
Feed: 0.15 mm / rev,
Cutting depth: 0.3 mm,
Cutting time: Die steel dry cutting test under the condition of 10 minutes.
The crater wear depth was measured by measuring the dent amount from the straight edge shape before the test using a laser microscope.
表４に示される結果から、本発明ｃＢＮ工具１〜１０は、ｃＢＮ粒子の表面が０．０１〜０．４１μｍの膜厚のＡｌ２Ｏ３膜によって均一かつ切れ間なくコーティングされ、かつ、（Ａｌ ２ Ｏ ３ コーティング膜厚）／（ｃＢＮ粒径）の値が０．００３３３〜０．１３６６７であることから、すくい面の耐クレータ摩耗にすぐれ、その結果、刃先強度の低下がなく耐チッピング性にもすぐれているのに対して、比較例ｃＢＮ工具１１〜２０は、ｃＢＮ粒子表面にＡｌ２Ｏ３膜コーティングがないため、クレータ摩耗深さが深く、その結果、耐チッピング性、耐欠損性にも劣ることが明らかである。 From the results shown in Table 4, according to the present invention cBN tools 1-10, the surface of the cBN particles is uniformly and seamlessly coated with an Al 2 O 3 film having a thickness of 0.01 to 0.41 μm , and (Al from 2 O 3 coating film thickness) / (the value is 0.00333 to 0.13667 der Rukoto of cBN grain size), excellent crater wear on the rake face, as a result, decrease without chipping resistance of the cutting edge strength On the other hand, Comparative Example cBN tools 11 to 20 have a deep crater wear depth because there is no Al 2 O 3 film coating on the cBN particle surface, resulting in chipping resistance and chipping resistance. It is clear that it is inferior.
なお、上記本発明ｃＢＮ工具１〜１０に対して、当業者によく知られているＰＶＤ法により硬質被覆層（具体的には、ＴｉＡｌＮ層）を蒸着形成することにより本発明被覆ｃＢＮ工具を作製し、上記切削条件１と同条件で切削加工試験を行ったところ、いずれも、すぐれた耐クレータ摩耗性、すぐれた耐チッピング性を示すことを確認した。 In addition, a hard coating layer (specifically, a TiAlN layer) is formed by vapor deposition on the cBN tools 1 to 10 of the present invention by a PVD method well known to those skilled in the art to produce the present coated cBN tool. Then, when a cutting test was performed under the same conditions as the above-described cutting condition 1, it was confirmed that both showed excellent crater wear resistance and excellent chipping resistance.
上述のように、この発明のｃＢＮ工具、被覆ｃＢＮ工具は、耐摩耗性、耐チッピング性にすぐれ、切削加工装置の高性能化、並びに切削加工の省力化および省エネ化、低コスト化に十分満足に対応できるものである。 As described above, the cBN tool and the coated cBN tool of the present invention are excellent in wear resistance and chipping resistance, and are sufficiently satisfied with high performance of the cutting device, labor saving and energy saving of cutting processing, and cost reduction. It can cope with.
Claims (3)
上記立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料は、酸化アルミニウムによってその表面が均一に切れ間なく被覆され、かつ、該酸化アルミニウムの被覆厚さと立方晶窒化ほう素粒子の粒径の比の値は０．００３３３〜０．１３６６７である立方晶窒化ほう素粒子粉末と、ＴｉＣ粉末、ＴｉＮ粉末およびＴｉＣＮ粉末の内の一種以上と、ＴｉＡｌ３粉末、Ａｌ２Ｏ３粉末およびＷＣ粉末との焼結材であることを特徴とする立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料製切削工具。 In a cutting tool made of cubic boron nitride based ultra-high pressure sintered material in which a tool base made of cubic boron nitride based ultra-high pressure sintered material is brazed to a cemented carbide base material,
The cubic boron nitride-based ultra-high pressure sintered material has its surface uniformly coated with aluminum oxide , and the value of the ratio between the coating thickness of the aluminum oxide and the particle size of the cubic boron nitride particles is 0.00333 to 0.13667 and cubic boron nitride particles powder Ru der, TiC powder, sintering of the one or more of TiN powder and TiCN powder, TiAl 3 powder, and Al 2 O 3 powder and WC powder A cutting tool made of a cubic boron nitride-based ultra-high pressure sintered material characterized by being a material.
上記立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料の構成成分である立方晶窒化ほう素粒子の表面は酸化アルミニウムによって均一に切れ間なく被覆され、かつ、該酸化アルミニウムの被覆厚さと立方晶窒化ほう素粒子の粒径の比の値は０．００３３３〜０．１３６６７であり、また、上記立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料のその他の構成成分は、ＴｉＣ、ＴｉＮおよびＴｉＣＮの内の一種以上と、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＷＣ、および、ＴｉまたはＡｌを含む反応生成物とからなることを特徴とする立方晶窒化ほう素基超高圧焼結材料製切削工具。 In a cutting tool made of cubic boron nitride based ultra-high pressure sintered material in which a tool base made of cubic boron nitride based ultra-high pressure sintered material is brazed to a cemented carbide base material,
The surface of cubic boron nitride particles, which are constituents of the cubic boron nitride-based ultrahigh pressure sintered material, is uniformly and continuously coated with aluminum oxide , and the coating thickness of the aluminum oxide and the cubic boron nitride one of a value of the ratio of the particle size of the particles Ri 0.00333 to 0.13667 der, also other components of the cubic boron nitride containing group ultrahigh pressure sintered material, TiC, TiN and TiCN A cubic boron nitride-based ultrahigh pressure sintered material cutting tool comprising the above and a reaction product containing Al 2 O 3 , WC, and Ti or Al.
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