JP5583062B2 - Hydrocarbon feed gasifier - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydrocarbon raw material gasifier for gasifying, for example, coal as a hydrocarbon raw material.

There is known an integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) used for gas turbine combined power generation by converting coal, which is a solid hydrocarbon raw material, into coal gasification gas by a coal gasification furnace.
This coal gasification combined power generation uses abundant reserves of coal resources, has higher thermal efficiency than conventional pulverized coal thermal power generation, and emits less air pollutants such as carbon dioxide. The ash is discharged as a glassy molten slag and has advantages such as a reduction in volume. Therefore, coal gasification combined cycle power generation is being developed as a technology that will become the main force of future coal-fired power generation.

  The two-stage, two-chamber entrained bed gasifier proposed as a coal gasifier is the coal, gasifier and char (non-coal gas in the coal gasification gas) that are put into the first (lower) stage in the gasifier body. Combustor that is operated at a high temperature (reacted carbon + ash separated and recycled), and a reductor that gasifies the coal that is put into the second stage (upper stage) by the energy of the high-temperature gas from the combustor ( Patent Documents 1 and 2).

JP 2001-26787 A JP 2009-179790 A

By the way, the reaction in the coal gasifier appropriately sets the operating conditions of the gasifier depending on the amount of coal input to the gasifier and the amount and ratio of the gasifying agent (air, oxygen, water vapor, CO _2, etc.). It was set.

  As a result, when the gasifier operating conditions were set in the target gasifier, the temperature of the gasifier reductor was determined by the same conditions, and the outlet temperature of the gasifier could not be controlled.

In recent years, as an application of coal gasification gas, for example, development of a chemical gasification furnace for obtaining chemical raw materials such as liquid fuel of methanol (CH ₃ OH) and gas fuel such as methane (CH ₄ ) has been demanded. In addition, the advent of a gasifier capable of controlling the composition (H ₂ / CO ratio) in the product gas to a desired value is eagerly desired.

  This invention makes it a subject to provide the hydrocarbon raw material gasifier which can control the composition in the product gas from a gasifier to a desired value in view of the said problem.

A first invention of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a heat transfer surface provided in a gasification region of a gasification furnace main body that generates a gasification gas by partially oxidizing a hydrocarbon raw material, and the heat transfer surface. The temperature of the product gas at the reductor outlet of the gasifier main body, the heat exchanger which is interposed in the circulation line of the circulation medium circulating in the hot surface, heat exchanges the circulation medium, the circulation pump which circulates the circulation medium , It has a thermometer for measuring, and a control means for controlling either one or both of the temperature and flow rate of the circulating medium supplied to the heat transfer surface so that the outlet temperature of the product gas becomes a predetermined temperature. In the hydrocarbon feedstock gasifier.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat transfer surface provided in a gasification region of a gasification furnace main body that partially oxidizes a hydrocarbon raw material to generate a gasification gas, and a circulation line for a circulation medium that circulates in the heat transfer surface. A heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the circulation medium, a circulation pump that circulates the circulation medium, a gas composition analyzer that measures the gas composition of the product gas at the outlet of the gasifier, and the product gas And a control means for controlling either or both of the temperature and flow rate of the circulating medium supplied to the heat transfer surface so that the gas composition of the gas becomes a predetermined composition. .

A third aspect of the invention is the hydrocarbon raw material gas according to the first or second aspect, wherein the heat transfer surface is a panel heat transfer surface and a plurality of the heat transfer surfaces are provided along the inner peripheral surface of the gasifier main body. In the reactor.

A fourth invention is the carbonization according to the first or second invention, wherein the heat transfer surface is a panel heat transfer surface, and a plurality of the heat transfer surfaces are provided in the space of the gasification furnace main body with a predetermined interval. Located in the hydrogen feed gasifier.

A fifth invention is characterized in that, in the first or second invention, the heat transfer surface is a panel type heat transfer surface, and a plurality of the heat transfer surfaces are provided radially with a predetermined interval in the space of the gasification furnace main body. In the hydrocarbon feedstock gasifier.

A sixth invention is a hydrocarbon raw material gasification furnace according to any one of the first to fifth inventions, wherein steam is further added in addition to normal operation conditions of gasification.

According to a seventh invention, in any one of the first to fifth inventions, the gasification furnace is a two-stage jet comprising a combustor provided below the gasification furnace main body and a reductor provided above the combustor. It is in a hydrocarbon feedstock gasifier characterized by being a bed gasifier.

An eighth invention is the hydrocarbon raw material gasifier according to the seventh invention, wherein in addition to the normal operation conditions of gasification, steam is introduced into one or both of the reductor and the combustor.

According to the present invention, the heat transfer surface is provided in the gasifier main body reductor, and the fluid temperature and flow rate of the circulating medium supplied to the heat transfer surface are made variable, so that the generated gas in the gasifier main body reductor As a result, the generated gas temperature at the outlet of the gasifier main body reductor can be adjusted. By controlling the temperature of the product gas, the composition (H ₂ / CO ratio) in the product gas can be controlled, which is required for methanol synthesis and methane (CH ₄ ) -rich alternative natural gas (SNG fuel). It becomes possible to supply a gas having a H ₂ / CO ratio of 2 or 3, and various chemical raw materials can be provided.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hydrocarbon raw material gasifier according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the temperature of the product gas and the composition (H ₂ / CO ratio) in the product gas. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of equipment using the hydrocarbon raw material gasifier of the present embodiment. FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of the hydrocarbon raw material gasifier according to the second embodiment. FIG. 4-2 is a schematic plan view of the gasifier. FIG. 4-3 is a schematic plan view of the gasification furnace. FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a hydrocarbon raw material gasifier according to the third embodiment. FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a hydrocarbon raw material gasifier according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a hydrocarbon raw material gasifier according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 8-1 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature of the product gas and the composition (H ₂ / CO ratio) in the product gas when steam is added (25% addition of steam). FIG. 8-2 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature of the product gas and the composition (H ₂ / CO ratio) in the product gas when steam is added (70% steam is added).

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited by this Example, Moreover, when there exists multiple Example, what comprises combining each Example is also included. In addition, constituent elements in the following embodiments include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art or those that are substantially the same.

A hydrocarbon raw material gasifier according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hydrocarbon raw material gasifier according to a first embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1, a hydrocarbon raw material gasification furnace (hereinafter referred to as “gasification furnace”) 10 </ b> A according to the present embodiment is a pressure vessel that generates a product gas 12 by partially oxidizing coal 11 that is a hydrocarbon raw material. The heat transfer surface 15 provided in the gasification region of the gasification furnace main body 13 and the circulation line 17 of the circulation medium 16 that circulates in the heat transfer surface 15, and heat that exchanges heat with the circulation medium 16. An exchanger 18 and a circulation pump 19 that circulates the circulation medium 16 are provided.

Here, the gasification furnace 10A according to the present embodiment is a two-stage entrained bed gasification furnace including a combustor 21 provided below the gasification furnace main body 13 and a reductor 22 provided on the upper side of the combustor 21. Yes.
In the combustor 21, the coal (pulverized coal) 11 passes through the fuel supply passage 23A, and the gasifying agent (air) 24 passes through the gasifying agent supply passage through a burner (not shown). High-temperature combustion gas is generated mainly by partial combustion of the coal 11. The recovered char 28 contained in the product gas 12 is separated by a cyclone, a filter, and the like, and is supplied into the combustor 21 through the fuel supply passage 23C.
Moreover, the molten slag 25 produced and separated in the high-temperature gas in the combustor adheres to the furnace wall or falls to the furnace bottom, and is discharged downward from the slag tap 26.
Further, below the slag tap 26, cooling water 27 for cooling the discharged molten slag 25 is stored at the bottom.
Further, coal (pulverized coal) 11 is also introduced into the reductor 22 through a fuel supply passage 23B via a burner (not shown), and mixed with the high-temperature combustion gas generated in the combustor 21 in the reductor 22; A gasification reaction is performed in a high-temperature reducing atmosphere field to obtain a product gas 12.

  In this embodiment, a plurality of heat transfer surfaces 15 are provided along the wall surface of the reductor 22 of the gasifier main body 13.

In this embodiment, the heat transfer surface 15 is a panel type heat transfer surface along the inner surface of the peripheral wall tube of the gasifier, and a circulation pump 19 that circulates water as the circulation medium 16 on the heat transfer surface 15. And a heat exchanger 18 are interposed in the circulation line 17.
Then, the amount of heat absorbed from the product gas 12 in the gasification furnace reductor 22 is controlled by controlling the fluid temperature and the circulation flow rate of the circulation medium 16 supplied to the heat transfer surface 15 with a control device (not shown). .
In the present embodiment, a panel type heat transfer surface is used. However, the panel type heat transfer surface is not limited to the panel type as long as the product gas 12 and the circulation medium 16 can exchange heat.

  In order to control the temperature of the product gas 12 at the outlet of the reductor 22, the temperature of the product gas 12 at the outlet of the reductor 12 is measured by a thermometer (not shown) and the gas composition of the product gas 12 at the outlet of the reductor 22 is measured. Any method of measuring and controlling with a gas composition analyzer may be used.

Then, the reaction gas temperature of the product gas 12 at the outlet of the reductor 22 of the gasification furnace main body 13 is adjusted by controlling the amount of heat absorbed from the product gas 12 in the reductor 22.
As a result of this temperature adjustment, the composition (H ₂ / CO ratio) in the product gas 12 can be controlled.

Here, the main reaction in the gasification gas proceeds as shown in the following reaction formula (1). Since this reaction is an exothermic reaction (ΔH ₂ 98 = −9.8 kcal / mol), the reaction temperature is controlled. By lowering the temperature, the reaction of the following formula (1) proceeds to the right.
At this time, heat is generated due to the progress of the reaction, so that the composition (H ₂ / CO ratio) in the product gas 12 is efficiently controlled to be H ₂ rich by controlling the heat generated by the reaction. I can do it.

CO + H ₂ O → CO ₂ + H ₂ (1)

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the temperature of the product gas and the composition (H ₂ / CO ratio) in the product gas. As shown in FIG. 2, the H ₂ / CO ratio increases from the time when the reaction temperature decreases to 1,000 ° C., and the product gas composition (H ₂ ) required for the methanol synthesis reaction (CO + 2H ₂ → CH ₃ OH). / CO ratio = 2.0).
The product gas composition necessary for the methanation reaction (CO + 3H ₂ → CH ₄ + H ₂ O) is H ₂ / CO ratio = 3.0.

  Therefore, by controlling the gas composition of the product gas generated in the gasification furnace to a hydrogen-rich state necessary for methanol synthesis and methanation, it is installed separately on the downstream side of the gasification furnace, and the CO shift catalyst The CO shift reactor having the above can be made compact.

Thus, by controlling the composition (H ₂ / CO ratio) in the product gas 12 inside the gasifier, it is required for methanol synthesis and methane (CH ₄ ) -rich alternative natural gas (SNG fuel). It becomes possible to supply a gas having a H ₂ / CO ratio of 2 or 3.

Here, chemical reaction formulas for methanol synthesis are shown in the following (2) and (3).
CO + 2H ₂ → CH ₃ OH (2)
CO ₂ + 3H ₂ → CH ₃ OH (3)

Thus, H ₂ required for methanol synthesis becomes (2CO + 3CO _2).
However, when coal is used as the hydrocarbon feedstock, since C is more than H ₂ , the synthesis by the formula (2) reaction is the main reaction, and a CO shift reactor having a shift catalyst in front of the methanol synthesizer and A de-CO ₂ device that removes CO ₂ generated by the CO shift reaction is installed and adjusted to have a gas composition suitable for methanol synthesis (H ₂ / CO ratio = 2.0).

In this embodiment, the amount of heat absorbed by the product gas 12 in the reductor 22 of the gasification furnace main body 13 is controlled by varying the temperature and flow rate of the fluid supplied to the heat transfer surface 15.
By controlling the amount of heat absorbed from the product gas 12 in the reductor 22, the product gas temperature at the outlet of the reductor 12 of the gasifier main body 13 is adjusted, and the gas composition (H ₂ / CO ratio) in the product gas 12 is adjusted. It can be controlled to achieve a desired ratio.

FIG. 3 shows an example of equipment using the hydrocarbon raw material gasifier of the present embodiment.
The product gas 12 from the gasifier passes through a gas purification means 30 provided as necessary, and then passes through a CO shift reactor 31 and a decarboxylation device (not shown), and then a gas composition (H ₂ / CO ratio = 2.0), which is supplied to the methanol synthesizer 33 to obtain a liquid fuel (methanol) 34.
Similarly, the gas composition (H ₂ / CO ratio = 3.0) required for methanation in the CO shift reactor 31 is supplied to the methane synthesizer 35 to obtain gas fuel (synthetic natural gas (SNG) 36). ing.
Further, the purified product gas 12 is supplied to the gas turbine combustor 41, and the gas turbine 42 is driven to generate electricity 44 from the generator 43.

  The obtained methanol and methane can be used not only for fuel but also as starting materials for chemical raw materials. Further, the liquid fuel 34 may be used as an auxiliary fuel for the gasifier or a fuel at the time of startup.

  In the present embodiment, a two-stage entrained bed gasification furnace comprising a combustor and a reductor provided on the upper side thereof is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a one-stage entrained bed gasification furnace. Etc.

  Moreover, as a hydrocarbon raw material, various carbon raw materials, such as coal (bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, lignite (low grade coal)), biomass, petroleum coke, etc., can be used, for example.

A hydrocarbon raw material gasifier according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of the hydrocarbon raw material gasifier according to the second embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 4A, the hydrocarbon raw material gasification furnace 10B according to the present embodiment is not provided along the peripheral wall as in the first embodiment, and the heat transfer surface 15 is suspended by a suspension member (not shown). I try to lower it.

FIGS. 4-2 and 4-3 are schematic plan views of the gasifier.
In FIG. 4B, a plurality of suspended heat transfer surfaces 15 are arranged in the gasifier main body 13 with a predetermined interval.
In FIG. 4-3, a plurality of suspended heat transfer surfaces 15 are arranged radially in the gasifier main body 13.

  Compared to the case where the gasifier is provided along the peripheral wall of the first embodiment, the gasifier cross-sectional temperature can be made more uniform.

Furthermore, it is possible to increase the heat transfer surface along the peripheral wall as compared with the installation, and as a result, the heat absorption amount can be easily controlled, and as a result, the gasification furnace outlet reaction gas temperature can be easily controlled.
In addition, arrangement | positioning of the several suspension type heat-transfer surface 15 is not limited to a present Example.

A hydrocarbon raw material gasifier according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a hydrocarbon raw material gasifier according to the third embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 5, the hydrocarbon raw material gasifier 10C according to the present embodiment further supplies steam 50 into the reductor 22 through the steam supply passage 51B in the gasifier of the first embodiment.

In addition to normal operating conditions (amount of coal, gasifying agent (air, oxygen, water vapor, CO _2, etc.)) in the gasification furnace of Example 1, the gas composition H in the product gas 12 is obtained by introducing steam 50. ₂ / CO ratio can be increased.

  The steam 50 may be charged by introducing the steam alone into the reductor unit or mixing it into the coal nozzle. It should be noted that a single charging and a mixed charging may be combined.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating the relationship between the temperature of the product gas and the composition (H ₂ / CO ratio) in the product gas, depending on the difference in the amount of steam input. In FIG. 8A, 25% of the generated gas is supplied as steam, and in FIG. 8B, 70% of the generated gas is supplied as steam.
Thus, by increasing the amount of the input steam 50, even when the increase in the H ₂ / CO ratio is high, the product gas composition necessary for methanol synthesis (H ₂ / CO ratio = 2.0), methanation It was confirmed that the product gas composition (H ₂ / CO ratio = 3.0) required for the process was approached.

A hydrocarbon raw material gasifier according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a hydrocarbon feed gasifier.
As shown in FIG. 6, the hydrocarbon raw material gasifier 10D according to the present embodiment further supplies steam 50 into the combustor 21 via the steam supply passage 51A in the gasifier of the first embodiment.
In the third embodiment, steam is introduced into the reductor 22, but in this embodiment, by introducing the steam 50 into the combustor 21, higher temperature (higher activity) steam can be introduced into the gasifier. As a result, the gas composition H ₂ / CO ratio of the product gas 12 can be further increased than in the third embodiment.

A hydrocarbon raw material gasifier according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a hydrocarbon feed gasifier.
As shown in FIG. 7, the hydrocarbon raw material gasifier 10E according to the present embodiment combines the third and fourth embodiments to supply the steam 50 to the steam supply passage 51A in the combustor 21 and the reductor 22. It is supplied via 51B.

In this embodiment, the operating range as a gasifier can be widened, and the gas composition H ₂ / CO ratio of the product gas 12 can be increased.

As described above with the embodiment, in the present invention, the heat transfer surface 15 is provided in the reductor 22 of the gasification furnace main body 13, and the fluid temperature and flow rate of the circulating medium 16 supplied to the heat transfer surface 15 are variable. Thus, the amount of heat absorbed from the product gas 12 in the reductor 22 of the gasification furnace main body 13 can be controlled, and as a result, the temperature of the product gas 12 at the outlet of the reductor 22 of the gasification furnace main body 13 can be adjusted.
In addition, the composition of the product gas 12 (H ₂ / CO ratio) can be controlled by controlling the temperature of the product gas 12, whereby methane (CH ₄ ) rich alternative natural gas by methanol synthesis and methanation reaction. It becomes possible to supply gas close to the H ₂ / CO ratios 2 and 3 required for (SNG fuel), and various chemical raw materials can be provided.

10A-10E Hydrocarbon feed gasifier (gasifier)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Coal 12 Product gas 15 Heat-transfer surface 16 Circulation medium 17 Circulation line 18 Heat exchanger 19 Circulation pump

Claims (8)

A heat transfer surface provided in a gasification region of a gasification furnace main body that partially oxidizes a hydrocarbon raw material to generate a gasification gas;
A heat exchanger which is interposed in a circulation line of a circulation medium circulating in the heat transfer surface and exchanges heat of the circulation medium;
A circulation pump for circulating the circulation medium ;
A thermometer that measures the temperature of the product gas at the outlet of the gasifier furnace,
Hydrocarbon feed gasification characterized by having control means for controlling either or both of the temperature and flow rate of the circulating medium supplied to the heat transfer surface so that the outlet temperature of the product gas becomes a predetermined temperature Furnace. A heat transfer surface provided in a gasification region of a gasification furnace main body that partially oxidizes a hydrocarbon raw material to generate a gasification gas;
A heat exchanger which is interposed in a circulation line of a circulation medium circulating in the heat transfer surface and exchanges heat of the circulation medium;
A circulation pump for circulating the circulation medium;
A gas composition analyzer for measuring the gas composition of the product gas at the outlet of the gasifier furnace,
A hydrocarbon raw material gasifier having control means for controlling either or both of the temperature and flow rate of the circulating medium supplied to the heat transfer surface so that the gas composition of the product gas becomes a predetermined composition . In claim 1 or 2 ,
A hydrocarbon raw material gasification furnace, wherein the heat transfer surface is a panel heat transfer surface, and a plurality of the heat transfer surfaces are provided along the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the gasification furnace main body. In claim 1 or 2 ,
A hydrocarbon raw material gasification furnace, wherein the heat transfer surface is a panel-type heat transfer surface, and a plurality of the heat transfer surfaces are provided at predetermined intervals in the space of the gasification furnace main body. In claim 1 or 2 ,
A hydrocarbon raw material gasification furnace characterized in that the heat transfer surface is a panel type heat transfer surface, and a plurality of the heat transfer surfaces are radially provided in the space of the gasification furnace main body with a predetermined interval. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 5 ,
A hydrocarbon raw material gasification furnace characterized by further adding steam in addition to normal operation conditions for gasification. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 5 ,
Gasifier,
A combustor provided inside the gasifier main body, and
A hydrocarbon raw material gasification furnace comprising a two-stage entrained bed gasification furnace comprising a reductor provided above the combustor. In claim 7 ,
A hydrocarbon raw material gasification furnace characterized by adding steam to one or both of a reductor and a combustor in addition to normal operation conditions for gasification.

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