JP5554628B2 - Water quality conservation method - Google Patents
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- JP5554628B2 JP5554628B2 JP2010112476A JP2010112476A JP5554628B2 JP 5554628 B2 JP5554628 B2 JP 5554628B2 JP 2010112476 A JP2010112476 A JP 2010112476A JP 2010112476 A JP2010112476 A JP 2010112476A JP 5554628 B2 JP5554628 B2 JP 5554628B2
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Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Description
本発明は、マット化した根を有する水生植物を用いた水質保全方法及び装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a water quality preservation method and apparatus using an aquatic plant having matted roots.
近年、都市部において、景観や都市型生態系の創出やヒートアイランド現象の抑制を図るために親水空間が設けられ、その周囲に水生植物が植えられることが多くなっている。水生植物が富栄養化因子である窒素やリンを固定し、水質を浄化することも期待されている（非特許文献１）。例えば、栄養塩吸着材料を混ぜた土壌を敷いた水底に植え込まれた水生植物等に対し、土壌中に溶存酸素水を注入することによる方法や、陸生植物をその周囲土壌に共に植えることによる水質浄化方法なども知られている（特許文献１及び２）。
In recent years, in urban areas, hydrophilic spaces have been provided to create landscapes and urban ecosystems and to suppress the heat island phenomenon, and aquatic plants are often planted around them. It is also expected that aquatic plants fix eutrophication factors such as nitrogen and phosphorus to purify water quality (Non-patent Document 1). For example, by a method by injecting dissolved oxygen water into the soil for aquatic plants etc. that are planted on the bottom of the soil mixed with nutrient-absorbing materials, or by planting terrestrial plants in the surrounding soil together A water quality purification method is also known (
しかし植栽に用いる土壌から環境負荷物質が水中に流出し、かえって水質が劣化してしまうこともある。そこで土壌を使用せずに水生植物を植生させて水質浄化を行う方法も開発されている（特許文献３及び４）。特許文献３の方法では植生マットを水底に固定し、そこに水生植物を繁茂させる。また特許文献４の方法では、ネットを水面の少し下に張り渡し、このネットに水生植物を固定して根が水中に垂れ下がるようにする。しかしこれらの方法では水生植物の固定が十分でなく、植物が流出する恐れがある。また水質浄化能についても改善の余地が大きいと考えられる。さらにこれらの水質浄化システムを商品として流通させるのは困難であり、汎用性が低い。
However, environmentally hazardous substances may flow into the water from the soil used for planting, and the water quality may deteriorate. Therefore, a method of purifying water quality by vegetating aquatic plants without using soil has been developed (
本発明は、高機能な水質保全方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of this invention is to provide the highly functional water quality maintenance method.
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するため鋭意検討を重ねた結果、水生植物の根をマット化しそこに無機イオン吸脱着材を保持させることにより、水中の無機イオンを効率的に吸着できしかも吸着した無機イオンをその水生植物自身が利用できるようになることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have been able to efficiently adsorb inorganic ions in water by matting the roots of aquatic plants and holding inorganic ion adsorbing / desorbing materials there. The present inventors have found that the aquatic plants themselves can use the adsorbed inorganic ions, and have completed the present invention.
すなわち、本発明は以下を包含する。
[1] マット化した根系を有する水生植物とその根系に保持された無機イオン吸脱着材を含む植栽基盤材とを有する水質保全用緑化資材。
[2] 水生植物が抽水植物又は湿生植物である、上記[1]の緑化資材。
[3] 前記植栽基盤材が無機イオン吸脱着材及び非土壌性植栽基材を含むか又は無機イオン吸脱着材からなる、上記[1]又は[2]の緑化資材。
[4] 非土壌性植栽基材の少なくとも１種が砂である、上記[3]の緑化資材。
[5] 植栽基盤材に含まれる非土壌性植栽基材と無機イオン吸脱着材の配合比率が体積比で0：100〜95：5である、上記[4]の緑化資材。
[6] 無機イオン吸脱着材が硝酸イオン吸脱着材及びリン酸イオン吸脱着材、又は硝酸イオン吸脱着材である、上記[1]〜[5]の緑化資材。
[7] 植栽基盤材がさらに繊維材料を含む、上記[1]〜[6]の緑化資材。
[8] 上記[1]〜[7]に記載の緑化資材を水辺施工面に設置することを特徴とする、水質保全方法。
That is, the present invention includes the following.
[1] A greening material for water quality conservation comprising an aquatic plant having a matted root system and a planting base material containing an inorganic ion adsorbing / desorbing material retained in the root system.
[2] The greening material according to the above [1], wherein the aquatic plant is an extracted plant or a wet plant.
[3] The greening material according to [1] or [2], wherein the planting base material includes an inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material and a non-soil-based planting base material, or is made of an inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material.
[4] The greening material according to [3] above, wherein at least one of the non-soil planting base materials is sand.
[5] The greening material according to the above [4], wherein the mixing ratio of the non-soil planting base material and the inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material contained in the planting base material is 0: 100 to 95: 5 by volume.
[6] The greening material according to the above [1] to [5], wherein the inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material is a nitrate ion adsorption / desorption material, a phosphate ion adsorption / desorption material, or a nitrate ion adsorption / desorption material.
[7] The greening material according to the above [1] to [6], wherein the planting base material further contains a fiber material.
[ 8 ] A water quality maintenance method comprising installing the greening material according to [1] to [7] above on a waterside construction surface.
本発明によれば、水に含まれる無機イオンを効率的に除去できる水質保全システムを簡便に提供することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the water quality maintenance system which can remove the inorganic ion contained in water efficiently can be provided simply.
本発明は、根系を典型的には数センチ厚に平板状かつ高密度になるよう育成し、その根系に栄養塩（通常は無機イオン）を吸脱着する性質を備えた吸着材を保持するようにした水生植物体を用いた緑化資材、そのような緑化資材としての水生植物体を根系が通水可能な状態で通水路に固定した水質保全システム又は水質保全装置、及びその緑化資材を水辺に設置することによる水辺の水質保全方法等に関する。 The present invention grows the root system to be flat and dense, typically several centimeters thick, and retains an adsorbent having the property of adsorbing and desorbing nutrient salts (usually inorganic ions) on the root system. Water quality preservation system or water quality preservation device that fixed the aquatic plant body using the aquatic plant body, the aquatic plant body as such a greening material to the water passage in a state where the root system can be passed, and the greening material on the waterside It relates to waterside water quality conservation methods by installing it.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明は、マット化した根系を有する水生植物とその根系に保持された無機イオン吸脱着材を含む植栽基盤材とを有する水質保全用緑化資材を提供する。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The present invention provides a water quality conservation greening material having an aquatic plant having a matted root system and a planting base material containing an inorganic ion adsorbing / desorbing material held in the root system.
マット化した根を有する植物は、緑化資材として知られ、「マット植物」と呼ばれている。マット植物とは、根が互いに絡み合って根系（根域）がマット状（平板状）になった植物を意味する。本明細書において「根系（root system）」とは、植物の地下部（根や根茎）の総体を意味する。本明細書において「マット化（平板化）」とは、根系が高密度かつマット状（平板状）に育成されることを意味する。 Plants having matted roots are known as greening materials and are called “mat plants”. A mat plant means a plant in which the roots are entangled with each other and the root system (root region) is mat-like (flat). In this specification, the “root system” means the whole of the underground part (root and rhizome) of a plant. In the present specification, “matization (flattening)” means that the root system is grown in high density and in a matte (flat) form.
本発明に係る緑化資材を構成する水生植物は、１種又は２種以上の任意の水生植物であってよい。水生植物とは湖沼、溜池、河川などの淡水域、湿地及び湿原に生育する植物でる。水生植物として、沈水植物、浮遊植物、浮葉植物、抽水植物（挺水植物）、湿生植物等が挙げられる。本発明で用いる水生植物は、限定するものではないが、抽水植物又は湿生植物がより好ましい。抽水植物とは、水底に根を張り、茎の下部は水中にあるが茎か葉の少なくとも一部が水上に突き出ている植物をいう。湿生植物とは、水際、湿地及び湿原等の湿潤域に生育する植物をいう。本発明において使用され得る抽水植物又は湿生植物としては、例えば、オランダガラシ属、ハリナズナ属、アヤメ属、フサモ属、サヤヌカグサ属、スズメノヒエ属、ドジョウツナギ属、マコモ属、ヨシ属、オモダカ属、サジオモダカ属、マルバオモダカ属、ガマ属、ウキヤガラ属、ネビキグサ属、ハリイ属、ホタルイ属、ウキアゼナ属、シソクサ属、ショウブ属、コウホネ属、タデ属、イボクサ属、トクサ属、ハス属、ミクリ属、アメリカコナギ属、ミズアオイ属、ミズニラ属、ミズワラビ属、ミツガシワ属、キンポウゲ属、セリ属、チョウジタデ属、ヒシ属、コウホネ属、ヒヨドリバナ属、ミゾカクシ属、ミソハギ属、テンツキ属、ギシギシ属、クワガタソウ属、アカザ属、オカトラノオ属等の水生植物が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。本発明において使用され得る抽水植物又は湿生植物の例としては、例えば、リードキャナリーグラス（クサヨシ）、ヨシ、フトイ、エゾミソハギ、ノハナショウブ、サワギキョウ、マコモ等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。 The aquatic plant constituting the greening material according to the present invention may be one or more arbitrary aquatic plants. Aquatic plants are plants that grow in freshwater areas such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, wetlands, and wetlands. Examples of aquatic plants include submerged plants, floating plants, floating leaf plants, extracted water plants (flooded plants), and wet plants. The aquatic plant used in the present invention is not limited, but is more preferably an extracted plant or a wet plant. Extraction plants are plants that have roots in the bottom of the water, the bottom of the stem is in the water, but at least part of the stem or leaves are protruding above the water. A wet plant refers to a plant that grows in a wet area such as a waterfront, a wetland, or a wetland. Examples of the extraction plant or the wet plant that can be used in the present invention include, for example, the Netherlands genus, the genus Harinazuna, the genus Ayame, the genus Fusamo, the genus Sayanukagusa, the genus Vulgaris, the genus Macau, the genus Reed, Genus, Malbamodaka, Gama, Ukiyara, Nebiquigus, Hari, Firefly, Uchiazena, Sissa, Shoubu, Kouhone, Tade, Ibokusa, Toxa, Lotus, Mikuri, American oak Genus, Mizuaoi, Mizunira, Mizuwarabi, Mitsugasiwa, Buttercup, Seri, Chrysanthemum, Hoshi, Kohonone, Hyodobana, Mizokakushi, Misohagi, Azalea, Rhizome, Akaza Aquatic plants such as, but not limited to, Not. Examples of the extraction plant or the wet plant that can be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, reed canary grass (Kusayoshi), reed, futoi, ezomisohagi, nohanashobu, sagogi, makomo, and the like. Absent.
マット化した根系を有する水生植物は、例えば、育苗トレー（好ましい例では25cm角のもの）に植栽基盤材を敷き詰め、そこに水生植物の苗を定植し一定期間栽培することによって作製することができる。栽培は、植栽基盤材が水に浸ったままにならないように供給水を常に排水する条件下で行ってもよいし、植栽基盤材が常に水に浸るように供給水を貯留する条件下で行ってもよい。温度等の他の栽培条件は、用いる水生植物に合わせて決定すればよい。 Aquatic plants with a matted root system can be produced, for example, by laying planting base material on a seedling tray (25 cm square in the preferred example), planting aquatic plant seedlings there and cultivating them for a certain period of time. it can. Cultivation may be performed under conditions where the supply water is always drained so that the planting base material does not remain immersed in the water, or under conditions where the supply water is stored so that the planting base material is always immersed in water. You may go on. What is necessary is just to determine other cultivation conditions, such as temperature, according to the aquatic plant to be used.
根系がマット化したかどうかは、定植した植物の地上部（茎葉）を引っ張ったときの引き抜き耐性に基づいて判断することができる。具体的には、植物の地上部（茎葉）を引っ張って、そのときの感触や根の張り具合を9段階（1：定植された苗の根針が不安定で容易に引き抜くことができる、3：ある程度強い力で引き抜くことができる、5：定植された苗の根張りが十分で引き抜くことができない、7：ある程度マット化されているがトレーから外すと多少崩れる、9：完全にマット化されており容易にトレーから外せる；2、4、6、8はこれらの各段階の中間のレベルを示す）で評点し、マット化度とすることができる。マット化度が5以上であれば、本発明の緑化資材に使用可能なレベルのマット化が認められるが、7以上であることがより好ましい。 Whether the root system has been matted can be determined based on the pulling resistance when the above-ground part (stems and leaves) of the planted plant is pulled. Specifically, by pulling the above-ground part (stems and leaves) of the plant, the feel and root tension at that time are 9 stages (1: the root needle of the planted seedling is unstable and can be pulled out easily, 3 : Can be pulled out with a certain amount of force, 5: The planted seedlings are sufficiently rooted and cannot be pulled out, 7: Some matted but slightly disintegrated when removed from the tray, 9: Completely matted And can be easily removed from the tray; 2, 4, 6, and 8 indicate intermediate levels between these steps) and can be used as the degree of matting. If the degree of matting is 5 or more, matting at a level that can be used for the greening material of the present invention is recognized, but it is more preferably 7 or more.
本発明に係る緑化資材を構成する水生植物のマット化した根系は、限定するものではないが、典型的には10cm以下、好ましくは2cm〜7cm、例えば3cm〜5cmの平均厚を有するマット状（平板状）である。 The matted root system of the aquatic plant constituting the greening material according to the present invention is not limited, but is typically 10 cm or less, preferably 2 cm to 7 cm, for example, a mat shape having an average thickness of 3 cm to 5 cm ( Flat plate shape).
上記のようにして作製される水生植物のマット化した根系は、栽培時に使用した植栽基盤材等をその根の間に保持することになる。そこで本発明においては、栽培時に、無機イオン吸脱着材を含む植栽基盤材を使用することにより、緑化資材に用いる水生植物のマット化した根系に、無機イオン吸脱着材を含む植栽基盤材を保持させることができる。本発明において「無機イオン吸脱着材を含む植栽基盤材」とは、典型的には、１種又は２種以上の無機イオン吸脱着材を植栽基材（好ましくは非土壌性植栽基材）と配合したか又はその配合物を含む植栽基盤材、又は無機イオン吸脱着材からなる植栽基盤材である。 The matted root system of the aquatic plant produced as described above holds the planting base material and the like used during cultivation between the roots. Therefore, in the present invention, at the time of cultivation, by using a planting base material containing an inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material, a planting base material containing an inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material in the matted root system of an aquatic plant used as a greening material Can be held. In the present invention, the “planting base material containing an inorganic ion adsorbing / desorbing material” typically refers to one or more inorganic ion adsorbing / desorbing materials as a planting base material (preferably a non-soil-based planting base). A planting base material composed of or containing an inorganic ion adsorbing / desorbing material.
本発明において「無機イオン吸脱着材」とは、植物の生育に有用ないずれかの無機イオンを吸着することができ、かつ吸着した無機イオンを脱着（放出）することができる吸着材をいう。無機イオン吸脱着材は、例えば無機イオン交換体である。無機イオン吸脱着材は、無機イオン吸着物質を含む多孔質材料でありうる。本発明において「無機イオン吸脱着材」の好ましい例としては、硝酸イオン吸脱着材又はリン酸イオン吸脱着材が挙げられる。硝酸イオン吸脱着材は、例えば、カルシウム担持炭からなる吸着材、陰イオン交換樹脂等であってよい。リン酸イオン吸脱着材は、例えば、トバモライト（リン酸イオンの脱着性能に優れている）、鹿沼土、アロフェンとカオリン系粘土を含む焼成吸着材等であってよい。無機イオン吸脱着材は、粒状、粉末状、固形状、繊維状等の任意の形状であってよいが、好ましい１つの態様は粒状である。粒状の無機イオン吸脱着材を用いる場合、限定するものではないが、通常は最大平均粒経（直径）で10mm以下、好ましくは5mm以下とすればよい。本発明においては、無機イオン吸脱着材として、硝酸イオン吸脱着材とリン酸イオン吸脱着材を組み合わせて植栽基盤材に用いることは特に好ましい。植栽基盤における無機イオン吸脱着材の配合比は、限定するものではないが、もう一つの構成材料でありうる非土壌性植栽基材に対して、5：95〜100：0、好ましくは20：80〜60：40、より好ましくは30：70〜50：50の配合比率とすることができる。この配合比率は、計量カップを用いた計量によって決定できる、体積比である。 In the present invention, the “inorganic ion adsorbing / desorbing material” refers to an adsorbing material capable of adsorbing any inorganic ions useful for plant growth and capable of desorbing (releasing) the adsorbed inorganic ions. The inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material is, for example, an inorganic ion exchanger. The inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material may be a porous material containing an inorganic ion adsorbing substance. In the present invention, preferred examples of the “inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material” include a nitrate ion adsorption / desorption material or a phosphate ion adsorption / desorption material. The nitrate ion adsorption / desorption material may be, for example, an adsorbent made of calcium-supporting carbon, an anion exchange resin, or the like. The phosphate ion adsorption / desorption material may be, for example, tobermorite (excellent in phosphate ion desorption performance), Kanuma soil, a calcined adsorbent containing allophane and kaolin clay, and the like. The inorganic ion adsorbing / desorbing material may be in any shape such as granular, powdery, solid, or fibrous, but one preferred embodiment is granular. When a granular inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material is used, the material is not limited, but usually the maximum average particle size (diameter) is 10 mm or less, preferably 5 mm or less. In the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use a nitrate ion adsorption / desorption material and a phosphate ion adsorption / desorption material in combination as a planting base material as the inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material. The mixing ratio of the inorganic ion adsorbing / desorbing material in the planting base is not limited, but is 5:95 to 100: 0 with respect to the non-soil-based planting base material that can be another constituent material, preferably The blending ratio can be 20:80 to 60:40, more preferably 30:70 to 50:50. This blending ratio is a volume ratio that can be determined by weighing using a measuring cup.
本発明において「植栽基盤材」とは、植物を植え込む植栽基盤の構成材料となる植栽基材又はその混合物をいう。本発明で用いる植栽基盤材は、土壌を含んでもよいし非土壌性植栽基材を含んでもよい。しかし、土壌からの栄養分流出による環境負荷が懸念される場合等には、本発明で用いる植栽基盤材は、無機イオン吸脱着材と非土壌性植栽基材とを含み、土壌を含まないことが好ましい。本発明で用いる植栽基盤材は無機イオン吸脱着材からなるものであってもよい。本発明において「非土壌性植栽基材」とは、土壌以外の植栽基材を意味し、例えば、砂（川砂等）、砂利、人工植栽基材（例えばパーライトなど火山岩を加工した植栽基材、発泡スチロール廃材、建設廃材、下水汚泥などに由来する溶融スラグ）等が挙げられる。砂は、非土壌性植栽基材の好ましい例である。植栽基盤における砂の配合比は、限定するものではないが、無機イオン吸脱着材に対して、0：100〜95：5、好ましくは40：60〜80：20、より好ましくは50：50〜70：30の配合比率とすることができる。この配合比率は、計量カップを用いた計量によって決定できる、体積比である。 In the present invention, the “planting base material” refers to a planting base material or a mixture thereof as a constituent material of a planting base for planting a plant. The planting base material used in the present invention may include soil or a non-soil-based planting base material. However, when there is a concern about the environmental load due to the outflow of nutrients from the soil, the planting base material used in the present invention includes an inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material and a non-soil-based planting base material, and does not include soil. It is preferable. The planting base material used in the present invention may be made of an inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material. In the present invention, “non-soil planting substrate” means a plant substrate other than soil, for example, sand (river sand, etc.), gravel, artificial planting substrate (for example, planted processed volcanic rock such as perlite) Plant base material, polystyrene foam waste, construction waste, molten slag derived from sewage sludge) and the like. Sand is a preferred example of a non-soil planting substrate. Although the compounding ratio of the sand in a planting base is not limited, 0: 100 to 95: 5, preferably 40:60 to 80:20, more preferably 50:50 with respect to the inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material. It can be set to a blending ratio of ˜70: 30. This blending ratio is a volume ratio that can be determined by weighing using a measuring cup.
本発明で用いる植栽基盤材は、さらに繊維材料を含んでもよい。繊維材料は合成繊維でも天然繊維でもよく、線状（一次元）のものでも布状（二次元）あるいは三次元のネット状のものでも良い。繊維材料としては例えば、プラスチック繊維、ヤシ繊維、麻繊維、稲ワラ等、窒素、リン成分の溶出が無いか非常に低い材料が挙げられる。繊維材料を配合することにより、根と土壌をより一体化しやすくさせることができる。 The planting base material used in the present invention may further contain a fiber material. The fiber material may be synthetic fiber or natural fiber, and may be linear (one-dimensional), cloth (two-dimensional), or three-dimensional net. Examples of the fiber material include plastic fiber, coconut fiber, hemp fiber, rice straw, and the like, which have no or very low elution of nitrogen and phosphorus components. By blending the fiber material, the root and soil can be more easily integrated.
以上のようにして得られる、マット化した根系を有し、かつその根系に保持された無機イオン吸脱着材を含む植栽基盤材とを有する水生植物は、水質保全用緑化資材として使用することができる。本発明において「水質保全用緑化資材」とは、緑化（好ましくは水辺の緑化）に使用する際に水質保全機能を発揮させることを目的とした緑化資材である。 The aquatic plant having a matted root system obtained as described above and having a planting base material containing an inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material held in the root system should be used as a greening material for water quality conservation. Can do. The “greening material for water quality conservation” in the present invention is a greening material for the purpose of exhibiting a water quality conservation function when used for greening (preferably waterside greening).
本発明はまた、このような水質保全用緑化資材と通水路とを備え、通水路に導入された水が、通水路内に固定されたその緑化資材におけるマット化した根系を通過するように構成されていることを特徴とする水質保全システムも提供する。本発明において「通水路」とは、水質保全のために水処理すべき水を導入するための水路を意味する。この通水路は、水辺に設置されたものでもよいし、水辺から水を引水するように内陸に設置されたものでもよいし、可動式のものでもよい。この通水路（好ましくは通水路の内部、例えば通水路の底部）には、本発明に係る緑化資材が固定される。この通水路に導入された水が、通水路内の前記緑化資材を構成するマット化した根系を通過すると、水中の無機イオンが吸脱着材に吸着され、水から除去される。吸着された無機イオンは前記緑化資材を構成する水生植物によって吸収され、消費される。この結果、通水路に導入される水の水質を保全することができる。 The present invention is also provided with such a water quality conservation greening material and a water channel, and the water introduced into the water channel passes through the matted root system of the greening material fixed in the water channel. It also provides a water quality conservation system characterized by In the present invention, the “water channel” means a water channel for introducing water to be treated for water quality conservation. This water channel may be installed on the waterside, may be installed inland so as to draw water from the waterside, or may be movable. The greening material according to the present invention is fixed to the water passage (preferably the inside of the water passage, for example, the bottom of the water passage). When the water introduced into the water channel passes through the matted root system constituting the greening material in the water channel, the inorganic ions in the water are adsorbed by the adsorption / desorption material and removed from the water. The adsorbed inorganic ions are absorbed and consumed by the aquatic plants constituting the greening material. As a result, the quality of the water introduced into the water channel can be maintained.
本発明はまた、本発明に係る緑化資材を水辺施工面に設置することを特徴とする、水質保全方法も提供する。本発明において「水辺」とは、水生植物（より好ましくは抽水植物又は湿生植物）の生育域、特に水際の湿潤域及び浅い水域（水深10〜100cm程度）を意味する。「水辺施工面に設置」とは、水辺の施工面に本発明に係る緑化資材を配置又は固定することを意味する。これにより、本発明に係る緑化資材のマット化した根系と接触した水又は水分中の無機イオンが、マット化した根系に保持された吸脱着材に吸着され除去される。吸着された無機イオンは前記緑化資材を構成する水生植物によって吸収され、消費される。この結果、水辺の水質を保全することができる。 This invention also provides the water quality maintenance method characterized by installing the greening material which concerns on this invention in a waterside construction surface. In the present invention, the “waterside” means a growth area of an aquatic plant (more preferably, a water extraction plant or a wet plant), particularly a wet area and a shallow water area (water depth of about 10 to 100 cm). “Installation on the waterside construction surface” means that the greening material according to the present invention is arranged or fixed on the waterside construction surface. Thereby, the inorganic ion in the water or water | moisture content which contacted the matted root system of the greening material which concerns on this invention is adsorbed and removed by the adsorption / desorption material hold | maintained at the matted root system. The adsorbed inorganic ions are absorbed and consumed by the aquatic plants constituting the greening material. As a result, the water quality of the waterside can be preserved.
本発明に係る水質保全用緑化資材、水質保全システム及び水質保全方法を用いれば、効率良く簡便に水処理（水質浄化）することができ、例えば水路や人工池等の浅い水域の富栄養化を効果的に防止することができる。 By using the greening material for water quality maintenance, the water quality maintenance system and the water quality maintenance method according to the present invention, water treatment (water quality purification) can be performed efficiently and easily. For example, eutrophication of shallow water areas such as waterways and artificial ponds can be achieved. It can be effectively prevented.
以下、実施例を用いて本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。但し、本発明の技術的範囲はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.
［実施例１］吸着材の選定
窒素又はリンの除去効率の高い吸着材の選定を行うため、数種類の吸着材を用いて富栄養化因子である硝酸イオン及びリン酸イオンの吸着試験を行った。
[Example 1] Selection of adsorbents In order to select adsorbents with high nitrogen or phosphorus removal efficiency, adsorption tests of nitrate ions and phosphate ions, which are eutrophication factors, were performed using several types of adsorbents. .
供試吸着材としては、Caを担持する日本植生株式会社製機能炭「アニオクリン」、ケイ酸カルシウム系の鉱物であるトバモライト、土壌改良などに用いられる鹿沼土及び焼成珪藻土、河川の水質浄化などに適用されている木炭及び活性炭を用いた。機能炭は、植物性廃材にCa含有化合物を添加し、それを炭化することにより製造された、粒径（直径）1〜2 mm程度の黒色の粒状吸着材である。この機能炭は、高濃度の塩類で再生される通り、イオン交換により硝酸イオンを吸着する。 The test adsorbents include functional carbon “Aniocline” made by Nippon Vegetation Co., Ltd. that supports Ca, calcium silicate mineral, tobermorite, Kanuma soil and calcined diatomaceous earth used for soil improvement, water purification of rivers, etc. Applied charcoal and activated charcoal were used. Functional charcoal is a black granular adsorbent having a particle size (diameter) of about 1 to 2 mm, which is produced by adding a Ca-containing compound to plant waste and carbonizing it. This functional charcoal adsorbs nitrate ions by ion exchange as it is regenerated with high-concentration salts.
吸着試験は、硝酸イオンについてはKNO3 1083 mg/L、リン酸イオンについてはK2HPO4 5.6 mg/Lを含む模擬供給水を用いて回分方式で行った。まず、模擬供給水500 mLに対して1〜10 gの吸着材をそれぞれ添加し、20℃でスターラーにより攪拌した。48時間後に硝酸イオン及びリン酸イオン濃度を測定し、それぞれの吸着材の単位重量当たりの吸着量を測定した。 The adsorption test was conducted in a batch system using simulated feed water containing KNO 3 1083 mg / L for nitrate ions and K 2 HPO 4 5.6 mg / L for phosphate ions. First, 1 to 10 g of an adsorbent was added to 500 mL of simulated supply water, and stirred with a stirrer at 20 ° C. After 48 hours, the nitrate ion and phosphate ion concentrations were measured, and the amount of adsorption per unit weight of each adsorbent was measured.
硝酸イオン濃度は、サンプルを0.2μmでろ過した後、ろ液を適宜希釈し、高速液体クロマトグラフィー（以下、HPLCと略す）により測定した。HPLC分析は次のように行った。島津製作所製のイオンクロマトグラフ CTO-10Aを用い、カラムとしてはウォーターズ社製の IC-Pak Anion HC 4.6×150 mmを用いた。検出器は紫外・可視吸光光度検出器（UV-VIS Detector）、溶離液はKCl 20 mMを用い、流速を1.5 mL/minとした。
The nitrate ion concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (hereinafter abbreviated as HPLC) after the sample was filtered through 0.2 μm and the filtrate was appropriately diluted. HPLC analysis was performed as follows. An ion chromatograph CTO-10A manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation was used, and an IC-Pak Anion HC 4.6 × 150 mm manufactured by Waters Co. was used as a column. The detector used was a UV-VIS Detector, the eluent was
リン酸イオン濃度の測定では、まずサンプルを0.2μmでろ過した後、適量のろ液をメスシリンダーにとり、水を25 ｍLの標線まで加えた。そこにモリブデン酸アンモニウム-アスコルビン酸混合液2mLを加えて振り混ぜた後、20〜40℃で約15分間放置した。溶液の一部を吸収セルに移し、波長880 nm付近の吸光度を測定した。別途、リン酸標準液を用いて検量線を作成し、サンプル中のリン酸イオン濃度を算出した。 In the measurement of phosphate ion concentration, the sample was first filtered through 0.2 μm, and then an appropriate amount of filtrate was taken into a graduated cylinder, and water was added to a 25 mL mark. Thereto was added 2 mL of ammonium molybdate-ascorbic acid mixed solution, and the mixture was shaken and allowed to stand at 20 to 40 ° C. for about 15 minutes. A part of the solution was transferred to an absorption cell, and the absorbance around a wavelength of 880 nm was measured. Separately, a calibration curve was prepared using a phosphoric acid standard solution, and the phosphate ion concentration in the sample was calculated.
このようにして得られた吸着試験の結果を図１に示す。硝酸イオンに対しては機能炭が、リン酸イオンに対してはトバモライト及び鹿沼土が他の吸着材に比較して高い吸着能を示した（図１）。特に機能炭は、従来の高コストのイオン交換樹脂（吸着量は15mg-N/g程度）と比べても高い硝酸イオン吸着能を持つことが示された（図１）。またこれらの吸着材は標的の無機イオンが低濃度でも高い吸着能を発揮できた。 The results of the adsorption test thus obtained are shown in FIG. Functional charcoal for nitrate ions and Tobermorite and Kanuma soil for phosphate ions showed higher adsorption capacity compared to other adsorbents (FIG. 1). In particular, functional charcoal was shown to have a higher nitrate ion adsorption capacity than conventional high-cost ion exchange resins (adsorption amount is about 15 mg-N / g) (Fig. 1). Moreover, these adsorbents were able to exhibit high adsorption ability even when the target inorganic ions were in low concentration.
なお、土壌等に吸着されたリン酸イオンは脱着されにくい場合があることが知られている。そこで、高いリン酸吸着能を示したトバモライト及び鹿沼土について、トルオーグ法を用いて吸着試験後の吸着材からのリン酸イオンの脱着量の測定を次のように行った。硫酸アンモニウム及び硫酸を用いてpH＝3に調整した抽出液500 mLに吸着試験後の吸着材を添加し、20℃で30分間振とうした。その後、抽出液中のリン酸イオン濃度を測定し、リン酸イオンの脱着量を算出した。その結果、吸着試験で得られたリン酸イオンの吸着量に対してトバモライトでは約49％、鹿沼土では約9％のリン酸イオンの脱着が計測された。 It is known that phosphate ions adsorbed on soil or the like may not be easily desorbed. Then, about the tobermorite and Kanuma soil which showed the high phosphate adsorption capacity, the desorption amount of the phosphate ion from the adsorbent after an adsorption test was measured as follows using the Toruogue method. The adsorbent after the adsorption test was added to 500 mL of an extract adjusted to pH = 3 using ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid, and shaken at 20 ° C. for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the phosphate ion concentration in the extract was measured, and the amount of phosphate ion desorption was calculated. As a result, about 49% of tobermorite and about 9% of phosphate ions desorbed in Kanuma soil were measured with respect to the amount of phosphate ions adsorbed in the adsorption test.
［実施例２］吸着材を担持させたマット化根系を有する水生植物の作製
本実施例では、実施例１にて選定された無機イオン吸脱着材をマット化した水生植物の根系に担持させることにより、マット水生植物を利用した水質保全用緑化資材を作製した。
[Example 2] Production of aquatic plant having matted root system supporting adsorbent In this example, the inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material selected in Example 1 is supported on the matted aquatic plant root system. Thus, a greening material for water quality conservation using mat aquatic plants was produced.
（１）植栽基盤の調整
水生植物の根系を平板化（マット化）し、そこに吸脱着材を担持させるのに適した植栽基盤の配合を検討するために、株式会社鹿沼興産から購入した砂と、硝酸イオン吸脱着材には機能炭「アニオクリン」、リン酸吸脱着材には「トバモライト（1〜5mm）」又は鹿沼土（1〜3mm）を用い、表１に示す4つのパターン（試験区１〜４）にしたがって各植栽基材を配合し、25cm角で2連の育苗トレーに厚み2cmで敷き均して試験用植栽基盤を作製した。各試験区とも４トレーずつ作製し、実験に用いた。
(1) Adjustment of planting base Purchase from Kanuma Kosan Co., Ltd. to study the composition of planting base suitable for flattening (matizing) the root system of aquatic plants and supporting adsorption / desorption materials there. 4 patterns shown in Table 1, using functional sand "aniocrine" for the adsorbed and desorbing material for nitrate ion, and "tobermorite (1-5mm)" or Kanuma soil (1-3mm) for the phosphate adsorbing / desorbing material Each planting base material was blended according to (
（２）水生植物の定植及び育成
供試植物として湿生植物であるヨシ（Phragmites australis）を用い、市販されている径9cmのポット苗を購入し、2009年6月5日に、作製した25cm角トレーに5株の割合で定植した。定植後、ビニールシートを敷いた深さ4cmのトレーの上に各トレーを載せて植栽基盤が常に水に浸る状態にして、2ヶ月ほど温室内で養生したのち、以降は屋外に移して栽培した。
(2) Planting and breeding of
（３）調査方法
各試験区におけるヨシの生育状況及び根系がマット化する状況を比較するために、ヨシの草丈、被度、根系のマット化度を2週間に1回の頻度で調査した。草丈は、各トレーの中央に定植された株の草丈をcm単位で実測した。被度については目視にて各トレーをヨシが被覆している割合を調査し、マット化度については定植された植物の地上部を引っ張ったときの感触に応じて１〜９の９段階で評点した。マット化度の評点基準は、「１：定植された苗の根張りが不安定で容易に引き抜くことができる〜３：ある程度の強い力で引き抜くことができる〜５：定植された苗の根張りが十分で引き抜くことが容易ではない〜：７：ある程度マット化されているがトレーから外すと多少崩れる〜９：完全にマット化されており容易にトレーから外せる」である。
(3) Survey method In order to compare the growth status of the reeds and the root system matting in each test plot, the plant height, coverage and root matting degree of reeds were investigated once every two weeks. The plant height was measured in cm by the plant height of a plant planted in the center of each tray. For coverage, the proportion of each tray covered with reeds by visual inspection was investigated, and the degree of matting was graded in 9 levels from 1 to 9 depending on the feel when pulling the ground part of the planted plant. did. The standard for the degree of matting is as follows: “1: The rooting of the planted seedling is unstable and can be pulled out easily ~ 3: It can be pulled out with some strong force ~ 5: The rooting of the planted seedling It is sufficient and is not easy to pull out: 7: It is matted to some extent, but it is somewhat broken when removed from the tray. 9: It is completely matted and can be easily removed from the tray.
（４）調査結果−水生植物の根系のマット化に適した植生基盤の配合
各試験区におけるヨシの草丈については、定植してから1ヶ月半が経過した7月17日調査時以降、試験区１（砂のみ配合）における草丈が他に比べて低く推移し、4ヶ月が経過した10月2日調査時においては、試験区１に定植したヨシの草丈が他に比べて有意に低かった（図２）。他の3つの試験区間で草丈の推移や定植4ヶ月後の草丈に有意な差は認められなかった。
(4) Survey results-Formulation of vegetation base suitable for matting of the root system of aquatic plants Regarding the plant height of reeds in each test plot, the test plots were surveyed on and after July 17th, one and a half months after planting. The plant height in 1 (mixed with sand only) was lower than the others, and the plant height of reeds planted in the
被度についても、定植してから1ヶ月半が経過したころから試験区間で有意な差が見られるようになり、砂のみを配合した試験区１における被度が他に比べて低いまま推移した。3種類の材料で構成される無機イオン吸脱着材を配合した試験区のうち、吸脱着材を50％混合した試験区４における被度が、試験期間を通して、最も高かった。
As for the cover, a significant difference was seen in the test section from about one and a half months after planting, and the cover in the
各試験区に定植したヨシの根系がマット化していく状況については、トレーに定植してから約3ヶ月が経過した8月28日調査時まで試験区間でマット化度に有意な差は見られなかった。9月以降、吸脱着材を配合した試験区２、３、４では根系のマット化が進み、4ヶ月が経過した10月2日調査時にマット化度が、緑化資材として使用可能な状態まで根系がマット化したと判定する基準となっている７点を超えた。砂のみを配合した試験区１におけるマット化度は５点を超えることなく推移した（図３）。
Regarding the situation where the reed root system planted in each test area is matted, there is a significant difference in matting degree in the test section until the survey on August 28, about 3 months after the planting on the tray. There wasn't. Since September, the root system has been matted in
以上のことから、砂のみの植栽基盤に比べて、無機イオン吸脱着材を配合した植栽基盤においてヨシが旺盛に生育し、根系のマット化が進んだことから、用いた無機イオン吸脱着材は水に含まれる植物の栄養塩を吸着し、脱着することが明らかとなった。また、砂に無機イオン吸脱着材を配合することによって、水生植物の根系をマット化することができ、本発明に資する水質浄化機能を備えた緑化資材を供与できることが明らかとなった。 From the above, compared to the sand-only planting base, the reeds grew vigorously on the planting base containing the inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material, and the root system became more matte. It was revealed that the wood adsorbs and desorbs the nutrients of plants contained in water. Moreover, it became clear that the root system of aquatic plants can be matted by adding an inorganic ion adsorbing / desorbing material to sand, and a greening material having a water purification function that contributes to the present invention can be provided.
本発明は、水路や人工池等の浅い水域の富栄養化の防止、及びそれらの水域の水質浄化のために用いることができる。本発明を用いれば、例えば、無機イオンに代表される栄養塩を低濃度レベルでも除去することができる。また本発明では、多くの種類の水生植物を利用することができるため、水質保全を要する水辺において外観的な変化をもたせることができ、生態系の維持にも有用である。また本発明に係る無機イオン吸脱着材を保持するマット化した根を有する水生植物を用いた水質保全システムは、システム全体として軽いため、人工地盤に適用することもできる。 The present invention can be used to prevent eutrophication of shallow water areas such as waterways and artificial ponds and to purify the water quality of those water areas. By using the present invention, for example, nutrient salts typified by inorganic ions can be removed even at a low concentration level. Moreover, in this invention, since many kinds of aquatic plants can be utilized, an external change can be given in the waterside which needs water quality maintenance, and it is useful also for the maintenance of an ecosystem. Moreover, since the water quality maintenance system using the aquatic plant which has the matted root which hold | maintains the inorganic ion adsorption / desorption material which concerns on this invention is light as the whole system, it can also be applied to artificial ground.
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