JP5547665B2 - Power supply - Google Patents

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JP5547665B2
JP5547665B2 JP2011009822A JP2011009822A JP5547665B2 JP 5547665 B2 JP5547665 B2 JP 5547665B2 JP 2011009822 A JP2011009822 A JP 2011009822A JP 2011009822 A JP2011009822 A JP 2011009822A JP 5547665 B2 JP5547665 B2 JP 5547665B2
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power storage
storage unit
unit
detection
power
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JP2012152057A (en
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俊秀 中野
和法 真田
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Toshiba Mitsubishi Electric Industrial Systems Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Description

この発明は電力供給装置に関し、特に、電力を蓄える蓄電部を備えた電力供給装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a power supply device, and more particularly, to a power supply device including a power storage unit that stores power.

一般に、電力変換装置、無停電電源装置などの電力供給装置には、直流電力を蓄えるコンデンサが設けられている。しかし、コンデンサの容量値は温度低下に応じて減少し、コンデンサの端子間電圧を一定に保持すると、コンデンサの蓄積エネルギーは温度低下に応じて減少する。そこで、温度低下に応じてコンデンサの端子間電圧を上昇させ、コンデンサの蓄積エネルギーを一定に保つ方法がある（たとえば、特許文献１参照）。   In general, a power supply device such as a power conversion device or an uninterruptible power supply device is provided with a capacitor for storing DC power. However, the capacitance value of the capacitor decreases as the temperature decreases, and when the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor is kept constant, the energy stored in the capacitor decreases as the temperature decreases. Therefore, there is a method of keeping the accumulated energy of the capacitor constant by raising the voltage between the terminals of the capacitor in accordance with the temperature drop (for example, see Patent Document 1).

特開２００２−１４２３７３号公報JP 2002-142373 A

しかし、コンデンサの端子間電圧は、無制限に調整できるものではなく、コンデンサの定格電圧、充電部の能力などで制限される。このため、低温時には電力供給装置の電流供給能力が低下すると言う問題があった。   However, the voltage between the terminals of the capacitor cannot be adjusted without limitation, and is limited by the rated voltage of the capacitor, the capacity of the charging unit, and the like. For this reason, there existed a problem that the electric current supply capability of an electric power supply apparatus fell at the time of low temperature.

それゆえに、この発明の主たる目的は、低温時における電流供給能力の低下を防止することが可能な電力供給装置を提供することである。   Therefore, a main object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device capable of preventing a decrease in current supply capability at a low temperature.

この発明に係る電力供給装置は、電力を蓄える蓄電部と、直流電流を供給して蓄電部を充電するとともに、交流電流を供給して蓄電部を発熱させる充電部と、蓄電部の電力を負荷に供給する放電部と、蓄電部の出力電圧を検出する電圧検出部と、蓄電部またはその周辺の温度を検出する温度検出部とを備えたものである。充電部は、電圧検出部の検出値が予め定められた参照電圧になるように直流電流を蓄電部に供給し、温度検出部の検出値が予め定められた参照温度よりも低い場合は、さらに交流電流を蓄電部に供給し、交流電流を蓄電部に供給しても蓄電部の温度が予め定められた参照温度を越えない場合、異常が発生したことを報知する報知信号を出力する。 The power supply device according to the present invention includes a power storage unit that stores power, a charging unit that supplies a direct current to charge the power storage unit, supplies an alternating current to generate heat, and loads the power of the power storage unit. A discharge unit that supplies power, a voltage detection unit that detects an output voltage of the power storage unit, and a temperature detection unit that detects the temperature of the power storage unit or its surroundings . The charging unit supplies a direct current to the power storage unit so that the detection value of the voltage detection unit becomes a predetermined reference voltage, and when the detection value of the temperature detection unit is lower than the predetermined reference temperature, When an alternating current is supplied to the power storage unit and the temperature of the power storage unit does not exceed a predetermined reference temperature even when the alternating current is supplied to the power storage unit, a notification signal is output to notify that an abnormality has occurred.

また好ましくは、充電部は、温度検出部の検出値が予め定められた参照温度よりも低い場合、温度検出部の検出値に応じて、交流電流の振幅および周波数のうちの少なくともいずれか一方を制御して蓄電部の発熱量を制御する。   Further preferably, when the detection value of the temperature detection unit is lower than a predetermined reference temperature, the charging unit determines at least one of the amplitude and the frequency of the alternating current according to the detection value of the temperature detection unit. To control the amount of heat generated by the power storage unit.

また、この発明に係る他の電力供給装置は、電力を蓄える蓄電部と、直流電流を供給して蓄電部を充電するとともに、交流電流を供給して蓄電部を発熱させる充電部と、蓄電部の電力を負荷に供給する放電部と、蓄電部の出力電圧を検出する電圧検出部と、蓄電部の放電電流を検出する電流検出部と、電圧検出部および電流検出部の検出結果に基づいて蓄電部の内部抵抗値を検出する抵抗検出部とを備えたものである。充電部は、電圧検出部の検出値が予め定められた参照電圧になるように直流電流を蓄電部に供給し、抵抗検出部の検出値が予め定められた参照抵抗値よりも高い場合は、さらに交流電流を蓄電部に供給し、交流電流を蓄電部に供給しても蓄電部の内部抵抗値が予め定められた参照抵抗値を越えない場合、異常が発生したことを報知する報知信号を出力する。 Another power supply device according to the present invention includes a power storage unit that stores electric power, a charging unit that supplies a direct current to charge the power storage unit, supplies an alternating current to generate heat, and a power storage unit. Based on the detection results of the discharge unit for supplying the power to the load, the voltage detection unit for detecting the output voltage of the power storage unit, the current detection unit for detecting the discharge current of the power storage unit, and the voltage detection unit and the current detection unit Ru der that a resistance detection unit for detecting the internal resistance of power storage unit. The charging unit supplies a direct current to the power storage unit so that the detection value of the voltage detection unit becomes a predetermined reference voltage, and when the detection value of the resistance detection unit is higher than the predetermined reference resistance value, Furthermore, when an alternating current is supplied to the power storage unit and the internal resistance value of the power storage unit does not exceed a predetermined reference resistance value even when the alternating current is supplied to the power storage unit, a notification signal is sent to notify that an abnormality has occurred. Output .

また好ましくは、充電部は、抵抗検出部の検出値が予め定められた参照抵抗値よりも高い場合、抵抗検出部の検出値に応じて、交流電流の振幅および周波数のうちの少なくともいずれか一方を制御して蓄電部の発熱量を制御する。   Further preferably, when the detection value of the resistance detection unit is higher than a predetermined reference resistance value, the charging unit preferably has at least one of the amplitude and frequency of the alternating current according to the detection value of the resistance detection unit. To control the heat generation amount of the power storage unit.

また、この発明に係るさらに他の電力供給装置は、電力を蓄える蓄電部と、直流電流を供給して蓄電部を充電するとともに、交流電流を供給して蓄電部を発熱させる充電部と、蓄電部の電力を負荷に供給する放電部と、蓄電部の出力電圧を検出する電圧検出部と、蓄電部の放電電流を検出する電流検出部と、電圧検出部および電流検出部の検出結果に基づいて蓄電部の容量値を検出する容量検出部とを備えたものである。充電部は、電圧検出部の検出値が予め定められた参照電圧になるように直流電流を蓄電部に供給し、容量検出部の検出値が予め定められた参照容量値よりも低い場合は、さらに交流電流を蓄電部に供給する。 Further, another power supply device according to the present invention includes a power storage unit that stores electric power, a charging unit that supplies a direct current to charge the power storage unit, supplies an alternating current to generate heat, and stores Based on the detection results of the discharge unit that supplies the power of the unit to the load, the voltage detection unit that detects the output voltage of the power storage unit, the current detection unit that detects the discharge current of the power storage unit, and the voltage detection unit and the current detection unit der that a capacitance detection unit that detects a capacitance value of the power storage unit Te Ru. The charging unit supplies a direct current to the power storage unit so that the detection value of the voltage detection unit becomes a predetermined reference voltage, and when the detection value of the capacity detection unit is lower than the predetermined reference capacity value, Further, an alternating current is supplied to the power storage unit.

また好ましくは、充電部は、容量検出部の検出値が予め定められた参照容量値よりも高い場合、容量検出部の検出値に応じて、交流電流の振幅および周波数のうちの少なくともいずれか一方を制御して蓄電部の発熱量を制御する。   Preferably, the charging unit has at least one of an amplitude and a frequency of an alternating current according to the detection value of the capacity detection unit when the detection value of the capacity detection unit is higher than a predetermined reference capacity value. To control the heat generation amount of the power storage unit.

また好ましくは、充電部は、交流電流を蓄電部に供給しても蓄電部の容量値が予め定められた参照容量値を越えない場合、異常が発生したことを報知する報知信号を出力する。   Preferably, the charging unit outputs a notification signal notifying that an abnormality has occurred when the capacity value of the power storage unit does not exceed a predetermined reference capacity value even when an alternating current is supplied to the power storage unit.

この発明に係る電力供給装置では、直流電流を供給して蓄電部を充電するとともに、交流電流を供給して蓄電部を発熱させる。したがって、低温時に蓄電部の蓄電能力が低下して電流供給能力が低下するのを防止することができる。   In the power supply device according to the present invention, the direct current is supplied to charge the power storage unit, and the alternating current is supplied to cause the power storage unit to generate heat. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the power storage capability of the power storage unit from decreasing at low temperatures and the current supply capability from decreasing.

この発明の実施の形態１による電力供給装置の構成を示す回路ブロック図である。It is a circuit block diagram which shows the structure of the electric power supply apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. 図１に示した蓄電装置の構成を例示する回路ブロック図である。FIG. 2 is a circuit block diagram illustrating the configuration of the power storage device illustrated in FIG. 1. 図１に示した電力供給装置の低温時の動作を示すタイムチャートである。It is a time chart which shows the operation | movement at the time of the low temperature of the electric power supply apparatus shown in FIG. 実施の形態１の変更例を示す回路ブロック図である。FIG. 6 is a circuit block diagram illustrating a modification of the first embodiment. 実施の形態１の他の変更例を示すタイムチャートである。10 is a time chart showing another modification of the first embodiment. 実施の形態１のさらに他の変更例を示すタイムチャートである。12 is a time chart showing still another modification of the first embodiment. 実施の形態１のさらに他の変更例を示すタイムチャートである。12 is a time chart showing still another modification of the first embodiment. この発明の実施の形態２による電力供給装置の構成を示す回路ブロック図である。It is a circuit block diagram which shows the structure of the electric power supply apparatus by Embodiment 2 of this invention. 図８に示した蓄電装置の等価回路を示す回路図である。It is a circuit diagram which shows the equivalent circuit of the electrical storage apparatus shown in FIG. 図９に示した内部抵抗値および容量値を検出する方法を示すタイムチャートである。10 is a time chart showing a method for detecting the internal resistance value and the capacitance value shown in FIG. 9.

［実施の形態１］
本発明の実施の形態１による電力供給装置は、図１に示すように、電圧センサ２，６、充電装置３、蓄電装置４、温度センサ５、電流センサ７、放電装置８、および制御装置９を備える。 [Embodiment 1]
As shown in FIG. 1, the power supply device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention includes voltage sensors 2 and 6, a charging device 3, a power storage device 4, a temperature sensor 5, a current sensor 7, a discharging device 8, and a control device 9. Is provided.

電圧センサ２は、商用交流電源１からの交流電圧を検出し、検出値を示す信号を制御装置９に与える。電圧センサ２の出力信号は、停電の有無、交流電圧の位相を検出するために使用される。   The voltage sensor 2 detects an AC voltage from the commercial AC power source 1 and gives a signal indicating the detected value to the control device 9. The output signal of the voltage sensor 2 is used to detect the presence or absence of a power failure and the phase of the AC voltage.

充電装置３は、制御装置９によって制御されるとともに、商用交流電源１からの交流電力によって駆動され、直流電流を供給して蓄電装置４を充電するとともに、交流電流を供給して蓄電装置４を発熱させる。   The charging device 3 is controlled by the control device 9 and is driven by AC power from the commercial AC power supply 1 to supply the DC current to charge the power storage device 4 and supply the AC current to supply the power storage device 4. Causes fever.

すなわち、充電装置３は、蓄電装置４の出力電圧が所定の参照電圧ＶＲになるように、蓄電装置４に直流電流を供給する。また、充電装置３は、蓄電装置４の温度が所定の参照温度ＴＲよりも低い場合、蓄電装置４の温度が所定の参照温度ＴＲよりも高くなるように、蓄電装置４に交流電流を供給して蓄電装置４を発熱させる。   That is, the charging device 3 supplies a direct current to the power storage device 4 so that the output voltage of the power storage device 4 becomes a predetermined reference voltage VR. Further, when the temperature of the power storage device 4 is lower than the predetermined reference temperature TR, the charging device 3 supplies an alternating current to the power storage device 4 so that the temperature of the power storage device 4 becomes higher than the predetermined reference temperature TR. The power storage device 4 is caused to generate heat.

蓄電装置４は、図２に示すように、充電装置３の出力ノードと接地電圧ＧＮＤのラインとの間に接続された電気二重層コンデンサ４ａを含む。コンデンサ４ａの容量値は温度低下に応じて減少し、コンデンサ４ａの端子間電圧を一定に保持すると、コンデンサ４ａの蓄積エネルギーは温度低下に応じて減少する。しかし、本実施の形態では、コンデンサ４ａの温度が参照温度ＴＲよりも低下した場合、充電装置３から交流電流が供給されてコンデンサ４ａが加熱されるので、低温時においてコンデンサ４ａの容量値が低下してコンデンサ４ａの蓄積エネルギーが低下するのを防止することができる。   As shown in FIG. 2, power storage device 4 includes an electric double layer capacitor 4a connected between an output node of charging device 3 and a line of ground voltage GND. The capacitance value of the capacitor 4a decreases as the temperature decreases. When the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor 4a is kept constant, the energy stored in the capacitor 4a decreases as the temperature decreases. However, in the present embodiment, when the temperature of the capacitor 4a is lower than the reference temperature TR, the alternating current is supplied from the charging device 3 to heat the capacitor 4a, so that the capacitance value of the capacitor 4a decreases at low temperatures. Thus, it is possible to prevent the energy stored in the capacitor 4a from being lowered.

温度センサ５は、蓄電装置４の温度を直接または間接的に検出し、検出結果を示す信号を制御装置９に与える。温度センサ５によって蓄電装置４の周辺の温度を測定してもよい。電圧センサ６は、蓄電装置４の出力電圧（コンデンサ４ａの端子間電圧）を検出し、検出結果を示す信号を制御装置９に与える。電流センサ７は、蓄電装置４から放電装置８に流れる電流を検出し、検出結果を示す信号を制御装置９に与える。放電装置８は、制御装置９によって制御され、蓄電装置４に蓄えられた直流電力を負荷１０に供給する。放電装置８は、たとえば、インバータであり、充電装置３および蓄電装置４からの直流電力を交流電力に変換して負荷１０に与える。   The temperature sensor 5 directly or indirectly detects the temperature of the power storage device 4 and gives a signal indicating the detection result to the control device 9. The temperature around the power storage device 4 may be measured by the temperature sensor 5. Voltage sensor 6 detects the output voltage of power storage device 4 (the voltage across terminals of capacitor 4a) and provides a signal indicating the detection result to control device 9. Current sensor 7 detects a current flowing from power storage device 4 to discharge device 8, and provides a signal indicating the detection result to control device 9. The discharge device 8 is controlled by the control device 9 and supplies DC power stored in the power storage device 4 to the load 10. Discharge device 8 is, for example, an inverter, and converts DC power from charging device 3 and power storage device 4 to AC power and applies it to load 10.

制御装置９は、電圧センサ６の出力信号に基づき、蓄電装置４の出力電圧が所定の参照電圧ＶＲに一致するように充電装置３を制御し、充電装置３から蓄電装置４に直流電流を流す。また、制御装置９は、温度センサ５の出力信号に基づき、蓄電装置４の温度が所定の参照温度ＴＲ以上になるように充電装置３を制御し、蓄電装置４に交流電流を流して蓄電装置４を発熱させる。   Based on the output signal of voltage sensor 6, control device 9 controls charging device 3 so that the output voltage of power storage device 4 matches a predetermined reference voltage VR, and directs a direct current from charging device 3 to power storage device 4. . Control device 9 controls charging device 3 based on the output signal of temperature sensor 5 so that the temperature of power storage device 4 becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined reference temperature TR, and allows an AC current to flow through power storage device 4 to store the power storage device. 4 is heated.

また、制御装置９は、所定時間、蓄電装置４に交流電流を流したにも関わらず蓄電装置４の温度が参照温度ＴＲを越えない場合、蓄電装置４などに異常が発生したことを報知する報知信号φＡを出力する。報知信号φＡに応答して、音、光などにより異常発生を作業者に報知するブザー、ランプなどの報知装置を設けてもよい。   In addition, when the temperature of the power storage device 4 does not exceed the reference temperature TR even though an alternating current is supplied to the power storage device 4 for a predetermined time, the control device 9 notifies that an abnormality has occurred in the power storage device 4 or the like. The notification signal φA is output. In response to the notification signal φA, a notification device such as a buzzer or a lamp for notifying the operator of the occurrence of an abnormality by sound, light or the like may be provided.

また、制御装置９は、電圧センサ２の出力信号に基づき、商用交流電源１が停電しているか否かを判別し、停電したと判別したときは充電装置３の運転を停止させる。また、放電装置８がインバータである場合、制御装置９は、電圧センサ２の出力信号に基づいて放電装置８を制御し、商用交流電源１からの交流電圧と同位相の交流電圧を負荷１０に供給する。   Further, the control device 9 determines whether or not the commercial AC power supply 1 has a power failure based on the output signal of the voltage sensor 2, and stops the operation of the charging device 3 when it is determined that a power failure has occurred. When the discharge device 8 is an inverter, the control device 9 controls the discharge device 8 based on the output signal of the voltage sensor 2, and applies an AC voltage in phase with the AC voltage from the commercial AC power supply 1 to the load 10. Supply.

次に、この電力供給装置の動作について説明する。商用交流電源１から交流電力が供給される通常時は、充電装置３で生成された直流電力によって蓄電装置４が充電されるとともに放電装置８が駆動され、負荷１０に交流電力が供給される。この場合、充電装置３の出力と放電装置８の出力は一致し、蓄電装置４の電圧は一定に保持される。   Next, the operation of this power supply device will be described. During normal times when AC power is supplied from the commercial AC power source 1, the power storage device 4 is charged by the DC power generated by the charging device 3, the discharge device 8 is driven, and AC power is supplied to the load 10. In this case, the output of the charging device 3 and the output of the discharging device 8 match, and the voltage of the power storage device 4 is held constant.

また、負荷１０の消費電力が充電装置３の出力よりも大きくなった過負荷時は、不足分の電力は蓄電装置４から供給される。また、商用交流電源１からの交流電力の供給が停止された停電時は、充電装置３の運転が停止され、蓄電装置４から放電装置８に直流電力が供給される。したがって、停電時や過負荷時でも、蓄電装置４に直流電力が蓄えられている間は、負荷１０の運転を継続することができる。   In addition, when the load 10 consumes more power than the output of the charging device 3, the insufficient power is supplied from the power storage device 4. Further, when the supply of AC power from the commercial AC power supply 1 is stopped, the operation of the charging device 3 is stopped and DC power is supplied from the power storage device 4 to the discharging device 8. Therefore, the operation of the load 10 can be continued while the DC power is stored in the power storage device 4 even during a power failure or overload.

図３（ａ）〜（ｃ）は、低温時における電流供給装置の動作を示すタイムチャートである。特に、図３（ａ）は蓄電装置４の充電電流Ｉｃと放電電流Ｉｄを示すタイムチャートであり、図３（ｂ）は蓄電装置４に流れる電流Ｉｂ＝Ｉｃ−Ｉｄを示すタイムチャートであり、図３（ｃ）は蓄電装置４の出力電圧Ｖｂを示すタイムチャートである。   3A to 3C are time charts showing the operation of the current supply device at a low temperature. 3A is a time chart showing the charging current Ic and the discharging current Id of the power storage device 4, and FIG. 3B is a time chart showing the current Ib = Ic−Id flowing in the power storage device 4. FIG. 3C is a time chart showing the output voltage Vb of the power storage device 4.

蓄電装置４の温度が参照温度ＴＲよりも低下した場合、充電電流Ｉｃは、図３（ａ）に示すように矩形波状に変化し、所定の周期で交互に０ＡまたはＩｃ０になる。また、放電電流Ｉｄは、一定の電流Ｉｃ０／２となる。蓄電装置４の内部電流Ｉｂ＝Ｉｃ−Ｉｄは、図３（ｂ）に示すように矩形波状に変化し、所定の周期で交互に＋Ｉｃ０／２または−Ｉｃ０／２となる。   When the temperature of the power storage device 4 falls below the reference temperature TR, the charging current Ic changes in a rectangular wave shape as shown in FIG. 3A and alternately becomes 0A or Ic0 at a predetermined cycle. Further, the discharge current Id is a constant current Ic0 / 2. The internal current Ib = Ic−Id of the power storage device 4 changes in a rectangular wave shape as shown in FIG. 3B and alternately becomes + Ic0 / 2 or −Ic0 / 2 at a predetermined period.

これにより、蓄電装置４が発熱して蓄電装置４の温度が上昇し、蓄電装置４の内部抵抗値が低下し、容量値が増大する。また、蓄電装置４の出力電圧Ｖｂは、図３（ｃ）に示すように、充電電流ＩｃがＩｃ０である期間は徐々に上昇し、充電電流Ｉｃが０Ａである場合は徐々に下降する。   Thereby, the power storage device 4 generates heat, the temperature of the power storage device 4 rises, the internal resistance value of the power storage device 4 decreases, and the capacitance value increases. Further, as shown in FIG. 3C, the output voltage Vb of the power storage device 4 gradually increases while the charging current Ic is Ic0, and gradually decreases when the charging current Ic is 0A.

この実施の形態１では、低温時には蓄電装置４に交流電流を供給して蓄電装置４を発熱させる。したがって、低温時に蓄電装置４の蓄電能力が低下して電流供給能力が低下するのを防止することができる。   In the first embodiment, an alternating current is supplied to power storage device 4 to cause power storage device 4 to generate heat at a low temperature. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the power storage capability of power storage device 4 from decreasing at low temperatures and the current supply capability from decreasing.

なお、この実施の形態１では、蓄電装置４を電気二重層コンデンサ４ａで構成したが、これに限るものではなく、蓄電装置４を他のコンデンサで構成してもよい。また、図４に示すように、蓄電装置４をバッテリ４ｂで構成してもよい。この場合、バッテリ４ｂの正極は充電装置３の出力ノードに接続され、その負極は接地電圧ＧＮＤのラインに接続される。   In Embodiment 1, the power storage device 4 is configured by the electric double layer capacitor 4a. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the power storage device 4 may be configured by another capacitor. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the power storage device 4 may be configured by a battery 4b. In this case, the positive electrode of the battery 4b is connected to the output node of the charging device 3, and the negative electrode thereof is connected to the line of the ground voltage GND.

また、この実施の形態１では、図３（ａ）〜（ｃ）で示したように、一定振幅、一定周波数の交流電流Ｉｂを蓄電装置４に流したが、温度センサ５の検出結果に基づいて、交流電流Ｉｂの振幅、周波数を変えてもよい。すなわち、交流電流Ｉｂの振幅、周波数を大きくするほど蓄電装置４の温度上昇速度が大きくなる。   In the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, the AC current Ib having a constant amplitude and a constant frequency is supplied to the power storage device 4, but based on the detection result of the temperature sensor 5. Thus, the amplitude and frequency of the alternating current Ib may be changed. That is, as the amplitude and frequency of the alternating current Ib are increased, the temperature increase rate of the power storage device 4 is increased.

そこで、参照温度ＴＲと、温度センサ５によって検出した蓄電装置４の温度Ｔとの差ＴＲ−Ｔが大きいほど、交流電流Ｉｂの振幅、周波数を増大させる。これにより、蓄電装置４の温度Ｔを参照温度ＴＲに迅速に近付けることができる。また、ＴＲ−Ｔが小さいほど、交流電流Ｉｂの振幅、周波数を減少させる。これにより、蓄電装置４の温度Ｔが参照温度ＴＲよりも高くなり過ぎるのを防止することができる。   Therefore, the amplitude and frequency of the alternating current Ib are increased as the difference TR-T between the reference temperature TR and the temperature T of the power storage device 4 detected by the temperature sensor 5 is larger. Thereby, the temperature T of the power storage device 4 can be quickly brought close to the reference temperature TR. Further, the smaller the TR-T, the smaller the amplitude and frequency of the alternating current Ib. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the temperature T of the power storage device 4 from being excessively higher than the reference temperature TR.

なお、交流電流Ｉｂの周波数を調整せずに振幅のみを調整すると、図５（ａ）（ｂ）に示すように、蓄電装置４の端子間電圧の振幅がＶｂ０からＶｂ１に大きくなり、蓄電装置４が破壊される恐れがある。しかし、交流電流Ｉｂの周波数を高くすると、図５（ｂ）（ｃ）に示すように、蓄電装置４の端子間電圧の振幅をＶｂ１からＶｂ２に小さくすることができ、蓄電装置４が破壊されるのを防止することができる。   If only the amplitude is adjusted without adjusting the frequency of the alternating current Ib, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the amplitude of the voltage between the terminals of the power storage device 4 increases from Vb0 to Vb1, and the power storage device 4 may be destroyed. However, when the frequency of the alternating current Ib is increased, the amplitude of the voltage between the terminals of the power storage device 4 can be reduced from Vb1 to Vb2 as shown in FIGS. Can be prevented.

また、図６（ａ）（ｂ）において、Ｉｂ０は蓄電装置４が０℃のときに蓄電装置４に流す交流電流を示し、Ｉｂ１は蓄電装置４が−１０℃のときに蓄電装置４に流す交流電流を示している。また、Ｖｂ０は蓄電装置４にＩｂ０を流したときの蓄電装置４の端子間電圧Ｖｂ０を示し、Ｖｂ１は蓄電装置４にＩｂ１を流したときの蓄電装置４の端子間電圧Ｖｂ１を示している。ここで、−１０℃は、電力供給装置の使用条件における最低温度である。交流電流Ｉｂの周波数は、蓄電装置４の端子間電圧Ｖｂ１の振幅が規定範囲Ｖｍａｘ内になるように設定される。   6A and 6B, Ib0 indicates an alternating current that flows through the power storage device 4 when the power storage device 4 is at 0 ° C., and Ib1 flows through the power storage device 4 when the power storage device 4 is at −10 ° C. AC current is shown. Further, Vb0 represents the voltage Vb0 between the terminals of the power storage device 4 when Ib0 is passed through the power storage device 4, and Vb1 represents the voltage Vb1 between the terminals of the power storage device 4 when Ib1 is passed through the power storage device 4. Here, −10 ° C. is the minimum temperature in the use condition of the power supply apparatus. The frequency of AC current Ib is set so that the amplitude of terminal voltage Vb1 of power storage device 4 is within a specified range Vmax.

また、図７（ａ）（ｂ）に示すように、蓄電装置４の温度に応じて交流電流Ｉｂの値（振幅）を設定し、交流電圧Ｖｂが規定範囲Ｖｍａｘの上限値または下限値に到達するごとに、放電と充電を切換えてもよい。   7A and 7B, the value (amplitude) of the alternating current Ib is set according to the temperature of the power storage device 4, and the alternating voltage Vb reaches the upper limit value or the lower limit value of the specified range Vmax. You may switch between discharging and charging each time.

［実施の形態２］
図８は、この発明の実施の形態２による電力供給装置の構成を示す回路ブロック図であって、図１と対比される図である。図８を参照して、この電力供給装置が図１の電力供給装置と異なる点は、温度センサ５が除去されている点である。制御装置９は、蓄電装置４の充電および放電を停止させた後に、蓄電装置４から所定の電流を流出させ、そのときの蓄電装置４の端子間電圧Ｖｂの時間変化を検出し、その検出結果に基づいて、蓄電装置４の内部抵抗値Ｒおよび容量値Ｃを検出する。 [Embodiment 2]
FIG. 8 is a circuit block diagram showing the configuration of the power supply apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, and is a diagram compared with FIG. Referring to FIG. 8, this power supply device is different from the power supply device of FIG. 1 in that temperature sensor 5 is removed. After stopping charging and discharging of power storage device 4, control device 9 causes a predetermined current to flow out from power storage device 4, detects a temporal change in voltage Vb between terminals of power storage device 4 at that time, and the detection result Based on the above, the internal resistance value R and the capacitance value C of the power storage device 4 are detected.

すなわち蓄電装置４は、図９に示すように、コンデンサ１１と抵抗素子１２の直列接続体と等価である。また、放電装置８および負荷１０は、スイッチ１３および定電流源１４と等価であるものとする。図１０は、図９に示した蓄電装置４とスイッチ１３の間のノードの電圧Ｖｂの時間変化を示すタイムチャートである。図１０において、スイッチ１３がオフされているとき（時刻ｔ０）、電圧Ｖｂは一定である。時刻ｔ１において、スイッチ１３がオンされると、ＶｂがΔＶ１＝Ｒ×Ｉだけ低下する。ただし、Ｉは定電流源１４が流す定電流Ｉである。したがって、ΔＶ１の測定値から蓄電装置４の内部抵抗値Ｒ＝ΔＶ１／Ｉを求めることができる。   That is, the power storage device 4 is equivalent to a series connection body of a capacitor 11 and a resistance element 12 as shown in FIG. The discharge device 8 and the load 10 are equivalent to the switch 13 and the constant current source 14. FIG. 10 is a time chart showing the time change of the voltage Vb of the node between the power storage device 4 and the switch 13 shown in FIG. In FIG. 10, when the switch 13 is turned off (time t0), the voltage Vb is constant. When the switch 13 is turned on at time t1, Vb decreases by ΔV1 = R × I. However, I is the constant current I which the constant current source 14 flows. Therefore, the internal resistance value R = ΔV1 / I of power storage device 4 can be obtained from the measured value of ΔV1.

また、時刻ｔ１からｔ２の間にＶｂがΔＶ２だけ低下したものとする。時間ｔ２−ｔ１と、ΔＶ２と、電流Ｉから蓄電装置４の容量値Ｃ＝Ｉ（ｔ２−ｔ１）／ΔＶ２を求めることができる。温度低下に応じて、蓄電装置４の内部抵抗値Ｒが増大し、容量値Ｃが減少することが予め分かっている。   Further, it is assumed that Vb decreases by ΔV2 between time t1 and time t2. The capacity value C = I (t2-t1) / ΔV2 of the power storage device 4 can be obtained from the time t2-t1, ΔV2, and the current I. It is known in advance that the internal resistance value R of the power storage device 4 increases and the capacitance value C decreases as the temperature decreases.

制御装置９は、内部抵抗値Ｒの検出値が所定の参照抵抗値Ｒｒよりも大きい場合（あるいは、容量値Ｃが所定の参照容量値Ｃｒよりも小さい場合）、蓄電装置４に交流電流を流して蓄電装置４を発熱させる。   When the detected value of the internal resistance value R is larger than the predetermined reference resistance value Rr (or when the capacitance value C is smaller than the predetermined reference capacitance value Cr), the control device 9 sends an alternating current to the power storage device 4. The power storage device 4 is caused to generate heat.

この実施の形態２では、実施の形態１と同じ効果が得られる他、温度センサ５が不要となる。   In the second embodiment, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained, and the temperature sensor 5 is not necessary.

今回開示された実施の形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は上記した説明ではなくて特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。   The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

１ 商用交流電源、２，６ 電圧センサ、３ 充電装置、４ 蓄電装置、４ａ 電気二重層コンデンサ、４ｂ バッテリ、５ 温度センサ、７ 電流センサ、８ 放電装置、９ 制御装置、１０ 負荷、１１ コンデンサ、１２ 抵抗素子、１３ スイッチ、１４ 定電流源。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Commercial AC power supply, 2, 6 Voltage sensor, 3 Charging device, 4 Power storage device, 4a Electric double layer capacitor, 4b Battery, 5 Temperature sensor, 7 Current sensor, 8 Discharge device, 9 Control device, 10 Load, 11 Capacitor, 12 resistance elements, 13 switches, 14 constant current sources.

Claims (7)

電力を蓄える蓄電部と、
直流電流を供給して前記蓄電部を充電するとともに、交流電流を供給して前記蓄電部を発熱させる充電部と、
前記蓄電部の電力を負荷に供給する放電部と、
前記蓄電部の出力電圧を検出する電圧検出部と、
前記蓄電部またはその周辺の温度を検出する温度検出部とを備え、
前記充電部は、前記電圧検出部の検出値が予め定められた参照電圧になるように前記直流電流を前記蓄電部に供給し、前記温度検出部の検出値が前記予め定められた参照温度よりも低い場合は、さらに前記交流電流を前記蓄電部に供給し、前記交流電流を前記蓄電部に供給しても前記蓄電部の温度が前記予め定められた参照温度を越えない場合、異常が発生したことを報知する報知信号を出力する、電力供給装置。 A power storage unit for storing electric power;
A charging unit that supplies a direct current to charge the power storage unit and supplies an alternating current to generate heat in the power storage unit;
A discharge unit for supplying power of the power storage unit to a load ;
A voltage detection unit for detecting an output voltage of the power storage unit;
A temperature detection unit for detecting the temperature of the power storage unit or its surroundings ,
The charging unit supplies the direct current to the power storage unit so that a detection value of the voltage detection unit becomes a predetermined reference voltage, and a detection value of the temperature detection unit is determined based on the predetermined reference temperature. If the AC current is further supplied to the power storage unit and the temperature of the power storage unit does not exceed the predetermined reference temperature even if the AC current is supplied to the power storage unit, an abnormality occurs. you output a notification signal for notifying that the power supply device. 前記充電部は、前記温度検出部の検出値が前記予め定められた参照温度よりも低い場合、前記温度検出部の検出値に応じて、前記交流電流の振幅および周波数のうちの少なくともいずれか一方を制御して前記蓄電部の発熱量を制御する、請求項１に記載の電力供給装置。 When the detection value of the temperature detection unit is lower than the predetermined reference temperature, the charging unit has at least one of the amplitude and frequency of the alternating current according to the detection value of the temperature detection unit The power supply device according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of heat generated by the power storage unit is controlled by controlling the power. 電力を蓄える蓄電部と、
直流電流を供給して前記蓄電部を充電するとともに、交流電流を供給して前記蓄電部を発熱させる充電部と、
前記蓄電部の電力を負荷に供給する放電部と、
前記蓄電部の出力電圧を検出する電圧検出部と、
前記蓄電部の放電電流を検出する電流検出部と、
前記電圧検出部および前記電流検出部の検出結果に基づいて前記蓄電部の内部抵抗値を検出する抵抗検出部とを備え、
前記充電部は、前記電圧検出部の検出値が予め定められた参照電圧になるように前記直流電流を前記蓄電部に供給し、前記抵抗検出部の検出値が前記予め定められた参照抵抗値よりも高い場合は、さらに前記交流電流を前記蓄電部に供給し、前記交流電流を前記蓄電部に供給しても前記蓄電部の内部抵抗値が前記予め定められた参照抵抗値を越えない場合、異常が発生したことを報知する報知信号を出力する、電力供給装置。 A power storage unit for storing electric power;
A charging unit that supplies a direct current to charge the power storage unit and supplies an alternating current to generate heat in the power storage unit;
A discharge unit for supplying power of the power storage unit to a load;
A voltage detector for detecting an output voltage of the pre-Symbol power storage unit,
A current detection unit for detecting a discharge current of the power storage unit;
A resistance detection unit that detects an internal resistance value of the power storage unit based on detection results of the voltage detection unit and the current detection unit;
The charging unit supplies the direct current to the power storage unit so that the detection value of the voltage detection unit becomes a predetermined reference voltage, and the detection value of the resistance detection unit is the predetermined reference resistance value. In the case where the internal resistance value of the power storage unit does not exceed the predetermined reference resistance value even when the alternating current is supplied to the power storage unit and the alternating current is supplied to the power storage unit. , and it outputs a notification signal for notifying that an abnormality has occurred, power supply. 前記充電部は、前記抵抗検出部の検出値が前記予め定められた参照抵抗値よりも高い場合、前記抵抗検出部の検出値に応じて、前記交流電流の振幅および周波数のうちの少なくともいずれか一方を制御して前記蓄電部の発熱量を制御する、請求項３に記載の電力供給装置。 When the detection value of the resistance detection unit is higher than the predetermined reference resistance value, the charging unit is at least one of an amplitude and a frequency of the alternating current according to the detection value of the resistance detection unit The power supply apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein one of the power storage units is controlled to control a heat generation amount of the power storage unit. 電力を蓄える蓄電部と、
直流電流を供給して前記蓄電部を充電するとともに、交流電流を供給して前記蓄電部を発熱させる充電部と、
前記蓄電部の電力を負荷に供給する放電部と、
前記蓄電部の出力電圧を検出する電圧検出部と、
前記蓄電部の放電電流を検出する電流検出部と、
前記電圧検出部および前記電流検出部の検出結果に基づいて前記蓄電部の容量値を検出する容量検出部とを備え、
前記充電部は、前記電圧検出部の検出値が予め定められた参照電圧になるように前記直流電流を前記蓄電部に供給し、前記容量検出部の検出値が前記予め定められた参照容量値よりも低い場合は、さらに前記交流電流を前記蓄電部に供給する、電力供給装置。 A power storage unit for storing electric power;
A charging unit that supplies a direct current to charge the power storage unit and supplies an alternating current to generate heat in the power storage unit;
A discharge unit for supplying power of the power storage unit to a load;
A voltage detector for detecting an output voltage of the pre-Symbol power storage unit,
A current detection unit for detecting a discharge current of the power storage unit;
A capacitance detection unit that detects a capacitance value of the power storage unit based on detection results of the voltage detection unit and the current detection unit;
The charging unit supplies the direct current to the power storage unit so that a detection value of the voltage detection unit becomes a predetermined reference voltage, and a detection value of the capacity detection unit is the predetermined reference capacity value. If less than further supplies the alternating current to the power storage unit, power supply unit. 前記充電部は、前記容量検出部の検出値が前記予め定められた参照容量値よりも高い場合、前記容量検出部の検出値に応じて、前記交流電流の振幅および周波数のうちの少なくともいずれか一方を制御して前記蓄電部の発熱量を制御する、請求項５に記載の電力供給装置。 When the detection value of the capacity detection unit is higher than the predetermined reference capacity value, the charging unit is at least one of the amplitude and frequency of the alternating current according to the detection value of the capacity detection unit The power supply device according to claim 5 , wherein one of the power storage units is controlled to control a heat generation amount of the power storage unit. 前記充電部は、前記交流電流を前記蓄電部に供給しても前記蓄電部の容量値が前記予め定められた参照容量値を越えない場合、異常が発生したことを報知する報知信号を出力する、請求項５または請求項６に記載の電力供給装置。 The charging unit outputs a notification signal notifying that an abnormality has occurred if the capacity value of the power storage unit does not exceed the predetermined reference capacity value even when the alternating current is supplied to the power storage unit. The power supply device according to claim 5 or 6 .
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