JP5536057B2 - 植物油の基油への変換及び輸送燃料 - Google Patents
植物油の基油への変換及び輸送燃料 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明の実施形態は、基油及び輸送燃料(例えば、ディーゼル燃料)の製造の途中で、トリグリセリドを含有する生物由来の油を処理して、それらに含まれる不飽和脂肪酸(カルボン酸)成分のオリゴマー化及び脱酸素を起こすための方法(プロセス)及びシステムを指向する。そのような方法及びシステムにおける処理は、脂肪酸成分の少なくとも部分的オリゴマー化(例えば、二量化)を起こす。幾つかのそのような方法及びシステム(タイプ1)において、処理は最初の水素処理を通して進行するが、他のそのような方法及びシステム(タイプ2)においては、処理は異性化ステップを通して直接進行する。
ある用語及び語句は、この記載を通してそれらが最初に使用されたように定義されるが、一方この記載中で使用されるある他の用語は下で定義される。
(式中、x、y、及びzは、同一であっても異なっていてもよく、x、y、及びzにより定義される1つ又は複数の分岐は不飽和領域を有することができる)。
(式中、「R」は、一般に、飽和(アルキル)炭化水素鎖又はモノ若しくはポリ不飽和(アルケニル)炭化水素鎖であり、そのような不飽和は、前記鎖中の1つ又は複数の炭素−炭素二重結合(C=C)により提供される。)
を有するクラスの有機酸である。
前に図1を参照して言及したように、幾つかの実施形態において本発明は、基油及びディーゼル燃料を製造するための1つ又は複数の方法を指向し、該方法は、(ステップ101)トリグリセリドを含有する植物油に、水素処理及びそれに続く水除去を含む処理をして、その中に含まれる不飽和脂肪酸成分のオリゴマー化及び脱酸素を起こし、オリゴマー化した混合物を得るステップと、(ステップ102)オリゴマー化した混合物を異性化触媒で異性化して、基油成分及びディーゼル燃料成分を含み、炭素数が30以上のアルカンを少なくとも10重量%含む異性化した混合物を得るステップと、(ステップ103)異性化した混合物を蒸留して基油及びディーゼル燃料を得るステップとを含む。幾つかのそのような方法の実施形態においては、(ステップ104)基油を水素化仕上げして水素化仕上げした基油を得るステップがさらに(場合により)含まれる。
前の節で図2を参照して既に述べたように、幾つかの実施形態において、本発明は、トリグリセリドを含有する生物由来の油を処理する1つ又は複数のシステム(例えば、システム200)を指向し、そのようなシステム(200)は以下の構成要素を含む:トリグリセリドを含有する植物油に、水素処理(水素処理サブユニット201bによる)及びそれに続く水除去(ストリッパー201cによる)を含む処理をして、その中に含まれる不飽和脂肪酸成分のオリゴマー化及び脱酸素を起こし、それによりオリゴマー化した混合物を得るための処理サブシステム(201);オリゴマー化した混合物を異性化触媒で異性化して、基油成分及びディーゼル燃料成分を含み、炭素数が30以上のアルカンを少なくとも10重量%、典型的にはそのようなアルカンを20重量%、及びより典型的にはそのようなアルカンを30重量%含む異性化した混合物を得るための異性化ユニット(202);並びに異性化した混合物を蒸留して基油及びディーゼル燃料を得るための蒸留ユニット(203)。幾つかのそのような実施形態において、そのようなシステムは、基油を水素化仕上げするための水素化仕上げユニット(204)をさらに含む。
ここで図3を参照すると、幾つかの実施形態において、本発明は、基油及びディーゼル燃料を製造する1つ又は複数の方法を指向し、そのような方法は、(ステップ301)トリグリセリドを含有する植物油を処理して、その中に含まれる不飽和脂肪酸成分のオリゴマー化を起こし、オリゴマー化した混合物を得るステップと、(ステップ302)オリゴマー化した混合物を異性化触媒で異性化して、基油成分及びディーゼル燃料成分を含む異性化した混合物を得るステップと、(ステップ303)異性化した混合物から水をストリッピングにより除去して、炭素数が30以上のアルカンを少なくとも10重量%含む、乾燥し異性化した混合物を得るステップと、(ステップ304)乾燥し異性化した混合物をディーゼル燃料がそれに続いて得られる低沸点留分と、高沸点留分とに分離するステップと、(ステップ305)それに続いて高沸点留分の少なくとも一部を異性化して基油を得るステップとを含む。第3節に記載した方法と同様に、幾つかのそのような実施形態において、そのような方法は、基油を水素化仕上げして水素化仕上げした基油を得るステップをさらに含む。
ここで図4を参照すると、幾つかの実施形態において、本発明はトリグリセリドを含有する生物由来の油を処理する1つ又は複数のシステム(例えば、システム400)を指向し、そのようなシステムは以下の構成要素を含む:
(a)トリグリセリドを含有する植物油を処理してその中に含まれる不飽和脂肪酸成分のオリゴマー化を起こし、それによりオリゴマー化した混合物を得るための処理サブシステム(401);(b)オリゴマー化した混合物を異性化して、基油成分及びディーゼル燃料成分を含む異性化した混合物を得るための第1異性化ユニット(402);(c)異性化した混合物から水をストリッピングにより除去して、炭素数が30以上のアルカンを少なくとも10重量%含む乾燥し異性化した混合物を得るためのストリッパー(403);(d)乾燥し異性化した混合物を、ディーゼル燃料が続いて得られる低沸点留分と、高沸点留分とに分離するための分離ユニット(404);並びに(e)それに続いて高沸点留分を異性化して基油を得るための第2異性化ユニット(405)。幾つかのそのような実施形態において、そのようなシステムは、基油を水素化仕上げして水素化仕上げした基油を得るための水素化仕上げユニット(406)をさらに含む。
タイプ2の幾つかの方法において、水素化処理は最初の処理ステップというサブ工程であってよい。幾つかのそのような変法の実施形態は、タイプ1の方法に収束し始めることが可能である。同様な観察が対応するシステムに関してもなされ得る。
上で述べたことは、トリグリセリドを含有する生物由来の油を処理して輸送燃料及び基油の組合せを効率的に得る方法及びシステムの説明である。そのような方法及びシステムは、トリグリセリドを含有する生物由来の油中に含有されるカルボン酸成分の少なくとも部分的なオリゴマー化に基づく。そのような方法及びシステムは、それらが複数の製品ストリームを提供するので、経済的に有利である。
Claims (15)
- 基油及びディーゼル燃料を製造する方法であって、
a)飽和脂肪酸成分及び不飽和脂肪酸成分の両方を含む、トリグリセリドを含有する植物油を提供するステップ、
b)このトリグリセリドを含有する植物油を処理して、その中に含まれる飽和脂肪酸成分の脱酸素、並びにその中に含まれる不飽和脂肪酸成分のオリゴマー化及び脱酸素を起こし、オリゴマー成分を含むオリゴマー化した混合物を得るステップであって、この処理が水素処理及びそれに続く水除去を含むステップ、
c)オリゴマー化した混合物を異性化触媒で異性化して異性化した混合物を得るステップであって、この異性化した混合物が、(i)不飽和脂肪酸成分のオリゴマー化及び脱酸素に由来する基油成分、並びに(ii)飽和脂肪酸成分の脱酸素に由来するディーゼル燃料成分を含み、そして、この異性化した混合物が、異性化した混合物の基油成分に寄与しかつ30以上の炭素数を有するアルカンとしてのオリゴマーを少なくとも10重量%含むステップ、並びに、
d)異性化した混合物を蒸留して、基油及びディーゼル燃料を得るステップ
を含む上記方法。 - 基油を水素化仕上げするステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 処理のステップが、カノーラ、ダイズ、ナタネ、ヤシ、ピーナツ、ジャトロファ、藻類、及びそれらの組合せからなる群から選択される1種又は複数の生物由来の油を含む植物油中に含有されるトリグリセリドを加水分解して遊離脂肪酸を得る最初のサブステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- オリゴマー化した混合物が、ダイマー種を少なくとも50重量%含むオリゴマー成分を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- オリゴマー化が、時間的に、水素処理前、水素処理中、並びに水素処理前及び最中からなる群から選択される様式で起こり、オリゴマーの収率が分別結晶化技法による不飽和脂肪酸成分の濃度を増大させることにより高められる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 水素処理が、アルミナ又はSiO2−Al2O3から選択される支持体上のニッケル−モリブデンを含む触媒を利用する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 水素処理が、550°F(288℃)と800°F(427℃)との間の温度で実施され、400psig(2.76MPa(ゲージ圧))と2000psig(13.8MPa(ゲージ圧))との間のH2分圧下で実施される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 異性化触媒が、SAPO11、及びSAPO11支持体上に支持された貴金属の組み合わせである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 異性化ステップが550°F(288℃)と750°F(399℃)との間の温度で実施される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 異性化した混合物が、炭素数が30以上のアルカンを少なくとも20重量%含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ディーゼル燃料がC12からC18までのアルカンを少なくとも70重量%含み、ディーゼル燃料の流動点が−10℃未満である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 基油の流動点が−10℃未満であり、基油の粘度指数が120を超える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- a)飽和脂肪酸成分及び不飽和脂肪酸成分の両方を含む、トリグリセリドを含有する植物油を処理して、その中に含まれる飽和脂肪酸成分の脱酸素、並びにその中に含まれる不飽和脂肪酸成分のオリゴマー化及び脱酸素を起こし、オリゴマー成分を含むオリゴマー化した混合物を得るための処理サブシステムであって、この処理が水素処理及びそれに続く水除去を含む処理サブシステム、
b)オリゴマー化した混合物を異性化触媒上で異性化して異性化した混合物を得るための異性化ユニットであって、この異性化した混合物が、(i)不飽和脂肪酸成分のオリゴマー化及び脱酸素に由来する基油成分、並びに(ii)飽和脂肪酸成分の脱酸素に由来するディーゼル燃料成分を含み、そして、この異性化した混合物が、異性化した混合物の基油成分に寄与しかつ30以上の炭素数を有するアルカンとしてのオリゴマーを少なくとも10重量%含む異性化ユニット、並びに、
c)異性化した混合物を蒸留して基油及びディーゼル燃料を得るための蒸留ユニット
を含むシステム。 - 基油を水素化仕上げするための水素化仕上げユニットをさらに含む、請求項13に記載のシステム。
- 処理サブシステムが、植物油中に含有されるトリグリセリドを最初に加水分解して遊離脂肪酸を得るための加水分解反応器をさらに含む、請求項13に記載のシステム。
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CO6390005A2 (es) | 2012-02-29 |
MX2011000674A (es) | 2011-03-01 |
WO2010011737A2 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
RU2514918C2 (ru) | 2014-05-10 |
CA2729018A1 (en) | 2010-01-28 |
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EP2307522A4 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
RU2011106769A (ru) | 2012-08-27 |
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