JP5530888B2 - Drying equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a drying apparatus for drying a biomass material.

  In recent years, biomass fuels using biomass materials derived from organic substances such as plants have attracted attention as alternative fuels to fossil fuels such as heavy oil. Biomass fuels include biohydrogen and bioethanol that are obtained from a biomass material through chemical treatment in order to obtain combustion substances. Further, there are RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) formed by mixing waste plastics and solid fuel formed by substantially forming only biomass materials in order to directly burn biomass materials. As biomass materials used for such biomass fuel, woody materials such as sawdust, wood chips, thinned wood and pruned wood, agricultural materials such as rice straw, rice husks, weeds and bagasse, and waste such as construction waste There are system materials. In order to use these biomass materials for biomass fuel, it is necessary to dry them sufficiently to reduce the water content.

  In order to dry the biomass material, conventionally, for example, a rotary drying apparatus as disclosed in Patent Document 1 is used. This drying apparatus has a drying chamber in a cylindrical furnace that is horizontally placed and rotationally driven, and the material to be dried supplied from one end side of the drying chamber is stirred by the slow rotation of the drying chamber. It is moved to the other end side.

JP 2006-84024 A

  However, in the rotary type drying apparatus as in Patent Document 1, the drying object is dried by stirring at a relatively low speed in high-temperature air. Along with this, there is a problem that the residence time of the material to be dried in the drying chamber is long, and the dryness is not stable due to the difference in the amount of water contained in the material to be dried supplied into the drying chamber. Further, in an environment where the object to be dried is slowly moved into high-temperature air, the object to be dried with a small amount of water may be ignited. Moreover, since the to-be-dried material is a comparatively flexible biomass material of agricultural material, since it is comprised with a comparatively long flexible fiber, it is easy to become a lump with a entanglement of a component. The to-be-dried material that has become agglomerated has a problem that the inside is difficult to dry, and thus the degree of drying varies greatly, and handling is troublesome. Furthermore, the rotary type drying apparatus of Patent Document 1 has a problem that it takes time to take out the material to be dried when the operation is stopped, and the work efficiency is poor.

  In addition, depending on the heating burner that is attached to the drying chamber, it takes time from the start of operation until it stabilizes in the dry state. For this reason, once the operation is started, it is difficult to stop the burner and the operation continues for a relatively long time. There is a problem that there is a lot of wasted fuel consumption. Furthermore, since the rotary drying apparatus is configured to rotate the entire drying chamber, it is relatively easy to break down and the apparatus configuration is complicated.

  Therefore, the problem of the present invention is that the residence time of the material to be dried in the drying chamber is short, the material to be dried can be dried with a stable degree of drying, and there are few failures and the apparatus configuration is relatively simple, It aims at providing the drying apparatus suitable for drying of biomass material.

In order to achieve the above object, the drying device of the present invention is a drying device that dries while drying a material to be dried, which is a biomass material, with hot air in a drying chamber that also serves as a conveyance path,
Hot air generating means for generating hot air for drying the material to be dried and supplying from the upstream side of the drying chamber;
To-be-dried object supply means for supplying an object to be dried to the upstream side of the drying chamber;
Crushing means for crushing the material to be dried supplied by the material to be dried;
A cold air supply means that is arranged upstream of the crushing means and supplies cold air to the crushing means;
A bent passage that forms at least part of the drying chamber downstream of the crushing means;
Separation means for removing the material to be dried after passing through the bent passage while removing impurities;
A suction means that is disposed downstream of the bent passage and generates a suction force that causes a flow of air downstream of the bent passage;
Control for controlling the degree of drying of the object to be dried by adjusting the temperature and amount of hot air by the hot air generating means, the amount of cold air supplied by the cold air supplying means, and the amount of dried object supplied by the object to be dried supplying means It is characterized by providing a part.

  According to the above configuration, the temperature and amount of hot air generated by the hot air generating unit and the cold air supply by the cold air supplying unit are controlled by the control unit in a state where an air flow is formed by the suction unit in the bent passage that is a drying chamber. The amount and the dry matter supply amount by the dry matter supply means are adjusted to control the dryness of the dry matter. Thereby, even if the to-be-dried material which is biomass material with comparatively much moisture content has a short residence time of the to-be-dried material in a drying chamber, it can be dried to the stable dryness. Even when the inside of the bent passage is at a relatively high temperature, the risk of ignition of the object to be dried can be reduced by making the flow of air in the bent passage by the suction means relatively high. In addition, since the movable part present in the passage of the material to be dried is substantially only the crushing means, there are fewer failures and the structure of the apparatus is simpler than that of a conventional rotary drying apparatus in which the entire drying chamber rotates. Can be. In addition, after the material to be dried is crushed by the crushing means, it is supplied to the bent passage that forms the drying chamber. Can be dried. Therefore, the material to be dried, which is a biomass material, can be dried without variation, and handling of the material to be dried after drying can be facilitated. Furthermore, the air flow in the bent passage is formed by the suction means, and drying is performed while conveying the object to be dried by this air flow, so that when the operation is stopped, the object to be dried is quickly discharged to increase work efficiency. Can do.

  In the drying apparatus according to an embodiment, a swirl flow generating unit that generates a swirl flow with the flow of air is provided in the bent passage.

  According to the above embodiment, as hot air flows through the bent passage, the swirling flow generating means generates the hot air swirling flow, so that the conveying path of the object to be dried in the bent passage becomes swirling, and the object to be dried is formed. The staying time will be longer. Thereby, a to-be-dried object can fully be dried, without enlarging a bending channel | path.

  A drying apparatus according to an embodiment includes a moisture amount sensor that detects a moisture amount contained in the object to be dried before treatment, and according to the moisture amount detected by the moisture amount sensor, The temperature and amount, the cold air supply amount by the cold air supply means, and the dry matter supply amount by the dry matter supply means are adjusted.

  According to the above embodiment, the drying capacity can be finely adjusted according to the amount of moisture contained in the material to be dried before treatment. The drying capacity can be appropriately adjusted according to the moisture content of the dried product. As a result, the material to be dried can be stably dried to a predetermined degree of drying.

In the drying apparatus according to an embodiment, the hot air generating means is formed of a burner that generates hot air by burning biomass fuel in a combustion chamber.
Fuel supply means for supplying biomass fuel into the combustion chamber;
A blower that pumps the combustion air supplied into the combustion chamber;
A burner control unit for adjusting a temperature and an air volume of hot air generated by the burner by adjusting a fuel supply amount of the fuel supply unit and an air volume of the blower;

  According to the above embodiment, the hot air generating means is formed by a burner that generates hot air using biomass fuel, so that an object to be dried can be dried without consuming fossil fuel. Therefore, when the material to be dried is a biomass material for biomass fuel, consumption of fossil fuel in the production of biomass fuel can be prevented and carbon neutral can be realized. Also, by adjusting the fuel supply amount of the fuel supply means and the air flow rate of the blower, the temperature and air volume of the hot air generated by the burner can be finely adjusted, and therefore the drying capacity of the drying device can be finely adjusted. Can do.

In one embodiment of the drying apparatus, the burner is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the combustion chamber, and a cylindrical annular air chamber that internally forms a swirling flow of combustion air pumped from a blower;
A blow-out opening for blowing combustion air from the air chamber into the combustion chamber in a swirling manner.

  According to the above embodiment, the swirling flow of the combustion air pumped from the blower is formed inside the air chamber, and the combustion air is blown into the combustion chamber in a swirl manner from the outlet, so that the combustion gas is injected into the combustion chamber. A swirling flow is formed. Thereby, sufficient oxygen can be supplied in a combustion chamber and biomass fuel can be burned completely. In this way, the combustion gas generated by the complete combustion of biomass fuel is generated as hot air, so hot air with less ash and unburned components can be supplied to the drying chamber, thus preventing contamination of the ash component into the material to be dried. In addition, ignition of an object to be dried due to unburned components can be prevented.

  In the drying apparatus according to an embodiment, the material to be dried is a biomass material including any of a woody material, an agricultural material, and a waste material.

  According to the said embodiment, the biomass material containing either woody material, agricultural material, and waste material can be dried to the stable dryness, without making it ignite. In particular, woody materials and agricultural materials having a relatively high water content can be effectively dried. In addition, agricultural materials that tend to be lumped due to the constituent elements can be crushed and dispersed, and the dried material can be easily handled after drying. Here, examples of wood-based materials include sawdust, wood chips, thinned wood, and pruned wood, and examples of agricultural materials include rice straw, rice husk, weeds, bagasse, palm palm residue, and rubber tree residue. In addition, examples of the waste material include construction waste materials.

  In the drying apparatus of one embodiment, a dried material to be dried is used as a biomass fuel burned by the burner of the hot air generating means.

  According to the said embodiment, by drying the to-be-dried thing as biomass fuel with the burner of a hot air production | generation means, a to-be-dried thing is dried without consuming fossil fuel, and carbon neutral is realizable. In addition, the efficiency of the production and transportation of biomass fuel can be improved and the resources can be reused efficiently by combusting and recycling the material to be dried for drying of the new material to be dried. .

It is a front view which shows a part of drying apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the other part of the drying apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of a burner. It is a cross-sectional view of the cage mill included in the drying device. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a cage mill. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows a turning member. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows a rectifying member. It is a block diagram which shows the component regarding control of the dryness of a to-be-dried material.

  Hereinafter, a drying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  1A and 1B are front views showing a schematic configuration of a drying apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The drying apparatus 1 is an apparatus for drying an object to be dried that can be a material for biomass fuel. The drying apparatus 1 is a burner 10 as hot air generating means for supplying hot air from the upstream side of the drying chamber, and an object to be charged into the drying chamber. A cage mill 20 as a crusher that crushes and disperses the dried material, a bent passage 30 that is connected to the downstream side of the cage mill 20 to define a drying chamber, and an object to be dried after passing through the bent passage 30 is separated. And a suction fan 50 that is disposed on the downstream side of the cyclone 40 and generates a suction force for sucking the material to be dried in the bent passage 30 to the downstream side.

  Further, in the drying apparatus 1, as a configuration attached to the burner 10, a fuel silo 11 that stores combustion fuel supplied to the burner 10 and a fuel discharge screw conveyor 11 a that discharges fuel from the fuel silo 11 are disposed. Yes. The fuel discharge screw conveyor 11a is connected to a fuel supply screw conveyor 12 for supplying a fixed amount of fuel to the lower portion of the burner 10 via a rotary valve 11b. The fuel supply screw conveyor 12 is driven by a screw motor 85 (see FIG. 7), and the rotation speed of the screw motor 85 is controlled to change the conveying speed of the fuel supply screw conveyor 12, thereby burning the burner 10. The amount of fuel supplied to the chamber can be controlled. Further, the burner 10 is provided with a blower 13 for supplying combustion air into the burner 10.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the burner 10. This burner 10 burns biomass fuel by a swirling flow of combustion air in cylindrical combustion chambers B1 and B2, and generates hot air. As the biomass fuel used for the burner 10, woody fuel made from thinned wood, wood chips, or the like, or RPF or RDF made from general waste such as paper or waste plastic can be used. Moreover, you may utilize the to-be-dried material dried with the drying apparatus 1 which concerns on this embodiment as a fuel.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the burner 10 includes cylindrical first combustion chamber B1 and second combustion chamber B2, and cylindrical annular first air chamber R1 and second air chamber R2. An annular bottom air chamber R3 and a heated air chamber R4 are sequentially provided below the first combustion chamber B1. A tubular fuel supply pipe 128 whose diameter is increased upward is provided on the radially inner side of the bottom air chamber R3 and the heated air chamber R4. The lower end of the fuel supply pipe 128 is connected to the screw conveyor 12.

  The first combustion chamber B1 and the second combustion chamber B2 are formed by a lower portion and an upper portion in the cylindrical inner wall 121, and the upper portion of the first combustion chamber B1 and the lower portion of the second combustion chamber B2 are connected. , Has a cylindrical shape as a whole. An upper end portion of the fuel supply pipe 128 protrudes from the bottom surface of the first combustion chamber B1, and a scallop-shaped fuel support 129 is disposed so as to surround the fuel supply pipe 128. The inner wall 121 has a first air inlet 216 for introducing combustion air from the first air chamber R1 to the first combustion chamber B1, and a second air for introducing combustion air from the second air chamber R2 to the second combustion chamber B2. An inlet 218 is provided. The first combustion chamber B1 communicates with an inspection window 113 that opens slightly upward from the upper end of the fuel support 129. When the burner 10 is operating, the inspection window 113 is closed by a lid 114. The first combustion chamber B1 communicates with the tip of an ignition part 127 that ignites fuel when the burner 10 is started. A hot air discharge pipe 115 for discharging hot air is connected to the upper part of the second combustion chamber B2.

  In the first air chamber R1 and the second air chamber R2, a cylindrical annular space formed between the inner wall 121 and the cylindrical outer wall 122 whose central axis coincides with the inner wall 121 is an annular partition wall 111. It is divided into upper and lower parts. The first air introduction port 116 is formed in the lower part of the inner wall 121, and a plurality of through holes 117 are formed in a row in the circumferential direction and arranged in a plurality of stages in the axial direction. The first air inlet 116 is formed at a position slightly higher than the upper end of the fuel supply pipe 128. The second air introduction port 118 is formed in the upper part of the inner wall 121, and, like the first air introduction port 116, a plurality of through holes 119 are formed continuously in the circumferential direction and arranged in a plurality of stages in the axial direction. The first air introduction port 116 and the second air introduction port 118 may be formed by attaching nozzles, rectifying members, and the like to the through holes 117 and 119. Moreover, the shape of the through holes 117 and 119 can be set to various shapes such as an ellipse, a slit, and a rectangle in addition to a circle.

  A first air introduction pipe 221 that extends in the tangential direction of the outer wall 122 and introduces combustion air is connected to the upper part of the first air chamber R1, and the tangential direction of the outer wall 122 is connected to the upper part of the second air chamber R2. The second air introduction pipe 222 is connected to the combustion air. By introducing combustion air in the tangential direction from the first air introduction pipe 221 into the first air chamber R1, the combustion air flows downward in a swirling manner in the first air chamber R1. The combustion air that has reached the lower portion of the first air chamber R1 is supplied from the first air introduction path 116 into the first combustion chamber B1 in a direction inclined with respect to the radial direction, and the combustion air is supplied to the first combustion chamber B1. A swirling flow is formed. In addition, the combustion air is introduced from the second air introduction pipe 222 into the second air chamber R2 in the tangential direction, so that the combustion air flows downward in a swirling manner in the second air chamber R2. The combustion air that has reached the lower portion of the second air chamber R2 is supplied from the second air introduction path 118 into the second combustion chamber B2 in a direction inclined with respect to the radial direction, and the combustion air is supplied to the second combustion chamber B2. A swirl flow is formed. On the outer diameter side of the first combustion chamber B1 and the second combustion chamber B2, a swirling flow of the combustion air introduced from the first and second air introduction passages 116 and 118 is formed in the downward direction, and the fuel supply pipe 128 The fuel discharged from the upper end opening 184 and the side opening 183 is burned. The combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel forms a swirling flow that rises toward the inner diameter side of the first combustion chamber B1 and the second combustion chamber B2, and is discharged from the hot air discharge pipe 115 as hot air. Combustion air is supplied to the first and second air introduction pipes 221 and 222 by the blower 13.

  The bottom air chamber R3 is formed in a cylindrical casing 124 fixed to the lower surface of the bottom plate 110 that defines the bottom surface of the first combustion chamber B1, and fuel is supplied to a through hole provided in the bottom plate of the casing 124. The tube 128 is fixed in a penetrating state. The casing 124 of the bottom air chamber R <b> 3 is arranged so that the central axis coincides with the central axis of the inner wall 121. A mixed gas of air and combustion exhaust gas whose mixing ratio is adjusted based on a predetermined standard is supplied to the bottom air chamber R3 via the mixed gas supply pipe 141, and a swirling flow of the mixed gas is formed. This mixed gas passes through the air introduction path 110a of the bottom plate 110 and the through hole 129a of the fuel support 129, and is swirled above the fuel support 129 of the first combustion chamber B1. Thereby, combustion air is directly supplied to the fuel discharged from the side opening 183 of the fuel supply pipe 128 and held above the fuel support 129, and the combustion exhaust gas mixed in the mixed gas is reburned.

  The heated air chamber R4 is formed in a cylindrical casing 125 fixed to the lower surface of the bottom plate of the casing 124 of the bottom air chamber R3, and a fuel supply pipe 128 is inserted into a through hole formed in the bottom plate of the casing 125. It is fixed in a penetrating state. The casing 125 of the heating air chamber R4 is arranged so that the central axis thereof coincides with the central axis of the casing 124 of the bottom air chamber R3. The combustion exhaust gas of the burner 10 is supplied to the heated air chamber R4 via the exhaust gas supply pipe 151, and a swirling flow of the combustion exhaust gas is formed. The swirling flow of the combustion exhaust gas is supplied into the fuel supply pipe 28 through the exhaust gas inlet 181 formed by a plurality of through holes 182, 182,... Provided in the peripheral surface of the fuel supply pipe 28. The biomass fuel supplied to the first combustion chamber B1 through the fuel supply pipe 128 is preheated by the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas.

  The fuel supply screw conveyor 12 for supplying the fuel transferred from the fuel silo 11 to the first combustion chamber B1 includes a transfer screw 201 in a section between the inflow portion from the rotary valve 11b and the lower end of the fuel supply pipe 128, A tip screw 202 on the tip side of the fuel supply pipe 128 is formed in a winding opposite to each other. The rotation of the screw motor 85 causes the conveying screw 201 to convey fuel in the forward direction from the rotary valve 11b side to the fuel supply pipe 128 side, and the tip screw 202 moves from the tip of the screw conveyor 12 toward the fuel supply pipe 128 side. By returning the fuel in the opposite direction, the fuel is pushed up to the fuel supply pipe 128 connected above the switching position between the conveying screw 201 and the tip screw 202.

  The temperature and amount of hot air generated by the burner 10 are controlled by adjusting the amount of fuel supplied by the fuel supply screw conveyor 12 and the amount of combustion air supplied by the blower 13 by a control panel 80 described later. It has become.

  By controlling the burner 10 with the control panel 80, a stable combustion state can be ensured even when a biomass fuel having a large dimensional variation and a large water content variation is employed as the combustion fuel. Can be supplied stably.

  Further, the burner 10 causes the combustion air to flow in a swirling manner into the first air chamber R1 and the second air chamber R2, and then the first and second combustion chambers B1 from the first and second air introduction paths 116, 118. , B2 is supplied in a direction inclined with respect to the radial direction, and a swirling flow of combustion gas is formed in the first and second combustion chambers B1, B2. Therefore, a sufficient amount of oxygen can be supplied and mixed in the first and second combustion chambers B1 and B2, and thus the biomass fuel can be completely burned. Therefore, the ash component contained in the hot air produced by discharging the combustion gas from the hot air discharge pipe 115 can be reduced, and the unburned component contained in the hot air can be reduced. As a result, the ash component can be prevented from being mixed into the material to be dried by hot air, and the material to be dried can be prevented from being ignited by unburned components.

  The hot air generating means is not limited to the burner 10, and any hot air generating device can be used as long as it can stably supply high-temperature hot air sufficiently to dry the material to be dried in the drying device 1. May be.

  As shown in FIG. 1A, in this embodiment, a cold air intake 15 for taking in cold air (here, outside air) is provided in the fluid passage 14 on the upstream side of the cage mill 20. In addition, in order to adjust the amount of cold air taken in from the cold air inlet 15, an opening adjustment valve 16 is provided that can be adjusted by opening the valve motor 84 (see FIG. 7). ing. Here, in order to control the final dryness of the material to be dried, the valve opening of the opening adjustment valve 16 is adjusted according to the type of the material to be dried and the amount of water contained therein, and the amount of cold air taken in Has been adjusted. The cold air taken in from the cold air inlet 15 is mixed with hot air from the burner 10 and supplied to the cage mill 20.

  In addition, an object to be dried silo 18 that stores the object to be dried and is supplied to the vicinity of the upstream side of the cage mill 20 is disposed. The to-be-dried silo 18 includes a to-be-dried object supply screw conveyor 18a driven by a screw motor 86 (see FIG. 7). Thus, the supply amount of the object to be dried can be controlled. The material to be dried conveyed by the screw conveyor 18 a is guided to the supply duct 61 through the rotary valve 60. The supply duct 61 is installed so that the tip end thereof penetrates into the fluid passage 14 and supplies the material to be dried from the opening at the tip to the connection portion between the terminal end of the fluid passage 14 and the supply port 21 of the cage mill 20. Has been.

  In addition, a to-be-dried material is grind | pulverized so that it may become a particle size of 3-5 millimeters by a predetermined grinder as a process before storing in the to-be-dried material silo 18. FIG. As dry matter, biomass materials, woody materials such as sawdust, wood chips, thinned wood and pruned wood, agricultural materials such as rice straw, rice husks, weeds, bagasse, palm palm residue, rubber tree residue, Waste materials such as construction waste can be used.

  The material to be dried supplied to the upstream side of the cage mill 20 is sent into the cage mill 20 together with hot air supplied from the burner 10 and cold air taken in from the cold air intake port 15. 3 and 4 are a transverse sectional view and a longitudinal sectional view of the cage mill 20, respectively. 3 and 4, the casing 24 through which the fluid containing the material to be dried passes is viewed in cross section. The cage mill 20 crushes and disperses the material to be dried supplied with hot air in the horizontal direction through the supply port 21 as indicated by the arrow F1, and sends it vertically upward through the discharge port 22 as indicated by the arrow F2.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the cage mill 20 includes a rotating disk 23 fixed to a drive shaft 25 that extends in the front-rear direction (left-right direction in FIG. 4) in order to crush the material to be dried. 21 is supported so as to face the front plate 24a of the casing 24 in which the casing 21 is formed. A plurality of rotating pins P1 and P2 are fixed to the turntable 23 toward the front plate 24a, while a plurality of fixing pins P3 are fixed to the turntable 23 on the front plate 24a. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the inner peripheral rotation pin P1, the fixed pin P3, and the outer peripheral rotation pin P2 are concentric circles having different diameters on a plane perpendicular to the drive shaft 25 (a plane parallel to the paper surface). On C1, C2, C3, it arrange | positions at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. With such a pin arrangement, as shown in FIG. 4, when the drive shaft 25 is driven, the pins P1 to P3 do not interfere with each other, and the rotation pins P1 and P2 are respectively located inside and outside the fixed pin P3. Pass to approach.

  Further, in this cage mill 20, a plurality of blades W are arranged at equal angles around the drive shaft 25, and these blades W have a shape that increases in diameter from the tip of the drive shaft 25 toward the rotating disk 23. have. When the drive shaft 25 is driven, these blades W rotate together with the rotating disk 23 and the drive shaft 25 to generate a flow of sucking air from the supply port 21 of the front plate 24a of the casing 24 and blowing it outward in the radial direction.

  The cage mill 20 has a motor M that rotationally drives the turntable 23, and the driving force of the motor M is transmitted to the drive shaft 25 via the drive side pulley 27, the belt 28, and the driven side pulley 29.

  In the cage mill 20 having the above-described configuration, the object to be dried supplied to the vicinity of the center of the rotating disk 24 through the supply port 21 is first moved radially outward by the air flow by the blades W and then relatively rotated pins. It is crushed by P1 to P3 to be in a dispersed state and sent to the bending passageway 30. Thus, by crushing and dispersing the material to be dried by the cage mill 20, for example, the material to be dried having a large amount of water can be dried more efficiently in the subsequent bent passage 30.

  In order from the upstream side, the bent passage 30 is connected to the first vertical pipe 30a that communicates with the discharge port 22 of the cage mill 20 and extends vertically upward, and the upper end of the first vertical pipe 30a. The first bent tube 30b to be folded back, connected to the downstream end of the first bent tube 30b, connected to the second vertical tube 30c extending vertically downward, and to the lower end of the second vertical tube 30c. A second bent tube 30d that is folded vertically upward, a third vertical tube 30e that is connected to the downstream end of the second bent tube 30d and extends vertically upward, and an upper end of the third vertical tube 30e. A third bending tube 30f that is connected to the portion and is bent in the horizontal direction, and a horizontal tube 30g that is connected to the downstream end of the third bending tube 30f and extends to the cyclone 40 in the horizontal direction. Thus, the bent passage is formed by a combination of a straight pipeline and a curved pipeline. Each of the tubes 30a to 30g constituting the bent passage 30 is provided with a heat insulating material for heat insulation.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1A, air flows in each of the vertical tubes 30a and 30c in the vicinity of the upstream end of the first vertical tube 30a and in the vicinity of the upstream end of the second vertical tube 30c. Accordingly, turning members 31 and 32 are provided as swirl flow generating means for generating swirl flows D1 and D2. The diverting members 31 and 32 are formed by fixed blades fixed to the inner side surfaces of the circular straight tubes 30a and 30c. FIG. 5 shows a turning member 31 provided in the first circular straight pipe 30a. The direction changing member 32 provided in the second straight pipe 30c is also formed in the same manner as the direction changing member 32 of FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the diverting member 31 is formed by fixing a plurality of fixed blades 31a radially between a central shaft 31c and a coaxial fixed cylinder 31b surrounding the outer peripheral side of the central shaft 31c. Has been. The fixed wing 31a is fixed to the central shaft 31c at an inclination angle of 8 to 30 ° with respect to the axial direction. The inclination angle of the fixed blade 31a is preferably 15 to 20 °. The fixed cylinder 31b is fixed to the circular straight pipe 30a with a bolt in a state where the outer peripheral surface is fitted to the inner peripheral surface of the first straight straight pipe 30a. When the hot air in the straight pipes 30a and 30c passes through the fixed cylinder 31b, the hot air receives a turning force around the central axis 31c from the fixed blade 31a and turns into a swirling flow. It is formed so as to form a swirling flow of hot air. Due to the swirl flow generated by the deflecting members 31 and 32, the air flow in the bent passage 30 and the stay time of the object to be dried are lengthened, and the object to be dried is sufficiently dried. It is preferable to provide a straightening member 33 as shown in FIG. 6 on the downstream side of the installation position of the deflecting members 31 and 32 of each of the straight pipes 30a and 30c. The rectifying member 33 is formed of a spiral plate-like body, and the end face on the outer peripheral side of the spiral plate-like body is fixed to the inner peripheral surfaces of the circular straight tubes 30a and 30c. The spiral rectifying member 33 is curved in the same circumferential direction as the swirling flow formed by the deflecting members 31 and 32. By this rectifying member 33, the swirling flow formed by the deflecting members 31, 32 can be rectified to stabilize the swirling flow in the bent passage 30.

  The cyclone 40 removes impurities such as dust from the dried material that has passed through the bent passage 30 and discharges it from the discharge port 41. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1B, a rotary valve 42 is disposed in the vicinity of the discharge port 41 of the cyclone 40, and the rotary valve 42 is driven to open and close to dry the material to be dried from the discharge port 41. Start or stop discharging. In the present embodiment, a screw conveyor 43 is disposed vertically below the discharge port 41, and when the rotary valve 42 is in an open state, the screw conveyor 43 is driven to be dried discharged from the rotary valve 42. Unload items.

  Impurities such as dust removed by the cyclone 40 reach the suction fan 50 through the discharge pipe 51 extending further downstream from the cyclone 40, and then are sent from the suction fan 50 to a dust collector (not shown) through the transport pipe 52.

  The suction fan 50 generates an air flow toward the downstream side in the bent passage 30. Due to this air flow, the material to be dried in the bent passage 30 is moved to the downstream side, and the burner 10 is moved from the upstream side. It is made to dry with the hot air supplied by. The suction force by the suction fan 50 is set, for example, such that the wind speed in the bent passage 30 is equal to or higher than the speed obtained by adding 1 meter per second to the settling speed of the material to be dried. As an example, when the object to be dried is sawdust, it is set to be 9 meters or more per second.

  In the present embodiment, the suction fan 50 is disposed on the downstream side of the cyclone 40. In this case, since suction is performed at a place where the air flow is low, deterioration of the suction fan 40 can be reduced. However, without being limited thereto, the suction fan 50 can generate, for example, an air flow that moves the material to be dried in the bent passage 30 to the downstream side, for example, between the horizontal tube 30g of the bent passage 30 and the cyclone 40. , It may be disposed at any place. Here, in the case where the suction fan 50 is disposed on the upstream side of the cyclone 40, the deterioration of the fan is quicker than that in the case where the suction fan 50 is disposed on the downstream side of the cyclone 40. It is preferable to employ a replaceable plate fan.

  FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a control panel 80 as a control unit provided in the drying apparatus 1 and an apparatus whose operation is controlled by the control panel 80 in order to control the degree of drying of the object to be dried. The control panel 80 includes a temperature sensor 81 for detecting temperatures of various elements in the drying device 1, a moisture amount sensor 82 for detecting the amount of moisture (that is, the degree of drying) of an object to be dried, and an operator to the drying device 1. An input device 83 that can input various set values, a valve motor 84 that drives the opening adjustment valve 16, a screw motor 85 that drives a screw conveyor 12 for supplying fuel to the burner 10, and an object to be dried A screw motor 86 that drives the screw conveyor 18a for supply is connected.

  The temperature sensor 81 detects, for example, the temperature of hot air supplied from the burner 10, the temperature of air near the discharge port 41 of the cyclone 40, and the temperature of an object to be dried. The moisture sensor 82 detects the moisture content of the material to be dried before and after the treatment. The control panel 80 may be connected to a display device that displays various input values and output values in the drying device 1 so as to be visible.

  The control panel 80 has target values relating to various temperatures and moisture amounts that are set in advance or newly set by an operator according to various values input from the temperature sensor 81, the moisture amount sensor 82, and the input device 83. The valve motor 84 and the screw motors 85 and 86 are adjusted so as to be obtained. As an example, in the control panel 80, the temperature of hot air supplied from the burner 10 is about 500 ° C., the temperature of air near the discharge port 41 of the cyclone 40 is about 80 ° C., and the temperature of the object to be dried after processing is about The valve motor 84 and the screw motors 85 and 86 are adjusted so that the moisture content of the to-be-dried material after treatment is 60 ° C. and 7 to 10%. By controlling the control panel 80 as described above, the target temperature and moisture content (dryness) can be stably secured.

  Without being limited thereto, the control panel 80 may be configured such that the operator can manually adjust the valve motor 84 and the screw motors 85 and 86 according to various values.

  As described above, according to the drying apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the residence time of the object to be dried in the bent passage 30 is short, and the object to be dried can be dried with a stable degree of drying. As a result, it is possible to process a large amount of an object to be dried. In addition, even when the inside of the bent passage 30 becomes relatively high temperature (for example, about 500 ° C.), the object to be dried may ignite by forming a relatively high-speed air flow in the bent passage by the suction fan 50. Can be prevented. Further, since the movable part of the passage of the object to be dried is only the cage mill, the failure can be reduced as compared with the conventional rotary drying apparatus in which the entire drying chamber rotates. Furthermore, even when a block-shaped object to be dried is added, the object to be dried can be dispersed and dried without variation, and can be discharged in a state where it is easy to handle.

  Moreover, since the drying apparatus 1 of this embodiment flows and dries to-be-dried material with the hot air produced | generated by the burner 10 to the bending channel | path 30 which is a drying chamber, it is from a start of an operation rather than a rotary type drying apparatus. Time until it stabilizes in a dry state can be shortened. Therefore, the operation can be performed intermittently, and it is not necessary to continue the operation for a long time unlike the rotary type drying apparatus, so that wasteful consumption of fuel can be prevented.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Drying apparatus 10 Burner 11 Fuel silo 12 Fuel supply screw conveyor 15 Cold air intake 16 Opening adjustment valve 18 Dry material silo 18a Dry material supply screw conveyor 20 Cage mill 30 Bending passage 30a First vertical pipe 30c 2nd Vertical pipes 31 and 32 Diverting member 40 Cyclone 50 Suction fan 81 Temperature sensor 82 Water content sensor 83 Input device 84 Cold air intake valve motor 85 Fuel supply screw motor 86 Dry matter supply screw motor D1, D2 Swirling flow

Claims (7)

A drying device for drying a material to be dried, which is a biomass material, while transporting it with hot air in a drying chamber also serving as a conveyance path,
Hot air generating means for generating hot air for drying the material to be dried and supplying from the upstream side of the drying chamber;
To-be-dried object supply means for supplying an object to be dried to the upstream side of the drying chamber;
Crushing means for crushing the material to be dried supplied by the material to be dried;
A cold air supply means that is arranged upstream of the crushing means and supplies cold air to the crushing means;
A bent passage that forms at least part of the drying chamber downstream of the crushing means;
Separation means for removing the material to be dried after passing through the bent passage while removing impurities;
A suction means that is disposed downstream of the bent passage and generates a suction force that causes a flow of air downstream of the bent passage;
Control for controlling the degree of drying of the object to be dried by adjusting the temperature and amount of hot air by the hot air generating means, the amount of cold air supplied by the cold air supplying means, and the amount of dried object supplied by the object to be dried supplying means And a drying device. The drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
A drying apparatus characterized in that a swirl flow generating means for generating a swirl flow with the flow of air is provided in the bent passage. The drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
A moisture sensor for detecting the amount of moisture contained in the material to be dried before processing is provided, and the temperature and amount of hot air generated by the hot air generation means and the cold air supply according to the amount of moisture detected by the moisture sensor. The drying apparatus characterized by adjusting the amount of cold air supplied by the means and the amount of dry matter supplied by the dry matter supply means. The drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
The hot air generating means is formed of a burner that generates hot air by burning biomass fuel in a combustion chamber,
Fuel supply means for supplying biomass fuel into the combustion chamber;
A blower that pumps the combustion air supplied into the combustion chamber;
A drying apparatus comprising: a burner control unit that adjusts a temperature and an air volume of hot air generated by the burner by adjusting a fuel supply amount of the fuel supply means and an air volume of the blower. The drying apparatus according to claim 4, wherein
The burner is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the combustion chamber, and a cylindrical annular air chamber that forms a swirling flow of combustion air pumped from a blower inside,
A drying apparatus comprising: a blow-out port for blowing combustion air from the air chamber into the combustion chamber. The drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
The drying object is a biomass material including any one of a woody material, an agricultural material, and a waste material.   5. The drying apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a dried object to be dried is used as biomass fuel burned by a burner of the hot air generating means.

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