JP5528030B2 - How to collect shellfish seeds - Google Patents

How to collect shellfish seeds Download PDF

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JP5528030B2
JP5528030B2 JP2009198316A JP2009198316A JP5528030B2 JP 5528030 B2 JP5528030 B2 JP 5528030B2 JP 2009198316 A JP2009198316 A JP 2009198316A JP 2009198316 A JP2009198316 A JP 2009198316A JP 5528030 B2 JP5528030 B2 JP 5528030B2
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seedling
hydraulic composition
coating
seedlings
fine aggregate
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JP2011045330A (en
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高央 市村
豊之 窪川
雅文 斎藤
英輝 柳田
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Description

本発明は、貝類の種苗を効率良く採取する方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for efficiently collecting seedlings of shellfish.

牡蠣を養殖する方法としては、帆立貝の貝殻を採苗器とし、海中に浮遊している牡蠣の幼生を付着させ、これを適当な間隔でロープに括り付け、筏や延縄に吊すのが一般的である。この場合、牡蠣は採苗器を中心に密集して成長するため、牡蠣同士がくっついたり成長方向が制限され、形状が歪になってしまうものが殆どである。   As a method of cultivating oysters, it is common to use scallop shells as seedling devices, attach larvae of oysters floating in the sea, tie them on a rope at appropriate intervals, and hang them on a cocoon or a long line. It is. In this case, since oysters grow densely around the seedling device, most oysters stick to each other or the growth direction is limited, and the shape is distorted in most cases.

形状の良好な牡蠣を養殖するには、牡蠣が成長するための間隔を確保する必要があり、牡蠣の稚貝を採苗器から取り外して籠に入れたり、穴を開けてロープに吊り下げたりする方法が行われている。牡蠣を採苗器から取り外す時期としては、稚貝があまり大きくならないうちの方が、その後の影響も少ないが、小さい稚貝は付着力が強く、また、貝殻の強度が不十分であるため、剥がし取る際に破損して種苗採取の歩留まりが低下する場合があった。
このため、剥がし取りやすさを改善し、貝類の種苗を効率的に採取する方法として、採苗器を、セメントを主成分とする水硬性組成物のスラリーで被覆して用いる方法が検討されている(特許文献1、特許文献2)。
In order to cultivate oysters with good shape, it is necessary to secure an interval for the growth of oysters. Remove the oyster shells from the seedling device and place them in the cocoon, or make holes and hang them on the rope. The way to be done. As for the time to remove the oysters from the seedling device, the effect of the young oysters that are not so large is less, but the smaller oysters have strong adhesion and the strength of the shells is insufficient. In some cases, the yield of seedling collection was reduced due to breakage during peeling.
For this reason, as a method for improving ease of peeling and efficiently collecting seedlings of shellfish, a method for coating a seedling device with a slurry of a hydraulic composition mainly composed of cement has been studied. (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2).

しかし、この方法を用いた場合、採苗器の形状や水硬性組成物の粘性、コーティング作業状況などの要因によって、コーティング厚さが変動してしまう場合があり、コーティング厚さが薄くなると表面が滑らかになり、牡蠣ナイフ等の道具が引っかかりにくくなって種苗をうまく剥がし取れない場合があった。また、種苗採取の効率を高めるため、抑制期間が短い時期の小さな種苗を剥がし取ろうとした場合、コーティングの強度に比べて種苗の殻が十分な強度を持たないため、コーティングを剥がし取る力で種苗を破損してしまう場合が多く、小さい種苗をも容易に剥がし取る方法が求められていた。   However, when this method is used, the coating thickness may fluctuate depending on factors such as the shape of the seedling device, the viscosity of the hydraulic composition, and the coating work status. In some cases, the oyster knife and other tools were not easily caught and the seedlings could not be peeled off. In addition, in order to increase the efficiency of seed collection, when trying to peel off small seedlings with a short suppression period, the seedling shells do not have sufficient strength compared to the coating strength, so the seedlings can be peeled off with sufficient force. In many cases, there is a need for a method for easily peeling even small seedlings.

特開2008−206497号公報JP 2008-206497 A 特開2006−237036号公報JP 2006-237036 A

従って、本発明の目的は、採苗器から種苗を剥がし取る作業を容易にし、より小さな種苗を剥がし取る際にも破損することが少なく、効率的に種苗採取できる方法を提供することにある。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for facilitating the work of peeling off seedlings from a seedling device, and being able to collect seedlings efficiently with less damage even when peeling off smaller seedlings.

本発明者らは、斯かる実情に鑑み、種々検討した結果、セメントと軽量細骨材を含有する水硬性組成物で被覆した採苗器を用いれば、採苗器に付着した種苗を容易に剥がし取れることを見出し、本発明を完成した。   As a result of various investigations in view of such a situation, the present inventors can easily cultivate seedlings attached to a seedling device by using a seedling device coated with a hydraulic composition containing cement and a lightweight fine aggregate. The present invention was completed by finding that it can be peeled off.

すなわち、本発明は、垂下式で貝類の種苗を採取する方法において、セメント及び軽量の細骨材を含有する水硬性組成物で被覆した採苗器を用いることを特徴とする貝類の種苗採取方法を提供するものである。   That is, the present invention relates to a method for collecting shellfish seedlings using a seedling device coated with a hydraulic composition containing cement and a lightweight fine aggregate in a method of collecting seedlings of shellfish in a drooping manner. Is to provide.

本発明によれば、採苗器に付着した種苗を剥がし取る作業が容易になり、種苗採取の効率を高めることができる。また、より小さい種苗を剥がし取ることができ、得られた種苗を用いて形状の良い貝類の養殖が可能となり、牡蠣のカゴ養殖やシングルシード方式による養殖の生産性を向上させることができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the operation | work which peels off the seedling which adhered to the seedling device becomes easy, and the efficiency of seedling collection can be improved. In addition, smaller seedlings can be peeled off, and shellfish having a good shape can be cultivated by using the obtained seedlings, thereby improving productivity of oyster cage culturing and aquaculture by a single seed method.

本発明で用いる水硬性組成物は、セメント及び軽量の細骨材を含有するものである。
水硬性組成物に用いるセメントとしては、JISに規定されているセメントであればいずれのものでも良く、ポルトランドセメント類のほか、高炉セメント、フライアッシュセメント、スラグセメント、エコセメント、アルミナセメントなどを、1種又は2種以上を適当な割合で混合したものを用いることが可能である。特に、普通ポルトランドセメント又は早強ポルトランドセメントを用いるのが好ましい。これらセメントは、単独で用いることも可能であるが、石膏類、石灰石微粉末、各種スラグ微粉末、フライアッシュ、シリカフューム、ドロマイトなどの混和材を1種以上混合し、作業状況に応じて流動性や硬化物性を調整した水硬性組成物として用いるのが好ましい。
セメントは、水硬性組成物中に25〜70質量%、特に30〜60質量%含有されるのが好ましい。
The hydraulic composition used in the present invention contains cement and lightweight fine aggregate.
The cement used in the hydraulic composition may be any cement as long as it is stipulated in JIS. In addition to Portland cements, blast furnace cement, fly ash cement, slag cement, eco cement, alumina cement, etc. It is possible to use one or a mixture of two or more at an appropriate ratio. In particular, it is preferable to use ordinary Portland cement or early-strength Portland cement. These cements can be used singly, but one or more admixtures such as gypsum, limestone fine powder, various slag fine powders, fly ash, silica fume and dolomite are mixed and flowable depending on the working conditions. It is preferably used as a hydraulic composition with adjusted cured properties.
The cement is preferably contained in the hydraulic composition in an amount of 25 to 70% by mass, particularly 30 to 60% by mass.

水硬性組成物に用いる細骨材としては、軽量であることが必要であり、比重が1.8g/cm3以下、特に0.5〜1.65g/cm3であるのが好ましく、さらに浮遊率が45%以上、特に60%以上であるのが、スラリーを練り混ぜたときに細骨材の沈降が少なく、コーティングの際に細骨材粒子が採苗器表面に均一に付着しやすくなるので好ましい。
本発明において、比重は、JIS A1109「細骨材の密度及び吸水率試験方法」およびJIS A1134「構造用軽量細骨材の密度及び吸水率試験方法」に規定された方法により測定した値であり、浮遊率とは、細骨材を水に投入した際に表面に浮き上がる割合を容積%で示したものである。
具体的には、空隙が多いものが好ましく、例えば、パーライト、バーミキュライト等の天然に存在する軽量骨材や、頁岩、真珠岩、シラス等の鉱物を高温で焼成することにより発泡させた人工軽量骨材、フライアッシュを浮遊選別して得られる中空セラミックス粒子、木炭や竹炭を粉砕した粗粒分、有機系の合成樹脂からなる小粒径の粒状物などを使用することができる。
The fine aggregate used in the hydraulic composition is required to be light weight, a specific gravity of 1.8 g / cm 3 or less, is preferably from particular 0.5~1.65g / cm 3, further floating The rate is 45% or more, particularly 60% or more. When the slurry is mixed, there is little sedimentation of the fine aggregate, and the fine aggregate particles tend to adhere uniformly to the seedling device surface during coating. Therefore, it is preferable.
In the present invention, the specific gravity is a value measured by a method specified in JIS A1109 “Testing method for density and water absorption of fine aggregate” and JIS A1134 “Testing method for density and water absorption of lightweight fine aggregate for structure”. The floating rate is the volume percentage of the rate of floating on the surface when fine aggregate is poured into water.
Specifically, those having many voids are preferable. For example, naturally-occurring lightweight aggregates such as pearlite and vermiculite, and artificial lightweight bones that are foamed by firing minerals such as shale, pearlite, and shirasu at a high temperature. For example, hollow ceramic particles obtained by floating selection of wood, fly ash, coarse particles obtained by pulverizing charcoal or bamboo charcoal, and small particles made of organic synthetic resin can be used.

軽量の細骨材は、水硬性組成物中に5〜50質量%、特に10〜30質量%含有されるのが、採苗器に均一に塗布されやすいので好ましい。   It is preferable that the lightweight fine aggregate is contained in the hydraulic composition in an amount of 5 to 50% by mass, particularly 10 to 30% by mass because it is easily applied uniformly to a seedling device.

また、水硬性組成物には、スラリーの流動性や硬化性状を調整するための材料として、一般にセメント・コンクリート用として用いられている硬化促進剤、凝結遅延剤、収縮低減剤、AE剤、減水剤、高性能減水剤、流動化剤、増粘剤、消泡剤等の添加物を、スラリーのコーティング性状およびコーティングに付着した種苗の状態に影響を及ぼさない範囲で、1種又は2種以上併用して添加することもできる。
さらに、コーティングのひび割れや浮きを防止するために、所定の長さや撚り状態に調整した繊維の類、具体的には鋼繊維や、ビニロン、アクリル、ナイロン、アラミド、ポリプロピレン等を原料とした樹脂繊維、ガラス繊維などを、剥がし取り作業性を損なわない範囲で混合しても良い。
これらの材料は、その形態によって、予め水硬性組成物の粉体に混合しても良いし、練り混ぜ時に水に溶解もしくは分散させておいても良い。また、練り上がったスラリーの状態を確認した後、必要量を後からスラリーに添加して再び混練して用いることも可能である。
In addition, in the hydraulic composition, as a material for adjusting the fluidity and curability of the slurry, a hardening accelerator, a setting retarder, a shrinkage reducing agent, an AE agent, a water reducing agent generally used for cement and concrete are used. One or more additives such as additives, high-performance water reducing agents, fluidizers, thickeners, antifoaming agents, etc., as long as they do not affect the coating properties of the slurry and the state of seedlings attached to the coating It can also be added in combination.
In addition, in order to prevent cracking and lifting of the coating, the fibers adjusted to a predetermined length and twisted state, specifically steel fibers, resin fibers made from vinylon, acrylic, nylon, aramid, polypropylene, etc. Glass fiber or the like may be mixed within a range that does not impair the workability.
Depending on the form, these materials may be mixed in advance with the powder of the hydraulic composition, or may be dissolved or dispersed in water at the time of kneading. Further, after confirming the state of the kneaded slurry, a necessary amount can be added to the slurry later and kneaded again.

このような水硬性組成物は、スラリーにして用いられる。具体的には、前記のような水硬性組成物と水を、水硬性組成物100質量%に対して水45〜100質量%、特に55〜75質量%の割合で混合して用いるのが、採苗器を被覆し易い粘度のスラリーが得られるので好ましい。   Such a hydraulic composition is used as a slurry. Specifically, the hydraulic composition and water as described above are used by mixing water at a ratio of 45 to 100% by mass, particularly 55 to 75% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the hydraulic composition. This is preferable because a slurry having a viscosity that easily coats the seedling device can be obtained.

本発明で用いる採苗器としては、通常用いられるものであれば特に制限されないが、例えば、牡蠣、帆立貝等の貝殻、プラスチック製の採苗器等が挙げられる。   The seedling device used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is usually used, and examples thereof include shells such as oysters and scallops, plastic seedling devices, and the like.

採苗器は、水硬性組成物のスラリーに直接浸漬することにより、被覆させることができる。具体的には、練り混ぜたスラリーを適当な大きさのバケツや水槽などに貯めておき、そこへ採苗器を直接投入して十分に浸漬したのち、引き上げて被覆が完了する。
被覆の厚さは、採苗器から稚貝を剥がす際に、容易に削り取れる又は剥がすことができる程度であれば良く、0.3〜3mm、特に0.5〜2mm程度が好ましい。
The seedling device can be coated by dipping directly into the slurry of the hydraulic composition. Specifically, the kneaded slurry is stored in a bucket or water tank of an appropriate size, and a seedling device is directly put into it and sufficiently immersed, and then it is pulled up to complete the coating.
The thickness of the coating is not limited as long as it can be easily scraped off or peeled off from the seedling device, and is preferably about 0.3 to 3 mm, particularly about 0.5 to 2 mm.

このようにして、水硬性組成物で被覆した採苗器は、被覆材を十分硬化させた後、通常の方法により、垂下連にして用いることができる。垂下連は、1本当たりの長さが50cm〜5m、特に50cm〜3mであるのが好ましい。1本の垂下連には、採苗器を20〜100枚、特に50〜80枚取り付けるのが好ましい。
また、通常の方法により垂下連を製造した後、これを水硬性組成物のスラリーで被覆して用いることもできる。
In this way, the seedling device coated with the hydraulic composition can be used in a drooping manner by a normal method after sufficiently curing the coating material. The length of the drooping line is preferably 50 cm to 5 m, particularly 50 cm to 3 m. It is preferable to attach 20 to 100 seedling devices, particularly 50 to 80 seedling devices, to one drooping series.
Moreover, after manufacturing a drooping series by a normal method, this can also be coat | covered and used with the slurry of a hydraulic composition.

垂下連は、通常の方法により、海中に設置され、貝類の種苗を採取することができる。
本発明により種苗を採取する貝類は、主として牡蠣や岩牡蠣などの二枚貝に代表される、幼生が海中を浮遊する固着性貝類である。
The drooping station is installed in the sea by a normal method and can collect shellfish seedlings.
Shellfish from which seeds and seedlings are collected according to the present invention are sticky shellfish in which larvae float in the sea, typified by bivalves such as oysters and rock oysters.

実施例1
(1)水硬性組成物種材の調製:
早強ポルトランドセメント(太平洋セメント社製)、ドロマイトプラスター(日本プラスター社製)、高炉スラグ微粉末(ブレーン値4000品;デイシイ社製)、石灰石微粉末(200メッシュ品;有恒鉱業社製)を、表1示す組成で量り取り、レディゲミキサーに投入して2分間混合し、水硬性組成物の種材を調製した。
Example 1
(1) Preparation of hydraulic composition seed material:
Early strength Portland cement (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd.), dolomite plaster (manufactured by Nippon Plaster Co., Ltd.), fine powder of blast furnace slag (brane value 4000 products; manufactured by Daisy Co., Ltd.), fine powder of limestone (200 mesh products; manufactured by Yusheng Mining Co., Ltd.) The composition shown in Table 1 was weighed, put into a Redige mixer and mixed for 2 minutes to prepare a seed material for the hydraulic composition.

Figure 0005528030
Figure 0005528030

(2)水硬性組成物の調製:
前記(1)で調製した種材と、中空セラミックス細骨材(比重:0.85〜1.5g/cm3(かさ比重:0.35〜0.45g/cm3)、浮遊率:93%)、掛川産山砂(比重2.52g/cm3、(かさ比重:1.69g/cm3)浮遊率:1%以下)を用い、表2に示す組成の成分を、ヘンシェルミキサーで混合し、配合A〜Gを調製した。
(2) Preparation of hydraulic composition:
The seed material prepared in (1) above and a hollow ceramic fine aggregate (specific gravity: 0.85 to 1.5 g / cm 3 (bulk specific gravity: 0.35 to 0.45 g / cm 3 )), floating rate: 93% ), Kakegawa mountain sand (specific gravity 2.52 g / cm 3 , (bulk specific gravity: 1.69 g / cm 3 ), floating rate: 1% or less), the ingredients shown in Table 2 were mixed with a Henschel mixer, Formulations A to G were prepared.

Figure 0005528030
Figure 0005528030

(3)採苗器垂下連の作成:
前記(2)で調製した配合A〜G各10kgを、15Lトスロン缶に投入し、表3に示した水粉体比となるように水道水を加え、ハンドミキサーにより2分間練り混ぜて、水硬性組成物スラリーを調製した。
これに、帆立貝貝殻70枚を、間にスペーサーを挟みながら、ナイロン製テグスに通した採苗器垂下連を浸漬し、全体にスラリーを満遍なく付着させた後、垂下連を引き上げ、コーティング直後の採苗器のコーティング状態を観察した。更に、この垂下連を吊り下げた状態で1日静置して、硬化・乾燥後での採苗器のコーティング状態を観察した。結果を表3に示す。
なお、表3中、コーティング直後の評価「○」は、コーティング厚が均一で細骨材がコーティング中に満遍なく存在している状態を示し、硬化・乾燥後の評価「○」は、コーティングのひび割れや剥離がなく、細骨材が容易に取れることなくコーティングに保持されている状態を示す。
なお、実施例3、7及び9は参考例であり、本発明の範囲に含まれるものではない。
(3) Creation of seedling drooping series:
Add 10 kg of each of Formulations A to G prepared in (2) above to a 15 L Toslon can, add tap water to the water powder ratio shown in Table 3, knead with a hand mixer for 2 minutes, A hard composition slurry was prepared.
In this, 70 scallop shells with a spacer in between are immersed in the seedling drooping series passed through a nylon teg, and the slurry is evenly attached to the whole, and then the drooping series is pulled up to collect immediately after coating. The state of the seedling coating was observed. Furthermore, this hanging series was left standing for one day, and the coating state of the seedling device after curing and drying was observed. The results are shown in Table 3.
In Table 3, the evaluation “○” immediately after coating indicates a state in which the coating thickness is uniform and the fine aggregate is uniformly present in the coating, and the evaluation “○” after curing / drying indicates cracks in the coating. It shows a state in which the fine aggregate is held in the coating without being easily removed.
Examples 3, 7 and 9 are reference examples and are not included in the scope of the present invention.

Figure 0005528030
Figure 0005528030

(4)採苗状況:
全ての採苗器垂下連を用い、種苗採取場での採苗を行い、採苗後1ヶ月間抑制を行った後の採苗器1枚当りの種苗付着数と、うまく剥がし取れた種苗数(いずれも平均値)を測定し、さらに抑制後のコーティング状態と種苗(コーティング)の剥がし易さを評価した。
なお、付着した種苗(コーティング)を剥がし取る方法は、牡蠣ナイフやスパチュラーにより、コーティングごと種苗を剥がし取る方法、あるいは、コーティング表面を削り、種苗を剥がし取る方法を用いた。
結果を表4に示す。表4中、1ヶ月抑制後の採苗器のコーティング状態の評価「○」は、採苗器垂下直後の状態と比較して目立ったひび割れや剥離がない状態を示し、種苗(コーティング)の剥がし易さの評価「○」は、牡蠣ナイフやスパチュラーを用いることで、容易に種苗を採取することが可能なことを示す。
(4) Seedling situation:
The number of seedlings attached to one seedling device and the number of seedlings that were successfully peeled off after performing seedling collection at the seedling collection site using all the seedling device drooping stations and suppressing for one month after seedling (Each average value) was measured, and the coating state after suppression and the ease of peeling off the seedling (coating) were evaluated.
In addition, as a method of peeling off the attached seedlings (coating), a method of peeling off the seedlings together with the coating with an oyster knife or a spatula, or a method of scraping the coating surface and peeling off the seedlings was used.
The results are shown in Table 4. In Table 4, the evaluation of the coating state of the seedling device after suppression for one month indicates that there is no noticeable cracking or peeling compared to the state immediately after the seedling device is hung, and peeling of the seedling (coating) Ease of evaluation “◯” indicates that seedlings can be easily collected by using an oyster knife or a spatula.

Figure 0005528030
Figure 0005528030

表4の結果より、本発明の種苗採取方法を用いることにより、採苗器に付着した種苗を剥がし取る作業が容易になり、種苗採取の効率が高まった。   From the results shown in Table 4, the use of the seed and seedling collecting method of the present invention facilitated the work of peeling off the seed and seedling attached to the seedling device, and the efficiency of seed and seedling collection was improved.

Claims (2)

垂下式で貝類の種苗を採取する方法において、セメント及び軽量の細骨材を含有する水硬性組成物であって、軽量の細骨材を、水硬性組成物中に5〜50質量%含有し、水硬性組成物100質量%に対して水45〜100質量%の割合で混合したスラリーにして用いる水硬性組成物で被覆した採苗器を用いることを特徴とする貝類の種苗採取方法。 In the method of collecting seedlings of shellfish by the drooping method, it is a hydraulic composition containing cement and a lightweight fine aggregate, and the lightweight fine aggregate is contained in the hydraulic composition in an amount of 5 to 50% by mass. A seedling collecting method for shellfish, characterized by using a seedling device coated with a hydraulic composition used as a slurry mixed at a ratio of 45 to 100% by mass of water with respect to 100% by mass of the hydraulic composition . 細骨材の浮遊率が45%以上である請求項記載の貝類の種苗採取方法。 Seed harvested method of shellfish according to claim 1, wherein the floating rate of fine aggregate is 45% or more.
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