JP2007097538A - Foundation for protecting shellfish - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a foundation for protecting shellfishes, while maintaining a state close to nature, required for the growth of the shellfishes living in sandy mud environment at water bottom, capable of protecting/culturing the shellfishes. <P>SOLUTION: This foundation for protecting the shellfishes is provided by consisting of three-dimensionally formed blocks 2 consisting of a linear material 1 obtained by blending plant fibers with mortar or concrete, binding the linear materials 1 with each other partially and also forming gaps 7 among the linear materials 1 from each other, and sandy mud portion 8 filled in the gaps 7 of the blocks 2. The linear material 1 of the protecting foundation can be constituted by using a low pH cement consisting of MgO and P<SB>2</SB>O<SB>5</SB>as main components, and as the plant fibers, cotton or linen can be used. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to a block base made of mortar or concrete suitable for protecting and culturing shellfish.

In recent years, bivalve resources, such as clams, clams, swordfish, mate clams, etc., have been drastically decreasing in resources, and the Fisheries Agency and local governments have also been trying to research, protect, conserve, and consider resource recovery. Is not going up.

Causes of bivalve loss include anthropogenic effects due to overfishing, loss of biological habitat due to development activities carried out regardless of size, loss of food (prey) due to destruction of the food chain, habitat due to deterioration of water quality There are environmental changes. The problem is that resources are decreasing despite the conservation of habitats such as habitats. This is largely due to the catch of parent shellfish and adult shellfish that produce the next generation of resources. As measures against these resource declines, especially regarding the protection of parent shellfish and adult shellfish, the setting of the fishing season, the setting of the catching area, and the regulation of fishing gear have been carried out, but the effect has not been achieved sufficiently.

Therefore, in order to recover the resources for these bivalves, an artificial method for protecting the parental shells / adults from catching by an artificial method and the growth of the parental shells / adults along with them is provided. It needs to be maintained.

Regarding artificial bases for shellfish growth, for example, Patent Document 1 describes a culture tool for underwater culture of juvenile shellfish in a water-resistant protective box, and Patent Document 2 describes an applicator attached with juvenile shellfish, A shellfish breeder that is protected with a sheet-like net using a degradable resin is described. Patent Document 3 describes a mortar or concrete block substrate for plant and animal settlement and a plant and plant settlement method using the same.
JP 2000-139265 A JP-A-8-51883 JP 2003-265039 A

The ones described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are considered to be effective as they are, but all of the farming tools and breeding tools are in a state close to nature necessary for the growth of shellfish that live in the sandy mud environment. It is difficult to maintain, and it is not possible to cope with the big problem of growing shellfish in a natural sand mud environment to restore resources.

Patent Document 3 describes a block base material composed of a linear body of mortar or concrete containing plant fibers, but does not disclose the growth of shellfish that inhabit in sandy mud on the bottom of the water. The present inventors have found that the block substrate described in Patent Document 3 alone is not suitable for the growth of shellfish. Therefore, the present invention aims to solve such problems.

According to the present invention, the block is composed of a linear body of mortar or concrete mixed with plant fibers, the linear bodies are partially bound to each other, and a gap is formed between the linear bodies. A protection base for shellfish comprising a three-dimensional block and sand mud loaded in the gap between the blocks is provided. In this protection base, the blending amount of the plant fiber blended in the mortar or concrete is preferably 10 kg / m ³ or more, and the diameter of the linear body is 5 to 100 mm, preferably 10 to 30 mm. . Furthermore, the mortar or concrete is preferably a low-pH cement mainly composed of MgO and P ₂ O ₅ as a binder. Further, the surface of the linear body must have irregularities for fixing shellfish foot threads. For this reason, it is preferable that a large number of grooves in the direction of the linear body axis are arranged on the surface of the linear body, and surface irregularities for fixing shellfish are formed on the surface of the linear body by the parallel grooves. Also, by inserting a large number of rod-like bodies into the gaps between the linear bodies of the blocks, these rod-like bodies are projected from the base so that they stand from the base, It is possible to prevent food damage caused by living organisms.

The shellfish on the market are divided into snails such as abalone and turban shell and bivalves that consist of clams such as clams, clams, oysters and scallops. In the present invention, among bivalves, bivalves that live in sand, mud, gravel, stones, rocks, etc. (hereinafter collectively referred to as sand mud), such as marine clams, clams, red clams, and snails. , Mate, etc., freshwater mussel, setashijimi etc., brackish fish yamatojimi, etc., and in the case of snails, for example, freshwater kawachina, monoara, etc. To do.

In order to construct an artificial base for shellfish that lives in sandy mud on the bottom of the sea, in addition to maintaining sufficient sand and mud in the artificial base and ensuring a space for shellfish to live, grow and multiply In addition, it must be strong enough not to break when shellfish are collected, it must be composed of materials that have little influence on the target organisms and the surrounding habitat, and eggs such as snails. It is necessary for the seed that attaches to the solid matter to be a spawning bed.

As an artificial base that satisfies this requirement, the present invention is a block composed of a linear body of mortar or concrete containing plant fibers, the linear bodies are partially bound to each other, and the linear bodies A three-dimensional block with a gap in between is used as a base material, and sand and mud are filled in the gap between the blocks, and the gap in this block is used as a space for shellfish inhabiting, life, growth and proliferation. To do. In particular, in the case of juvenile shellfish such as clams and adult shellfish, the base material is used to attach a filamentous substance (foot thread) that comes out of the body to the surface of the base material to make it easier to fix the body and to protect it from flow and digging. Is used. It is preferable to provide unevenness on the surface of the linear body of the base material so that the foot thread produced by the shellfish tends to adhere to the surface of the base material. It may be formed by a number of surface grooves along. The irregularities on the surface of the linear body also make it easier to attach organic matter such as algae and fungi that feed on shells that inhabit the block, and the amount of generation increases due to the increase in surface area. Because it is created, it becomes easy for different types to proliferate. As the binder (cement) constituting the block, the use of a low pH cement mainly composed of MgO and P ₂ O ₅ has little influence on the living environment of the organism.

When an appropriate amount of vegetable fiber is added to cement-based mortar or concrete, a hardened body with water retention function and strength can be obtained in the hardened state. The body can be deformed while maintaining a linear shape. In other words, by blending plant fibers, a hardened body structure in which water can be impregnated into the cement matrix can be obtained, and a viscous kneaded material that can be extruded into a linear body in a fresh state can be obtained. Although the linear body extruded from the mouth can be freely deformed, it can be held until the linear shape is cured, so if the linear body is bent and entangled before it has hardened, it will look like instant dry noodles. As can be seen, a joined structure in which the linear bodies are crimped and intertwined is obtained, and this structure has an arbitrary shape with an appropriate gap because the linear bodies are partially bonded and hardened. Can be a solid block.

FIG. 1 shows an example of the shape of a three-dimensional block according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a cross section taken along line XY in FIG. As shown in the figure, a linear body 1 made of a cement-based hardened body (mortar or concrete) blended with plant fibers is bent and intertwined to form a three-dimensional block 2. This block 2 has a structure in which the hardened linear body 1 is partially bound and a gap 7 is formed between the linear bodies. At first glance, instant dried noodles (instant noodles) It has such a three-dimensional shape as an enlarged noodle crimped product.

In order to produce such a cement-based hardened block 2, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, a mortar or concrete 3 (hereinafter abbreviated as “green mortar containing plant fibers”) that is not yet solidified with plant fibers. The kneaded product is extruded as a continuous linear body of raw mortar 3 containing plant fibers from the nozzle 5 by being pumped to the nozzle 5 by the grout pump 4, and this is placed in the mold 6 while being bent and entangled. . At that time, when an appropriate amount of plant fiber is blended and the water cement ratio and the unit water amount are adjusted, the linear body of the raw mortar 3 extruded from the nozzle 5 is twisted without breaking even if it is bent at a right angle or near 180 ^°. Bend freely. When plant fibers are not blended, it is difficult to provide such properties, and when extruded into a linear body as a kneaded material having shape retention, it will break immediately upon bending.

In the above example of the figure, an example is shown in which a net-like object is formed by moving the nozzle 5 back and forth and left and right when placing it in the mold 6. Of course, it can also be performed by mechanization. The three-dimensional shape is not limited to this example, and any shape is possible as long as the linear bodies are partially bound and a predetermined gap 7 is formed between the linear bodies. is there. For example, it is possible to create three-dimensional blocks having various shapes such as a polygonal solid block whose side faces are trihedral, tetrahedron, pentahedron, hexahedron, and other polyhedrons, or a cylindrical shape whose side faces are cylinders or elliptic cylinders.

About the diameter of the linear body of the raw mortar 3 extruded from the nozzle 5, a diameter of 5-100 mm, Preferably 10-30 mm is convenient for the inhabiting of shellfish. The linear bodies 1 of the block 2 do not have to have the same diameter. For example, if the diameter of the linear body 1 located at the bottom of the protective base is made thicker than other linear bodies, the protective base is Stability increases when installed in The blending of the raw mortar 3 with plant fiber will be described later, but the plant fiber to be used preferably has a length of 2 to 12 mm and a diameter of about 0.1 to 1.0 mm. The appropriate range varies depending on the type of plant fiber, but it should be in the range of 10 to 80 kg / m ³ , preferably 20 to 60 kg / m ^3. The wet performance (water retention performance) and the deformation performance of the linear body of the raw mortar 3 are enhanced. However, if too large, increased where the aggregate surface covered with plant fibers, since it becomes possible to reduce the bonding strength between the aggregate, cement, 80 Kg / m ³ or less, preferably 60 Kg / m ³ or less It is good. When kneading, it is preferable to first knead the plant fiber in the cement paste, and mix the plant fiber-containing cement paste with the aggregate.

When using plant fiber, it is recommended to use it in a state where the dried body is well loosened. Depending on the nature of the plant fiber, the diameter and length of each fiber, as well as the surface condition and shape (such as needle or plate), are random. What is necessary is just to set it as the dimension shape which can be disperse | distributed well in mortar or concrete. When cotton or hemp is used, a material having a length of about 2 to 12 mm and a diameter of about 0.2 to 0.7 mm may be added and dispersed little by little into the material being mixed. At that time, it is preferable to perform the kneading for 60 seconds or more before mixing water.

It is also preferable to promote the dispersion of plant fibers using a dispersant for concrete. There are various types of dispersants that can be used, and examples thereof include a high-performance water reducing agent (trade name, Leobuild 8000ES, etc.). Moreover, thickeners, such as water-soluble polymer, can be used as needed.

Ordinary cement can be used as the cement to be used, but when low pH cement is used, raw mortar 3 containing plant fibers with low pH (low alkali) is obtained, and the block substrate for protecting shellfish according to the present invention with low pH (protection) Base). As the low pH cement, a low pH cement mainly composed of MgO and P ₂ O ₅ can be used. Examples of such a low pH cement include a soil hardener composition mainly composed of light-burned magnesia described in JP-A No. 2001-200252. A low pH cement corresponding to this is commercially available under the trade name Mag White. Furthermore, a part of the cement can be replaced with blast furnace slag fine powder, fly ash, silica fume and the like as necessary.

  As the aggregate component, normal fine aggregate and coarse aggregate can be used. However, when coarse aggregate is used, it is necessary to use the one whose maximum dimension is smaller than the diameter of the nozzle 5, and the maximum dimension is 5 mm or less. It is good to do. As fine aggregates, in addition to ordinary river sand, soil components such as volcanic ash soil, black soil, and clay can be used. Further, fine powder such as limestone powder, silica sand having a particle size of 0.2 mm or less, powdered volcanic gravel, and the like can be blended. Furthermore, a lightweight fine aggregate can also be used.

The plant fiber 15 Kg / m ³ or more, preferably by blending 20 Kg / m ³ or more, the water-cement ratio and high equal to or than this in the case of the conventional porous concrete (e.g. 25% to 35% water cement with porous concrete When kneaded, a kneaded product with a slump value of up to 1.0 cm can be obtained. The cured product has a water permeability of 1.0 to 3.0 cm / sec and a unit water absorption of 10 to 40%. Water-retaining concrete (mortar) can be obtained. Therefore, the kneaded product is extruded from the nozzle 5 and bent to form a three-dimensional shape, which is cured, and the block 2 of the present invention is a cured linear shape having a water absorption of 10 to 40%. It consists of body 1. For this reason, since the linear body 1 itself shows water retention, it is a very suitable material as a base material for living organisms.

Further, the block 2 according to the present invention can be a cured product having a compressive strength of 250 to 330 kgf / cm ² and a bending strength of 40 to 50 kgf / cm ² . That is, it is possible to obtain strength characteristics equivalent to those of ordinary concrete or mortar. As shown in FIG. 1, the cured linear body 1 has a three-dimensional shape having a structure in which the cured linear body 1 is bent and intertwined, so that there are many gaps 7 between the linear bodies 1. Yes. Up to this point, it is almost the same as the block described in Patent Document 3.

However, it was found that the one described in Patent Document 3 is not necessarily suitable for use as a mortar or concrete block base suitable for protecting and aquaculture of shellfish. First, shellfish cannot be fixed as they are in the gaps between the blocks. For this reason, it is necessary to provide the block 2 with an appropriate gap 7 and to fill the gap 7 with a sand mud suitable for shellfish habitat (sand mud 8 in FIG. 4 described later). Secondly, if the surface of the linear body 1 of the block 2 is smooth, it is difficult to fix the filamentous material (shell thread 16 in FIG. 9 described later) from the shellfish to the surface. Happens to be unable to support For this reason, it is necessary to provide unevenness (unevenness 15 in FIG. 9 described later) sufficient to attach the foot thread 16 to the surface. Moreover, it was found that when the irregularities 15 were provided on the surface, the plant fibers in the block 2 were partially exposed from the surface, and this plant fibers further contributed to the attachment of foot threads. Thirdly, the block itself of Patent Document 3 cannot prevent food damage such as rays. For this purpose, a rod-like body (rod-like body 18 in FIG. 10 described later) is inserted into the gap 7 of the block 2 so that the rod-like body 18 becomes a forested base, and organisms such as fish and birds try to prey on shellfish in the base But it turned out to be good to form a barrier to prevent it.

When the volume of the gap 7 of the block made of the linear body 1 is expressed as a porosity, this porosity can be freely controlled by adjusting the degree of bending entanglement of the linear body 1, for example, the porosity 20 to
80% block 2, preferably block 2 with a porosity of 30-60%.

By loading the sand mud 8 into the gap 7, it becomes a suitable member as a protection base for shellfish that grows and proliferates in the sand mud of the bottom of the sea, and the sand mud 8 loaded in the gap 7 (FIG. 4) It becomes a habitat for shellfish. Therefore, according to the type of shellfish to be protected, the size of the gap 7 and the contents and particle size of the sand mud to be loaded are selected. Usually, the size of the gap 7 may be about 10 to 50 mm in width. The particle size of the sand mud 8 should be about 3 mm or less, and if the sand mud 8 contains an appropriate amount of granular materials such as gravel and pebbles, for example, crushed stone with a diameter of about 3 to 5 mm, This is preferable because the foot thread 16 can be attached to fix the body.

FIG. 4 shows a situation in which sand mud 8 is artificially loaded into the gap 7 of the three-dimensional block 2 made of the linear body 1, and the water content is adjusted after the block 2 is set in the container 9. The sand mud 8 can be loaded into the gap 7 of the block 2 by allowing the slurry of the sand mud 8 to flow into the container 9. According to a method in which a large number of blocks 2 are laid out and the sand mud slurry 8 is placed thereon instead of using the container 9, it is possible to load more efficiently.

The loading of the sand mud 8 into the gap 7 can also be performed naturally at the bottom of the water. That is, when the three-dimensional block 2 as shown in FIG. 1 is installed on the sandy muddy water bottom, the sandy mud on the water bottom naturally enters the gap 7 of the block 2 to form a block containing sand mud. Hereinafter, a block having a solid shape in which sand mud 8 is loaded in the gap between the linear bodies 1, whether artificial or natural, is referred to as “sand mud block 10” as shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 5 shows a situation in which the sand mud containing block 10 according to the present invention is installed on the surface of the sandy mud bottom 11. This sand mud-containing block 10 is a case where the sand mud 8 is previously loaded in the gap 7 and then installed on the bottom of the water, or the sand mud-free block 2 is installed on the bottom 11 of the water. The sand mud of the bottom 11 may be naturally filled in the gap 7, and in any case, it functions as a protection base for shellfish in the bottom 11.

The following methods are typically used to fix and grow shellfish on the sandy mud block 10 in the bottom 11.
A. A sand mud block 10 is installed on the bottom 11 and shellfish are fixed on it.
B. A block 10 containing sand and mud is installed on the bottom 11 of the water.
C. A block 10 containing sand and mud in which the juveniles have settled is prepared in the facility, and this is installed on the bottom 11 to grow naturally.
D. The sand mud containing block 10 with the young shellfish settled is installed in the aquarium in the facility to grow shellfish, and the sand mud containing block 10 is installed on the natural bottom 11.

In A, as shown in FIG. 6, the sand mud block 10 is buried in the bottom 11 and the parent shell or adult shell 12 is supplied thereon. In this case, it is necessary to separately prepare a parent shell or an adult shell 12 (in the case of a clam, the total length of the shell, that is, the maximum length is 20 mm or more). The parent shellfish or adult shellfish 12 begins to live in the sand mud 8 in the block 10 containing sand mud, and forms a group (group) while being protected by the three-dimensional block 10 and grows.

In B, instead of the parent shell or adult shell 12 shown in FIG. 6, a juvenile shell 14 (in the case of a clam, the total length of the shell, that is, the maximum length is less than 20 mm as a guide) is used as the block 10 with sand mud on the bottom 11. Supply. The juveniles 14 dive into the sand mud 8 of the block 10 containing sand and mud and start living, and grow up in a natural state while being protected by the block 10 having a three-dimensional shape.

In C, as shown in FIG. 7, for example, a block 10 containing sand mud is installed in the water tank 13 of the facility, and the juvenile shell 14 is accommodated in the block 10 containing sand mud. It is possible to fix the juvenile shells 14 to the block 10 containing sand and mud on land (not under water) without using the water tank 13. In this case, it is necessary to give sufficient moisture to the sand mud 8 in the block 10 containing sand mud. Next, the block 10 containing sand mud with the juvenile shellfish 14 fixed is transported to the site and installed on the bottom 11. This process is illustrated in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the sand mud block 10 with the juvenile shellfish 14 fixed is taken out from the aquarium 13, collected, transported to the site, and installed on the local bottom 11. The sand mud containing block 10 according to the present invention is in a state in which the sand mud 8 is held by water-retaining concrete (mortar) even if the sand mud containing block 10 is landed until it is installed on the bottom 11 of the water. Therefore, it is avoided that the moisture necessary for shellfish inhabit is depleted, and since the environmental change is small over a long period of time, the life of the shellfish that has settled in it can be landed and transported for several days. Can withstand.

In D, as shown in FIG. 7, the larvae 14 are cultivated until they become adults in the block 10 containing sand and mud installed in the water tank 13 of the facility. At that stage, adult shells can be collected and shipped, but the sand mud-containing block 10 with the adult shells settled can be taken out of the water tank 13, transported, and installed on the natural bottom 11. As a result, the shellfish grow in a natural state while being protected by the three-dimensional block 10.

When the sand mud containing block 10 is transported or installed on the bottom 11, sand mud 8 in the sand mud containing block 10 may be peeled off from the gap 7 in the block 10. It is preferable to transport and store in a container. As this container, for example, it consists of a side plate and a bottom plate, and if the bottom plate is slidably removable, the container containing the sand mud block 10 is installed on the bottom 11 and the bottom plate is slid. The container can be disassembled and removed while the sand mud block 10 is placed on the bottom 11 in the order of lifting and then lifting the side plate.

When collecting shellfish grown in the sand-and-mud block 10 at the bottom 11, each of the sand-and-mud blocks 10 can be landed and the shells inside can be collected. Can be reused. It is also possible to collect shellfish grown from the block 10 containing sand and mud while installed on the bottom 11. Maki is commonly used as a fishing tool for collecting shellfish. However, even if the shellfish in the sand-and-mud block 10 is dug up using this, the block 10 of the present invention is made of concrete (mortar made of mortar). Therefore, damage caused by maki is prevented.

FIG. 9 shows a state where irregularities are formed on the surface of the linear body 1. In the example of FIG. 9, unevenness is formed by arranging a large number of grooves 15 in the axial direction on the surface of the linear body 1. This juxtaposed groove 15 can be formed by using a modified nozzle having irregularities on the inner surface of the caliber when extruding the raw mortar 3 containing plant fibers from the nozzle 5 as shown in FIG. The depth and spacing of the grooves 15 are appropriately selected according to the type of shellfish for protection purposes, but in the case of a clam, the parallel grooves 15 having a depth of 2 to 7 mm and a pitch width of about 2 to 7 mm are formed. Good. It was found that when such groove-like irregularities 15 were provided, the filamentous material (foot thread) coming out of the shellfish was easily attached, and the loss of the shellfish due to the flow and digging was effectively prevented. Moreover, when the groove-like unevenness 15 is provided on the surface of the linear body 1, the plant fibers in the block are likely to be partially exposed on the uneven surface. This exposed plant fiber functions as a fixed end of the foot thread. In FIG. 9, reference numeral 16 denotes a foot thread coming out of the clam 17.

Trying to cultivate clams using the block described in Patent Document 3 (consisting of a linear body with a smooth surface), but good results were not always obtained. In the case where a habitat environment for clams such as clams is formed on the protection base of the present invention, preferred forms thereof are as follows.
1. The base can be divided into juvenile shellfish and adult shellfish, but the gap 7 between the linear bodies 1 should be about 1.5 to 3 times the total length (maximum length) of the shell. . The depth at which the sand mud 8 is loaded also requires at least 2 to 3 times the total length of the shell. The number of layers of the linear body 1 is three or more, and the movement in the bottom 11 is prevented by securing the overall weight by the multilayer. In addition, sand mud 8 and pebbles that enter the multilayer are less susceptible to movement due to waves and flows, thereby reducing the stress of the settled shellfish.
2. Although the cross-sectional shape of the linear body 1 may be a round shape, as described above, the adhesion of shellfish foot threads 16 and the rough surface of the raw mortar 3 extruded from the nozzle 5 (roughness to expose plant fibers) are promoted. In order to do this, it is preferable to use a circular saw tooth shape with a cross-sectional shape or a jagged round shape like a gear tooth. This is a state in which a large number of grooves 15 are arranged in parallel in the axial direction of the linear body 1 as described above. The surface irregularities 15 also serve as resistance to the flow of sand mud 8 existing in the gaps 7 between the linear bodies 1, and also generate complicated small vortices for waves and flows, thereby reducing the influence of water flow entering the gaps 7. To do.
3. The thickness of the linear body 1 is about 10 to 30 mm, and the size of the entire substrate may be 50 cm or less for one piece that can be carried by human power or 50 cm or more for machine conveyance. For installation on the water bottom 11, if a fixing block is provided in advance and the protection base of the present invention is fixed to the fixing block, it does not take time to replace the protection base over time. It is preferable to attach holes and metal fittings for installing the base to the fixing block.
4). When the layers of the linear body 1 are formed in multiple layers, if several layers are separable and laminated, it is easy to observe the state of shellfish that live in the base and to collect them easily. When installing the layers in a separable manner, it is preferable to fix each layer using a fixture or jig in order to prevent movement between layers in water.

FIG. 10 shows a state where the rod-shaped body 18 is erected on the sand mud containing block 10 (the base of the present invention). That is, by inserting a large number of rod-shaped bodies 18 into the sand mud 8 existing in the gaps 7 between the linear bodies 1, the rod-shaped bodies 18 are pierced into the base while protruding from the base. If the rod-like body 18 is forested on the base in this way, it becomes a barrier that prevents organisms such as fish such as rays and birds from preying on shells in the base. If a natural material such as bamboo or wood (for example, used disposable chopsticks) is used as the rod-shaped body 18, there is no effect on the establishment of shellfish, and it is effective in improving the habitat environment for shellfish in addition to preventing food damage. One of the causes of the recent decline in clam catch has been pointed out by predation by foreign enemies. In particular, feeding by pests such as naruto ray and chinu with increased discharge occurs, but the forest of the rod-shaped body 18 serves to prevent such damage. In addition, the rod-shaped body 18 can be protruded from the surface of the linear body 1 and can be made to stand on the base.

FIG. 11 (A) shows the protection of the present invention by accommodating the three-dimensional block 2 and the sand mud 8 in which the gap 7 is formed between the linear bodies 1 in the container 19 whose upper surface is opened. An example of forming a base is shown. The bottom portion and / or the side portion of the container 19 is made of a material (for example, mesh-like plastic) that does not easily allow the sand mud 8 to flow out but has water permeability. Although the linear body 1 has two or more layers, the thickness is typically about 30 mm ± 20 mm. In order to accommodate the layer of the linear body 1 in the container 19, as shown in the figure, the container 19 is first loaded with sand mud 8, and then the block 2 is placed so as to substantially cover the surface of the sand mud 8. Then, sand mud 8 is loaded into the gap 7 between the linear bodies 1 of the block 2. Therefore, there is a lower layer (about 150 mm ± 50 mm) of sand mud 8 near the bottom of the container 19, and an upper layer (about 30 mm ± 20 mm) composed of the linear body 1 and the sand mud 8 is present thereon. .

FIG. 11 (B) shows an example in which the protective substrate of the present invention is installed on the hard water bottom 11 when the water bottom 11 is a bedrock or concrete substrate other than sandy mud. In this case, a container 19 having a removable bottom portion is used, and the bottom portion is removed at the time of installation, so that the container 19 in the installation state has only a side frame as shown in the figure, and the water bottom 11 and the container 19 are provided. Sand mud 8 or the like is buried in the gap between the lower part and the side part.
11A and 11B, reference numeral 20 denotes a block support portion provided on the inner side of the container 19. The support portion 20 serves as a stopper for preventing the block 2 from sinking into the container 19, and a projection-like object is attached to the inside of the container as shown in FIG. It can be made into a bowl shape. In this case, it is desirable to prevent the shellfish from inhabiting and install them at an interval.

As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 11, according to the present invention, the block is composed of a mortar or concrete linear body blended with plant fibers, the linear bodies are partially bound to each other and the line Protection of shellfish comprising a three-dimensional block in which a gap is formed between the bodies, sand mud loaded in the gap of the block, and a water-permeable container containing the block and sand mud Provide a foundation.

Examples of material blending examples of raw mortar containing plant fibers for making a three-dimensional block according to the present invention include, for example:
Low pH cement (trade name: Mug White): 500Kg / m ³ ± 50Kg / m ³
Black soil: 500Kg / m ³ ± 50Kg / m ³
Sand: 400Kg / m ³ ± 40Kg / m ^{3
Water: 420Kg / m 3 ± 40Kg /} m 3
Plant fibers (in the case of ^{cotton): 20Kg / m 3 ± 5Kg} / m 3
As an admixture,
Admixture for soil cement (trade name Leosoyl 100A): 5 kg / m ³ ± 1 kg / m ³
Admixture for soil cement (Brand name Leosoil 100B): 3Kg / m ³ ± 1Kg / m ³
Can be illustrated. As a result, for example, a cured product having an air-dry specific gravity of 1.5 ± 0.2 and a wet specific gravity of 2.1 ± 0.2 can be obtained. This hardened body (linear body for constituting a three-dimensional block) has, for example, a compressive strength of 300 kgf / cm ² ± 50 kg / m ³ and a bending strength of 45 kgf / cm ² ± 10 kg / m.
³ , the cured product exhibits water retention with a unit water absorption of about 30% ± 10%.

As described above, according to the present invention, a hardened cementitious block having voids in which shellfish can live is obtained, and this block has the same water strength as a normal concrete block but also has high water retention. Since it has a gap to be loaded with sand mud suitable for the habitat of shellfish, bivalves and snails can be grown under protection in a sandy mud environment close to nature. it can.

It is a schematic plan view showing an example of a three-dimensional block according to the present invention. It is XY arrow sectional drawing of FIG. It is the schematic which shows the example which loads the linear body of the raw mortar containing a vegetable fiber according to this invention in a formwork. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the state which loads sand mud in the space | gap of a solid-shaped block. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the state which installed the block containing sand mud according to this invention in the water bottom. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the state which fixes a parent shellfish or an adult shellfish to the block containing sand mud installed in the bottom of the water. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the state which fixes a young shellfish to the sand mud block installed in the water tank. It is process explanatory drawing which shows the state which moves the block containing sand mud containing the juvenile from a water tank to a water bottom. It is a perspective view which shows the example of the linear body which formed the side-by-side groove | channel on the surface. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the example which made the rod-shaped body stand on the base | substrate. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the other example of the protection base | substrate of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Linear body which consists of cement-type hardened | cured material mix | blended with plant fiber 3 Solid-shaped block 3 Raw mortar containing plant fiber 4 Grout pump 5 Nozzle 6 Formwork 7 Gap between linear bodies 8 Sand mud 9
10 Block with sand mud
11 Water bottom
12 Parent shell or adult shell
13 Aquarium
14 Young shellfish
15 Parallel grooves (irregularities) on the surface of the linear body
16 Shellfish filamentous material (foot thread)
17 clams
18 Rod
19 Water-permeable container
20 Support part

Claims (8)

A block composed of a linear body of mortar or concrete mixed with plant fibers, in which the linear bodies are partially bound to each other and a gap is formed between the linear bodies And a shellfish protection base comprising sand mud loaded in the gap of the block. The shellfish protective base according to claim 1, wherein the blending amount of the plant fiber is 10 kg / m ³ or more and the diameter of the linear body is 5 to 100 mm. The protective base for shellfish according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mortar or concrete is composed of a low pH cement mainly composed of MgO and P ₂ O ₅ . 4. The shellfish protection base according to claim 1, wherein the linear body has irregularities on its surface. 5. The shellfish protection base according to claim 4, wherein the irregularities on the surface of the linear body are formed by a large number of grooves arranged in parallel in the linear body axis direction. The shellfish protection base according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a large number of rod-shaped bodies protrude from the base. A block composed of a linear body of mortar or concrete mixed with plant fibers, in which the linear bodies are partially bound to each other and a gap is formed between the linear bodies And a protection base for shellfish comprising a sand mud loaded in the gap of the block, and a water-permeable container containing the block and the sand mud. A method for protecting and aquaculture of shellfish in which the protection base according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is installed on the bottom of the water, and the shellfish inhabit the sand mud of the base.

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