JP5523223B2 - Sintered oil-impregnated bearing - Google Patents
Sintered oil-impregnated bearing Download PDFInfo
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- JP5523223B2 JP5523223B2 JP2010151076A JP2010151076A JP5523223B2 JP 5523223 B2 JP5523223 B2 JP 5523223B2 JP 2010151076 A JP2010151076 A JP 2010151076A JP 2010151076 A JP2010151076 A JP 2010151076A JP 5523223 B2 JP5523223 B2 JP 5523223B2
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- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 aromatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CUBCNYWQJHBXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid;2-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O CUBCNYWQJHBXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Description
本発明は、各種用途のモータ、電子機器や電源設備等の冷却に用いられる軸流ファンモータの軸受として好適な、温度が高い環境下でも長期にわたり潤滑性能が維持される焼結含油軸受に関する。 The present invention relates to a sintered oil-impregnated bearing suitable as a bearing for an axial fan motor used for cooling various types of motors, electronic devices, power supply facilities, etc., and capable of maintaining lubricating performance for a long time even in a high temperature environment.
電子機器等の冷却に用いられる軸流ファンモータは、枠形のケーシングの中央部にモータが固定されており、そのロータに回転翼（ファン）を取り付けた構造を有する。モータの駆動回路に通電するとロータが回転し、ケーシングとモータの間隙に一定方向の空気流を発生させる。軸流ファンモータは電子機器等の外枠等に設置され、枠内に外気を導入または枠内の空気を排出して電子機器等を冷却する。特に枠内の空気を排出する用途では、軸流ファンモータの温度環境が８０〜１００℃程度になることがあり、また、運転時間が長いので、その温度環境で耐久性が良い軸受が求められる。 An axial fan motor used for cooling electronic devices or the like has a structure in which a motor is fixed to a central portion of a frame-shaped casing, and a rotor blade (fan) is attached to the rotor. When the motor drive circuit is energized, the rotor rotates and an air flow in a certain direction is generated in the gap between the casing and the motor. The axial fan motor is installed in an outer frame or the like of an electronic device or the like, and cools the electronic device or the like by introducing outside air into the frame or discharging air in the frame. In particular, in applications where the air in the frame is discharged, the temperature environment of the axial fan motor may be about 80 to 100 ° C., and since the operation time is long, a bearing having good durability in that temperature environment is required. .
前記軸流ファンモータの軸受には、焼結含油軸受を用いているものがある（例えば、特許文献１参照）。この種のモータの軸受は、青銅または鉄・青銅系の多孔質焼結合金からなり、その気孔内に炭化水素系の合成油あるいは炭化水素系合成油に増ちょう剤として金属石けんを混合した潤滑組成物を含浸したものである。しかし前記のような高い温度環境で長期間使用される場合、潤滑性能が低下し、金属接触の増大、摩擦力の増大、軸受部の発熱に伴うオイルの劣化、酸化摩耗などが起こり易くなるという現象が認められていた。 Some bearings of the axial fan motor use a sintered oil-impregnated bearing (for example, see Patent Document 1). This type of motor bearing is made of bronze or iron / bronze-based porous sintered alloy, and its pores are lubricated with hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil or hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil mixed with metallic soap as a thickener. It is impregnated with the composition. However, when used in a high temperature environment as described above for a long period of time, the lubrication performance is reduced, and the metal contact increases, the frictional force increases, the oil deteriorates due to the heat generation of the bearing portion, and oxidative wear easily occurs. The phenomenon was recognized.
ファンモータは高い温度環境で長寿命であることが求められている。換言すると使用される軸受の長寿命化が必要なことであり、高い温度環境下においても潤滑性が長期的に安定するととともに、焼付きや摩耗が発生しないような焼結軸受と気孔に含浸される潤滑組成物との組み合わせを探索することが課題となっていた。 The fan motor is required to have a long life under a high temperature environment. In other words, it is necessary to extend the service life of the bearing used, and it is impregnated into sintered bearings and pores so that the lubricity is stable for a long time even in a high temperature environment and seizure and wear do not occur. It has been a challenge to search for a combination with a lubricating composition.
この種の潤滑組成物としては、炭化水素系合成油に増ちょう剤として金属石けんを混合した潤滑組成物がある。しかしながら、一般的な多孔質焼結合金の気孔径は１００μｍ前後であるのに対し、金属石けんの粒子径は数十μｍから数百μｍと多孔質焼結合金の気孔径より大きいものが使用されている。これより、増ちょう剤は多孔質焼結合金の気孔内に入り込めず、気孔を通じて潤滑面に増ちょう剤が供給されなくなる。つまり、潤滑面は基油が主体となるため、油膜強度が低くなり、軸受と回転軸が金属接触し易い潤滑状態となり、潤滑性の点で好ましくない。 As this type of lubricating composition, there is a lubricating composition in which a metallic soap is mixed as a thickener with a hydrocarbon-based synthetic oil. However, while the pore diameter of a general porous sintered alloy is around 100 μm, the particle diameter of metal soap is several tens to several hundred μm, which is larger than the pore diameter of a porous sintered alloy. ing. As a result, the thickener cannot enter the pores of the porous sintered alloy, and the thickener is not supplied to the lubricating surface through the pores. In other words, since the lubricating surface is mainly composed of base oil, the oil film strength is lowered, and the bearing and the rotating shaft are in a lubricating state in which metal contact easily occurs, which is not preferable in terms of lubricity.
本発明は、上記状況に鑑みてなされたものであり、増ちょう剤と基油から構成されたグリース状潤滑組成物を多孔質焼結合金の気孔内に含浸させた焼結含油軸受において、軸受潤滑面への増ちょう剤の供給が阻害されない焼結含油軸受を提供することを目的としている。 The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and is a sintered oil impregnated bearing in which pores of a porous sintered alloy are impregnated with a grease-like lubricating composition composed of a thickener and a base oil. An object of the present invention is to provide a sintered oil-impregnated bearing in which the supply of the thickener to the lubricating surface is not hindered.
本発明は、石けん系増ちょう剤と基油を基本構成とするグリース状潤滑組成物を多孔質焼結合金の気孔内に含浸させた焼結含油軸受において、該グリース状潤滑組成物中の石けん系増ちょう剤の粒子径が、該多孔質焼結合金の気孔径より小さいことを特徴とする。
The present invention relates to a sintered oil-impregnated bearing in which pores of a porous sintered alloy are impregnated with a grease-like lubricating composition consisting essentially of a soap-based thickener and a base oil, and the soap contained in the grease-like lubricating composition. The particle size of the system thickener is smaller than the pore size of the porous sintered alloy.
また、前記グリース状潤滑組成物は、基油に対する増ちょう剤量が重量比で０．２〜２質量％の範囲であることを好ましい態様とする。 Moreover, the said grease-like lubricating composition makes it a preferable aspect that the amount of thickeners with respect to base oil is the range of 0.2-2 mass% by weight ratio.
加えて、前記多孔質焼結合金の気孔径が３０〜１５０μｍで、前記グリース状潤滑組成物の増ちょう剤粒子径はレーザ回折散乱式粒度分布測定装置で測定され、最大粒子径が３０μｍ未満であり、前記基油はポリオールエステル油またはポリオールエステル油とポリαオレフィン油の混合油のいずれかで、４０℃における動粘度が２０〜１００ｍｍ２／ｓの範囲とすることを好ましい態様とする。 In addition, the pore diameter of the porous sintered alloy is 30 to 150 μm, the thickener particle size of the grease-like lubricating composition is measured with a laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution measuring device, and the maximum particle size is less than 30 μm. And the base oil is either a polyol ester oil or a mixed oil of a polyol ester oil and a poly-α-olefin oil, and the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. is preferably in the range of 20 to 100 mm 2 / s.
このように、増ちょう剤と基油を基本構成とするグリース状潤滑組成物を多孔質焼結合金の気孔内に含浸させた焼結含油軸受において、グリース状潤滑組成物中の増ちょう剤の粒子径が、該多孔質焼結合金の気孔径より小さいグリース状潤滑組成物を多孔質焼結合金に含浸した組み合わせとした。これにより、増ちょう剤が気孔内に入り込んで潤滑面に供給されるので、温度が比較的高い環境下でも潤滑性が良好で、摩耗量が少ない軸受要素が提供することができ、特に、軸流ファンモータ用に好適なものであり、軸流ファンモータに使用すればモータの耐久性の向上、信頼性の向上に寄与することができる。 Thus, in a sintered oil-impregnated bearing in which pores of a porous sintered alloy are impregnated with a grease-like lubricating composition having a thickener and a base oil as basic components, the thickener in the grease-like lubricating composition A porous sintered alloy was impregnated with a grease-like lubricating composition having a particle size smaller than the pore size of the porous sintered alloy. As a result, the thickener enters the pores and is supplied to the lubrication surface, so that it is possible to provide a bearing element with good lubricity and low wear even in a relatively high temperature environment. It is suitable for an axial fan motor, and if used for an axial fan motor, it can contribute to improving the durability and reliability of the motor.
以下、本発明の好適な実施の形態を説明する。
（１）含浸されるグリース状潤滑組成物
温度が比較的高い環境下でも良好な潤滑性能が長期にわたり維持されるような前記多孔質焼結合金からなる軸受との好適な組み合わせとなるグリース状潤滑組成物は、基油がポリオールエステル油またはポリオールエステル油とポリαオレフィン油の混合油のいずれかである。基油は粘度を低くすることにより、低速条件において摺動面にグリース状潤滑組成物を供給しやすくなる。しかしながら、粘度を低くし過ぎた場合、グリース状潤滑組成物の漏れ量が増し、潤滑膜強度が低くなるために金属接触が増大し、軸受に異常を生じる。一方、基油の粘度を高くした場合、軸受内からのグリース状潤滑組成物が出にくくなる。また、粘性抵抗が大きくなるので、軸受の摩擦係数が高くなる。そのため、４０℃における動粘度が２０〜１００ｍｍ２／ｓの範囲である。グリース状潤滑組成物は通常の方法により前記多孔質焼結合金の軸受に含浸される。
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described.
(1) Grease-like lubricating composition to be impregnated Grease-like lubrication which is a suitable combination with the bearing made of the porous sintered alloy so that good lubricating performance can be maintained for a long time even in a relatively high temperature environment In the composition, the base oil is either a polyol ester oil or a mixed oil of a polyol ester oil and a polyalphaolefin oil. By reducing the viscosity of the base oil, it becomes easy to supply the grease-like lubricating composition to the sliding surface under low speed conditions. However, if the viscosity is too low, the amount of leakage of the grease-like lubricating composition increases, and the strength of the lubricating film decreases, so that the metal contact increases and an abnormality occurs in the bearing. On the other hand, when the viscosity of the base oil is increased, it becomes difficult for the grease-like lubricating composition to come out from the bearing. In addition, since the viscous resistance is increased, the friction coefficient of the bearing is increased. Therefore, the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. is in the range of 20 to 100 mm 2 / s. The grease-like lubricating composition is impregnated in the porous sintered alloy bearing by an ordinary method.
（２）増ちょう剤
グリース状潤滑組成物は、増ちょう剤を０．２〜２．０質量％含有する。増ちょう剤としては、各種油脂または脂肪酸の金属塩であるリチウム石けん、ナトリウム石けん、カルシウム石けん、アルミニウム石けん等の金属石けん、コンプレックス石けん、有機系非石けん、無機系非石けん等がある。増ちょう剤としては安価で供給の安定した、より耐熱性の高い物質が求められるが、不均一系であることを感じさせないほど基油と一体となった構造を作るものが望まれる。分散性、耐熱性および潤滑性等からリチウム金属石けんが好適である。また、リチウムを１種または数種の油脂類と組み合わせることにより種々の性能のグリースを得ることができる。そのような油脂類には牛脂、パーム油、ヤシ油等の天然動植物油や、ヒマシ硬化油等の天然動植物油を水添した硬化油、またこれらを分解して得られる各種脂肪酸等が挙げられる。その他アジピン酸，セバシン酸等のジカルボン酸や、安息香酸、サリチル酸等の芳香族カルボン酸、合成脂肪酸等を使用することもできる。特にヒマシ硬化油あるいはその脂肪酸やステアリン酸とリチウムからなる石鹸を増ちょう剤としたグリースは、耐熱および耐水の他に機械的安定性も良好である。
(2) Thickener The grease-like lubricating composition contains 0.2 to 2.0% by mass of a thickener. Examples of thickeners include metal soaps such as lithium soap, sodium soap, calcium soap, and aluminum soap, which are metal salts of various fats and fatty acids, complex soap, organic non-soap, and inorganic non-soap. As a thickener, a substance that is inexpensive, stable in supply, and more heat-resistant is required, but a thickener that has a structure integrated with the base oil so that it does not feel a heterogeneous system is desired. Lithium metal soap is preferred from the viewpoint of dispersibility, heat resistance, lubricity and the like. In addition, greases having various performances can be obtained by combining lithium with one or several kinds of fats and oils. Such fats and oils include natural animal and vegetable oils such as beef tallow, palm oil and coconut oil, hydrogenated hardened oils of natural animal and vegetable oils such as castor hardened oil, and various fatty acids obtained by decomposing them. . In addition, dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid and sebacic acid, aromatic carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid and salicylic acid, synthetic fatty acids, and the like can also be used. In particular, a grease using castor oil or its fatty acid or soap made of stearic acid and lithium as a thickener has good mechanical stability in addition to heat resistance and water resistance.
増ちょう剤の含有量は、０．２質量％未満では固体潤滑性としての効果を得ることができない。２．０質量％を越えると見掛け粘度が高くなるため、多孔質焼結合金に含浸して使用する場合、摩擦係数が高くなる。 If the content of the thickener is less than 0.2% by mass, the effect as solid lubricity cannot be obtained. If it exceeds 2.0% by mass, the apparent viscosity increases, and therefore, when impregnated into a porous sintered alloy, the friction coefficient increases.
増ちょう剤の粒子径は、多孔質焼結合金の気孔径より小さいものを含浸した組み合わせとする。これより、気孔内に増ちょう剤が入り込み、気孔を通じて増ちょう剤の出入りが容易になる。つまり、潤滑面には、基油と増ちょう剤が供給されるので、油膜強度が高くなり、軸受と回転軸の金属接触が低減される。これより、良好な潤滑性が維持されて、摩耗を少なくすることができる。本発明では、多孔質焼結合金の気孔径が３０〜１５０μｍで、増ちょう剤の粒子径については、最大粒子径が３０μｍ未満であると好ましい。 The particle size of the thickener is a combination impregnated with a pore size smaller than that of the porous sintered alloy. Thus, the thickener enters the pores, and the thickener can easily enter and exit through the pores. That is, since the base oil and the thickener are supplied to the lubricating surface, the oil film strength is increased and the metal contact between the bearing and the rotating shaft is reduced. As a result, good lubricity is maintained and wear can be reduced. In the present invention, the porous sintered alloy preferably has a pore diameter of 30 to 150 μm, and the thickener preferably has a maximum particle diameter of less than 30 μm.
以下、実施例および比較例により本発明をさらに詳しく説明する。
増ちょう剤粒子径の適正範囲
はじめに、グリース状潤滑組成物に含有する増ちょう剤粒子径の適正範囲を調べた。軸受原料粉末は、−３２５〜＋１５０メッシュの還元鉄粉、−３５０〜＋２００メッシュの電解銅粉、錫粉の各金属粉末と、成形潤滑剤（ステアリン酸亜鉛粉）とを用意した。各金属粉を所定量配合し、これらの金属粉に対して０．５質量％の成形潤滑剤を追加して混合した。次に、その混合粉末を内径φ３ｍｍ、外径φ８ｍｍ、全長１０ｍｍの円筒体に圧縮成形し、焼結およびサイジングを行った。焼結は水素ガスと窒素ガスの混合ガス中で焼結温度７８０℃で行い、通常の方法でサイジングを行った。密度は６.４Ｍｇ／ｍ３、有効多孔率は２０．５％、多孔質焼結合金の気孔径は３０〜１５０μｍの範囲である。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
Appropriate Range of Thickener Particle Size First, the proper range of the thickener particle size contained in the grease-like lubricating composition was examined. As the bearing raw material powder, -325 to +150 mesh reduced iron powder, -350 to +200 mesh electrolytic copper powder, tin powder metal powder, and a molding lubricant (zinc stearate powder) were prepared. A predetermined amount of each metal powder was blended, and 0.5% by mass of a molding lubricant was added to and mixed with these metal powders. Next, the mixed powder was compression molded into a cylindrical body having an inner diameter of 3 mm, an outer diameter of 8 mm, and a total length of 10 mm, and sintered and sized. Sintering was performed at a sintering temperature of 780 ° C. in a mixed gas of hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas, and sizing was performed by an ordinary method. The density is 6.4 Mg / m 3 , the effective porosity is 20.5%, and the pore diameter of the porous sintered alloy is in the range of 30 to 150 μm.
多孔質焼結合金の成分としては、組織が鉄相と銅合金相との斑な金属組織をしており、鉄が２０〜６０質量％、銅合金が８０〜４０質量％が好適である。より好ましくは、鉄が４０質量％前後、銅合金が６０質量％前後である。合金中の鉄の含有量が、２０質量％未満であると銅系焼結合金で作られた軸受の耐摩耗性と比べて向上の程度が少なく、６０質量％超えると回転軸とのなじみ性が低下し、摩擦係数が高くなるので２０〜６０質量％の範囲内とする。本実施例の多孔質焼結合金は鉄の量が４５質量％で、銅合金組成が錫含有量４質量％のものである。 As a component of the porous sintered alloy, the structure has a patchy metal structure of an iron phase and a copper alloy phase, and iron is preferably 20 to 60% by mass and copper alloy is preferably 80 to 40% by mass. More preferably, iron is about 40% by mass and the copper alloy is about 60% by mass. When the iron content in the alloy is less than 20% by mass, the degree of improvement is small compared to the wear resistance of the bearing made of the copper-based sintered alloy, and when it exceeds 60% by mass, the compatibility with the rotating shaft is achieved. In the range of 20 to 60% by mass. The porous sintered alloy of this example has an iron content of 45% by mass and a copper alloy composition with a tin content of 4% by mass.
この軸受試料にグリース状潤滑組成物を通常の減圧含浸装置を用いて含浸した。グリース状潤滑組成物はポリオールエステル油を基油とし、増ちょう剤はリチウム金属石けんである。この種のグリース状潤滑組成物は、高温で使われるため油が酸化しやすく、スラッジの発生が見られる。グリース状潤滑組成物に酸化防止剤としてフェノール系酸化防止剤が０．１〜５．０質量％とアミン系酸化防止剤を０．１〜５．０％を含有させ、酸化によるスラッジ等の発生を防止する。フェノール系酸化防止剤あるいはアミン系酸化防止剤単体は効果が小さい。また、それぞれ０．１％質量未満では効果がなく、それぞれ５．０質量％以上添加しても、それ以上の効果は見られない。本実施例はフェノール系酸化防止剤を１．０質量％、アミン系酸化防止剤を２．０質量％添加した。 This bearing sample was impregnated with a grease-like lubricating composition using a normal vacuum impregnation apparatus. The grease-like lubricating composition is based on polyol ester oil and the thickener is lithium metal soap. Since this type of grease-like lubricating composition is used at a high temperature, the oil is easily oxidized and sludge is generated. The grease-like lubricating composition contains 0.1 to 5.0% by weight of a phenolic antioxidant as an antioxidant and 0.1 to 5.0% of an amine antioxidant, and generates sludge and the like due to oxidation. To prevent. A phenolic antioxidant or an amine antioxidant alone has little effect. Moreover, if less than 0.1% by mass, there is no effect, and even if 5.0% by mass or more is added, no further effect is observed. In this example, 1.0 mass% of a phenolic antioxidant and 2.0 mass% of an amine antioxidant were added.
リチウム金属石けんは、融点以上に温度を上げた後の冷却工程において、冷却速度を変えることで異なる粒子径のものを得ることができる。冷却工程で、放置して冷却すると粒子径は大きくなり、形状は繊維状となり、細かい粒子径と大きい粒子径が混在した増ちょう剤が得られる。冷却工程で急冷させると、粒子径が小さくなり、針状形状を持った微細なリチウム金属石けんを得ることができる。 Lithium metal soaps can be obtained in different particle sizes by changing the cooling rate in the cooling step after raising the temperature above the melting point. In the cooling step, when allowed to cool, the particle size increases, the shape becomes fibrous, and a thickener containing both fine and large particle sizes is obtained. When cooled rapidly in the cooling step, the particle diameter becomes small, and a fine lithium metal soap having a needle-like shape can be obtained.
比較例１〜３は徐冷で得られた繊維形状のもので、実施例１〜２は急冷で得られた針状形状の増ちょう剤である。増ちょう剤の粒子径は（株）堀場製作所製 ＬＡ−３００で測定し、最大粒子径が２００μｍ、１２０μｍ、５０μｍ、２５μｍ、１０μｍの５種類である。また、増ちょう剤の平均径は次式で求められ、それぞれ９０、５０、１０、５、１μｍである。
平均径＝Σ｛ｑ（Ｊ）×Ｘ（Ｊ）｝÷Σ｛ｑ（Ｊ）｝
Ｊ ：粒子径分割番号
ｑ（Ｊ） ：頻度分布値（％）
Ｘ（Ｊ） ：Ｊ番目の粒子径範囲の代表径（μｍ）
Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are fiber-shaped obtained by slow cooling, and Examples 1 and 2 are acicular thickeners obtained by rapid cooling. The particle diameter of the thickener was measured with LA-300 manufactured by Horiba, Ltd., and the maximum particle diameter was five types of 200 μm, 120 μm, 50 μm, 25 μm and 10 μm. Further, the average diameter of the thickener is determined by the following equation, and is 90, 50, 10, 5, 1 μm, respectively.
Average diameter = Σ {q (J) × X (J)} ÷ Σ {q (J)}
J: Particle size division number q (J): Frequency distribution value (%)
X (J): representative diameter (μm) of the J-th particle size range
グリース状潤滑組成物の４０℃における動粘度は約５０ｍｍ２／ｓである。試験方法は、モータで回転する軸の固定部に、試験用の軸を水平に固定し、軸受はハウジングに固定して軸と嵌合させ、ハウジングに垂直方向の荷重を与えた状態で軸を回転させて軸受ハウジングにかかる回転トルクを測定できる装置を用いて摩擦係数を測定し、運転初期の摩擦係数と試験後の軸受摩耗量を測定した。回転軸（シャフト）は熱処理されたマルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼ＳＵＳ４２０Ｊ２材で表面粗さが約０．３Ｓである。周囲温度は８０℃に保持され、軸の回転数を５０００ｒｐｍとし、負荷面圧を０．１ＭＰａにして１０００時間運転した。軸受摩耗量は、試験前の軸受内径寸法と１０００時間運転した後の軸受内径寸法との差である。 The kinematic viscosity of the grease-like lubricating composition at 40 ° C. is about 50 mm 2 / s. In the test method, the test shaft is fixed horizontally to the fixed part of the shaft that is rotated by the motor, the bearing is fixed to the housing and fitted with the shaft, and the shaft is mounted with a vertical load applied to the housing. The friction coefficient was measured using an apparatus that can measure the rotational torque applied to the bearing housing by rotating it, and the friction coefficient at the initial stage of operation and the bearing wear after the test were measured. The rotating shaft (shaft) is a heat-treated martensitic stainless steel SUS420J2 material having a surface roughness of about 0.3S. The ambient temperature was maintained at 80 ° C., the shaft rotation speed was 5000 rpm, the load surface pressure was 0.1 MPa, and the system was operated for 1000 hours. The bearing wear amount is the difference between the bearing inner diameter before the test and the bearing inner diameter after 1000 hours of operation.
試験の結果を表１に示す。摩擦係数および摩耗量は、実施例１、２は小さいが、比較例１〜３は大きくなっている。また、比較例１〜３を比較すると、増ちょう剤の最大粒子径が大きいものほど摩擦係数および摩耗量は大きくなっている。実施例１および２は、いずれも増ちょう剤の粒子径が多孔質焼結合金の気孔径より小さいため、気孔内に増ちょう剤は入り込むことができ、多孔質焼結合金のいずれの気孔を通じて出入りし、潤滑面に基油とともに増ちょう剤が一様に供給される。これより、軸受と回転軸の金属接触を低減し、摩擦係数および摩耗量を小さくしたものと考える。実施例１、２から、増ちょう剤粒子径としては、小さければ小さいほど気孔の出入りが容易になるので好適である。なお、比較例１、２、３は、多孔質焼結合金の最大気孔径１５０μｍより小さい増ちょう剤は含浸される。しかし、これらの増ちょう剤は、多孔質焼結合金の全ての気孔内からは出入りすることができないため、潤滑面への増ちょう剤の供給が少なくなる。これより、潤滑面は基油の割合が多くなるため、油膜強度が低く、軸受と回転軸が金属接触し易くなり、摩擦係数および摩耗量は大きくなったものと考える。 The test results are shown in Table 1. The friction coefficient and the amount of wear are small in Examples 1 and 2, but large in Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Further, comparing Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the larger the maximum particle diameter of the thickener, the greater the friction coefficient and the wear amount. In Examples 1 and 2, since the particle diameter of the thickener is smaller than the pore diameter of the porous sintered alloy, the thickener can enter the pores, and through any pore of the porous sintered alloy. The thickener is uniformly supplied along with the base oil to the lubricating surface. From this, it is considered that the metal contact between the bearing and the rotating shaft is reduced, and the friction coefficient and the wear amount are reduced. From Examples 1 and 2, as the thickener particle size, the smaller the particle size, the more easily the entrance and exit of the pores. Note that Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3 are impregnated with a thickening agent having a pore size smaller than 150 μm of the porous sintered alloy. However, since these thickeners cannot enter and exit from all the pores of the porous sintered alloy, the supply of the thickener to the lubricating surface is reduced. From this, it is considered that the lubricating surface has a higher proportion of base oil, so the oil film strength is low, the bearing and the rotating shaft are likely to be in metal contact, and the friction coefficient and wear amount are increased.
このように、増ちょう剤の最大粒子径を多孔質焼結合金の気孔径より小さくしたグリース状潤滑組成物と多孔質焼結合金の組み合わせは、気孔を通じて潤滑面に増ちょう剤が供給されるので潤滑性が良好で軸受摩耗を低減することができる。 Thus, in the combination of the grease-like lubricating composition and the porous sintered alloy in which the maximum particle size of the thickener is smaller than the pore size of the porous sintered alloy, the thickener is supplied to the lubricating surface through the pores. Therefore, lubricity is good and bearing wear can be reduced.
増ちょう剤含有量の適正範囲
次に、グリース状潤滑組成物に含有する増ちょう剤含有量の適正範囲について調べた。グリース状潤滑組成物はポリオールエステル油を基油とし、増ちょう剤はリチウム金属石けんで、含有量が０．１〜２．５質量％と異なる６種類である。グリース状潤滑組成物の４０℃における動粘度は約５０ｍｍ２／ｓである。増ちょう剤粒子径は、株式会社堀場製作所製ＬＡ−３００にて測定され、最大粒子径は２５μｍ、平均径は５μｍである。また、グリース状潤滑組成物はフェノール系酸化防止剤を１．０質量％、アミン系酸化防止剤を２．０質量％含有する。グリース状潤滑組成物が含浸される試験軸受は前記と同じ軸受試料で、密度は６．４Ｍｇ／ｍ３、有効多孔率は２０．５％、多孔質焼結合金の気孔径は３０〜１５０μｍの範囲である。軸受試験方法は前記の試験方法と同じで、運転初期の摩擦係数と１０００時間運転後の軸受摩耗量を測定した。
Appropriate Range of Thickener Content Next, the proper range of the thickener content contained in the grease-like lubricating composition was examined. The grease-like lubricating composition uses a polyol ester oil as a base oil, and the thickener is lithium metal soap, and the content is six types different from 0.1 to 2.5% by mass. The kinematic viscosity of the grease-like lubricating composition at 40 ° C. is about 50 mm 2 / s. The particle diameter of the thickener is measured by LA-300 manufactured by Horiba, Ltd. The maximum particle diameter is 25 μm, and the average diameter is 5 μm. Further, the grease-like lubricating composition contains 1.0% by mass of a phenolic antioxidant and 2.0% by mass of an amine antioxidant. The test bearing impregnated with the grease-like lubricating composition is the same bearing sample as described above, the density is 6.4 Mg / m 3 , the effective porosity is 20.5%, and the pore diameter of the porous sintered alloy is 30 to 150 μm. It is a range. The bearing test method was the same as the test method described above, and the friction coefficient at the initial stage of operation and the bearing wear after 1000 hours of operation were measured.
試験の結果を表１に併記する。実施例３、１、４、５は摩擦係数が低く摩耗量も小さい。これに対し、比較例４は、摩擦係数が高く摩耗量も大きい。これは、増ちょう剤の含有量が０．１質量％と少ないために油膜強度が低くなり、軸受と回転軸が金属接触し易くなって摩擦係数および摩耗量が大きくなったものと考える。比較例５は、摩耗量は小さいが、摩擦係数が高い。これは増ちょう剤の含有量が多いためで、見掛け粘度が高いことが原因と考える。これらのことから、増ちょう剤の含有量は０．２〜２質量％が好ましい。 The test results are also shown in Table 1. Examples 3, 1, 4, and 5 have a low friction coefficient and a small amount of wear. In contrast, Comparative Example 4 has a high friction coefficient and a large amount of wear. This is because the oil film strength is low because the content of the thickener is as small as 0.1% by mass, and the friction coefficient and the wear amount are increased because the bearing and the rotating shaft are easily in metal contact. In Comparative Example 5, the wear amount is small, but the friction coefficient is high. This is because the content of the thickener is large, and it is considered that the apparent viscosity is high. Therefore, the content of the thickener is preferably 0.2 to 2% by mass.
基油粘度の適正範囲
次に、グリース状潤滑組成物の基油粘度の適正範囲について調べた。グリース状潤滑組成物はポリオールエステル油を基油とし、増ちょう剤はリチウム金属石けんで、含有量は０．５質量％である。増ちょう剤粒子径は、前記と同様、株式会社堀場製作所製ＬＡ−３００にて測定され、最大粒子径は２５μｍ、平均径は５μｍである。４０℃における動粘度は、１０、２０、５０、１００、１５０ｍｍ２／ｓと異なる５種類である。グリース状潤滑組成物が含浸される試験軸受は前記と同じ軸受試料である。また、軸受試験方法も前記の試験方法と同じで、運転初期の摩擦係数と１０００時間運転後の軸受摩耗量を測定した。
Next, an appropriate range of the base oil viscosity of the grease-like lubricating composition was examined. The grease-like lubricating composition is based on polyol ester oil, the thickener is lithium metal soap, and the content is 0.5% by mass. The thickener particle diameter is measured by LA-300 manufactured by Horiba, Ltd. as described above, and the maximum particle diameter is 25 μm and the average diameter is 5 μm. The kinematic viscosities at 40 ° C. are five types different from 10, 20, 50, 100, and 150 mm 2 / s. The test bearing impregnated with the grease-like lubricating composition is the same bearing sample as described above. The bearing test method was also the same as the test method described above, and the friction coefficient at the initial stage of operation and the amount of bearing wear after 1000 hours of operation were measured.
試験結果を表１に併記する。実施例６、１、７は摩擦係数が低く摩耗量も小さい。比較例６は、摩擦係数が高く摩耗量が大きい。これは、１０ｍｍ２／ｓと動粘度が低いため、油膜強度が不足して軸受と回転軸が金属接触し易くなったためと考える。比較例７は、摩耗量は小さいが、摩擦係数が高い。１５０ｍｍ２／ｓと粘度が高いため、油膜強度は高いが、粘度が高すぎるため、摩擦係数が高くなったものと考える。これらのことから、グリース状潤滑組成物の４０℃における動粘度としては、２０〜１００ｍｍ２／ｓが好適である。 The test results are also shown in Table 1. Examples 6, 1, and 7 have a low coefficient of friction and a small amount of wear. Comparative Example 6 has a high friction coefficient and a large amount of wear. This is considered to be because the kinematic viscosity is low at 10 mm 2 / s, so that the oil film strength is insufficient and the bearing and the rotary shaft are easily in metal contact. In Comparative Example 7, the wear amount is small, but the friction coefficient is high. Since the viscosity is as high as 150 mm 2 / s, the oil film strength is high, but the viscosity is too high, so the friction coefficient is considered high. For these reasons, the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the grease-like lubricating composition is preferably 20 to 100 mm 2 / s.
本願発明の焼結含油軸受は、ファンモータ用に好適なものであり、ファンモータに使用すればモータの耐久性の向上、信頼性の向上に寄与することができる。 The sintered oil-impregnated bearing of the present invention is suitable for a fan motor, and if used for a fan motor, it can contribute to improvement of the durability and reliability of the motor.
Claims (3)
該グリース状潤滑組成物中の石けん系増ちょう剤の粒子径が、該多孔質焼結合金の気孔径より小さいことを特徴とする焼結含油軸受。 In a sintered oil-impregnated bearing in which pores of a porous sintered alloy are impregnated with a grease-like lubricating composition consisting of a soap-based thickener and a base oil,
A sintered oil-impregnated bearing characterized in that the particle diameter of the soap-based thickener in the grease-like lubricating composition is smaller than the pore diameter of the porous sintered alloy.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010151076A JP5523223B2 (en) | 2010-07-01 | 2010-07-01 | Sintered oil-impregnated bearing |
| TW100122751A TWI497000B (en) | 2010-07-01 | 2011-06-29 | Oil-impregnated sintered bearing |
| CN2011101834581A CN102312922A (en) | 2010-07-01 | 2011-07-01 | Sintered metal bearing |
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| JP2010151076A JP5523223B2 (en) | 2010-07-01 | 2010-07-01 | Sintered oil-impregnated bearing |
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| JP2012013167A JP2012013167A (en) | 2012-01-19 |
| JP5523223B2 true JP5523223B2 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
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| JP2010151076A Active JP5523223B2 (en) | 2010-07-01 | 2010-07-01 | Sintered oil-impregnated bearing |
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| JP (1) | JP5523223B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102312922A (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI497000B (en) |
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| JP6011805B2 (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2016-10-19 | 日立化成株式会社 | Sintered oil-impregnated bearing and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103497806A (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2014-01-08 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Oil immersion bearing grease composition and preparation method |
| CN107427917B (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2020-02-28 | 日立化成株式会社 | Molding method for molded body by compression molding |
| JP6625337B2 (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2019-12-25 | Ntn株式会社 | Vibration device |
| CN108746612A (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2018-11-06 | 江晓堂 | The bearing used in a kind of low lubricant environment invades the metallurgy sintered device of oil |
| JP2023151683A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-16 | 出光興産株式会社 | Lubricant composition and method for producing the same |
| WO2023243496A1 (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2023-12-21 | Ntn株式会社 | Fluid dynamic pressure bearing lubricant oil composition, fluid dynamic pressure bearing, and fluid dynamic pressure bearing apparatus |
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| JP2522874B2 (en) * | 1991-11-29 | 1996-08-07 | エヌティエヌ株式会社 | Porous plain bearing |
| JP3370829B2 (en) * | 1995-04-21 | 2003-01-27 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Lubricating grease composition |
| JPH10164794A (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-06-19 | Shicoh Eng Co Ltd | Axially gapped type dc brushless axial-flow fan motor |
| JP3602317B2 (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 2004-12-15 | Ｎｔｎ株式会社 | Dynamic pressure type porous oil-impregnated bearing unit |
| EP1353092B1 (en) * | 2002-04-11 | 2009-06-17 | NSK Ltd., | Linear motion device |
| CN100417825C (en) * | 2003-02-14 | 2008-09-10 | 日立粉末冶金株式会社 | Oil impregnated sintered bearing |
| JP2004256588A (en) * | 2003-02-24 | 2004-09-16 | Nsk Ltd | Lubricating oil composition for traction and traction drive |
| JP2004352953A (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-16 | Nsk Ltd | Grease composition and rolling device |
| CN100558867C (en) * | 2004-02-09 | 2009-11-11 | Ntn株式会社 | Lubricating grease, rolling bearing, velocity joint and rotatable parts |
| JP2005248034A (en) * | 2004-03-04 | 2005-09-15 | Ntn Corp | Grease composition, its preparation method, and antifriction bearing filled with the grease composition |
| JP4451276B2 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2010-04-14 | 日立建機株式会社 | Grease for slide bearing |
| JP4843345B2 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2011-12-21 | Ｎｔｎ株式会社 | Sintered machine parts |
| JP5224571B2 (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2013-07-03 | 協同油脂株式会社 | Grease composition and bearing |
| JP5346491B2 (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2013-11-20 | Ｎｔｎ株式会社 | Grease for high speed bearings |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP2012013167A (en) | 2012-01-19 |
| TWI497000B (en) | 2015-08-21 |
| TW201224312A (en) | 2012-06-16 |
| CN102312922A (en) | 2012-01-11 |
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