JP5503630B2 - 癌の予防または治療のための腫瘍抗原 - Google Patents
癌の予防または治療のための腫瘍抗原 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、2003年5月16日出願の米国特許出願第60/471,119号、および2003年5月16日出願の米国特許出願第60/471,193号に基づく優先権を主張する。
本発明は、ポリペプチドをコードする核酸、ならびに、癌の予防および/または治療におけるその核酸またはポリペプチドの使用に関する。より詳細には、本発明は、癌の免疫療法に使用するための、腫瘍抗原をコードする外来遺伝子の挿入および発現のための改良されたベクターに関する。
一実施形態では、本発明は、癌を予防および/または治療するための、1つ以上の腫瘍抗原(「TA」)に対する免疫応答の誘導または促進に関する。一部の実施形態では、1つ以上のTAは組み合わせることができる。好ましい実施形態では、免疫応答は、たとえば腫瘍抗原をコードする核酸ベクターまたはペプチドまたはポリペプチドの形の腫瘍抗原自体の投与後の、宿主細胞におけるTAの発現の結果として生じる。
別の好ましい変異体は、対象アミノ酸配列組と比較して、1つ以上のシステイン残基が欠失したかまたは別のアミノ酸(たとえば、セリン)で置換された、システイン変異体を含む。システイン変異体は、たとえば不溶性の封入体の単離後に、ポリペプチドを生物学的に活性な立体構造へ再折りたたみしなければならない場合に有用である。システイン変異体は一般的に天然タンパク質よりも少数のシステイン残基を有し、および典型的には、対にならないシステインの結果として生じる相互作用を最小化するために、偶数を有する。
抑制性または負の調節免疫機構をブロックし、結果として免疫応答の促進を生じうることもまた本分野で公知である。たとえば、抗CTLA−4(Shrikant,et al.Immunity,1996,14 : 145−155; Sutmuller,et al.J.Exp.Med.,2001,194: 823−832)、抗CD25(Sutmuller、上記)、抗CD4(Matsui,et al.J.Immunol.,1999,163: 184−193)、融合タンパク質IL13Ra2−Fc(Terabe,et al.Nature Immunol.,2000,1:515−520)、およびその組み合わせ(すなわち、抗CTLA−4および抗CD25、Sutmuller,上記)を用いた処置は、抗腫瘍免疫応答をアップレギュレートすることが示されており、および本発明の実施に適する。
化学治療剤、放射線、抗血管新生化合物、または他の物質もまた、免疫原性標的を用いる癌の治療および/または予防に利用できる(Sebti,et al.Oncogene 2000 Dec 27; 19 (56): 6566−73)。たとえば、転移性乳癌の治療において、有用な化学治療剤は、特にシクロホスファミド、ドキソルビシン、パクリタキセル、ドセタキセル、ナベルビン、カペシタビン、およびマイトマイシンCを含む。たとえば、シクロホスファミド+メトトレキサート+5−フルオロウラシル;シクロホスファミド+ドキソルビシン+5−フルオロウラシル;または、シクロホスファミド+ドキソルビシンを含む、併用化学治療処方もまた有用であることが証明されている。プレドニゾン、タキサン、ナベルビン、マイトマイシンC、またはビンブラスチンといった他の化合物が、さまざまな理由で利用されている。大部分の乳癌患者はエストロゲン受容体陽性(ER+)腫瘍を有し、およびこれらの患者では、内分泌療法(すなわち、タモキシフェン)が化学療法より好ましいそのような患者には、タモキシフェンまたは、第二次治療として、プロゲスチン(酢酸メドロキシプロゲステロンまたは酢酸メゲストロール)が好ましい。アロマターゼ阻害剤(すなわち、レトロゾールといった、アミノグルテチミドおよびその類縁物質)は、腫瘍増殖を維持するために必要なエストロゲンのアベイラビリティを低下させ、および一部の患者において第二次または第三次の内分泌療法に使用しうる。
本発明はまた、癌の治療の「従来でない」方法と組み合わせて利用することができる。たとえば、ある種の嫌気性細菌の投与が腫瘍 増殖を遅らせることを補助しうることが近年実証されている。1つの研究では、Clostridium novyiを改変してファージエピソーム上にある毒素遺伝子を消去し、および直腸結腸腫瘍を有するマウスに投与した(Dang,et al.P.N.A.S.USA,98 (26): 15155−15160,2001)。化学療法と併用して、その処置は動物における腫瘍壊死を引き起こすことが示された。本明細書中で記載される試薬および方法は、そのような治療方法と組み合わせることができる。
好ましいレトロウイルスベクターは、レンチウイルスの誘導体、およびマウスまたは鳥レトロウイルスの誘導体である。適当なレトロウイルスベクターの例は、たとえば、モロニーマウス白血病ウイルス(MoMuLV)、ハーベイマウス肉腫ウイルス(HaMuSV)、マウス乳癌ウイルス(MuMTV)、SIV、BIV、HIVおよびラウス肉腫ウイルス(RSV)を含む。いくつかのレトロウイルスベクターは、複数の外因性核酸配列を組み込むことができる。組換えレトロウイルスは不完全であるため、それらは感染性ベクター粒子を生じるためには補助を必要とする。この補助は、たとえば、レトロウイルス構造遺伝子をコードするヘルパー細胞株によって提供することができる。適当なヘルパー細胞株は、特に、T2、PA317およびPA12を含む。そのような細胞株を用いて作製したベクター粒子を、次いで、NIH3T3細胞のような組織細胞株を感染させるのに使用し、大量のキメラレトロウイルス粒子を生じることができる。レトロウイルスベクターは、従来の方法(すなわち注射)によって、または標的細胞集団の近傍への「産生細胞株」の移植によって投与することができる(Culver,K.,et al.,1994,Hum.GeneTher.,5 (3):343−79 ; Culver,K.,et al.,Cold Spring Harb.Symp.Quant.Biol.,59: 685−90); Oldfield,E.,1993,Hum.Gene Ther.,4(1):39−69)。産生細胞株は、ウイルスベクターを産生し、およびウイルス粒子を標的細胞付近に放出するように操作されている。放出されたウイルス粒子の一部は標的細胞と接触しおよびそれらの細胞に感染し、そのようにして本発明の核酸を標的細胞へ送る。標的 細胞の感染後、ベクターの核酸の発現が起こる。
ポックスウイルスは別の有用な発現ベクターである(Smith,et al.1983,Gene,25(1) : 21−8; Moss,et al,1992,Biotechnology,20: 345−62; Moss,et al,1992,Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol.,158 : 25−38; Moss,et al.1991.Science,252: 1662−1667)。有用であることが示されているポックスウイルスは、特に、ワクシニア、NYVAC、アビポックス、鶏痘、カナリヤポックス、ALVAC、およびALVAC(2)を含む。
滅菌注射用水性または油性懸濁液といった注射用調製物は、公知の方法に従って、適当な分散剤または湿潤剤および懸濁剤を用いて処方することができる。注射用調製物はまた、無毒性の非経口的に許容しうる希釈剤または溶媒中の滅菌注射用液または懸濁液でありうる。使用できる適当な媒体および溶媒は、特に、水、リンゲル液、および等張塩化ナトリウム溶液である。たとえば、ポックスウイルスといったウイルスベクターを0.4%NaCl中に処方することができる。加えて、滅菌不揮発性油が従来、溶媒または懸濁媒として用いられている。この目的には、合成モノまたはジグリセリドを含むどのブランドの不揮発性油も用いることができる。加えて、オレイン酸といった脂肪酸は注射剤の調製に用いられる。
AAC2腫瘍関連抗原
AAC2コード配列の1つの型(AAC2−1)が共同研究者によって提供され、およびマウスbcl−6関連亜鉛フィンガータンパク質(「BAZF」)と高い配列類似性を有することが見出された。この配列情報に基づいて、PCRプライマーを下記の通り設計した:
CACCATGGGT TCCCCCGCCGCCCCGGA(順方向プライマー;配列番号6)
CTAGGGCCCC CCGAGAATGT GGTAGTGCAC TTT(逆方向プライマー;配列番号7)
RNAは、集密状態のHUVEC(BioWhittacker;品番CC2517、ロット番号1F0141)培養からトリアゾールを用いて、取扱説明書に従って単離された(Life Technologies,Inc.,品番15596)。高信頼性RT−PCRを次いでその順方向および逆方向プライマーを用いて実施し(94度、2分;94度、30秒;56.8度、30秒;68度、1分40秒で24サイクル;25回目のサイクルは68度、7分)、1,447塩基対cDNAの単離を結果として生じた。cDNAをpEF6−TOPO真核発現プラスミドへクローニングし、および「pEF6−hAAC2−2」と称した。cDNApEF6−hAAC2−2を、4種類のプライマーを用いて配列決定し、および、AAC2−1およびマウスBAZFの配列と整列した(図1)。図に示す通り、AAC2−2は、AAC2−1の245位に見出されるセリン残基(S)を欠く。次に、AAC2−2の298位から316位のアミノ酸17個の一連(SEFFSCQNCEAVAGCSS)は、AAC2−1のアミノ酸298〜316と11.8%の配列同一性だけを示した(図1)。興味深いことに、298位から316位のアミノ酸17個の一連はマウスBAZFと100%同一であり、これが長いセリン鎖に伴う転写因子機能(亜鉛フィンガー)に決定的でありうることを示唆する。AAC2−2は次いでpcDNA3.1−zeo真核発現プラスミドへクローニングされた(「pcDNA3.1−hAAC2−2」)。
AAC2ペプチドに対するヒトT細胞反応性
AAC2−2アミノ酸配列を用いて、HLA−A−0201と結合することが予測される9量体ペプチドのライブラリを構築した(表3;「N」はその配列がマウスホモログ中に見出されないことを示し、一方、「Y」はそのがマウスホモログ中に見出されることを示す)。23のペプチドをDMSOに10mg/mlにて溶解し(表4)、およびヒトPBMC培養に用いてCD8およびCD4apT細胞応答をin vitroで誘導する能力を試験した。
AAC2−2のin vivo免疫原性
HLA−A2−Kb遺伝子導入マウスにDNA免疫を用いて、AAC2−2タンパク質は処理されて免疫原性ペプチドとなり、およびHLA−A−0201制限T細胞応答をin vivoで誘導することができることが見出された。マウスは1日目にpEF6−hAAC2−2を用いた注射によって免疫し、および同じプラスミドを用いて21日目に追加免疫した。リンパ球を、免疫したマウスから追加免疫の21日後に採取し、および表4に示すさまざまな群のAAC2−2ペプチドを用いてin vitroで再刺激した。これらのペプチドに対するペプチド特異的エフェクターT細胞機能を、IFN−γELISPOT分析を用いて見出した(図3)。ヒト培養PBMCにおいて強く免疫原性であることが以前に示された同じプールのペプチド(群6)がまた、DNAワクチン接種後にT細胞による顕著な反応性を導いたことが見出された(図3)。このように、DNAを基礎とするワクチンとして投与されたAAC2遺伝子産物はin vivoで免疫原性であり、およびCTL活性の活性化で特徴づけられる強い細胞媒介性免疫応答を誘導する。
治療用AAC2−2ワクチン
AAC2−2遺伝子産物に対するpEF6−hAAC2−2DNAワクチンを用いる治療用ワクチン接種は、固形腫瘍の増殖を完全に遮断することが見出された。C57BL/6マウス8個体の群に、活発なおよび相対的に非免疫原性の腫瘍細胞株であるB16F10黒色腫細胞104個を皮下に負荷した。マウスを次いで、腫瘍負荷の6日後に開始して週間隔で免疫した。flu−NPタンパク質をコードするプラスミドまたは生理食塩水単独のどちらかを用いて処理した対照マウス(群当たり8個体)はすべて大きい腫瘍を生じた。対照的に、pEF6−hAAC2−2で免疫したマウスのすべて(8/8)は、50日の期間にわたって検出可能な腫瘍が無かった(図4)。すべてのマウスは80日間を通じて腫瘍が無いままであった(データ記載せず)。図5は、黒色腫移植後の、記載のさまざまなDNAベクターで処理したマウスの生存をプロットし、ふたたび黒色腫増殖に対するマウスの保護におけるAAC2−2ワクチン接種の完全な有効性を示す。ヒトAAC2−2遺伝子をコードするベクターを用いた免疫の結果として、有害な健康上の作用は観察されていない(免疫したマウスは対照マウスと同程度に活動的であり、および体重減少を示さなかった)。
BFA4腫瘍抗原
BFA4配列は、以前は何らかの種類の癌に原因づけられる機能が無かった既知の転写因子である「trichorhinophalangeal syndrome1」(TRPS−1) 遺伝子 (Genebank ID番号6684533 ; Momeniet et al,Nature Genetics,24(1),71−74,2000)であることが見出された。BFA4cDNA配列を図7に示し(配列番号28)、および推論されるアミノ酸配列を図8に示す(配列番号29)。
監視目的で、ウサギ抗BFA4ポリクローナル抗体を作製した。BFA4に対する抗体反応を誘導するために、下記の6種類のペプチド(22量体)を設計および合成した:
CLP 2589 MVRKKNPPLRNVASEGEGQILE BFA4(1-22)(配列番号78)
CLP 2590 SPKATEETGQAQSGQANCQGLS BFA4(157-178)(配列番号79)
CLP 2591 VAKPSEKNSNKSIPALQSSDSG BFA4(371-392)(配列番号80)
CLP 2592 NHLQGSDGQQSVKESKEHSCTK BFA4(649-670)(配列番号81)
CLP 2593 NGEQIIRRRTRKRLNPEALQAE BFA4(940-961)(配列番号82)
CLP 2594 ANGASKEKTKAPPNVKNEGPLNV BFA4(1178-1199)(配列番号83)
ウサギをペプチドで免疫し、血清を単離し、および下記の抗体力価が観察された:
BFA4(1-22) KLH-MVRKKNPPLRNVASEGEGQILE (CLP-2589;(配列番号78))
BFA4(157-178) KLH-SPKATEETGQAQSGQANCQGLS (CLP-2590;(配列番号79))
BFA4(371-392) KLH-VAKPSEKNSNKSIPALQSSDSG (CLP-2591;(配列番号80))
BFA4(649-670) KLH-NHLQGSDGQQSVKESKEHSCTK (CLP-2592;(配列番号81))
BFA4(940-961) KLH-NGEQIIRRRTRKRLNPEALQAE (CLP-2593;(配列番号82))
BFA4(1178-1200) KLH-ANGASKEKTKAPPNVKNEGPLNV (CLP-2594;(配列番号83))
pcDNA3.2BFA4(3.6mg)はまた、ニワトリにおいてポリクローナル血清を生じるためのDNA免疫に用いた。
BFA4に関する完全なcDNA配列は〜10kbであり、および遺伝子はBT474腺管癌細胞で発現される。RT−PCRによる4kb,7kbまたは10kb産物の増幅によって完全長BFA4遺伝子を増幅するために、プライマー7717(順方向プライマー)および7723(逆方向プライマー)を設計した
プライマー7717:BFA4−BamHl/Fl(5'末端順方向)、Kozakを伴う:
5'CGGGATCCACCATGGTCCGGAAAAAGAACCCC 3' (DNA3.1についてBamHI,MP76)(配列番号84)
プライマー7723:BFA4−BamHI/R1(3'末端逆方向4kb):
5'CGGGATCCCTCTTTAGGTTTTCCATTTTTTTCCAC 3' (DNA3.1についてBamHI,MP76)(配列番号85)
BT−474細胞からTrizolを用いて取扱説明書に従って(Gibco BRL)異なるバッチで単離および凍結された総RNA10mgをRT−PCRで用い、BFA4遺伝子を増幅した。RT−PCR条件は、Taq Platinum 高信頼性酵素、OPC(オリゴ精製カートリッジ; Applied Biosystems)精製プライマーおよび精製総RNA/ポリA mRNA(BT474細胞)を用いて最適化した。最適化の結果として、単一バンドで4.0kb断片を生じた。
終止コドンがpcDNA3.1/Zeo/BFA4構造(JB−3707−3−2)中のクローニングされた配列の終わり近くに導入された。独自のEcoR1部位を開き、および挿入してBFA4コード配列と共に終止コドンをフレーム内に導入した。いくつかの推定されるクローンがEcoR1部位の消失によって同定されたが、しかし3個のクローン(JB−3756−1−2;JB−3756−3−1;およびJB−3756−4−1)が配列決定された。3個すべては挿入の部分について正しいことが見出された。クローンJB−3756−3−1は正しい配列および方向を有することが同定された。
1.ポックスウイルスベクターからの発現
pSD554VC(COPAK/H6;JB−3707−1−7)ベクターを用いてNYVAC−BFA4ウイルスを作製した。In vitro組換えを、プラスミドCOPAK/H6/BFA4およびNYVACを用いてRK13/CEF細胞で実施した。NYVAC−BFA4(vP2033−NYVAC−RK13)を作製し、およびストック終濃度1.12x109/ml(10ml)での3回の濃縮の完了後、P3レベルへ増幅した。Vero細胞をNYVAC−BFA4にM.O.I.0.5pfu/細胞にて感染させた。BFA4タンパク質の発現を確認するために、細胞溶解物および培地を感染の24時間後に採取した。濃縮した培地の1/20および溶解物の1/40をウェスタンブロットに負荷し、およびBFA4ペプチドCLP2589、2591、2598および2594(抗BFA4抗血清のペプチド配列および調製については上記参照)に対するウサギ抗血清と共にインキュベートした。約120kDのバンドが、NYVAC−BFA4感染Vero細胞の溶解物および濃縮培地の両方に見られ、これはVero対照細胞(「ブランク感染」)、親NYVACウイルスに感染したVero細胞、または濃縮培地のどれにも見られなかった。
pcDNAを基礎とするベクターからのBFA4の発現を証明するため、およびBFA4ペプチドに対して作製したポリクローナル血清の品質を分析するため、一過性トランスフェクション試験を実施した。下記の構造を用いてBFA4遺伝子の発現を試験した:pcDNA3.1zeoR/BFA4、pMP76/BFA4、pcDNA3.1zeoR/BFA4/Myc tagおよび pcDNA 3.1 zeoR/BFA4/MycHis tag。BFA4発現プラスミド(5μgおよび10μg)をpGL3ルシフェラーゼ(1□g)(Promega)と、Geneポーター試薬(Gene Therapy Systems)をトランスフェクション 試薬として用いて同時トランスフェクションした。トランスフェクション後48時間で、全細胞抽出物を、細胞を細胞溶解試薬(200μl)中にかき取りおよび1サイクルの凍結融解(−20℃凍結、37℃融解)によって調製した。トランスフェクション効率は、相対ルシフェラーゼ単位(RLU)を2連で測定することでルシフェラーゼレポーター遺伝子の発現を分析することにより定量した。同様のRLU値が、BFA4発現ベクターの存在下および非存在下でルシフェラーゼ構造を同時トランスフェクションした試料で得られた。異なる量(5μgおよび10μg)のBFA4発現ベクターについて毒性またはRLU値に有意差は観察されなかった。アルカリホスファターゼ系を使用しCHOK1細胞抽出物(pCDNA3.1/zeo/BFA4/MycHisTag)および抗BFA4ポリクローナル抗血清を用いた予備ウェスタンブロット分析は、BFA4ベクターでトランスフェクションされた細胞の抽出物中に、約120kDaバンドにバンドを証明した。
pCDNA3.1/BFA4由来のN−末端54kDaBFDA4をコードするBamHI−Xho−1断片(1.5Kbp)断片をpGEX4T1−6His(Veritas)プラスミドにクローニングした。このベクターは、tacプロモーター、その後にN−末端グルタチオンS−トランスフェラーゼ(GST−26kDa)およびGST融合タンパク質のC末端に6ヒスチジンタグを含む。
1.BFA4ペプチド
BFA4に対する遺伝子免疫ベクターに加えて、BFA4に対する免疫試薬が作製されている。BFA4遺伝子産物の範囲にわたる九量体ペプチド100種類のライブラリが合成された。ペプチドは、HLA−A*0201と結合する潜在能力に基づいて選択された。表5は、HLA−A*0201に対する、BFA4タンパク質に由来する試験した100種類の九量体ペプチドエピトープを列記する(下記参照):
BFA4ペプチドを、免疫試験のために7〜10種類のペプチドを含む別々のプールに群分けした。溶解したペプチドプールを自家HLA−A*0201樹状細胞にパルスし、および自家T細胞濃縮PBMC調製物を活性化するために用いた。各ペプチドプール刺激培養に由来する活性化T細胞を、CD40L活性化自家B細胞を用いてさらに3〜5回再刺激した。IFN−γELISPOT分析およびペプチドパルスした標的細胞のCTL傷害についての検定を、BFA4に由来するこれらのエピトープの免疫原性を実証するために実施した。
pcDNA3.1/Zeo−BFA4プラスミドを用いて、マウスKbα3ドメインに融合したハイブリッドHLA−A*0201α1α2ドメインをC57BL/6マウスで発現している遺伝子導入マウス(A2−Kbマウス)を免疫した。DNA免疫および活性化された脾臓細胞の採取後の、プールしたペプチドの群を用いたIFN−γELISPOT分析は、いくつかの反応性BFA4ペプチド群を明らかにした。これらの群の一部(特に群7および8)はまた、培養ヒトT細胞において強く反応し、ペプチドの重なり合う群がヒトT細胞によって認識され、およびワクチン接種後に自然に処理されHLA−A2上に提示されることを示唆した。
BCY1腫瘍抗原
BCY1遺伝子は、「後側発現物質(posterior−expressed maternal)遺伝子−3」(PEM−3)と呼ばれCaenorhabtidis elegans胚における後側から前側のパターン化に関与する線虫遺伝子と相同である部分オープンリーディングフレーム(ORF)として検出された。この遺伝子の癌への関与は以前に記録されていない。
部分DNA配列がBCY1について最初に決定された。プライマー9616SXCおよび9617SXCは、BCY I部分DNA 配列に由来し、およびBCY IをRT−PCRによってCalu 6 総RNAからクローニングするために設計されている。プライマーは、下記の通り、PCR産物が両端にBamHI部位を有しおよびATG開始コドンおよびKozak配列を5'末端に有するように設計された:
9616SXC: 5′ CAGTACGGATCCACCATGGCCGAGCTGCGCCTGAAGGGC 3 (配列番号183)
9617SXC: 5′ CCACGAGGATCCTTAGGAGAATATTCGGATGGCTTGCG 3′(配列番号184)
1.2 Kbの予想単位複製配列が、最適化された条件下でThermoScript RT−PCR System(Invitrogen)を用いて得られた。3回の別々のRT−PCRに由来するPCR産物をBamHIで消化し、および別々にpcDNA3.1/Zeo(+)に挿入した。結果として生じるクローンは、最初のRT−PCRからMC50A6、MC50A8およびMC50A19;2回目のRT−PCRからMC54.21およびMC55.29;および、3回目のRT−PCRからMC55.32であった。下記のプライマーをクローンの配列決定に使用した:
9620MC: 5′ TAATACGACTCACTATAGGG 3′(配列番号185)
9621MC: 5′ TAGAAGGCACAGTCGAGG 3′(配列番号186)
9618MC: 5′ GAAAACGACTTCCTGGCGGGGAG 3′(配列番号187)
9619MC: 5′ GCTCACCCAGGCGTGGGGCCTC 3′(配列番号188)
6個すべてのクローンのDNA配列決定は、図10に示す通りの、元の部分BCY1配列とは下記の差を有する共通配列(配列番号30)を示した:結果としてAlaからGlyへのアミノ酸置換を生じる1031位のCからGへの置換;結果としてThr欠失を生じる1032〜1034位のGC欠失;および、ThrからAlaへのアミノ酸置換を生じる1177位のAからGへの置換。クローンMC50A8およびMC55.29は共通配列と同一である。BCY1のアミノ酸配列を図10(配列番号31)に示す。
B.BCY1乳癌抗原に対する免疫試薬:
BCY1遺伝子産物の範囲にわたる九量体ペプチド100種類のライブラリが合成された。ペプチドはHLA−A*0201と結合する潜在能力に基づいて選択された。表8は、HLA−A*0201に対する、BCY1タンパク質に由来する試験した100種類の九量体ペプチドエピトープを列記する(下記参照):
BCY1に由来する100種類のペプチドのライブラリを、免疫試験のために7〜10種類のペプチドを含む10群に分けた。溶解したペプチドプールを自家HLA−A*0201樹状細胞にパルスし、および自家T細胞濃縮PBMC調製物を活性化するために用いた。各ペプチドプール刺激培養に由来する活性化T細胞を、CD40L活性化自家B細胞を用いてさらに3〜5回再刺激した。IFN−γELISPOT分析およびペプチドパルスした標的細胞のCTL傷害についての検定を、BCY1に由来するこれらのエピトープの免疫原性を実証するために実施した。
BFA5/NYBR−1乳癌抗原
A.BFA5の同定
マイクロアレイプロファイリング分析は、52の正常非腫瘍組織のパネルと比較して、BFA5が、乳房腫瘤生検試料54のうち41で(76%)低〜高レベルで、および乳房腫瘤54のうち31で(57%)高レベルで発現したことを示した。In situハイブリダイゼーション(ISH)を、一連のBFA5DNAプローブを用いて実施し、およびそのマイクロアレイを腫瘍の少なくとも61%について非常に強いシグナルを示して確認した。さらなるバイオインフォマティクス評価は、これらの遺伝子発現分析結果の結果を支持した。
ヒトT細胞の活性化およびELISPOTにおけるIFN−γ分泌。
ポリクローナル抗血清を、BFA5の下記の一連の22〜23量体ペプチドに対して作製した:
9620MC: 5′ TAATACGACTCACTATAGGG 3′
9621MC: 5′ TAGAAGGCACAGTCGAGG 3′
9618MC: 5′ GAAAACGACTTCCTGGCGGGGAG 3′
9619MC: 5′ GCTCACCCAGGCGTGGGGCCTC 3′
ウサギからの予備採血試料を処理しおよび−20℃にて保存した。ウサギを下記の通り免疫した:1)ペプチドをフロイント完全アジュバント(FCA)とのエマルジョンとして投与した;および、2)2週間後、ペプチドをスカシ貝ヘモシアニン(KLH)と結合し、およびフロイント不完全アジュバントFIAとのエマルジョンとして投与した。下記の結果が観察された:
BCZ4腫瘍抗原
A.BCZ4配列
BCZ4配列は、乳癌試料において過剰発現された配列として検出された。BCZ4のヌクレオチド配列および推論されるアミノ酸配列を、図15、配列番号34(BCZ4cDNA)、および配列番号35(BCZ4アミノ酸配列)に示す。
BCZ4遺伝子産物の範囲にわたる九量体ペプチド100種類のライブラリが合成された。ペプチドは、HLA−A*0201と結合する潜在能力に基づいて選択された。表13は、HLA−A*0201に対する、BCZ4タンパク質に由来する試験した100種類の九量体ペプチドエピトープを列記する(下記参照):
AP10で表されるHLA−A2.1陽性ドナーに由来するヒトPBMCを、BCZ4抗原に由来する9量体ペプチドの異なるプール(一覧は表13を参照)を用いてパルスした自家樹状細胞を用いて活性化した。活性化T細胞を、12日後に、同一の各ペプチドプールを用いてパルスした自家CD40−リガンド活性化B細胞を用いてさらに8〜10日間再刺激した。この二次刺激をさらに、計3回の刺激を繰り返した。活性化T細胞を3回目の刺激後に単離し、および示す通り(図16A)、各BCZ4ペプチドプールに対するヒトIFN−γ産生についてのELISPOT分析に供した。図16Aでは、青色の棒はBCZ4ペプチドプールに対する反応性を、および赤色の棒は陰性対照としてHLA−A2.1−結合HIVペプチドについて示す。陽性対照CMVおよびfluに対するHLA−A2.1−結合記憶抗原ペプチドを実験で陽性対照として用いた。標準偏差を表示する。実験を、追加のもう1回のペプチド刺激後の活性化T細胞について繰り返し、同様の結果を得た。
BCZ4を、pSporty/BCZ4というプラスミドをテンプレートとして用いて、Platinum Taq(Invitrogen)を用いてPCR増幅した。増幅条件は下記の通り:1)94℃2分;2)94℃30秒、53℃30秒、67℃2.5分のサイクル35回;および、3)67℃7分。PCRプライマーは、EcoRI制限部位を含み、およびORFに直接隣接する(すなわち、無関係な配列が無い)ように設計した。プライマー配列は下記の通り:AS032F(順方向プライマー)5'GGAATTCAACATGGACATTGAAGCATATCTTGAAAGAATTG 3'(配列番号591) AS034R (逆方向 プライマー) 5'GGAATTCCTGGTGAGCTGGATGACAAATAGAC AAGATTG3'(配列番号592)。Kozak配列もまた順方向プライマーに含まれた。pcDNA3.1/Zeo (+) をEcoRIで切断し、および自己ライゲーションを防ぐためにCIPを用いて処理した。BCZ4単位複製配列を次いでEcoRI消化pcDNA3.1/Zeo(+)にライゲーションした。配列決定は、予測BCZ4配列に合致する1個のクローン(AS−579−5)を与えた。BCZ4タンパク質を次いで、この発現ベクターから標準的方法を用いて発現した。
BFY3腫瘍抗原
A.BFY3配列
BFY3配列が、過剰発現された配列として乳癌試料中に検出された。BFY3w/EcoRI末端の、HTB131総RNAからの、AS007F(順方向プライマー)5'GGAATTCACCATGCTTTGGAAATTGACGGAT 3'(配列番号593)およびAS010R(逆方向プライマー)5'GGAATTCCTCACTTTCTGTGCTTCTCCTCTTTGTCA3'(配列番号594)を用いたRT−PCR増幅を実施した。PCR産物をEcoR1で消化し、および、EcoRI消化しおよびCIP処理したpcDNA3.1/Zeo(+)ベクターへライゲーションによってクローニングした。いくつかの陽性クローンが、制限消化およびAS−391−2一致予測BFY3配列の配列結果によって特定された。BFY3のヌクレオチド配列および推論されるアミノ酸配列を、図17、配列番号36(BFY3cDNA)、および配列番号37(BFY3アミノ酸配列)に示す。
B.BFY3乳癌抗原に対する免疫試薬
BFY3遺伝子産物の範囲にわたる九量体ペプチド100種類のライブラリが合成された。ペプチドは、HLA−A*0201と結合する潜在能力に基づいて選択された。表15は、HLA−A*0201に対する、試験したBFY3タンパク質に由来する試験した100種類の九量体ペプチドエピトープを列記する(下記参照):
BFY3発現ベクターを構築するために、AS007F(順方向プライマー)5' GGAATTCACCATGCTTTGGAAATTGACGGAT3'(配列番号595)およびAS010R(逆方向プライマー)5' GGAATTCCTCACTTTCTGTGCTTCTCCTCTTTGTCA3'(配列番号596)を用いたHTB131総RNAからのBFY3w/EcoRI末端のRT−PCR増幅を実施した。PCRは標準的方法を用いて実施した。増幅産物はEcoRIを用いて消化し、およびCIP処理pcDNA3.1/Zeo(+)ベクターへライゲーションによって、標準的方法を用いてクローニングした。いくつかの陽性クローンが、制限消化によって特定されおよび配列決定された。配列決定は、クローンAS−391−2の配列が、予想されるBFY3配列とマッチしたことを示した。BFY3タンパク質が次いでBFY3発現ベクターを用いて標準的方法を用いて発現された。
複数の腫瘍抗原をコードする発現ベクター
一部の場合には、複数の腫瘍抗原をコードする発現ベクターを構築するのが好ましい可能性がある。抗原の一定の組み合わせが、単一の発現ベクターと組み合わせた場合、単一のベクターで多数の患者の発現プロファイルを包含することがわかっている。たとえば、異なる患者に由来する乳癌試料の1つの試験は、BFA4およびBFA5の組み合わせが試料の74%の発現プロファイルをカバーし;BCY1およびBFA5の組み合わせが試料の65%をカバーし;BCZ4およびBFA5の組み合わせが試料の69%をカバーし;BFY3およびBFA5の組み合わせが試料の67%をカバーし;BCY1、BFA4およびBFA5の組み合わせが試料の78%をカバーし;BCZ4、BFA4およびBFA5の組み合わせが試料の81%をカバーし;および、BFY3、BFA4、およびBFA5の組み合わせが試料の74%をカバーしたことを示した。したがって、乳癌患者の間で最も一般的な発現プロファイルが単一のベクターを用いて対処されうるように、複数抗原発現構造を構築することができる。そのような複数抗原発現ベクターは、腫瘍抗原配列のそれぞれをコードする核酸を、プロモーターまたは他の転写調節配列の近傍に配置する、標準的なクローニング技術を用いて構築する。発現ベクターは、腫瘍抗原をコードする各ヌクレオチド配列が特異的プロモーターと調節可能に結合するように、または腫瘍抗原が集合的に単一のプロモーターと調節可能に結合しおよび単一の発現単位として発現されうるように、操作することができる。単一の発現単位が構築される場合は、腫瘍抗原配列を発現後に分けるために有用であるヌクレオチド配列を腫瘍抗原配列の間に挿入することができる。有用な配列は、IRES配列、プロテアーゼ切断部位に相当するアミノ酸配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列、などを含む。そのような複数抗原発現ベクターを構築するのに適したベクターは、たとえば、ワクシニア、アビポックス、ALVACおよびNYVACといったポックスウイルスを含む。
1.配列番号34または配列番号36に示される核酸配列;配列番号35または配列番号37に示されるアミノ酸配列をコードする核酸配列;あるいはそれらの断片;を含む発現ベクター。
Claims (2)
- 配列番号391、395、401、417、430および468のいずれか1つにより表される単離ペプチド。
- 少なくとも1つの請求項1記載の単離ペプチド、および医薬的に許容されるキャリヤーを含む組成物。
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- 2004-05-15 WO PCT/US2004/015202 patent/WO2004104039A2/en active Application Filing
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- 2004-05-15 JP JP2006529369A patent/JP2008518583A/ja active Pending
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CA2527640A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
WO2004104039A2 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
JP5363446B2 (ja) | 2013-12-11 |
WO2004104039A8 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
CN1910198B (zh) | 2013-07-31 |
CN1910198A (zh) | 2007-02-07 |
JP2008518583A (ja) | 2008-06-05 |
CN102964426A (zh) | 2013-03-13 |
JP2011067207A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
JP2012110328A (ja) | 2012-06-14 |
CN102964426B (zh) | 2014-11-26 |
US20130011422A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
CA2527640C (en) | 2012-11-27 |
US20100278848A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
US8207314B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 |
EP1631585A1 (en) | 2006-03-08 |
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