JP5501149B2 - Phase control device, battery charging device, and phase control method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a phase control device, a battery charging device, and a phase control method.

  A battery charging device used in a motorcycle or the like converts a three-phase AC output voltage output from a three-phase AC generator (hereinafter also simply referred to as “AC generator”) rotated from the engine side into a forward conversion (AC / DC). Conversion) to obtain a DC output voltage, and a charging current is supplied to the battery by the DC output voltage. In this case, in order to efficiently charge the battery, in order to control the power generation amount of the AC generator, the advance / retard angle control of the energization timing in the rectifier circuit that performs forward conversion is performed.

  The advance / retard control is performed by moving the energization timing of the switching element constituting the rectifier in the battery charger to the advance side or the retard side with respect to the phase of the AC output voltage of the AC generator. The power generation amount of the AC generator is controlled. In this advance / retard control, when the battery voltage is lower than the reference voltage and the battery needs to be charged, the battery charger is retarded (battery charged), and the battery voltage is charged higher than the reference voltage. If the battery charger is not required, the battery charger is set to advance control (a state in which energy is discharged from the battery to the AC generator).

In this advance / retard angle control, the battery charger combined with the conventional three-phase AC magnet type three-phase AC generator detects the phase of the output voltage of each phase necessary for the advance / retard angle control by applying a magnetic field. Switching elements (Field Effect Transistor or Silicon Controlled) are performed using signals from elements that convert to current (Hall elements, etc.) or subcoils (auxiliary winding for AC output voltage detection) wound in parallel with each phase winding. Rectifier) energization timing was controlled. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a magnet position detecting device (a rotor magnetic field detector) or a sub coil for each phase.
For example, in Patent Document 1, a subcoil is provided in the U phase of an AC generator, and a signal synchronized with the AC output voltage of each phase of the U phase, V phase, and W phase is generated by a U, V, W phase voltage detection circuit. A technique for performing advance / retard angle control by controlling the energization timing of the switching elements (FETs) Q1 to Q6 by a control circuit on the basis of the synchronization signal is disclosed.

Republished patent WO2007 / 114272

  However, conventionally, in order to perform advance / retard control, it is necessary to provide a subcoil in any phase of the AC generator, or to provide a magnet position detection device. As a result, it was expensive. In addition, when a magnet position detection device such as a hall element is provided, a power supply circuit is required in addition to the power supply of the control circuit, and a circuit for controlling the power supply circuit is also required, which further increases the size and complexity. . In addition, when a battery charging device that does not perform phase control is changed to a battery charging device that has a configuration that performs phase control, a magnet position detection device such as a Hall element will be attached later, which requires significant improvements. There has been a problem that the alternator is increased in size and complexity.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to energize a switching element of a rectifying unit that is connected to an AC generator and converts AC power output from the AC generator into DC power. In the phase control device that controls the advance / retard angle with respect to the phase of the AC output voltage of the three-phase AC generator, the timing of the U phase, V phase, and W phase can be provided without providing a sub-coil or a magnet position detection device An object of the present invention is to provide a phase control device that generates a signal synchronized with the AC output voltage of each phase. Another object of the present invention is to simplify and miniaturize the structure of the alternator and reduce costs when the phase control device performs advance / retard control of the three-phase alternator. Another object is to provide a phase control device.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides the timing of energization of the switching element of the rectifying unit configured as a bridge that converts AC power output from a three-phase AC generator composed of U, V, and W phases into DC power. A phase control device that performs advance / retard control by advancing or retarding the phase of the AC output voltage of the three-phase AC generator, the rotor being generated by the rotation of the rotor of the three-phase AC generator A phase difference between a reference AC voltage indicating the rotation frequency of the three-phase AC generator and a one-phase AC output voltage of the three-phase AC generator, and a signal synchronized with the reference AC voltage based on the calculated phase difference A reference signal generating means for generating a reference signal by multiplying the delayed signal by three times the ratio of the frequency of the one-phase AC output voltage to the frequency of the reference AC voltage, and the reference signal The In addition, a U, V, W phase voltage generating means for generating a three-phase synchronization signal composed of U, V, W phases, a signal of a differential voltage between the output voltage on the DC power side of the rectifier and a predetermined target, An advance angle / retard angle calculating means for obtaining an advance angle / retard angle amount of the energization timing of the switching element based on the synchronization signal of each phase output from the U, V, W phase voltage generating means; And an advance angle / retard angle control means for performing advance angle / retard angle control of the switching element based on an advance angle / retard angle amount obtained by an angle / retard angle calculating means.

  Further, the reference signal generating means includes a reference square wave generating circuit that generates a first pulse signal synchronized with the reference AC voltage, and a first phase signal synchronized with an AC output voltage of any one of the three-phase AC generators. A phase coil voltage generation circuit for generating a pulse signal of 2 and a phase difference between the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal at the start of operation of the three-phase AC generator, and the calculated phase difference A phase adjustment circuit for delaying the first pulse signal based on the first pulse signal, and a ratio of the delayed first pulse signal to the ratio of the frequency of the second pulse signal to the frequency of the first pulse signal And a stage switching timing signal generation circuit that generates the reference signal by multiplying the reference signal, and the U, V, and W phase voltage generation means uses k (k ≧ 1 natural number) as the first ( 6k-5) th Pal A U-phase synchronization signal that is a signal that rises in synchronization with the rising edge of the reference signal and falls in synchronization with the falling edge of the (6k-2) -th pulse of the reference signal is generated. ) A V-phase synchronization signal that is a signal that rises in synchronization with the rise of the (6k) th pulse and falls in synchronization with the fall of the (6k) th pulse of the reference signal is generated. -4) A W-phase synchronization signal that is a signal that falls in synchronization with the falling edge of the pulse and rises in synchronization with the (6k-1) th rising edge of the reference signal is generated.

  According to the present invention, in the phase control device, when the advance / retard angle control of the switching element is performed by the advance / retard angle amount obtained by the advance / retard angle calculating means, and the retard control is performed. In addition, when the retardation amount exceeds a retardation limit value, an advance / retard angle control means for performing retardation control of the switching element by the retardation limit value is provided.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the phase control device described above and a rectification unit whose energization timing is controlled by the phase control device, and charging a battery connected to an output voltage on the DC power side of the rectification unit. It is a battery charger.

  The advance / retard angle calculating means includes a synchronous triangular wave generation circuit that generates a triangular wave synchronized with a rectangular wave of each phase output from the U, V, and W phase voltage generation circuit, a voltage of the battery, and a predetermined voltage. An error amplifier that compares the target voltage and outputs an error signal, and a comparison circuit that obtains an advance / retard amount by comparing the triangular wave output from the synchronous triangle wave generation circuit with the output of the error amplifier, The synchronous triangular wave generation circuit generates a triangular wave synchronized with a rectangular wave of each phase output from the U, V, W phase voltage generation circuit, outputs the triangular wave to the comparison circuit, and generates the generated U, V, A first U-phase triangular wave, a first V-phase triangular wave, and a first W-phase triangular wave obtained by shifting a triangular wave corresponding to each W phase (respectively, a second U-phase triangular wave, a second V-phase triangular wave, and a second W-phase triangular wave) by 180 °. Before generating When the advance / retard amount is obtained, the comparison circuit calculates the advance / retard amount of the U phase as the first U-phase triangle wave output from the synchronous triangle wave generation circuit and the The second U-phase triangular wave is compared with the error amplifier output, and the V-phase advance / retard amount is calculated from the first V-phase triangular wave and the second V-phase triangular wave output from the synchronous triangular wave generation circuit, The W-phase advance / retard amount is obtained by comparing the error amplifier output with the first W-phase triangular wave and the second W-phase triangular wave output from the synchronous triangular wave generating circuit, and the error amplifier output. It is obtained by comparison.

  Further, the comparison circuit compares the first U-phase triangular wave and the error amplifier output to determine the ON timing of the switching element corresponding to the U-phase provided on the DC power side of the rectifier unit. Corresponding to the U phase provided on the DC power side of the rectifying unit by obtaining the OFF timing of the switching element corresponding to the U phase provided on the ground side, comparing the second U phase triangular wave and the error amplifier output The switching element is turned off, the switching element corresponding to the U phase provided on the ground side of the rectifier is turned on, the first V-phase triangular wave and the error amplifier output are compared, and the rectifier The on-timing of the switching element corresponding to the V phase provided on the DC power side of the switching element is set to the off timing of the switching element corresponding to the V phase provided on the ground side of the rectifying unit. The second V-phase triangular wave and the error amplifier output are compared, and the off-timing of the switching element corresponding to the V-phase provided on the DC power side of the rectifier unit is set to the ground side of the rectifier unit. The switching element corresponding to the W phase provided on the DC power side of the rectifying unit is obtained by determining the ON timing of the switching element corresponding to the provided V phase and comparing the first W phase triangular wave with the error amplifier output. The ON timing of the switching element corresponding to the W phase provided on the ground side of the rectifying unit is obtained, the second W phase triangular wave is compared with the error amplifier output, and the DC power of the rectifying unit is compared. The off timing of the switching element corresponding to the W phase provided on the side is set to the on timing of the switching element corresponding to the W phase provided on the ground side of the rectifying unit. Seeking, characterized in that.

  In addition, the present invention provides the three-phase AC power generation timing of the energization timing of the switching element of the rectifying unit configured as a bridge that converts AC power output from a three-phase AC generator including U, V, and W phases into DC power. A phase control method in a phase control device that performs advance / retard control by advancing or retarding the phase of the AC output voltage of the machine, wherein the rotation of the rotor generated by the rotation of the rotor of the three-phase AC generator A phase difference between a reference AC voltage indicating a frequency and an AC output voltage of any one of the three-phase AC generators is calculated, and a signal synchronized with the reference AC voltage is delayed based on the calculated phase difference. A reference signal generation procedure for generating the reference signal by multiplying the delayed signal by three times the ratio of the frequency of the one-phase AC output voltage to the frequency of the reference AC voltage; In addition, a U, V, W phase voltage generation procedure for generating a three-phase synchronization signal composed of U, V, W phases, a signal of a differential voltage between the output voltage on the DC power side of the rectifier and a predetermined target, An advance / retard angle calculation procedure for determining an advance angle / retard angle amount of the energization timing of the switching element based on the synchronization signal of each phase output from the U, V, W phase voltage generating means; And a lead angle / retard angle control procedure for performing lead angle / retard angle control of the switching element based on the lead angle / retard angle amount obtained by the angle / retard angle calculating means.

  The reference signal generation procedure includes a reference square wave generation procedure for generating a first pulse signal synchronized with the reference AC voltage, and a first phase signal synchronized with an AC output voltage of any one of the three-phase AC generators. A phase coil voltage generation procedure for generating a pulse signal of 2 and a phase difference between the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal at the start of operation of the three-phase AC generator, and the calculated phase difference A phase adjustment procedure for delaying the first pulse signal based on the first pulse signal, and the delayed first pulse signal by three times the ratio of the frequency of the second pulse signal to the frequency of the first pulse signal And a stage switching timing signal generation procedure for generating the reference signal by multiplying the reference signal, and the U, V, and W phase voltage generation procedure is expressed as k (a natural number of k ≧ 1), 6k-5) th Pal A U-phase synchronization signal that is a signal that rises in synchronization with the rising edge of the reference signal and falls in synchronization with the falling edge of the (6k-2) -th pulse of the reference signal is generated. ) A V-phase synchronization signal that is a signal that rises in synchronization with the rise of the (6k) th pulse and falls in synchronization with the fall of the (6k) th pulse of the reference signal is generated. -4) A procedure for generating a W-phase synchronization signal that is a signal that falls in synchronization with the falling edge of the pulse and rises in synchronization with the (6k-1) -th rising edge of the reference signal. And

  According to the present invention, the reference signal generating means includes the reference AC voltage indicating the rotation frequency of the rotor generated by the rotation of the rotor of the three-phase AC generator, and the AC output of any one phase of the three-phase AC generator. A phase difference with the voltage is calculated, and based on the calculated phase difference, a signal obtained by delaying a signal synchronized with the reference AC voltage is delayed, and the delayed signal is converted into the one-phase AC output voltage. A reference signal is generated by multiplying the frequency by three times the ratio of the reference AC voltage to the frequency. The U, V, and W phase voltage generating means generates a three-phase synchronization signal composed of the U, V, and W phases based on the reference signal. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a phase control device that generates a signal synchronized with the AC output voltage of each phase of U phase, V phase, and W phase without providing a sub-coil or a magnet position detection device. Further, in a battery charging device or the like, the device can be simplified and downsized, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

It is a block diagram which shows the basic structural example of the battery charging device 3 using the phase control apparatus of this invention. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a basic configuration example of a reference signal generation circuit 7 and a three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 shown in FIG. 1. 3 is a timing chart used for explaining operations of the reference signal generation circuit 7 and the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 shown in FIG. It is a wave form diagram which shows the square wave synchronized with the alternating voltage waveform of the U phase of the generator shown by FIG. In the Example of this invention, it is a figure for demonstrating the mechanism which produces | generates a triangular wave. It is a wave form diagram which shows the advance angle control energization timing in the Example of this invention. It is a wave form diagram which shows the retard control energization timing in the Example of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the other Example of the battery charging device using the phase control apparatus of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the setting process of the retard limit value in the Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the setting method of the retard limit value in the Example of this invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration example of a battery charger using a phase control device according to the present invention, and an AC output voltage of a permanent magnet type three-phase AC generator (hereinafter referred to as AC generator 1). This is an example of a battery charger 3 that performs full-wave rectification and charges the battery 2 with its output.
In this battery charger 3, a full-wave rectifier circuit 3 b that rectifies the three-phase AC output from the AC generator 1 has a three-phase bridge configuration of switching elements Q1 to Q6 that are N-channel power MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor FETs). It is said. Then, the phase control device 3a performs the delay angle control for delaying the phase or the advance angle control for advancing the timing (energization timing) of the switching operation of each switching element with respect to the AC output voltage of the AC generator 1. The charging state (or discharging state) of the battery 2 is controlled.

In the phase control device 3 a of the battery charging device 3, the reference signal generation circuit 7 and the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 are features that characterize the present invention. Based on the reference signal generated by the rotation cycle of the AC generator 1, the reference signal generation circuit 7 generates a signal synchronized with each of the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase in the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11. To do.
Details of the configuration and operation of the reference signal generation circuit 7 and the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 will be described later. Hereinafter, an outline of the overall configuration of the battery charger 3 shown in FIG. 1 will be described.

The three-phase AC generator 1 includes a rotor 4 attached to a crankshaft of an engine (internal combustion engine),
The stator 5 is fixed to an engine case or the like.
The rotor 4 includes a rotor yoke (not shown) formed in a cup shape from a ferromagnetic material such as iron, and a plurality of permanent magnets (not shown) attached to the inner periphery of the peripheral wall portion of the rotor yoke. It is a well-known one constituting a field. Although not shown, a boss is provided in the center of the bottom wall portion of the rotor yoke, and this boss is attached to the crankshaft of the engine.
The stator 5 includes an armature core (not shown) having a magnetic pole portion facing the magnetic pole of the rotor 4 and an armature winding wound around the armature core. The armature winding has three phase windings corresponding to each of the U, V, and W phases that are star-connected, and three-phase outputs are output from the end opposite to the neutral point of each phase winding. Has been derived. The derived three-phase outputs are connected to a full-wave rectifier circuit 3b including switching elements Q1 to Q6, respectively.

In general, an engine needs information on a crank angle and information on a rotational speed in order to control its ignition timing and fuel injection. In order to obtain such information, the rotor 4 includes a protrusion 4a called a signal generating reluctator (inductor) on the outer periphery.
The pulsar coil 6 (ignition coil) includes an iron core (not shown) having a magnetic pole portion facing the protrusion 4a (reluctator), a pulsar coil wound around the iron core, and a permanent magnet magnetically coupled to the iron core. . The pulsar coil 6 is pulsed when the protrusion 4a starts to face the magnetic pole of the iron core of the pulsar coil 6 and when the protrusion 4a finishes facing the magnetic pole as the crankshaft of the engine rotates. Outputs a signal (reference AC voltage).

  The reference signal generation circuit 7 (reference signal generation means) is a three-phase pulse signal (reference AC voltage) from the pulsar coil 6 and the three-phase from the stator 5 of the AC generator 1 in a predetermined period immediately after the operation of the AC generator 1. Based on any one of the outputs (one-phase AC output voltage), a stage switching timing signal Pst (reference signal) having a frequency three times that of the one-phase AC output voltage is generated. The three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 (U, V, W phase voltage generation means) generates a rectangular wave signal synchronized with each of the three phases of the AC generator 1 based on the stage switching timing signal Pst. To the three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation circuit 12.

  The three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation circuit 12 generates a triangular wave synchronized with these signals from the three-phase rectangular wave signals output from the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11. This triangular wave is a triangular wave having a voltage value (minimum voltage value) at the start of rising equal to a voltage value (maximum voltage value) at the end of rising (height Vp) regardless of the pulse width of the rectangular wave.

  The error amplifier 13 compares the feedback signal Vfb from the actual battery voltage Vbat with the set value (target value) Vref of the battery charge voltage, amplifies the difference signal, and outputs it as an error amplifier output Vc. The error amplifier output Vc is “Vc> 0” when the battery voltage Vbat is low and “Vfb <Vref”, and “Vc <0” when the battery voltage Vbat is high and “Vfb> Vref”. It becomes. When “Vc> 0”, the battery 2 is charged (retard angle control), and when “Vc <0”, the battery 2 is discharged (advance angle control).

  The comparison circuit (advance / retard angle calculation means) 14 compares the triangular wave output from the three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation circuit 12 with the output Vc of the error amplifier 13, and switches the switching timing (advance / The retardation amount θ) is determined, and the advance / retard amount θ signal is output to the control circuit 20.

  An advance angle / retard angle control circuit 21 (advance angle / retard angle control means) in the control circuit 20 receives a signal of energization timing (advance angle / retard angle amount θ) from the comparison circuit 14, and the switching elements Q1 to Q6. An ON or OFF signal is generated and output to the FET drive signal generation circuit 22. At this time, the retard amount is limited so as not to exceed a predetermined retard limit value.

  The FET drive signal generation circuit 22 receives an ON or OFF signal for the switching elements Q1 to Q6 from the advance or retard control circuit 21, and a drive signal (gate drive signal) for turning the switching elements Q1 to Q6 on or off. Is generated.

The full-wave rectifier circuit 3b includes switching elements Q1 to Q6 configured by a three-phase bridge of FET (Field Effect Transistor). Switching element Q1 is connected between a positive voltage Vbat of battery 2 serving as a DC power source and a U-phase output of AC generator 1, and switching element Q2 is connected to positive voltage Vbat of battery 2 and an AC generator. The switching element Q <b> 3 is connected between the positive voltage Vbat of the battery 2 and the W-phase output of the AC generator 1.
The switching element Q4 is connected between the U-phase output of the AC generator 1 and the ground power supply of the battery 2, and the switching element Q5 is connected between the V-phase output of the AC generator 1 and the ground power supply of the battery 2. The switching element Q6 is connected between the W-phase output of the AC generator 1 and the ground power source of the battery 2.
These switching elements Q <b> 1 to Q <b> 6 are driven by a gate drive signal output from the FET drive signal generation circuit 22.

(Description of the reference signal generation circuit 7 and the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11)
Next, the configuration and operation of the reference signal generation circuit 7 and the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a basic configuration example of the reference signal generation circuit 7 and the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 shown in FIG.
In this reference signal generation circuit 7, either one of the pulse signal (reference AC voltage) from the pulsar coil 6 and the three-phase output from the stator 5 of the AC generator 1 (one-phase AC output voltage). Based on the above, a stage switching timing signal Pst (reference signal) having a frequency three times that of the one-phase AC output voltage is generated. Further, the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 (U, V, W phase voltage generation means) is a rectangular wave signal (U phase synchronization) synchronized with each of the three phases of the AC generator 1 based on the stage switching timing signal. Signal Ru, V-phase synchronization signal Rv, and W-phase synchronization signal Rw) are generated and output to the three-phase synchronization triangular wave generation circuit 12. Here, the synchronized signal means a signal having the same phase and frequency. In the following description, when the rising or falling edge of the signal A is detected and the signal B is raised or lowered, “synchronization” may be used to synchronize with the rising edge or the falling edge.
FIG. 3 is a timing chart used for explaining the operations of the reference signal generation circuit 7 and the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 shown in FIG.

The reference signal generation circuit 7 includes a reference square wave generation circuit 71, a phase coil voltage generation circuit 72, a phase adjustment circuit 73, and a stage switching timing signal generation circuit 74.
As shown in FIG. 2, the reference square wave generating circuit 71 includes an NPN bipolar transistor and the like, and a pulse signal (reference AC voltage) generated by the pulser coil 6 as the engine rotates is a pulse signal Pa that is a DC voltage. (First pulse signal). The pulse signal Pa is a signal synchronized with the pulse signal (reference AC voltage).
Further, the reference square wave generation circuit 71 outputs a pulse signal Pa of one cycle Tpulser shown in FIG.
The pulse signal Pa changes from a low level (L level) to a high level (H level) during a period T of one revolution of the engine, for example, when i number of protrusions 4a in the rotor 4 is provided, and This is a signal that repeats the combination of changes from the H level to the L level i times. FIG. 3 shows a case where i = 6. Here, in the present embodiment, each period of high level (H level) and low level (L level) of a signal is referred to as one pulse. The pulse signal Pa shown in FIG. 3 includes six (i) H-level pulses, i.e., pulses 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11, and an L-level pulse during a period T of one engine revolution. It consists of 6 pieces (i pieces) of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11.
The pulse signal Pa is a signal in which one cycle Tpulser changes in proportion to one cycle T of the engine when the engine speed changes during operation of the engine. In the following description, it is assumed that the protrusions 4a are provided at i places on the rotor 4, and the period Tpulser of the pulse signal Pa is (1 / i) times the period T of one engine revolution.

As shown in FIG. 2, the phase coil voltage generation circuit 72 includes an NPN bipolar transistor and the like, and a U-phase output signal (one-phase AC output voltage) from the stator 5 is converted into a pulse signal Pb (DC voltage). Second pulse signal). Further, the phase coil voltage generation circuit 72 outputs a pulse signal Pb having one cycle Tphase to the phase adjustment circuit 73. The pulse signal Pb is a U-phase zero-cross signal synchronized with the U-phase output signal (one-phase AC output voltage).
FIG. 3 shows a state in which the U phase (one-phase AC output voltage) of the stator 5 repeats a change from a negative voltage to a positive voltage for j cycles during a cycle T of one rotation of the engine. Since the pulse signal Pb is a signal synchronized with a U-phase output signal from the stator 5, as shown in FIG. A combination of a change from level to L level is repeated j times. FIG. 3 shows a case where j = 10, and the pulse signal Pb is an H level pulse of pulses 1, 3, 5, 7, 9,... , 10 (j), and L level pulses are composed of 10 (j) pulses 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,. In the following description, it is assumed that the period Tphase of the pulse signal Pb is (1 / j) times the period T of one engine revolution.

Here, the relationship (frequency and phase) between the pulse signal Pa and the pulse signal Pb immediately after the engine operation and during the engine operation will be described.
As described above, the cycle Tpulser of the pulse signal Pa is (1 / i) times the cycle T of the engine revolution, and the cycle Tphase of the pulse signal Pb is (1 / j) times the cycle T of the engine revolution. is there. The frequency of the pulse signal Pb is the same as the frequency of the U-phase output signal from the stator 5. That is, the ratio of the frequency of the U-phase output signal to the frequency of the pulse signal Pa is (j / i), and this ratio (j / i) is a constant value that does not change during engine operation. Therefore, when the multiplied signal is generated by multiplying the pulse signal Pa by 3 × (j / i) while the engine is operating, and the generated multiplied signal is divided by 1/3, the U phase from the stator 5 during the operation is generated. It is possible to continue to generate a rectangular wave having the same cycle as the output signal (U-phase same cycle signal). That is, it is possible to generate the U-phase same period signal only by using the pulse signal Pa without using the pulse signal Pb during operation of the engine.
During the operation of the engine, the U-phase output signal from the stator 5 is used for phase control, so that the waveform is distorted as compared with the waveform immediately after the engine is operated, and the pulse signal Pb output from the phase coil voltage generation circuit 72. There is also a distorted waveform compared to immediately after operation. Therefore, this pulse signal Pb cannot be used to generate the multiplied signal.

  On the other hand, regarding the phase, since the frequency differs between the pulse signal Pa and the pulse signal Pb as described above, the phases do not match. Further, as described above, the pulse signal Pb cannot be used while the engine is running. Therefore, in order to make the U-phase same period signal the U-phase synchronization signal Ru having the same phase and frequency as the U-phase output signal from the stator 5, first, the pulse signal Pa and the pulse signal immediately after the engine is operated. It is necessary to calculate the phase difference of Pb. Then, based on the calculated phase difference, the phase of the pulse signal Pa is delayed (adjusted), and a signal (pulse signal) having the same cycle as the pulse signal Pa, which is a signal that rises in synchronization with any rise of the pulse signal Pb. Pa ′) must be generated. Then, the pulse signal Pa ′ is multiplied by 3 × (j / i) to generate a stage switching timing signal Pst, which will be described later, and the generated stage switching timing signal Pst is divided by 1/3 to operate. It is possible to generate a rectangular wave (U-phase synchronization signal Ru) synchronized with the U-phase output signal from the stator 5 inside. That is, it is possible to generate the U-phase synchronization signal Ru only by using the pulse signal Pa without using the pulse signal Pb during engine operation.

The phase adjustment circuit 73 calculates the phase difference θa of the input pulse signal Pa with respect to the pulse signal Pb immediately after the engine is operated. The phase adjustment circuit 73 counts the number of H pulses of each of the pulse signal Pa and the pulse signal Pb in a predetermined period immediately after the engine is operated by a built-in counter, and uses an arithmetic expression “Δθa = (Np × Δθp) / N”. The phase difference θa is calculated. Here, Δθa is a phase difference between the pulse signal Pa and the pulse signal Pb, and is a value to be calculated. Δθp is a phase difference of the pulse signal Pa with respect to the pulse signal Pb immediately after the engine is operated, and is a phase difference measured by the phase adjustment circuit 73. Np is the count result of the pulse signal Pa (the number of H pulses of the pulse signal Pa), and N is the count result of the pulse signal Pb (the number of H pulses of the pulse signal Pb).
FIG. 3 shows a state in which the rise of pulse 1 of pulse signal Pa is advanced by Δθa from pulse 1 of pulse signal Pb. In this case, the phase adjustment circuit 73 delays the pulse signal Pa by Δθa and generates a pulse signal Pa ′. The pulse signal Pa ′ is a signal in which the rise time of the pulse 1 coincides with the rise time of the pulse 1 of the pulse signal Pb. When the rising edge of pulse 1 of pulse signal Pa is delayed by Δθa from pulse 1 of pulse signal Pb, phase adjustment circuit 73 delays pulse signal Pa by (180 ° −Δθa) and causes pulse signal Pa ′ to be delayed. Generate.
The phase adjustment circuit 73 continues to output the pulse signal Pa ′ to the stage switching timing signal generation circuit 74 during engine operation.

The stage switching timing signal generation circuit 74 multiplies the frequency of the pulse signal Pa ′ by 3 × (j / i), and outputs a stage switching timing signal Pst of one cycle Tstage to the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11. FIG. 3 shows a case where i = 6 and j = 10, and the stage switching timing signal Pst changes from the L level to the H level and from the H level to the L level during the period T of one engine revolution. It is a signal that repeats a combination of level changes 30 times. The stage switching timing signal Pst shown in FIG. 3 has a high level pulse of pulses 1, ..., 5, ..., 15, ..., 25, ..., 35, ..., 45, ... , 55,..., 59, and L level pulses are composed of 30 pulses 30,..., 40,.
That is, the stage switching timing signal generation circuit 74 generates a stage switching timing signal Pst whose cycle Tstage is (i / (3 × j)) times the cycle Tpulser of the pulse signal Pa ′. This stage switching timing signal Pst is a signal generated based on the pulse signal Pa ′ during operation of the engine, and its frequency is 3 × (j / i) times the frequency of the pulse signal Pa ′. Further, since this ratio (j / i) is a constant value that does not change immediately after and during operation of the engine, after all, the frequency of the stage switching timing signal Pst is the U phase (one-phase of the stator 5). 3 times the frequency of (AC output voltage). Further, the stage switching timing signal Pst is a signal generated based on the pulse signal Pa ′, and this pulse signal Pa ′ is at the same level as the U phase (one-phase AC output voltage) of the stator 5 immediately after the engine is operated. This is a signal in which the phase difference is adjusted. Therefore, it is possible to generate a rectangular wave (U-phase synchronization signal Ru) that is synchronized with the U-phase output signal by using the rising or falling edge of the stage switching timing signal Pst in all periods during operation of the engine. Become. Further, by generating a signal that rises and falls in synchronization with the stage switching timing signal Pst by shifting the phase by the period Tstage with respect to the U-phase synchronization signal Ru, a V-phase output signal whose phase is delayed by 120 ° It is also possible to generate a synchronized rectangular wave (V-phase synchronization signal Rv) and a rectangular wave (W-phase synchronization signal Rw) synchronized with the W-phase output signal.
The stage switching timing signal generation circuit 74 continues to output the stage switching timing signal Pst to the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 during engine operation.

The three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 receives the stage switching timing signal Pst from the reference signal generation circuit 7 and is U-phase synchronization signals Ru and V homologs that are signals synchronized with the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase. The period signal Rv and the W-phase synchronization signal Rw are generated. As described above, the stage switching timing signal Pst is a signal generated by multiplying the pulse signal Pa ′ during engine operation, and this pulse signal Pa ′ is a phase difference from the pulse signal Pb immediately after engine operation. Is the adjusted signal. The cycle of the stage switching timing signal Pst is (1/3) times the cycle Tphase of the U phase (one-phase AC output voltage) of the stator 5. Therefore, if a signal that repeats rising and falling is generated every six pulses of the stage switching timing signal Pst, and the remaining two signals are generated by shifting the rising and falling by two pulses, these three signals are respectively AC The signal is synchronized with the three-phase AC output voltage of the generator 1.
The three-phase synchronous square wave generating circuit 11 rises in synchronization with the rising edge of the pulse (6k-5) of the stage switching timing signal Pst as k (k ≧ 1 natural number) and falls on the falling edge of the pulse (6k-2). A U-phase synchronization signal Ru, which is a signal that falls synchronously, is generated. Further, the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 rises in synchronization with the rise of the pulse (6k-3) of the stage switching timing signal Pst as k (k ≧ 1 natural number) and falls at the fall of the pulse (6k). A V-phase synchronization signal Rv, which is a signal that falls synchronously, is generated. The three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 falls as k (k ≧ 1 natural number) in synchronization with the fall of the pulse (6k−4) th of the stage switching timing signal Pst, and (6k−1). A W-phase synchronization signal Rw that is a signal that rises in synchronization with the second rise is generated.

  As described above, the reference signal generation circuit 7 and the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 described above make a U-phase synchronization signal Ru and a V-phase synchronization signal that are rectangular waves synchronized with the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase. It becomes possible to generate Rv and the W-phase synchronization signal Rw. That is, a rectangular wave signal synchronized with the U phase, the V phase, and the W phase can be generated by the stage switching timing signal Pst generated from the pulse signal (reference AC voltage) generated from the pulser coil 6 in synchronization with the rotation of the engine. This can be used for energization timing control. Thereby, it is not necessary to provide a subcoil, a hall element, etc., the structure of the three-phase AC generator can be simplified and the outer shape can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

(Description of Triangular Wave Voltage Generation Method in Three-Phase Synchronous Triangular Wave Generation Circuit 12)
In order to generate a triangular wave from the U-phase synchronization signal Ru or the like synchronized with the U-phase generated in the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 and use the triangular wave for phase control, the pulse width of the U-phase synchronization signal Ru or the like is set. Regardless, it is necessary to generate a triangular wave having a voltage value (minimum voltage value) at the start of rising and a voltage value (maximum voltage value) at the end of rising equal (height Vp). This is because the frequency of the stage switching timing signal Pst also changes in accordance with the change in the frequency of the pulse signal (reference AC voltage) generated from the pulsar coil 6 in synchronization with the rotation of the engine, and the frequency of the U-phase synchronization signal Ru changes. Because. Here, with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, an example of a mechanism for generating a triangular wave having a constant peak voltage synchronized with the U-phase synchronization signal Ru will be described.

  In general, since the frequency of the AC voltage output from the AC generator does not change abruptly, it can be considered that the waveform of the previous cycle is the same as the waveform of the current cycle. For example, in FIG. 4, if waveform 2 is the waveform of the current cycle, half cycle T2 of waveform 2 is the same as half cycle T1 of waveform 1 one cycle before.

Using the above characteristics, the triangular wave voltage VB is generated by the following procedure.
(Procedure 1) As shown in FIG. 4, in the cycle of waveform 1, a rectangular wave S is generated from the AC voltage VA output from the AC generator. The half cycle of the rectangular wave S corresponding to this waveform 1 matches the half cycle T1 of the AC voltage VA in the cycle of the waveform 1.
(Procedure 2) Subsequently, the time of the half cycle T1 of the rectangular wave S is counted.
(Procedure 3) Subsequently, the time t1 (= T1 / n) is obtained by dividing the count of the time of the half cycle T1 by a predetermined resolution n. Here, the resolution n is an amount that defines the smoothness of the slope of the triangular wave voltage VB. The higher the resolution n, the smoother the slope of the triangular wave voltage VB.
(Procedure 4) Subsequently, the peak voltage Vp of the triangular wave voltage VB is divided by a predetermined resolution n to obtain a voltage v1 (= Vp / n).
(Procedure 5) Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 5, at the rising timing of waveform 2 in the next cycle (timing to start counting T2), the triangular wave voltage VB is increased by the voltage v1, and the triangular wave voltage VB is Maintain only for time t1.
(Procedure 6) In the same waveform 2 cycle, the triangular wave voltage VB is further increased by the voltage v1 at the timing when the time t1 has elapsed, and when this is repeated n times in total, a step-like waveform as shown in FIG. And a step-like waveform corresponding to the slope portion of the triangular wave voltage corresponding to the cycle of waveform 2 is obtained. If the value of the resolution n is increased, the stepped waveform becomes smooth and a better triangular wave can be obtained.

  With the above procedure, a triangular wave having a constant peak voltage Vp, which is a triangular wave voltage corresponding to each cycle of the alternating voltage VA, can be generated using the waveform of the alternating voltage VA one cycle before. In the procedure 1, the rectangular wave S is generated from the AC waveform VA. However, the three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation circuit 12 described below uses the procedures 2-6. This is because each of the U-phase synchronization signal Ru and the like is already synchronized with the AC output voltage output from the stator 5 of the AC generator 1.

  The three-phase synchronous triangular wave generating circuit 12 using the above-described triangular wave voltage generating mechanism is a triangular wave for controlling the ON or OFF timing (advance / retard amount θ) of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 in the battery charging device 3. A voltage is generated. The three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation circuit 12 can be constituted by, for example, counter means, division means, and waveform generation means. Here, the counter means counts the half-cycle time of the U-phase synchronization signal Ru output from the three-phase synchronization square wave generation circuit 11 (this period is the time T1 in the cycle of waveform 1 in FIG. 4). . The dividing means divides the number counted by the counter means by a predetermined resolution n (predetermined value). The waveform generation means is a predetermined voltage v1 at every elapse of time t1 indicated by the division result of the division means in the first cycle in the second cycle after the first cycle (eg, time T2 in the cycle of waveform 2 in FIG. 4). It generates a stepped voltage waveform that rises only. The three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation circuit 12 outputs the stepped voltage waveform as the triangular wave voltage waveform. The three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation circuit 12 generates a triangular wave A from the input W-phase synchronous signal Rw, and generates a triangular wave A ′ by shifting the phase of the triangular wave A. Further, the three-phase synchronous triangular wave generating circuit 12 generates a triangular wave B from the input U-phase synchronous signal Ru, and generates a triangular wave B ′ by phase shifting the triangular wave B. The three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation circuit 12 generates a triangular wave C from the input V-phase synchronous signal Rv, and generates a triangular wave C ′ by phase shifting the triangular wave C.

(Explanation of energization timing of switching element in advance / retard angle control)
The comparison circuit (advance / retard angle calculation means) 14 compares the triangular wave output from the three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation circuit 12 with the output Vc of the error amplifier 13, and switches the switching timing (advance / The retardation amount θ) is determined, and the advance / retard amount θ signal is output to the control circuit 20. An advance angle / retard angle control circuit 21 (advance angle / retard angle control means) in the control circuit 20 receives a signal of energization timing (advance angle / retard angle amount θ) from the comparison circuit 14, and the switching elements Q1 to Q6. An ON or OFF signal is generated and output to the FET drive signal generation circuit 22.
Hereinafter, a method of obtaining the energization timing (advance angle / retard angle amount θ) will be described.

  6 and 7 are diagrams for explaining energization timing in the advance / retard angle control of the switching element. FIG. 6 shows an advance control state (battery discharge state) when the battery voltage Vbat is high and “Vfb> Vref, Vc <0”, and FIG. 7 shows a low battery voltage Vbat and “Vfb <Vref, Vc”. The retard control state (battery charge state) in the case of> 0 ”is shown.

In the diagram showing the advance angle control timing (0 ° to 120 ° (180 ° energization)) in FIG. 6, the waveform (1) in FIG. 6 represents the U-phase synchronization signal Ru output from the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11. Show.
A waveform (2) in FIG. 6 shows a triangular wave A generated by the three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation circuit 12 in synchronization with the W-phase synchronous signal Rw, and a waveform (3) in FIG. 6 shows a three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation. The circuit 12 shows a triangular wave A ′ generated and output by shifting the triangular wave A by 180 °.
A waveform (4) in FIG. 6 shows the V-phase synchronization signal Rv output from the three-phase synchronization square wave generation circuit 11.
A waveform (5) in FIG. 6 shows a triangular wave B generated by the three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation circuit 12 in synchronization with the U-phase synchronous signal Ru, and a waveform (6) in FIG. 6 shows a three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation. The circuit 12 shows a triangular wave B ′ generated and output by shifting the triangular wave B by 180 °.
A waveform (7) in FIG. 6 shows the W-phase synchronization signal Rw output from the three-phase synchronization square wave generation circuit 11.
A waveform (8) in FIG. 6 shows a triangular wave C generated and output by the three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation circuit 12 in synchronization with the V-phase synchronous signal Rv, and a waveform (9) in FIG. 6 shows a three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation. The circuit 12 shows a triangular wave C ′ that is generated and output by shifting the triangular wave C by 180 °.
The comparison circuit 14 receives the triangular waves A, A ′, B, B ′, C, and C ′, and compares each triangular wave with the error amplifier output Vc.

  Here, in the waveform (2) of FIG. 6, the triangular wave A generated from the W-phase synchronization signal Rw is used to determine the energization timing (advance angle / retard angle amount θ) of the U-phase switching elements Q1 and Q4. Is done. The reason for this is that the advance angle is in the range of 0 ° to 120 ° advance and 0 ° to 60 ° retard with reference to the intersection X0 of the triangle wave A and the line indicated by the alternate long and short dash line (line with 0 ° advance). / This is to enable retard control. For example, when the triangular wave C generated from the V-phase synchronization signal Rv is used as the triangular wave, the control range is shifted toward the advance side, and when the triangular wave C ′ is used, the control range is shifted toward the retard side and the advance angle is 0. Since the control range varies depending on the triangular wave to be used, such as ° to 120 ° and the retardation angle of 0 ° to 60 °, the triangular wave is selected depending on which one of the advance angle and the retardation angle is important.

In this way, the triangular wave A generated in synchronization with the W-phase synchronization signal Rw is compared with the error amplifier output Vc. That is, the ON timing of the U-phase upper switching element Q1 is determined by the intersection Xa between the triangular wave A and the error amplifier output Vc, and the OFF timing of the U-phase lower switching element Q4 is determined. This also determines the advance / retard amount θ of the U-phase.
In this example, the battery charge voltage is higher than the reference voltage and the error amplifier output is “Vc <0”, and the lead / delay amount 0 ° line L0 (Vc = 0 level line) indicated by a one-dot chain line. Vc becomes lower than that, and the intersection point Xa of the triangular waves A and Vc comes before the intersection point X0 of the triangular wave A and the line L0, and the advance angle control is performed.

Similarly, the OFF timing of the U-phase switching element Q1 and the ON timing of the switching element Q4 are determined by the intersection of the triangular wave A ′ and the error amplifier output Vc.
In waveforms (2) and (3), the ON timings of switching elements Q1 and Q4 are set to be slightly delayed from the OFF timings of Q1 and Q4. In order to avoid simultaneous ON of the upper and lower switching elements Q1, Q4, the ON timing is slightly delayed from the OFF timing, and a dead time (delay time determined according to the ON / OFF time characteristics of the FET element) is provided. It is.

As described above, in the U phase, by comparing the triangular waves A and A ′ generated based on the W phase synchronization signal Rw with the error amplifier output Vc, the ON and OFF timings of the switching elements Q1 and Q4 ( The advance / retard amount θ) can be determined. The advance angle control range is 0 ° to 120 °, and the retard angle range is 0 ° to 60 °.
Similarly, in the V phase, by comparing the triangular wave B, B ′ generated based on the U phase synchronization signal Ru with the error amplifier output Vc, the ON / OFF timing (advancement of the switching elements Q2, Q5) The angle / retard amount θ) can be determined. The advance angle control range is 0 ° to 120 °, and the retard angle range is 0 ° to 60 °.
Similarly, in the W phase, by comparing the triangular waves C and C ′ generated based on the V phase synchronization signal Rv with the error amplifier output Vc, the ON and OFF timings (advancement of the switching elements Q3 and Q6) The angle / retard amount θ) can be determined. The advance angle control range is 0 ° to 120 °, and the retard angle range is 0 ° to 60 °.

7 is a timing chart showing the retard control timing (0 ° to 60 ° (180 ° energization)). The advance control state (Vc <0) shown in FIG. 6 is the retard control state (Vc> 0). The operation when changed to is shown.
Each of the waveforms (1) to (9) in FIG. 7 corresponds to the waveforms (1) to (9) shown in FIG. 6, and U-phase synchronization signal Ru, triangular wave A, triangular wave A ′, and V-phase synchronization signal, respectively. Rv, triangular wave B, triangular wave B ′, W-phase synchronization signal Rw, triangular wave C, and triangular wave C ′ are shown.
The operation shown in FIG. 7 is the same as the basic operation except that the advance angle control state (Vc <0) shown in FIG. 6 is changed to the retard angle control state (Vc> 0). The explanation of the operation is omitted.

(Description of another embodiment of the battery charging device using the phase control device of the present invention)
In another embodiment of the battery charging device using the phase control device of the present invention, when the retard control is performed, the retard is greater than the retard amount (retard limit value) that maximizes the power generation amount of the AC generator. An example in which the optimal retard limit value is automatically set regardless of the magnitude of the AC generator, the battery type, and the engine displacement is described.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration example of another embodiment of the battery charging device using the phase control device of the present invention. The circuit shown in FIG. 8 has a power generation amount calculation circuit 23 and a retard limit setting circuit 24 newly added to the control circuit 20 as compared with the circuit of the first embodiment shown in FIG. Yes. Further, a current sensor CTu (for example, a hall element) for detecting the U-phase current of the AC generator 1 is added. These power generation amount calculation circuit 23, retard angle limit value setting circuit 24, and current sensor CTu are used for automatically setting the optimum retard angle limit value.

The power generation amount calculation circuit 23 receives a U-phase synchronization signal Ru and also receives a U-phase current signal Iu of the AC generator 1 from the current sensor CTu to calculate the power generation amount of the AC generator 1. Do.
The retard limit value setting circuit 24 performs processing to set a retard limit value based on the advance / retard amount θ input from the comparison circuit 14 and the power generation amount obtained by the power generation amount calculation circuit 23. Details of this processing will be described later.

The configuration and operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 8 are basically the same as the circuit shown in FIG. 1 except that a power generation amount calculation circuit 23 and a retard limit setting circuit 24 are newly added in the control circuit 20. .
That is, the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 generates a U-phase synchronization signal Ru synchronized with the U-phase, a V-phase synchronization signal Rv synchronized with the V-phase, and a W-phase synchronization signal Rw synchronized with the W-phase. The three-phase synchronous triangle wave generation circuit 12 generates triangular waves A, A ′, B, B ′, C, and C ′ that are synchronized with the U-phase synchronization signal Ru and the like output from the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11.

  In the comparison circuit 14, the energization timing (advance angle / retard angle amount θ) of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 is based on the triangular wave output from the three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation circuit 12 and the error amplifier output Vc output from the error amplifier 13. Ask for. The advance or retard control circuit 21 sends the advance / retard amount θ signal input from the comparison circuit 14 to the FET drive signal generation circuit 22. At this time, the retard amount is limited so as not to exceed the retard limit value set by the retard limit value setting circuit 24.

  Further, the control method of the energization timing of the switching element is the same as in the first embodiment, and the advance angle control state (battery discharge state) when the battery voltage Vbat is high and “Vfb> Vref, Vc <0” is set. FIG. 7 shows the retard control state (battery charge state) when the battery voltage Vbat is low and “Vfb <Vref, Vc> 0”.

(Explanation of the retard limit setting process in the second embodiment)
As described above, the second embodiment is characterized in that the retard limit value is automatically set by the retard limit value setting circuit 24.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a process of setting the retard limit value in the retard limit value setting circuit 24. Hereinafter, the process of setting the retard limit value will be described with reference to FIG.

  First, the advance / retard amount θn−1 and the power generation amount, which are variables, are set to 0 (zero) (step S1). Next, the state of charge of the battery and the power generation amount of the AC generator are detected, and the current advance angle / retard angle amount θn is detected and stored (step S2).

  Next, the previous advance / retard amount θn−1 stored as a variable is compared with the current advance / retard amount θn (step S3). When the retard control state is “θn−1> θn”, the control direction is the direction of decrease in the retard amount, so this setting is canceled when the retard limit value is set. (Reset) (step S4). Then, the process returns to step S2.

  In step S3, if the retard control state is “θn> θn−1”, the control direction is the direction in which the retard amount increases, and the process proceeds to step S5, where the retard limit value has already been set. Determine whether or not.

  If it is determined in step S5 that the retard limit value has already been set, the retard amount is set to the retard limit value (step S6), and the process returns to step S2. In the retard control, the retard amount is controlled so as not to exceed the retard limit value. This retard limit value is maintained until the control direction is in the direction of decreasing the retard amount (for example, the battery charge voltage increases).

  If it is determined in step S5 that the retard limit value is not set, the process proceeds to step S7, and it is determined whether or not “previous power generation amount> current power generation amount” is satisfied (step S7).

  If it is determined in step S7 that “previous power generation amount> current power generation amount”, the retard amount in the previous power generation amount is set as the retard limit value (step S8). This is because, as shown in FIG. 10 showing the setting method of the retard limit value, when the current power generation amount Pn is smaller than the previous power generation amount Pn−1, despite the increase in the retard amount, Pn Since it is estimated that there is a point where the maximum power generation amount is in the section θA from −1 to Pn, the retardation amount θn−1 in the previous power generation amount Pn−1 is set as the retard limit value.

  If it is determined in step S7 that “previous power generation amount <current power generation amount”, the process returns to step S2 without setting the retard limit value.

  By the process described above, the retard limit value that gives the maximum power generation amount (to be exact, approximately the maximum power generation amount) can be automatically set, and the advance angle is set so that the retard amount does not exceed this retard limit value. Alternatively, the retard angle control can be performed. Further, as shown in FIG. 10, it can be seen that there is a point where the maximum power generation amount is in the section θA, and in the control in which the retardation amount increases, the delay follows the vicinity of the point where the maximum power generation amount is given. Can be.

The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and includes changes and the like without departing from the gist of the present invention.
For example, as described in the description of the above embodiment, the triangular wave (B) generated from each of the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase synchronization signals (Ru, Rv, Rw) to determine the energization timing of the switching elements Q1 to Q6. , C, A), and triangular waves (B ′, C ′, A ′) obtained by shifting each triangular wave by 180 °. Which triangular wave is used for each switching element is selected depending on whether the advance angle or the delay angle is important.
By the way, the battery in the case where the inventor of the present application makes the switching element of each phase turn on before the rising edge (phase angle reference) of each phase of the synchronization signal (control on the advance side) with respect to the energization timing of the switching element. An experiment was conducted to compare the amount of charge of 2 with the amount of charge of the battery 2 when the switching element of each phase is turned on after the phase angle reference (controlled on the retard side). In this experiment, the torque of the alternator 1 for obtaining the same charge amount is measured, the experimental result that the torque amount on the advance side is smaller than the retard side is obtained, and control on the advance side is obtained. However, it is found that the load applied to the AC generator 1 when obtaining the same amount of charge is lighter than the control on the retard side, which is preferable in controlling the AC generator 1.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the control for determining the energization timing will be described.
As for the phase angle reference, in the case of the U-phase synchronization signal Ru, the rising edge is set as a reference (advance angle 0 °), the left side is an advance angle, and the right side is a delay angle. Similarly, the phase angle reference of the V-phase synchronization signal Rv and the W-phase synchronization signal Rw is based on the rising edge, the left side is the advance angle, and the right side is the delay angle.

Also in this embodiment, the output of the error amplifier 13 (error amplifier output Vc) is “Vc> 0” when the battery voltage Vbat is low and “Vfb <Vref”, the battery voltage Vbat is high, and “Vfb> In the case of “Vref”, “Vc <0”.
Further, the comparison circuit 14 (advance / retard angle calculation means) compares the triangular wave output from the three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation circuit 12 with the error amplifier output Vc, and the switching timing (advance / The retardation amount θ) is determined, and the advance / retard amount θ signal is output to the control circuit 20.
Also in this embodiment, the three-phase synchronous triangle wave generation circuit 12 is a rectangular wave of each phase output from the three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit 11 (U, V, W phase voltage generation circuit) (respectively U homologous). A triangular wave (triangular wave B, triangular wave A, and triangular wave C, respectively) synchronized with the initial signal Ru, the V-phase synchronizing signal Rv, and the W-phase synchronizing signal Rw) is generated. The three-phase synchronous triangular wave generation circuit 12 is a triangular wave (triangular wave B ′, triangular wave A ′, and triangular wave C ′, respectively) obtained by shifting the triangular wave corresponding to the generated U, V, and W phases by 180 °. ) Is generated.

Here, in the present embodiment, unlike the above-described embodiment, a triangular wave B (second U-phase triangular wave) generated in synchronization with the U-phase synchronization signal Ru and a triangular wave B ′ (first wave) obtained by shifting the triangular wave B by 180 °. 1U-phase triangular wave) is used to determine the energization timing of the switching elements Q1 and Q4 corresponding to the U-phase.
Similarly, a triangular wave C (second V-phase triangular wave) generated in synchronization with the V-phase synchronizing signal Rv and a triangular wave C ′ (first V-phase triangular wave) obtained by shifting the triangular wave C by 180 ° are converted into the V phase. This is used to determine the energization timing of the corresponding switching elements Q2 and Q5.
Similarly, a triangular wave A (second W-phase triangular wave) generated in synchronization with the W-phase synchronizing signal Rw and a triangular wave A ′ (first W-phase triangular wave) obtained by shifting the triangular wave A by 180 ° are converted into the W phase. This is used to determine the energization timing of the corresponding switching elements Q3 and Q6.

The reason why the triangular waves B and B ′ are used for determining the energization timing of the switching elements Q1 and Q4 corresponding to the U phase is as follows.
When the triangular wave B ′ (first U-phase triangular wave) is used, when Vc> 0 (Vfb <Vref), the advance or retard amount is between 0 ° and 90 ° from the phase reference angle of the U phase to the advance side. Vc is higher than the voltage line L0 indicating 0 ° (the line at the level of Vc = 0). That is, the intersection point of the first U-phase triangular wave (triangular wave B ′) and Vc is formed between 0 ° and 90 ° from the U-phase reference angle to the advance side. Thus, the phase angle (advance angle / retard angle amount θ) for turning on the switching element Q1 and turning off the switching element Q4 between 0 ° and 90 ° from the phase reference angle of the U phase to the advance side is obtained. Can do.
Further, when a triangular wave B (second U-phase triangular wave) having a phase difference of 180 ° with respect to the triangular wave B ′ is used, the first wave is 180 ° retarded from the intersection of the triangular wave B ′ and the line of Vc = 0. The intersection of 2U phase triangular wave (triangular wave B) and Vc is made.
That is, the switching element Q1 is turned off and the switching element Q4 is turned on at a time that is 180 degrees behind the time when the switching element Q1 is turned on and the switching element Q4 is turned off.
In this way, the battery 2 can be charged in a total period from the time when the switching element Q1 is turned on to the time when it is turned off (period of 180 ° in phase angle).

On the other hand, in the case of Vc <0 (Vfb> Vref), Vc is lower than the line L0 of the advance / retard amount 0 ° between 90 ° and 180 ° from the phase reference angle of the U phase to the advance side. . That is, the intersection of the first U-phase triangular wave (triangular wave B ′) and Vc is made between 90 ° and 180 ° from the U-phase reference angle to the advance side. Thus, the phase angle (advance angle / retard angle amount θ) for turning on the switching element Q1 and turning off the switching element Q4 between 90 ° and 180 ° from the phase reference angle of the U phase to the advance side is obtained. Can do.
Further, the switching element Q1 is turned off and the switching element Q4 is turned on using the triangular wave B (second U-phase triangular wave) having a phase difference of 180 ° with respect to the triangular wave B ′. In this way, the battery 2 can be discharged for a total period from the time when the switching element Q1 is turned on until it is turned off (period of 180 ° in phase angle).

With the above configuration, in the U phase, the first U-phase triangular wave (triangular wave B ′) and the second U-phase triangular wave (triangular wave B) synchronized with the U-phase synchronization signal Ru are respectively compared with the error amplifier output Vc. The ON / OFF timing (advance angle / retard angle amount θ) of the switching elements Q1 and Q4 is determined.
In particular, when an intersection is formed near the maximum height of the first U-phase triangular wave (when approaching an advance angle of 0 °), the battery has a small amount of charge (the absolute value of Vc is large), but the switching element Q1 Since the ON period and the period in which the U phase is at a positive voltage can be substantially matched, the amount of charge from the U phase of the AC generator 1 to the battery 2 can be set to the maximum amount of charge.

Similarly, in the V phase, the first V-phase triangular wave (triangular wave C ′) and the second V-phase triangular wave (triangular wave C) synchronized with the V-phase synchronizing signal Rv are respectively compared with the error amplifier output Vc. The ON / OFF timing (advance angle / retard angle amount θ) of the switching elements Q2, Q5 is determined.
Similarly, in the W phase, the first W-phase triangular wave (triangular wave A ′) and the second W-phase triangular wave (triangular wave A) synchronized with the W-phase synchronizing signal Rw are compared with the error amplifier output Vc, respectively. Thus, the ON / OFF timing (advance / retard amount θ) of the switching elements Q3 and Q6 is determined.
By controlling the energization timing of the switching element with the configuration described above, that is, by controlling each phase on the advance side, the load on the AC generator 1 when the battery 2 is charged can be reduced.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... AC generator, 2 ... Battery, 3 ... Battery charging device, 3a ... Phase control device, 3b ... Full wave rectifier circuit, 4 ... Rotor, 4a ... Projection part, 5 ... Stator, 6 ... Pulser coil, 7 ... Reference signal Generation circuit, 11 ... Three-phase synchronous square wave generation circuit, 12 ... Three-phase synchronous triangle wave generation circuit, 13 ... Error amplifier, 14 ... Comparison circuit, 20 ... Control circuit, 21 ... Advance or retard control circuit, 22 ... FET Drive signal generation circuit 71 ... reference square wave generation circuit 72 ... phase coil voltage generation circuit 73 ... phase adjustment circuit 74 ... stage switching timing signal generation circuit Pa, Pb ... pulse signal Pst ... stage switching timing signal Ru: U phase synchronization signal, Rv: V phase synchronization signal, Rw: W phase synchronization signal

Claims (8)

The energization timing of the switching element of the rectifying unit configured as a bridge that converts AC power output from a three-phase AC generator composed of U, V, and W phases into DC power is determined by the AC output voltage of the three-phase AC generator. A phase control device that performs advance / retard control by advancing or retarding a phase,
The phase difference between the reference AC voltage indicating the rotation frequency of the rotor generated by the rotation of the rotor of the three-phase AC generator and the AC output voltage of any one phase of the three-phase AC generator is calculated and calculated. Based on the phase difference, the signal synchronized with the reference AC voltage is delayed, and the delayed signal is multiplied by three times the ratio of the frequency of the one-phase AC output voltage to the frequency of the reference AC voltage. A reference signal generating means for generating a reference signal;
U, V, and W phase voltage generating means for generating a three-phase synchronization signal composed of U, V, and W phases based on the reference signal;
The switching element is energized based on a signal of a differential voltage between an output voltage on the DC power side of the rectifier and a predetermined target, and a synchronization signal of each phase output by the U, V, and W phase voltage generating means. An advance / retard angle calculating means for calculating an advance / retard amount of timing;
Advance / retard angle control means for performing advance / retard angle control of the switching element according to the advance / retard angle amount obtained by the advance / retard angle calculating means;
A phase control device comprising: The reference signal generating means includes
A reference square wave generating circuit for generating a first pulse signal synchronized with the reference AC voltage;
A phase coil voltage generation circuit for generating a second pulse signal synchronized with the AC output voltage of any one phase of the three-phase AC generator;
Phase adjustment for calculating a phase difference between the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal at the start of operation of the three-phase AC generator and delaying the first pulse signal based on the calculated phase difference Circuit,
A stage switching timing signal generating circuit for generating the reference signal by multiplying the delayed first pulse signal by three times the ratio of the frequency of the second pulse signal to the frequency of the first pulse signal; Have
The U, V, W phase voltage generating means is k (natural number of k ≧ 1),
A U-phase synchronization signal that is a signal that rises in synchronization with the rise of the (6k-5) th pulse of the reference signal and falls in synchronization with the fall of the (6k-2) th pulse of the reference signal Produces
Generates a V-phase synchronization signal that rises in synchronization with the rising edge of the (6k-3) th pulse of the reference signal and falls in synchronization with the falling edge of the (6k) th pulse of the reference signal And
A W-phase synchronization signal which is a signal that falls in synchronization with the (6k-4) th falling edge of the reference signal and rises in synchronization with the (6k-1) th rising edge of the reference signal is generated. ,
The phase control apparatus according to claim 1.   The advance angle / retard angle control of the switching element is performed by the advance angle / retard angle amount obtained by the advance angle / retard angle calculating means, and the retard amount exceeds the retard limit value when the retard angle control is performed. 3. The phase control apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: an advance / retard angle control unit that performs retard control of the switching element based on the retard limit value.   A phase control device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and a rectification unit whose energization timing is controlled by the phase control device, and connected to an output voltage on a DC power side of the rectification unit A battery charger for charging a battery. The advance / retard angle calculating means includes:
A synchronous triangular wave generating circuit for generating a triangular wave synchronized with a rectangular wave of each phase output from the U, V, W phase voltage generating circuit;
An error amplifier that compares the voltage of the battery with a predetermined target voltage and outputs an error signal;
A comparison circuit for obtaining an advance angle / retard angle amount by comparing the triangle wave output from the synchronous triangle wave generation circuit with the output of the error amplifier, and
The synchronous triangular wave generating circuit is
A triangular wave synchronized with a rectangular wave of each phase output from the U, V, W phase voltage generation circuit is generated and output to the comparison circuit, and a triangular wave corresponding to each of the generated U, V, W phases (respectively) A first U-phase triangular wave, a first V-phase triangular wave, and a first W-phase triangular wave that are 180 ° phase shifted from the second U-phase triangular wave, second V-phase triangular wave, and second W-phase triangular wave are generated and output to the comparison circuit. ,
The comparison circuit is
When calculating the advance / retard amount,
The U phase advance / retard amount is obtained by comparing the first U phase triangle wave and the second U phase triangle wave output from the synchronous triangle wave generation circuit with the error amplifier output,
The V phase advance / retard amount is obtained by comparing the first V phase triangular wave and the second V phase triangular wave output from the synchronous triangular wave generation circuit with the error amplifier output,
The W phase advance / retard amount is obtained by comparing the first W phase triangle wave and the second W phase triangle wave output from the synchronous triangle wave generating circuit with the error amplifier output.
The battery charger according to claim 4. The comparison circuit is
The first U-phase triangular wave and the error amplifier output are compared, and the on-timing of the switching element corresponding to the U-phase provided on the DC power side of the rectifier unit is set on the ground side of the rectifier unit. Find the off timing of the switching element corresponding to the phase,
The second U-phase triangular wave and the error amplifier output are compared, and the switching element corresponding to the U-phase provided on the DC power side of the rectifier unit is turned off at the U side provided on the ground side of the rectifier unit. Find the on-timing of the switching element corresponding to the phase,
The first V-phase triangular wave and the error amplifier output are compared, and the on-timing of the switching element corresponding to the V-phase provided on the DC power side of the rectifier unit is determined on the ground side of the rectifier unit. Find the off timing of the switching element corresponding to the phase,
The second V-phase triangular wave and the error amplifier output are compared, and the OFF timing of the switching element corresponding to the V-phase provided on the DC power side of the rectifier unit is set to the V side provided on the ground side of the rectifier unit. Find the on-timing of the switching element corresponding to the phase,
The first W-phase triangular wave and the error amplifier output are compared, and the on-timing of the switching element corresponding to the W-phase provided on the DC power side of the rectifier unit is determined on the ground side of the rectifier unit. Find the off timing of the switching element corresponding to the phase,
The second W-phase triangular wave and the error amplifier output are compared, and the OFF timing of the switching element corresponding to the W phase provided on the DC power side of the rectifier unit is set to the W side provided on the ground side of the rectifier unit. Find the ON timing of the switching element corresponding to the phase,
The battery charger according to claim 5. The energization timing of the switching element of the rectifying unit configured as a bridge that converts AC power output from a three-phase AC generator composed of U, V, and W phases into DC power is determined by the AC output voltage of the three-phase AC generator. A phase control method in a phase control device that performs advance / retard angle control by advancing or retarding a phase,
The phase difference between the reference AC voltage indicating the rotation frequency of the rotor generated by the rotation of the rotor of the three-phase AC generator and the AC output voltage of any one phase of the three-phase AC generator is calculated and calculated. Based on the phase difference, the signal synchronized with the reference AC voltage is delayed, and the delayed signal is multiplied by three times the ratio of the frequency of the one-phase AC output voltage to the frequency of the reference AC voltage. A reference signal generation procedure for generating a reference signal;
Based on the reference signal, a U, V, W phase voltage generation procedure for generating a three-phase synchronization signal composed of U, V, W phases;
The switching element is energized based on a signal of a differential voltage between an output voltage on the DC power side of the rectifier and a predetermined target, and a synchronization signal of each phase output by the U, V, and W phase voltage generating means. An advance / retard angle calculation procedure for calculating an advance / retard amount of timing;
Advancing / retarding control procedure for performing advancing / retarding control of the switching element according to the advance / retard amount obtained by the advance / retard calculation means;
Including a phase control method. The reference signal generation procedure includes:
A reference square wave generating procedure for generating a first pulse signal synchronized with the reference AC voltage;
A phase coil voltage generation procedure for generating a second pulse signal synchronized with the AC output voltage of any one phase of the three-phase AC generator;
Phase adjustment for calculating a phase difference between the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal at the start of operation of the three-phase AC generator and delaying the first pulse signal based on the calculated phase difference Procedure and
A stage switching timing signal generation procedure for generating the reference signal by multiplying the delayed first pulse signal by three times the ratio of the frequency of the second pulse signal to the frequency of the first pulse signal; Have
The U, V, and W phase voltage generation procedures are as follows (k is a natural number of k ≧ 1):
A U-phase synchronization signal that is a signal that rises in synchronization with the rise of the (6k-5) th pulse of the reference signal and falls in synchronization with the fall of the (6k-2) th pulse of the reference signal Produces
Generates a V-phase synchronization signal that rises in synchronization with the rising edge of the (6k-3) th pulse of the reference signal and falls in synchronization with the falling edge of the (6k) th pulse of the reference signal And
A W-phase synchronization signal which is a signal that falls in synchronization with the (6k-4) th falling edge of the reference signal and rises in synchronization with the (6k-1) th rising edge of the reference signal is generated. The procedure is
The phase control method according to claim 7.

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