WO2015181884A1 - Battery charging device - Google Patents

Battery charging device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015181884A1
WO2015181884A1 PCT/JP2014/063957 JP2014063957W WO2015181884A1 WO 2015181884 A1 WO2015181884 A1 WO 2015181884A1 JP 2014063957 W JP2014063957 W JP 2014063957W WO 2015181884 A1 WO2015181884 A1 WO 2015181884A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
voltage
output current
unit
phase angle
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PCT/JP2014/063957
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
武明 杉本
雄大 井ノ口
Original Assignee
新電元工業株式会社
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Application filed by 新電元工業株式会社 filed Critical 新電元工業株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2014/063957 priority Critical patent/WO2015181884A1/en
Publication of WO2015181884A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015181884A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery charging device.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a battery voltage detection method according to the prior art, and shows a method of detecting the battery voltage VBAT of the battery 200 using the detection line SL.
  • the output terminal B of the battery charging device 100 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery 200 via the harness H.
  • the positive electrode of the battery 200 is connected to the voltage detection terminal S of the battery charger 100 via the detection line SL.
  • the battery voltage VBAT is detected by the battery charging device 100 via the detection line SL.
  • the battery voltage VBAT can be accurately detected without being affected by the voltage drop in the harness H.
  • This invention is made
  • the objective is to provide the battery charging device which can obtain
  • One aspect of the present invention is a converter that converts AC power output from an AC generator into DC power by a switching element and supplies the DC power to a battery via a connection line, and a battery voltage of the battery and a target value thereof.
  • a comparison unit for comparing, and a control unit that determines a phase angle that defines an energization timing of the switching element of the conversion unit based on a comparison result of the comparison unit, and that controls energization of the switching element based on the phase angle;
  • the output current estimation unit for estimating the current flowing through the connection line from the phase angle determined by the control unit and the rotational speed of the AC generator, and the current estimated by the output current estimation unit,
  • a voltage drop estimator that calculates a voltage drop due to the connecting line and estimates a voltage drop; and a battery voltage estimator that estimates the battery voltage using the voltage drop.
  • a voltage estimation unit was example, a battery charger, characterized in that it comprises a.
  • one aspect of the present invention is a battery charging device, wherein the output current estimation unit is determined by the number of rotations of the AC generator and the control unit for each control cycle for controlling energization of the switching element. Estimating the current flowing through the connection line from the phase angle defining the energization timing, the rotational speed of the AC generator acquired in the previous control cycle, and the phase angle defining the energization timing.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is a battery charging device, wherein the output current estimating unit includes a rotation angle of the AC generator and a phase angle that defines an energization timing of a switching element of the conversion unit, and the battery charging device.
  • the current flowing through the connection line is obtained by referring to the table based on the rotational speed of the AC generator and the phase angle determined by the control unit. It is characterized by estimating.
  • one aspect of the present invention is a battery charging device, wherein the battery voltage estimation unit includes a value obtained by multiplying a current estimated by the output current estimation unit by a resistance value of the connection line. The battery voltage is estimated by subtracting from the output voltage.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is a battery charging device, further comprising a temperature correction unit that corrects the estimation result of the voltage drop estimation unit based on temperature information that affects the estimation result of the voltage drop estimation unit.
  • the battery charger according to claim 4 further comprising:
  • the battery voltage can be obtained without using a sensor for detecting the battery voltage.
  • FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the structural example of the battery charging device in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the battery charging device in embodiment of this invention, and is the figure which expressed the structure of the battery charging device shown in FIG. 1 paying attention to the flow of a signal. It is a figure for demonstrating the operation example of the battery charging device in embodiment of this invention, and is a figure for demonstrating an example of the control method which controls output current. It is a figure for catching and explaining the example of operation of the battery charging device in the embodiment of the present invention, and is the figure for explaining the control range of the phase of the gate signal of a switching element.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a battery charging device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the battery charging device 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and is a diagram expressing the configuration of the battery charging device 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 while paying attention to a signal flow.
  • the battery charger 1 charges the battery 2 by converting the AC power output from the three-phase AC generator 3 into DC power by the switching elements Q1 to Q6 and supplying the DC power to the battery 2.
  • the battery charging device 1 performs delay angle control for delaying the timing (energization timing) of the switching operation of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 with respect to the AC output of the three-phase AC generator 3, or advance angle control for advancing. By doing so, the charging state (or discharging state) of the battery 2 is controlled. Details thereof will be described later.
  • each phase of the three-phase AC generator 3 is connected to the input terminals TIN1 to TIN3 of the battery charger 1.
  • the three-phase AC generator 3 generates AC power by rotating in conjunction with an engine such as a vehicle.
  • the three-phase AC generator 3 outputs the generated AC power to the battery charger 1.
  • a pulsar coil 4 is attached to the stator side of the three-phase AC generator 3.
  • the pulsar coil 4 is a coil wound around an iron core (not shown) having a magnetic pole part.
  • a plurality of reluctators 4 a are attached to the rotor side of the three-phase AC generator 3. In the example of FIG. 1, three reluctors 4a are attached to the outer periphery of the rotor every 120 °.
  • the pulsar coil 4 outputs a pulse signal when the reluctator 4a passes in the vicinity of the magnetic pole portion of the iron core of the pulsar coil 4 with the rotation of the crankshaft of the engine, for example. Thereby, the pulsar coil 4 outputs a pulsar signal indicating the rotational speed (rpm) of the rotor generated by the rotation of the rotor of the three-phase AC generator 3. The pulsar coil 4 outputs the generated pulsar signal to the pulse input terminal TPIN of the battery charger 1.
  • the positive electrode of the battery 2 is connected to the output terminal TOUT of the battery charger 1.
  • the negative electrode of the battery 2 is grounded to the vehicle body of the vehicle on which the battery charger 1 is mounted, for example.
  • the output terminal TOUT of the battery charging device 1 and the battery 2 are electrically connected via a connection line L such as a harness or a cable.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a battery charging device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery charging device 1 includes a pulsar signal detection unit 5, a rotation speed calculation unit 6, an output voltage detection unit 7, a voltage estimation unit 8, a resistance value storage unit 9, a temperature correction unit 10, and a comparison unit 11. , Target voltage storage unit 12, control unit 13, conversion unit 14, and output current estimation unit 15.
  • the voltage estimation unit 8 includes a voltage drop estimation unit 81 and a battery voltage estimation unit 82.
  • the control unit 13 includes a phase angle determination unit 131 and a gate signal generation unit 132.
  • the resistance value storage unit 9 stores a resistance value RL of the connection line L (hereinafter referred to as “connection line resistance value RL”) in advance.
  • the converter 14 converts the AC power output from the three-phase AC generator 3 into DC power by the switching elements Q1 to Q6 and supplies it to the battery 2 via the connection line L.
  • the switching elements Q1 to Q6 It is comprised from the three-phase bridge rectifier circuit provided with.
  • the switching elements Q1 to Q6 are, for example, FETs (Field Effect Transistors).
  • the switching element Q1 is connected between the positive side of the battery 2 and the U-phase output of the three-phase alternating current generator 3
  • the switching element Q2 is connected to the positive side of the battery 2 and the V of the three-phase alternating current generator 3.
  • the switching element Q3 is connected between the positive side of the battery 2 and the W-phase output of the three-phase AC generator 3.
  • the switching element Q4 is connected between the U-phase output of the three-phase AC generator 3 and the ground power supply (ground electrode) of the battery.
  • the switching element Q5 is connected to the V-phase output of the three-phase AC generator 3 and the battery.
  • the switching element Q6 is connected between the W-phase output of the three-phase AC generator 3 and the ground power supply of the battery 2.
  • the comparison unit 11 compares the voltage VBAT of the battery 2 (hereinafter referred to as “battery voltage VBAT”) and its target value.
  • the control unit 13 determines the phase angle ⁇ that defines the energization timing of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 of the conversion unit 14 for each phase of the output of the three-phase AC generator 3 based on the comparison result of the comparison unit 11, and the phase angle The energization of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 is controlled based on ⁇ .
  • the output current estimation unit 15 estimates the current flowing through the connection line L given by the output current IB of the battery charger 1 from the phase angle ⁇ determined by the control unit 13 and the rotational speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3. To do.
  • the voltage estimation unit 8 calculates a voltage drop due to the connection line L using the current estimated by the output current estimation unit 15 and estimates the battery voltage VBAT of the battery 2 using this voltage drop.
  • the pulsar signal detector 5 detects a pulsar signal SP induced in the pulsar coil 4 as the three-phase AC generator 3 rotates, and generates a pulsar signal SPD synchronized with the rotation of the three-phase AC generator 3.
  • the pulsar signal detection unit 5 outputs the pulsar signal SPD to the rotation speed calculation unit 6 and the control unit 13.
  • the rotation speed calculation unit 6 calculates the rotation speed RPM (rpm) of the three-phase AC generator 3 by, for example, counting the pulsar signal SPD per unit time generated by the pulsar signal detection unit 5.
  • the rotation speed calculation unit 6 outputs the calculated rotation speed RPM to the output current estimation unit 15.
  • the output voltage detector 7 detects the voltage value VB of the output terminal TOUT of the battery charging device 1 (hereinafter referred to as “output terminal voltage value VB”).
  • the output terminal voltage value VB is a voltage value that the battery charger 1 outputs to the battery 2.
  • the output voltage detector 7 outputs, for example, a voltage obtained by stepping down the output terminal voltage value VB by resistance division as a detected value of the output terminal voltage value VB.
  • the output voltage detection unit 7 outputs the detected output terminal voltage value VB to the battery voltage estimation unit 82 of the voltage estimation unit 8.
  • the temperature correction unit 10 corrects the calculation result of Expression (1) based on temperature information that affects the calculation result of Expression (1).
  • amendment part 10 here is not an essential component of the battery charging device 1, and can be abbreviate
  • the voltage drop estimation unit 81 provided in the voltage estimation unit 8 uses the output current of the battery charging device 1 estimated by the output current estimation unit 15 (to be described later) (hereinafter referred to as “output current IB”) as a connection line L.
  • the voltage drop VDROP at is estimated.
  • the output current IB is a current that is output to the battery 2 through the connection line L so that the battery charging device 1 charges the battery 2, and is a current that flows through the connection line L.
  • the output current IB is estimated by the output current estimator 15. A method for estimating the output current IB by the output current estimator 15 will be described later.
  • the voltage drop estimation unit 81 acquires the output current IB estimated by the output current estimation unit 15, and reads and acquires the connection line resistance value RL stored in advance in the resistance value storage unit 9.
  • the voltage drop estimation unit 81 calculates a voltage drop VDROP in the connection line L from the following equation (1) from the acquired output current IB and the connection line resistance value RL.
  • the voltage drop VDROP is a potential difference generated at both ends of the connection line L when the battery charging device 1 passes the output current IB through the connection line L.
  • VDROP IB ⁇ RL (1)
  • the voltage drop estimation unit 81 outputs the voltage drop VDROP calculated from the equation (1) to the battery voltage estimation unit 82.
  • the battery voltage estimation unit 82 acquires the output terminal voltage value VB detected by the output voltage detection unit 7 and the voltage drop VDROP calculated by the voltage drop estimation unit 81.
  • the battery voltage estimation unit 82 outputs the calculated battery voltage VBAT to the comparison unit 11.
  • the battery charger 1 does not charge the battery 2.
  • the battery 2 is charged so that the difference value Vd converges to zero.
  • the comparison unit 11 outputs the calculated difference value Vd to the control unit 13.
  • the phase angle determination unit 131 of the control unit 13 acquires the difference value Vd from the comparison unit 11. After obtaining the difference value Vd, the phase angle determination unit 131 refers to a phase angle table stored in advance in a storage unit (not shown) in the battery charger 1 to determine the phase angle ⁇ with respect to the difference value Vd. get.
  • the phase angle table is a table in which the difference value Vd is associated with the phase angle ⁇ . Such a correspondence relationship between the difference value Vd and the phase angle ⁇ is appropriately set so that charging required for setting the battery voltage VBAT to the target voltage Vref is performed.
  • the phase angle determination unit 131 determines the phase angle ⁇ from the acquired difference value Vd.
  • the phase angle determination unit 131 outputs the determined phase angle ⁇ to the gate signal generation unit 132.
  • the gate signal generation unit 132 acquires the phase angle ⁇ from the phase angle determination unit 131. Further, the gate signal generation unit 132 acquires the pulsar signal SPD from the pulsar signal detection unit 5. The gate signal generation unit 132 generates a gate signal for controlling energization of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 from the acquired phase angle ⁇ and the pulsar signal SPD. The gate signal generation unit 132 outputs the generated gate signal to each gate of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 of the conversion unit 14.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an operation example of the battery charger 1 in the embodiment of the present invention, and is a diagram for explaining an example of a control method for controlling the output current IB.
  • This example shows an example of a method for controlling the energization timing of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 when the output current IG of the three-phase AC generator 3 is rectified.
  • the example of FIG. 3 shows a case where the switching element Q1 is controlled to be energized in a period corresponding to a phase angle of 180 ° and the on-duty of the gate signal is fixed to 50%. Yes.
  • the pulsar signal SP has a waveform that falls at time t0 when the phase of the AC output current IG of the three-phase AC generator 3 becomes 0 °.
  • the gate signal SG1 applied to the gate of the switching element Q1 has a pulse width corresponding to a half cycle (180 ° phase angle) of the AC output current IG.
  • the phase angle ⁇ 1 indicates the rising position of the pulse of the gate signal SG1 with reference to the falling edge of the pulsar signal SP.
  • the present invention is not limited to this example, and the definition of the phase angle ⁇ is arbitrary.
  • the battery charging device 1 has the phase angle of the gate signals SG1 to SG6 that defines the timing (energization timing) of the switching operation of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 with respect to the AC output currents IG1, 2, and 3 of the three-phase AC generator 3.
  • the current value of the output current IB is controlled by performing retard angle control for delaying ⁇ or advance angle control for advancing the phase angle ⁇ .
  • the advance angle control is performed by making the rising edge of the gate signal SG1 of the switching element Q1 before the falling edge of the pulsar signal SP (phase angle reference).
  • the retard angle control is performed by setting the rise of the gate signal SG1 of the switching element Q1 after the fall of the pulsar signal SP (phase angle reference).
  • the gate signal SG1 represents a signal when the advance control is performed by advancing the rising edge of the gate signal SG1 to a position corresponding to the phase angle ⁇ 1.
  • the phase angle ⁇ is referred to as an advance angle amount.
  • the phase angle ⁇ is referred to as a retard amount.
  • the output current IB is the sum of the AC output currents IG1, 2, and 3 that are output during the ON time period of the gate signal SG.
  • the output current IB is formed by a current component indicated by the hatched portion of the waveform of the AC output currents IG1, 2 and 3.
  • the phase angle determination unit 131 determines a phase angle with respect to the new difference value Vd (hereinafter referred to as “new phase angle”).
  • the battery charger 1 performs advance angle control or retard angle control so that the battery voltage VBAT becomes the target voltage Vref based on the new phase angle ⁇ .
  • the new difference value Vd is greater than 0 (when the new phase angle is an advance angle)
  • the battery 2 is in an overcharged state, and the battery charger 1 needs to reduce the output current IB. is there.
  • the battery charger 1 performs advance angle control.
  • the battery charger 1 needs to increase the output current IB. In this case, the battery charging device 1 performs retardation control.
  • the delay control is performed with a delay amount larger than the phase angle ⁇ 0 corresponding to the timing at time t0 when the phase of the AC output current IG becomes 0 °
  • the output output during the ON time of the gate signal SG The current IB decreases.
  • the output current IB decreases without increasing despite the retardation control.
  • the advance angle control is performed with an advance amount larger than the phase angle ⁇ 2 corresponding to the timing at time t2 when the phase of the AC output current IG becomes ⁇ 180 °
  • the output output during the ON time of the gate signal SG1 increases. In this case, the output current IB increases without decreasing despite the advance angle control.
  • the phase angle ⁇ of the gate signal SG1 and the output current IB do not correspond to each other one-on-one, and the advance angle control and the retard angle control are hindered. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the advance amount limit value ⁇ MA and the retard amount limit value ⁇ MB are set.
  • limit value (theta) MA has shown the case where it exceeds 0 degree on the characteristics of 3 phase alternating current generator 3 grade
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram for capturing and explaining an operation example of the battery charging device 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and for explaining the phase angle calculation and control range of the gate signal SG of the switching element.
  • the vertical axis represents the phase angle ⁇
  • the horizontal axis represents the difference value Vd.
  • the battery charger 1 calculates the phase angle ⁇ from the difference value Vd between the battery voltage VBAT estimated by the battery voltage estimation unit 82 and the target value Vref so that the difference value Vd converges to zero. .
  • the battery charging device 1 performs advance angle or retard angle control based on the calculated phase angle ⁇ , and repeats a series of control cycles in which the battery 2 is charged at regular intervals.
  • the output current IB is controlled by controlling (shifting the timing) the phase angle ⁇ that gives the rising timing of the gate signal SG1 of the switching element Q1 based on the phase angle ⁇ .
  • the method for controlling the output current IB is not limited to this.
  • the output current IB can be controlled by controlling the pulse width of the gate signal SG (PWM control) based on the phase angle ⁇ .
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining another example of the operation of the battery charger 1 in the embodiment of the present invention, and is a diagram for explaining an example of another control method for controlling the output current IB.
  • PWM control for controlling the pulse width of the gate signal SG is used.
  • the rising timing of the gate signal SG is fixed to 0 ° in accordance with the phase of the output of the three-phase AC generator 3, and the falling timing of the gate signal SG is controlled based on the phase angle ⁇ .
  • the difference value Vd is larger than 0, the PWM control is performed so that the falling timing of the gate signal SG becomes longer (ON time becomes longer).
  • the PWM control is performed so that the falling timing of the date signal SG is shortened (ON time is shortened).
  • the area of the shaded portion of the AC output current waveform can be controlled, so that the output current IB can be controlled.
  • the output current IB may be controlled by controlling the pulse width of the gate signals SG1 to SG6 of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 based on the phase angle ⁇ .
  • the output current estimator 15 determines that the battery charging device 1 determines the current control cycle from the rotational speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3 acquired in the previous control cycle and the phase angle ⁇ acquired by the phase angle determiner 131. To estimate the output current IB output.
  • the AC output current IG2 has a phase difference of 120 ° and the AC output current IG3 has a phase difference of 240 ° with respect to the AC output current IG1.
  • the gate signal SG2 has a phase difference of 120 ° and the gate signal SG3 has a phase difference of 240 ° with respect to the gate signal SG1.
  • the conversion unit 14 turns off the switching element Q4 if, for example, the switching element Q1 is turned on so that both the upper and lower switching elements are not turned on. That is, the gate signals SG4, 5, and 6 have waveforms with inverted signs with respect to the gate signals SG1, SG2, and SG3.
  • the rotational speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3 that determines the AC output current IG, the phase angle ⁇ that controls the timing of the ON time of the gate signal SG, and the output current IB have a certain correspondence. Therefore, the output current IB can be estimated from the rotational speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3 that determines the AC output current IG and the phase angle ⁇ that controls the timing of the ON time of the gate signal SG.
  • an output current table that defines such a correspondence relationship is stored in advance in a storage unit (not shown) of the output current estimation unit 15.
  • the output current estimation unit 15 acquires the rotation speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3 from the rotation speed calculation unit 6. Further, the output current estimation unit 15 acquires the phase angle ⁇ from the phase angle determination unit 131.
  • the output current estimation unit 15 refers to the above-described output current table after obtaining the phase angle ⁇ and the rotational speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3. Then, the output current estimation unit 15 acquires the output current IB corresponding to the phase angle ⁇ and the rotation speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3 from the output current table. Thereby, the output current IBP is estimated.
  • the output current IB is a current flowing through the connection line L. Therefore, the voltage drop VDROP in the connection line L can be calculated using the output current IB.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a method of calculating IBP that is an estimated value of the output current IB by the battery charging device 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the vertical axis represents the output current IB
  • the horizontal axis represents the rotational speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3.
  • the characteristic line in the example of FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the output current IB and the rotation speed RPM at the phase angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG.
  • the output current estimation unit 15 uses the estimated value of the output current IB according to the phase angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2. A certain IBP can be calculated.
  • the characteristic line shown in FIG. 6 is obtained in advance by experiments, for example, and is stored in a storage unit (not shown) in the battery charger 1 as the output current table described above. Since the output current IB varies depending on the temperature of the generator, temperature characteristics may be added to the output current table.
  • the output current estimation unit 15 outputs the output current IBP estimated as the current flowing through the connection line L to the voltage drop estimation unit 81 described above.
  • the output current IB is estimated using the rotational speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3 and the phase angle ⁇ obtained by the phase angle determination unit 131 without directly detecting the output current IB.
  • the battery voltage VBAT can be obtained using the estimated output current IBP.
  • the rotational speed RPM and the phase angle ⁇ used for the estimation of the output current IB by the output current estimating unit 15 the control amount used in the advance angle control and the retard angle control of the battery charging device 1. Is being diverted. Accordingly, the output current IB is estimated without using a dedicated sensor including a detection line for detecting the battery voltage VBAT and a shunt resistor for detecting the output current, and the battery voltage is estimated using the output current IBP.
  • VBAT can be acquired. Therefore, it is possible to provide a battery charging device with a low device cost.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes various modifications made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
  • a Hall IC may be installed in a three-phase AC generator, and the rotation speed calculation unit 6 may calculate the rotation speed RPM from a signal from the installed Hall IC.
  • a signal indicating the rotation speed RPM may be supplied from the host ECU (Engine Control Unit) to the rotation speed calculation unit 6.

Abstract

A battery charging device has: a conversion unit for converting AC power output from an AC power generator to DC power using a switching element and supplying the converted DC power to a battery via a connection line; a comparison unit for comparing a battery voltage of said battery with a target value thereof; a control unit for determining a phase angle for specifying the activation timing of the switching element of said conversion unit on the basis of the comparison result of said comparison unit and controlling the activation of said switching element according to said phase angle; an output current estimation unit for estimating a current flowing through the connection line from the phase angle determined by said control unit and a rotational speed of said power generator; and a voltage estimation unit equipped with a voltage drop estimation unit and a battery voltage estimation unit, said voltage drop estimation unit calculating a voltage drop portion caused by said connection line using the output current estimated by said output current estimation unit to estimate a voltage drop, said battery voltage estimation unit estimating said battery voltage using said voltage drop portion.

Description

バッテリ充電装置Battery charger
　本発明は、バッテリ充電装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a battery charging device.
　車両などにおいて、エンジンに連動して回転する発電機により発電された交流電圧を所定の直流電圧に変換してバッテリに印加することによりバッテリを充電するバッテリ充電装置がある。この種のバッテリ充電装置は、バッテリとハーネスで接続され、ハーネスを介してバッテリの充電を行う。この充電の際、バッテリ充電装置は、ハーネスを介してバッテリ電圧を検出し、検出したバッテリ電圧が所望値となるようにバッテリ充電装置の出力電圧を調整している。 2. Description of the Related Art There are battery chargers that charge a battery by converting an AC voltage generated by a generator that rotates in conjunction with an engine into a predetermined DC voltage in a vehicle or the like and applying it to the battery. This type of battery charging device is connected to a battery through a harness and charges the battery via the harness. During this charging, the battery charging device detects the battery voltage via the harness and adjusts the output voltage of the battery charging device so that the detected battery voltage becomes a desired value.
　しかし、ハーネスには抵抗成分が存在するため、バッテリ充電装置からハーネスを介してバッテリに流れ込む電流により、ハーネスで電圧降下が発生する。そのため、充電電流が小さい時は電圧降下が小さいのでバッテリ電圧にあまり影響はないが、充電電流が大きい時ほど電圧降下が大きくなるのでハーネスを介して検出されるバッテリ電圧と実際のバッテリ電圧とが一致しなくなり、バッテリ電圧を精度よく検出することができないという問題がある。 However, since there is a resistance component in the harness, a voltage drop occurs in the harness due to the current flowing from the battery charger to the battery via the harness. Therefore, when the charging current is small, the voltage drop is small, so the battery voltage is not significantly affected.However, as the charging current is large, the voltage drop increases, so the battery voltage detected via the harness and the actual battery voltage are different. There is a problem that the battery voltages cannot be accurately detected because they do not match.
　この問題の解決を図った従来技術として、検出線を使用してバッテリ電圧を検出する技術がある。図７は、従来技術によるバッテリ電圧の検出手法を説明するための図であり、検出線ＳＬを使用してバッテリ２００のバッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴを検出する手法を示す。バッテリ充電装置１００の出力端子ＢはハーネスＨを介してバッテリ２００の正電極に接続されている。また、ハーネスＨとは別に、バッテリ充電装置１００の電圧検出端子Ｓには、検出線ＳＬを介してバッテリ２００の正電極が接続されている。この従来技術によれば、バッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴは、検出線ＳＬを介してバッテリ充電装置１００に検出される。電圧を検出する目的では検出線ＳＬに電流を流す必要がないので、原理的に検出線ＳＬで電圧降下は発生しない。従って、ハーネスＨでの電圧降下の影響を受けることなく、バッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴを精度よく検出することができる。 As a conventional technique for solving this problem, there is a technique for detecting a battery voltage using a detection line. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a battery voltage detection method according to the prior art, and shows a method of detecting the battery voltage VBAT of the battery 200 using the detection line SL. The output terminal B of the battery charging device 100 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery 200 via the harness H. In addition to the harness H, the positive electrode of the battery 200 is connected to the voltage detection terminal S of the battery charger 100 via the detection line SL. According to this prior art, the battery voltage VBAT is detected by the battery charging device 100 via the detection line SL. Since it is not necessary to pass a current through the detection line SL for the purpose of detecting the voltage, a voltage drop does not occur in the detection line SL in principle. Therefore, the battery voltage VBAT can be accurately detected without being affected by the voltage drop in the harness H.
　上述の問題の解決を図った他の従来技術として、電流検出用のセンサやシャント抵抗などを使用してハーネスでの電圧降下を検出する技術がある（例えば、特許文献１参照）。この従来技術によれば、ハーネスと直列に接続されたシャント抵抗の端子間電圧からバッテリ充電装置１００の出力電流ＩＢを検出し、その出力電流ＩＢと出力電圧ＶＢとハーネス抵抗Ｒとから、バッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴを、ＶＢＡＴ＝ＶＢ－Ｒ×ＩＢにより求める。 As another conventional technique for solving the above problem, there is a technique for detecting a voltage drop in a harness using a current detection sensor, a shunt resistor, or the like (see, for example, Patent Document 1). According to this prior art, the output current IB of the battery charger 100 is detected from the voltage across the terminals of the shunt resistor connected in series with the harness, and the battery voltage is determined from the output current IB, the output voltage VB, and the harness resistance R. VBAT is obtained by VBAT = VB−R × IB.
特開２０１３－６８６３９号公報JP 2013-68639 A
　しかしながら、上述の従来技術によれば、検出線やセンサ、シャント抵抗など、バッテリ電圧を検出するための専用の部品を備える必要があるため、装置コスト（部品単価、実装面積ＵＰによる装置サイズ）が上昇する。 However, according to the above-described conventional technology, it is necessary to provide dedicated parts for detecting the battery voltage, such as a detection line, a sensor, and a shunt resistor, so that the device cost (device unit price, device size due to increased mounting area) is reduced. To rise.
　本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的は、バッテリ電圧を検出するための専用センサを用いることなく、バッテリ電圧を求めることができるバッテリ充電装置を提供することである。 This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, The objective is to provide the battery charging device which can obtain | require a battery voltage, without using the exclusive sensor for detecting a battery voltage. .
　本発明の一態様は、交流発電機から出力された交流電力をスイッチング素子により直流電力に変換して接続線を介してバッテリに供給する変換部と、前記バッテリのバッテリ電圧とその目標値とを比較する比較部と、前記比較部の比較結果に基づいて前記変換部のスイッチング素子の通電タイミングを規定する位相角を決定し、前記位相角に基づいて前記スイッチング素子の通電を制御する制御部と、前記制御部により決定された位相角と前記交流発電機の回転数とから、前記接続線を流れる電流を推定する出力電流推定部と、前記出力電流推定部により推定された電流を用いて前記接続線による電圧降下分を算出して電圧降下を推定する電圧降下推定部、及び、前記電圧降下分を用いて前記バッテリ電圧を推定するバッテリ電圧推定部を備えた電圧推定部と、を有することを特徴とするバッテリ充電装置である。 One aspect of the present invention is a converter that converts AC power output from an AC generator into DC power by a switching element and supplies the DC power to a battery via a connection line, and a battery voltage of the battery and a target value thereof. A comparison unit for comparing, and a control unit that determines a phase angle that defines an energization timing of the switching element of the conversion unit based on a comparison result of the comparison unit, and that controls energization of the switching element based on the phase angle; The output current estimation unit for estimating the current flowing through the connection line from the phase angle determined by the control unit and the rotational speed of the AC generator, and the current estimated by the output current estimation unit, A voltage drop estimator that calculates a voltage drop due to the connecting line and estimates a voltage drop; and a battery voltage estimator that estimates the battery voltage using the voltage drop. A voltage estimation unit was example, a battery charger, characterized in that it comprises a.
　また、本発明の一態様は、バッテリ充電装置であって、前記出力電流推定部は、前記スイッチング素子の通電を制御する制御サイクルごとに、前記交流発電機の回転数と、前記制御部により決定された前記通電タイミングを規定する位相角と、前回の制御サイクルにおいて取得された前記交流発電機の回転数と、前記通電タイミングを規定する位相角から、前記接続線を流れる電流を推定することを特徴とする。 Further, one aspect of the present invention is a battery charging device, wherein the output current estimation unit is determined by the number of rotations of the AC generator and the control unit for each control cycle for controlling energization of the switching element. Estimating the current flowing through the connection line from the phase angle defining the energization timing, the rotational speed of the AC generator acquired in the previous control cycle, and the phase angle defining the energization timing. Features.
　また、本発明の一態様は、バッテリ充電装置であって、前記出力電流推定部は、前記交流発電機の回転数と前記変換部のスイッチング素子の通電タイミングを規定する位相角と当該バッテリ充電装置の出力電流との関係を規定したテーブルを有し、前記交流発電機の回転数と前記制御部により決定された位相角とに基づいて前記テーブルを参照することにより、前記接続線を流れる電流を推定することを特徴とする。 One embodiment of the present invention is a battery charging device, wherein the output current estimating unit includes a rotation angle of the AC generator and a phase angle that defines an energization timing of a switching element of the conversion unit, and the battery charging device. The current flowing through the connection line is obtained by referring to the table based on the rotational speed of the AC generator and the phase angle determined by the control unit. It is characterized by estimating.
　また、本発明の一態様は、バッテリ充電装置であって、前記バッテリ電圧推定部は、前記出力電流推定部によって推定された電流に前記接続線の抵抗値を乗じた値を当該バッテリ充電装置の出力電圧から差し引くことにより前記バッテリ電圧を推定することを特徴とする。 Further, one aspect of the present invention is a battery charging device, wherein the battery voltage estimation unit includes a value obtained by multiplying a current estimated by the output current estimation unit by a resistance value of the connection line. The battery voltage is estimated by subtracting from the output voltage.
　また、本発明の一態様は、バッテリ充電装置であって、前記電圧降下推定部の推定結果に影響を与える温度情報に基づいて、前記電圧降下推定部の推定結果を補正する温度補正部をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項４に記載のバッテリ充電装置。 One embodiment of the present invention is a battery charging device, further comprising a temperature correction unit that corrects the estimation result of the voltage drop estimation unit based on temperature information that affects the estimation result of the voltage drop estimation unit. The battery charger according to claim 4, further comprising:
　本発明の一態様によれば、バッテリ電圧を検出するためのセンサを用いることなくバッテリ電圧を求めることができる。 According to one aspect of the present invention, the battery voltage can be obtained without using a sensor for detecting the battery voltage.
本発明の実施形態におけるバッテリ充電装置の構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structural example of the battery charging device in embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態におけるバッテリ充電装置の構成例を示す図であり、図１に示すバッテリ充電装置の構成を信号の流れに着目して表現した図である。It is a figure which shows the structural example of the battery charging device in embodiment of this invention, and is the figure which expressed the structure of the battery charging device shown in FIG. 1 paying attention to the flow of a signal. 本発明の実施形態におけるバッテリ充電装置の動作例を説明するための図であり、出力電流を制御する制御方法の一例を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the operation example of the battery charging device in embodiment of this invention, and is a figure for demonstrating an example of the control method which controls output current. 本発明の実施形態におけるバッテリ充電装置の動作例を捕捉説明するための図であり、スイッチング素子のゲート信号の位相の制御範囲を説明するための図である。It is a figure for catching and explaining the example of operation of the battery charging device in the embodiment of the present invention, and is the figure for explaining the control range of the phase of the gate signal of a switching element. 本発明の実施形態におけるバッテリ充電装置の他の動作例を説明するための図であり、出力電流を制御する他の制御方法の一例を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the other operation example of the battery charging device in embodiment of this invention, and is a figure for demonstrating an example of the other control method which controls an output current. 本発明の実施形態におけるバッテリ充電装置による出力電流の推定手法を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the estimation method of the output current by the battery charging device in embodiment of this invention. 従来技術によるバッテリ電圧の検出手法を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the detection method of the battery voltage by a prior art.
　以下、本実施の一実施形態を、図面を参照して説明する。
　図１は、本発明の実施形態におけるバッテリ充電装置１の構成例を示す図である。
　また、図２は、本発明の実施形態におけるバッテリ充電装置１の構成例を示す図であり、図１に示すバッテリ充電装置１の構成を信号の流れに着目して表現した図である。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a battery charging device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the battery charging device 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and is a diagram expressing the configuration of the battery charging device 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 while paying attention to a signal flow.
　バッテリ充電装置１は、３相交流発電機３から出力された交流電力をスイッチング素子Ｑ１～Ｑ６により直流電力に変換してバッテリ２に供給することにより、バッテリ２を充電するものである。本実施形態では、バッテリ充電装置１は、スイッチング素子Ｑ１～Ｑ６のスイッチング動作のタイミング（通電タイミング）を３相交流発電機３の交流出力に対して遅らせる遅角制御、または進ませる進角制御を行うことにより、バッテリ２の充電状態（または放電状態）を制御している。その詳細については後述する。 The battery charger 1 charges the battery 2 by converting the AC power output from the three-phase AC generator 3 into DC power by the switching elements Q1 to Q6 and supplying the DC power to the battery 2. In the present embodiment, the battery charging device 1 performs delay angle control for delaying the timing (energization timing) of the switching operation of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 with respect to the AC output of the three-phase AC generator 3, or advance angle control for advancing. By doing so, the charging state (or discharging state) of the battery 2 is controlled. Details thereof will be described later.
　バッテリ充電装置１の入力端子ＴＩＮ１～ＴＩＮ３には、３相交流発電機３の各相の出力部が接続されている。３相交流発電機３は、車両等のエンジンに連動して回転することにより、交流電力を発電する。３相交流発電機３は、発電した交流電力をバッテリ充電装置１に出力する。３相交流発電機３のステータ側には、パルサコイル４が取り付けられている。パルサコイル４は、磁極部を備えた鉄心（不図示）に巻かれたコイルである。また、３相交流発電機３のロータ側には複数の複数のリラクタ４ａが取り付けられている。図１の例では、３個のリラクタ４ａが、１２０°ごとにロータの外周に取り付けられている。 The output part of each phase of the three-phase AC generator 3 is connected to the input terminals TIN1 to TIN3 of the battery charger 1. The three-phase AC generator 3 generates AC power by rotating in conjunction with an engine such as a vehicle. The three-phase AC generator 3 outputs the generated AC power to the battery charger 1. A pulsar coil 4 is attached to the stator side of the three-phase AC generator 3. The pulsar coil 4 is a coil wound around an iron core (not shown) having a magnetic pole part. A plurality of reluctators 4 a are attached to the rotor side of the three-phase AC generator 3. In the example of FIG. 1, three reluctors 4a are attached to the outer periphery of the rotor every 120 °.
　パルサコイル４は、例えばエンジンのクランク軸の回転に伴って、リラクタ４ａがパルサコイル４の鉄心の磁極部の近傍を通過する際にパルス信号を出力する。これにより、パルサコイル４は、３相交流発電機３のロータの回転により発生するロータの回転数（ｒｐｍ）を示すパルサ信号を出力する。パルサコイル４は、発生したパルサ信号をバッテリ充電装置１のパルス入力端子ＴＰＩＮに出力する。 The pulsar coil 4 outputs a pulse signal when the reluctator 4a passes in the vicinity of the magnetic pole portion of the iron core of the pulsar coil 4 with the rotation of the crankshaft of the engine, for example. Thereby, the pulsar coil 4 outputs a pulsar signal indicating the rotational speed (rpm) of the rotor generated by the rotation of the rotor of the three-phase AC generator 3. The pulsar coil 4 outputs the generated pulsar signal to the pulse input terminal TPIN of the battery charger 1.
　バッテリ充電装置１の出力端子ＴＯＵＴには、バッテリ２の正電極が接続されている。バッテリ２の負電極は、例えばバッテリ充電装置１が搭載された車両の車体に接地されている。本実施形態では、バッテリ充電装置１の出力端子ＴＯＵＴとバッテリ２は、ハーネスやケーブルなどの接続線Ｌを介して電気的に接続されている。 The positive electrode of the battery 2 is connected to the output terminal TOUT of the battery charger 1. The negative electrode of the battery 2 is grounded to the vehicle body of the vehicle on which the battery charger 1 is mounted, for example. In the present embodiment, the output terminal TOUT of the battery charging device 1 and the battery 2 are electrically connected via a connection line L such as a harness or a cable.
　次に、バッテリ充電装置１について詳細に説明する。
（構成の説明）
　図１は、本発明の実施形態におけるバッテリ充電装置１の構成例を示す図である。
　図１に示すように、バッテリ充電装置１は、パルサ信号検出部５、回転数演算部６、出力電圧検出部７、電圧推定部８、抵抗値記憶部９、温度補正部１０、比較部１１、目標電圧記憶部１２、制御部１３、変換部１４、出力電流推定部１５、を有している。このうち、電圧推定部８は、電圧降下推定部８１とバッテリ電圧推定部８２とを備えている。制御部１３は、位相角決定部１３１とゲート信号生成部１３２とを備えている。抵抗値記憶部９には、接続線Ｌの抵抗値ＲＬ（以下、「接続線抵抗値ＲＬ」という。）が予め記憶されている。 Next, the battery charger 1 will be described in detail.
(Description of configuration)
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a battery charging device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the battery charging device 1 includes a pulsar signal detection unit 5, a rotation speed calculation unit 6, an output voltage detection unit 7, a voltage estimation unit 8, a resistance value storage unit 9, a temperature correction unit 10, and a comparison unit 11. , Target voltage storage unit 12, control unit 13, conversion unit 14, and output current estimation unit 15. Among these, the voltage estimation unit 8 includes a voltage drop estimation unit 81 and a battery voltage estimation unit 82. The control unit 13 includes a phase angle determination unit 131 and a gate signal generation unit 132. The resistance value storage unit 9 stores a resistance value RL of the connection line L (hereinafter referred to as “connection line resistance value RL”) in advance.
　変換部１４は、３相交流発電機３から出力された交流電力をスイッチング素子Ｑ１～Ｑ６により直流電力に変換して接続線Ｌを介してバッテリ２に供給するものであり、スイッチング素子Ｑ１～Ｑ６を備えた３相ブリッジ整流回路から構成されている。スイッチング素子Ｑ１～Ｑ６は、例えばＦＥＴ（Ｆｉｅｌｄ　Ｅｆｆｅｃｔ　Ｔｒａｎｓｉｓｔｏｒ）である。ここで、スイッチング素子Ｑ１は、バッテリ２のプラス側と３相交流発電機３のＵ相出力との間に接続され、スイッチング素子Ｑ２は、バッテリ２のプラス側と３相交流発電機３のＶ相出力との間に接続され、スイッチング素子Ｑ３は、バッテリ２のプラス側と３相交流発電機３のＷ相出力との間に接続されている。また、スイッチング素子Ｑ４は、３相交流発電機３のＵ相出力とバッテリの接地電源（接地極）との間に接続され、スイッチング素子Ｑ５は、３相交流発電機３のＶ相出力とバッテリ２の接地電源との間に接続され、スイッチング素子Ｑ６は、３相交流発電機３のＷ相出力とバッテリ２の接地電源との間に接続されている。これらのスイッチング素子Ｑ１～Ｑ６は、ゲート信号生成部１３２から出力されるゲート信号ＳＧによりスイッチング駆動される。 The converter 14 converts the AC power output from the three-phase AC generator 3 into DC power by the switching elements Q1 to Q6 and supplies it to the battery 2 via the connection line L. The switching elements Q1 to Q6 It is comprised from the three-phase bridge rectifier circuit provided with. The switching elements Q1 to Q6 are, for example, FETs (Field Effect Transistors). Here, the switching element Q1 is connected between the positive side of the battery 2 and the U-phase output of the three-phase alternating current generator 3, and the switching element Q2 is connected to the positive side of the battery 2 and the V of the three-phase alternating current generator 3. The switching element Q3 is connected between the positive side of the battery 2 and the W-phase output of the three-phase AC generator 3. The switching element Q4 is connected between the U-phase output of the three-phase AC generator 3 and the ground power supply (ground electrode) of the battery. The switching element Q5 is connected to the V-phase output of the three-phase AC generator 3 and the battery. The switching element Q6 is connected between the W-phase output of the three-phase AC generator 3 and the ground power supply of the battery 2. These switching elements Q1 to Q6 are switched and driven by a gate signal SG output from the gate signal generation unit 132.
　比較部１１は、バッテリ２の電圧ＶＢＡＴ（以下、「バッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴ」と称す。）とその目標値とを比較するものである。制御部１３は、比較部１１の比較結果に基づいて３相交流発電機３の出力の各相に対する変換部１４のスイッチング素子Ｑ１～Ｑ６の通電タイミングを規定する位相角θを決定し、位相角θに基づいてスイッチング素子Ｑ１～Ｑ６の通電を制御するものである。出力電流推定部１５は、制御部１３により決定された位相角θと３相交流発電機３の回転数ＲＰＭとから、バッテリ充電装置１の出力電流ＩＢによって与えられる接続線Ｌを流れる電流を推定するものである。電圧推定部８は、出力電流推定部１５により推定された電流を用いて接続線Ｌによる電圧降下分を算出し、この電圧降下分を用いてバッテリ２のバッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴを推定するものである。 The comparison unit 11 compares the voltage VBAT of the battery 2 (hereinafter referred to as “battery voltage VBAT”) and its target value. The control unit 13 determines the phase angle θ that defines the energization timing of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 of the conversion unit 14 for each phase of the output of the three-phase AC generator 3 based on the comparison result of the comparison unit 11, and the phase angle The energization of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 is controlled based on θ. The output current estimation unit 15 estimates the current flowing through the connection line L given by the output current IB of the battery charger 1 from the phase angle θ determined by the control unit 13 and the rotational speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3. To do. The voltage estimation unit 8 calculates a voltage drop due to the connection line L using the current estimated by the output current estimation unit 15 and estimates the battery voltage VBAT of the battery 2 using this voltage drop.
（動作の説明）
　次に、本実施形態におけるバッテリ充電装置１の動作を説明する。
　パルサ信号検出部５は、３相交流発電機３の回転に伴ってパルサコイル４に誘起されるパルサ信号ＳＰを検出し、３相交流発電機３の回転に同期したパルサ信号ＳＰＤを生成する。パルサ信号検出部５は、パルサ信号ＳＰＤを回転数演算部６及び制御部１３に出力する。
　回転数演算部６は、例えば、パルサ信号検出部５が生成した単位時間当たりのパルサ信号ＳＰＤをカウントすることにより、３相交流発電機３の回転数ＲＰＭ（ｒｐｍ）を算出する。回転数演算部６は、出力電流推定部１５に、算出した回転数ＲＰＭを出力する。 (Description of operation)
Next, operation | movement of the battery charging device 1 in this embodiment is demonstrated.
The pulsar signal detector 5 detects a pulsar signal SP induced in the pulsar coil 4 as the three-phase AC generator 3 rotates, and generates a pulsar signal SPD synchronized with the rotation of the three-phase AC generator 3. The pulsar signal detection unit 5 outputs the pulsar signal SPD to the rotation speed calculation unit 6 and the control unit 13.
The rotation speed calculation unit 6 calculates the rotation speed RPM (rpm) of the three-phase AC generator 3 by, for example, counting the pulsar signal SPD per unit time generated by the pulsar signal detection unit 5. The rotation speed calculation unit 6 outputs the calculated rotation speed RPM to the output current estimation unit 15.
　出力電圧検出部７は、バッテリ充電装置１の出力端子ＴＯＵＴの電圧値ＶＢ（以下、「出力端子電圧値ＶＢ」という。）を検出する。出力端子電圧値ＶＢは、バッテリ充電装置１がバッテリ２に出力する電圧値である。出力電圧検出部７は、例えば抵抗分割により出力端子電圧値ＶＢを降圧して得られる電圧を、出力端子電圧値ＶＢの検出値として出力する。出力電圧検出部７は、検出した出力端子電圧値ＶＢを電圧推定部８のバッテリ電圧推定部８２に出力する。 The output voltage detector 7 detects the voltage value VB of the output terminal TOUT of the battery charging device 1 (hereinafter referred to as “output terminal voltage value VB”). The output terminal voltage value VB is a voltage value that the battery charger 1 outputs to the battery 2. The output voltage detector 7 outputs, for example, a voltage obtained by stepping down the output terminal voltage value VB by resistance division as a detected value of the output terminal voltage value VB. The output voltage detection unit 7 outputs the detected output terminal voltage value VB to the battery voltage estimation unit 82 of the voltage estimation unit 8.
　温度補正部１０は、式（１）の演算結果に影響を与える温度情報に基づいて、式（１）の演算結果を補正する。ただし、ここの温度補正部１０は、バッテリ充電装置１の必須構成要素ではなく、省略可能である。 The temperature correction unit 10 corrects the calculation result of Expression (1) based on temperature information that affects the calculation result of Expression (1). However, the temperature correction | amendment part 10 here is not an essential component of the battery charging device 1, and can be abbreviate | omitted.
　次に、後述する出力電流推定部１５と共に本実施形態の主要な特徴部の一つである電圧推定部８の動作を説明する。
　電圧推定部８に備えられた電圧降下推定部８１は、後述する出力電流推定部１５によって推定されたバッテリ充電装置１の出力電流（以下、「出力電流ＩＢ」という。）を用いて接続線Ｌでの電圧降下分ＶＤＲＯＰを推定する。ここで、出力電流ＩＢは、バッテリ充電装置１がバッテリ２を充電するために、接続線Ｌを通じてバッテリ２に出力する電流であり、接続線Ｌに流れる電流である。出力電流ＩＢは、出力電流推定部１５によって推定されるが、この出力電流推定部１５による出力電流ＩＢの推定方法は後述する。 Next, the operation of the voltage estimator 8 which is one of the main features of this embodiment will be described together with the output current estimator 15 described later.
The voltage drop estimation unit 81 provided in the voltage estimation unit 8 uses the output current of the battery charging device 1 estimated by the output current estimation unit 15 (to be described later) (hereinafter referred to as “output current IB”) as a connection line L. The voltage drop VDROP at is estimated. Here, the output current IB is a current that is output to the battery 2 through the connection line L so that the battery charging device 1 charges the battery 2, and is a current that flows through the connection line L. The output current IB is estimated by the output current estimator 15. A method for estimating the output current IB by the output current estimator 15 will be described later.
　電圧降下推定部８１は、出力電流推定部１５によって推定された出力電流ＩＢを取得するとともに、抵抗値記憶部９に予め記憶された接続線抵抗値ＲＬを読み出して取得する。電圧降下推定部８１は、取得した出力電流ＩＢと接続線抵抗値ＲＬとから、接続線Ｌでの電圧降下分ＶＤＲＯＰを以下に示す式（１）から算出する。
電圧降下分ＶＤＲＯＰは、バッテリ充電装置１が接続線Ｌに出力電流ＩＢを流したときに、接続線Ｌの両端に発生する電位差である。
　ＶＤＲＯＰ＝ＩＢ×ＲＬ　・・・（１）
　電圧降下推定部８１は、式（１）から算出した電圧降下分ＶＤＲＯＰを、バッテリ電圧推定部８２に出力する。 The voltage drop estimation unit 81 acquires the output current IB estimated by the output current estimation unit 15, and reads and acquires the connection line resistance value RL stored in advance in the resistance value storage unit 9. The voltage drop estimation unit 81 calculates a voltage drop VDROP in the connection line L from the following equation (1) from the acquired output current IB and the connection line resistance value RL.
The voltage drop VDROP is a potential difference generated at both ends of the connection line L when the battery charging device 1 passes the output current IB through the connection line L.
VDROP = IB × RL (1)
The voltage drop estimation unit 81 outputs the voltage drop VDROP calculated from the equation (1) to the battery voltage estimation unit 82.
　バッテリ電圧推定部８２は、出力電圧検出部７が検出した出力端子電圧値ＶＢと電圧降下推定部８１が算出した電圧降下分ＶＤＲＯＰとを取得する。バッテリ電圧推定部８２は、出力端子電圧値ＶＢと電圧降下分ＶＤＲＯＰとから、バッテリ２のバッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴを以下に示す式（２）から算出する。すなわち、電圧推定部８は、出力電流推定部１５によって推定された電流に接続線Ｌの抵抗値を乗じた値をバッテリ充電装置１の出力端子電圧値ＶＢから差し引くことによりバッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴを算出する。
　ＶＢＡＴ＝ＶＢ－ＶＤＲＯＰ　・・・（２）
　バッテリ電圧推定部８２は、算出したバッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴを比較部１１に出力する。 The battery voltage estimation unit 82 acquires the output terminal voltage value VB detected by the output voltage detection unit 7 and the voltage drop VDROP calculated by the voltage drop estimation unit 81. The battery voltage estimation unit 82 calculates the battery voltage VBAT of the battery 2 from the following equation (2) from the output terminal voltage value VB and the voltage drop VDROP. That is, the voltage estimation unit 8 calculates the battery voltage VBAT by subtracting a value obtained by multiplying the current estimated by the output current estimation unit 15 by the resistance value of the connection line L from the output terminal voltage value VB of the battery charger 1. .
VBAT = VB−VDROP (2)
The battery voltage estimation unit 82 outputs the calculated battery voltage VBAT to the comparison unit 11.
　比較部１１は、バッテリ電圧推定部８２が算出したバッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴを取得する。また、比較部１１は、目標電圧記憶部１２に予め記憶されたバッテリの目標電圧Ｖｒｅｆ（所望値）を読み出して取得する。比較部１１は、取得したバッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴと目標電圧Ｖｒｅｆとを比較し、この比較結果としてバッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴと目標電圧Ｖｒｅｆの差分値Ｖｄ（以下、「差分値Ｖｄ」という。）を算出する。差分値Ｖｄは、Ｖｄ＝Ｖｒｅｆ－ＶＢＡＴから算出される。ここで、差分値Ｖｄ＞０の場合、バッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴは、目標電圧Ｖｒｅｆに達していない。この場合、バッテリ充電装置１はバッテリ２を充電する。一方、Ｖｄ≦０の場合、バッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴは、目標電圧Ｖｒｅｆに達している。この場合、バッテリ充電装置１はバッテリ２を充電しない。このように、差分値Ｖｄがゼロに収束するようにバッテリ２の充電が行われる。比較部１１は、算出した差分値Ｖｄを制御部１３に出力する。 The comparison unit 11 acquires the battery voltage VBAT calculated by the battery voltage estimation unit 82. Further, the comparison unit 11 reads and acquires the target voltage Vref (desired value) of the battery stored in advance in the target voltage storage unit 12. The comparison unit 11 compares the acquired battery voltage VBAT with the target voltage Vref, and calculates a difference value Vd (hereinafter referred to as “difference value Vd”) between the battery voltage VBAT and the target voltage Vref as a comparison result. The difference value Vd is calculated from Vd = Vref−VBAT. Here, when the difference value Vd> 0, the battery voltage VBAT has not reached the target voltage Vref. In this case, the battery charging device 1 charges the battery 2. On the other hand, when Vd ≦ 0, the battery voltage VBAT has reached the target voltage Vref. In this case, the battery charger 1 does not charge the battery 2. Thus, the battery 2 is charged so that the difference value Vd converges to zero. The comparison unit 11 outputs the calculated difference value Vd to the control unit 13.
　制御部１３の位相角決定部１３１は、比較部１１から差分値Ｖｄを取得する。位相角決定部１３１は、差分値Ｖｄを取得した後、バッテリ充電装置１内にある不図示の記憶部に予め記憶してある位相角テーブルを参照することにより、差分値Ｖｄに対する位相角θを取得する。ここで、位相角テーブルは、差分値Ｖｄと位相角θとを対応させたテーブルである。このような差分値Ｖｄと位相角θとの対応関係は、バッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴを目標電圧Ｖｒｅｆとするために必要とされる充電が実施されるように適切に設定される。この位相角テーブルを参照することにより、位相角決定部１３１は、取得した差分値Ｖｄから位相角θを決定する。位相角決定部１３１は、決定した位相角θをゲート信号生成部１３２に出力する。 The phase angle determination unit 131 of the control unit 13 acquires the difference value Vd from the comparison unit 11. After obtaining the difference value Vd, the phase angle determination unit 131 refers to a phase angle table stored in advance in a storage unit (not shown) in the battery charger 1 to determine the phase angle θ with respect to the difference value Vd. get. Here, the phase angle table is a table in which the difference value Vd is associated with the phase angle θ. Such a correspondence relationship between the difference value Vd and the phase angle θ is appropriately set so that charging required for setting the battery voltage VBAT to the target voltage Vref is performed. By referring to this phase angle table, the phase angle determination unit 131 determines the phase angle θ from the acquired difference value Vd. The phase angle determination unit 131 outputs the determined phase angle θ to the gate signal generation unit 132.
　ゲート信号生成部１３２は、位相角決定部１３１から位相角θを取得する。また、ゲート信号生成部１３２は、パルサ信号検出部５からパルサ信号ＳＰＤを取得する。ゲート信号生成部１３２は、取得した位相角θとパルサ信号ＳＰＤとから、スイッチング素子Ｑ１～Ｑ６の通電を制御するためのゲート信号を生成する。ゲート信号生成部１３２は、生成したゲート信号を変換部１４のスイッチン素子Ｑ１～Ｑ６の各ゲートに出力する。 The gate signal generation unit 132 acquires the phase angle θ from the phase angle determination unit 131. Further, the gate signal generation unit 132 acquires the pulsar signal SPD from the pulsar signal detection unit 5. The gate signal generation unit 132 generates a gate signal for controlling energization of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 from the acquired phase angle θ and the pulsar signal SPD. The gate signal generation unit 132 outputs the generated gate signal to each gate of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 of the conversion unit 14.
　次に、スイッチング素子Ｑ１～Ｑ６のスイッチング動作のタイミング（位相角θ）について図を用いて説明する。図３は、本発明の実施形態におけるバッテリ充電装置１の動作例を説明するための図であり、出力電流ＩＢを制御する制御方法の一例を説明するための図である。この例は、３相交流発電機３の出力電流ＩＧを整流する場合のスイッチング素子Ｑ１～Ｑ６の通電タイミングの制御方法の一例を示している。なお、本実施形態では、図３の例は、スイッチング素子Ｑ１を１８０°の位相角に相当する期間において通電状態とする制御を行い、ゲート信号のオンデューティを５０％に固定した場合を示している。 Next, the switching operation timing (phase angle θ) of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an operation example of the battery charger 1 in the embodiment of the present invention, and is a diagram for explaining an example of a control method for controlling the output current IB. This example shows an example of a method for controlling the energization timing of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 when the output current IG of the three-phase AC generator 3 is rectified. In the present embodiment, the example of FIG. 3 shows a case where the switching element Q1 is controlled to be energized in a period corresponding to a phase angle of 180 ° and the on-duty of the gate signal is fixed to 50%. Yes.
　図３に示す例では、パルサ信号ＳＰは、３相交流発電機３の交流出力電流ＩＧの位相が０°となる時刻ｔ０のタイミングで立ち下がる波形を有している。また、スイッチング素子Ｑ１のゲートに印加されるゲート信号ＳＧ１は、交流出力電流ＩＧの半周期（１８０°の位相角）に相当するパルス幅を有している。この例では、位相角θ１は、パルサ信号ＳＰの立下がりを基準としたゲート信号ＳＧ１のパルスの立ち上がり位置を示している。ただし、この例に限定されず、位相角θの定義は任意である。 In the example shown in FIG. 3, the pulsar signal SP has a waveform that falls at time t0 when the phase of the AC output current IG of the three-phase AC generator 3 becomes 0 °. The gate signal SG1 applied to the gate of the switching element Q1 has a pulse width corresponding to a half cycle (180 ° phase angle) of the AC output current IG. In this example, the phase angle θ1 indicates the rising position of the pulse of the gate signal SG1 with reference to the falling edge of the pulsar signal SP. However, the present invention is not limited to this example, and the definition of the phase angle θ is arbitrary.
　バッテリ充電装置１は、３相交流発電機３の交流出力電流ＩＧ１、２、３に対して、スイッチング素子Ｑ１～Ｑ６のスイッチング動作のタイミング（通電タイミング）を規定するゲート信号ＳＧ１～６の位相角θを遅らせる遅角制御、または位相角θを進ませる進角制御を行うことにより、出力電流ＩＢの電流値を制御する。例えば、進角制御は、スイッチング素子Ｑ１のゲート信号ＳＧ１の立ち上がりをパルサ信号ＳＰの立下り（位相角基準）より前にすることにより実施される。また、遅角制御は、スイッチング素子Ｑ１のゲート信号ＳＧ１の立ち上がりをパルサ信号ＳＰの立下り（位相角基準）より後にすることにより実施される。図３に示す例では、ゲート信号ＳＧ１は、ゲート信号ＳＧ１の立ち上がりを位相角θ１に相当する位置まで進めて進角制御を行う場合の信号を表している。ここで、進角制御する場合、位相角θを進角量という。一方、遅角制御する場合、位相角θを遅角量という。
　出力電流ＩＢは、ゲート信号ＳＧのオン時間の期間で出力される交流出力電流ＩＧ１、２、３の総和となる。図３に示す例では、出力電流ＩＢは、交流出力電流ＩＧ１、２、３の波形の斜線部分により示される電流成分によって形成される。 The battery charging device 1 has the phase angle of the gate signals SG1 to SG6 that defines the timing (energization timing) of the switching operation of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 with respect to the AC output currents IG1, 2, and 3 of the three-phase AC generator 3. The current value of the output current IB is controlled by performing retard angle control for delaying θ or advance angle control for advancing the phase angle θ. For example, the advance angle control is performed by making the rising edge of the gate signal SG1 of the switching element Q1 before the falling edge of the pulsar signal SP (phase angle reference). In addition, the retard angle control is performed by setting the rise of the gate signal SG1 of the switching element Q1 after the fall of the pulsar signal SP (phase angle reference). In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, the gate signal SG1 represents a signal when the advance control is performed by advancing the rising edge of the gate signal SG1 to a position corresponding to the phase angle θ1. Here, when the advance angle control is performed, the phase angle θ is referred to as an advance angle amount. On the other hand, when the retard control is performed, the phase angle θ is referred to as a retard amount.
The output current IB is the sum of the AC output currents IG1, 2, and 3 that are output during the ON time period of the gate signal SG. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the output current IB is formed by a current component indicated by the hatched portion of the waveform of the AC output currents IG1, 2 and 3.
　位相角決定部１３１は、各制御サイクルにおいて新たな差分値Ｖｄを取得した場合、新たな差分値Ｖｄに対する位相角（以下、「新たな位相角」という。）を決定する。バッテリ充電装置１は、各制御サイクルにおいて、新たな位相角θに基づいて、バッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴが目標電圧Ｖｒｅｆになるように進角制御もしくは遅角制御を行う。
　具体的には、新たな差分値Ｖｄが０より大きい場合（新たな位相角が進角の場合）、バッテリ２が過充電状態にあり、バッテリ充電装置１は、出力電流ＩＢを減少させる必要がある。この場合、バッテリ充電装置１は進角制御を行う。一方、新たに取得した差分値Ｖｄが０より小さい場合、バッテリ充電装置１は、出力電流ＩＢを増加させる必要がある。この場合、バッテリ充電装置１は遅角制御を行う。 When a new difference value Vd is acquired in each control cycle, the phase angle determination unit 131 determines a phase angle with respect to the new difference value Vd (hereinafter referred to as “new phase angle”). In each control cycle, the battery charger 1 performs advance angle control or retard angle control so that the battery voltage VBAT becomes the target voltage Vref based on the new phase angle θ.
Specifically, when the new difference value Vd is greater than 0 (when the new phase angle is an advance angle), the battery 2 is in an overcharged state, and the battery charger 1 needs to reduce the output current IB. is there. In this case, the battery charger 1 performs advance angle control. On the other hand, when the newly acquired difference value Vd is smaller than 0, the battery charger 1 needs to increase the output current IB. In this case, the battery charging device 1 performs retardation control.
　ただし、例えば、交流出力電流ＩＧの位相が０°となる時刻ｔ０のタイミングに相当する位相角θ０より大きい遅角量で遅角制御を行った場合、ゲート信号ＳＧのオン時間に出力される出力電流ＩＢは減少する。この場合、遅角制御にもかかわらず、出力電流ＩＢは、増加せずに減少してしまう。逆に、交流出力電流ＩＧの位相が－１８０°となる時刻ｔ２のタイミングに相当する位相角θ２より大きい進角量で進角制御を行った場合、ゲート信号ＳＧ１のオン時間に出力される出力電流ＩＢは増加する。この場合、進角制御にもかかわらず、出力電流ＩＢは、減少せずに、増加してしまう。このような場合、ゲート信号ＳＧ１の位相角θと出力電流ＩＢとが１対１に対応しなくなり、進角制御および遅角制御に支障が生じる。このため、本実施形態では、進角量のリミット値θＭＡと遅角量のリミット値θＭＢとを設定する。なお、リミット値θＭＡは、３相交流発電機３等の特性上、０°を超える場合を示している。 However, for example, when the delay control is performed with a delay amount larger than the phase angle θ0 corresponding to the timing at time t0 when the phase of the AC output current IG becomes 0 °, the output output during the ON time of the gate signal SG The current IB decreases. In this case, the output current IB decreases without increasing despite the retardation control. Conversely, when the advance angle control is performed with an advance amount larger than the phase angle θ2 corresponding to the timing at time t2 when the phase of the AC output current IG becomes −180 °, the output output during the ON time of the gate signal SG1 The current IB increases. In this case, the output current IB increases without decreasing despite the advance angle control. In such a case, the phase angle θ of the gate signal SG1 and the output current IB do not correspond to each other one-on-one, and the advance angle control and the retard angle control are hindered. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the advance amount limit value θMA and the retard amount limit value θMB are set. In addition, limit value (theta) MA has shown the case where it exceeds 0 degree on the characteristics of 3 phase alternating current generator 3 grade | etc.,.
　図４は、本発明の実施形態におけるバッテリ充電装置１の動作例を捕捉説明するための図であり、スイッチング素子のゲート信号ＳＧの位相角算出及び制御範囲を説明するための図である。図４において、縦軸は位相角θを表し、横軸は差分値Ｖｄを表している。図４において、値Ｖｄａは、遅角量のリミット値θＭＡ（＝θ０）に対応する差分値Ｖｄである。また、値Ｖｄｂは、進角量のリミット値θＭＢ（＝θ２）に対応する差分値Ｖｄである。遅角量のリミット値θＭＡおよび進角量のリミット値θＭＢを設けたことにより、図４に示すように、差分値Ｖｄが値Ｖｄｂより大きい場合、進角値は進角量のリミット値θ２に固定される。よって、進角制御を行う場合、出力電流ＩＢは増加しなくなる。また、差分値Ｖｄが値Ｖｄａより小さい場合、遅角値は遅角量のリミット値θ０に固定される。よって、遅角制御を行う場合、出力電流ＩＢは減少しなくなる。これにより、ゲート信号ＳＧの位相角θと出力電流ＩＢとが１対１に対応し、進角制御および遅角制御が正常に機能するようになる。 FIG. 4 is a diagram for capturing and explaining an operation example of the battery charging device 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and for explaining the phase angle calculation and control range of the gate signal SG of the switching element. In FIG. 4, the vertical axis represents the phase angle θ, and the horizontal axis represents the difference value Vd. In FIG. 4, the value Vda is a difference value Vd corresponding to the retardation amount limit value θMA (= θ0). The value Vdb is a difference value Vd corresponding to the advance amount limit value θMB (= θ2). By providing the retard amount limit value θMA and the advance amount limit value θMB, as shown in FIG. 4, when the difference value Vd is larger than the value Vdb, the advance value is set to the advance amount limit value θ2. Fixed. Therefore, when the advance angle control is performed, the output current IB does not increase. When the difference value Vd is smaller than the value Vda, the retardation value is fixed to the retardation amount limit value θ0. Therefore, when the retard control is performed, the output current IB does not decrease. As a result, the phase angle θ of the gate signal SG and the output current IB have a one-to-one correspondence, and the advance angle control and the retard angle control function normally.
　上述したように、バッテリ充電装置１は、バッテリ電圧推定部８２が推定したバッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴと目標値Ｖｒｅｆとの差分値Ｖｄから、この差分値Ｖｄがゼロに収束するように位相角θを算出する。バッテリ充電装置１は、算出した位相角θに基づいて進角又は遅角制御を行い、バッテリ２を充電するという一連の制御サイクルを一定時間毎に繰り返す。 As described above, the battery charger 1 calculates the phase angle θ from the difference value Vd between the battery voltage VBAT estimated by the battery voltage estimation unit 82 and the target value Vref so that the difference value Vd converges to zero. . The battery charging device 1 performs advance angle or retard angle control based on the calculated phase angle θ, and repeats a series of control cycles in which the battery 2 is charged at regular intervals.
　上述の例では、位相角θに基づいてスイッチング素子Ｑ１のゲート信号ＳＧ１の立ち上がりのタイミングを与える位相角θを制御する（タイミングをシフトする）ことで、出力電流ＩＢを制御している。しかし、出力電流ＩＢを制御する方法は、これに限らない。例えば、位相角θに基づいて、ゲート信号ＳＧのパルス幅を制御（ＰＷＭ制御）することで出力電流ＩＢを制御することができる。 In the above example, the output current IB is controlled by controlling (shifting the timing) the phase angle θ that gives the rising timing of the gate signal SG1 of the switching element Q1 based on the phase angle θ. However, the method for controlling the output current IB is not limited to this. For example, the output current IB can be controlled by controlling the pulse width of the gate signal SG (PWM control) based on the phase angle θ.
　図５は、本発明の実施形態におけるバッテリ充電装置１の他の動作例を説明するための図であり、出力電流ＩＢを制御する他の制御方法の一例を説明するための図である。この例では、ゲート信号ＳＧのパルス幅を制御するＰＷＭ制御を用いている。例えば、ゲート信号ＳＧの立ち上がりのタイミングを、３相交流発電機３の出力の位相に合わせて０°に固定し、ゲート信号ＳＧの立下りのタイミングを位相角θに基づいて制御する。差分値Ｖｄが０よりも大きい場合、ゲート信号ＳＧの立下りのタイミングが長くなる（オン時間が長くなる）ようにＰＷＭ制御を行う。一方、差分値Ｖｄが０よりも小さい場合、デート信号ＳＧの立下りのタイミングが短くなる（ＯＮ時間が短くなる）ようにＰＷＭ制御を行う。これより、交流出力電流波形の斜線部分の面積を制御できるため、出力電流ＩＢを制御することができる。このように、位相角θに基づいてスイッチング素子Ｑ１～Ｑ６のゲート信号ＳＧ１～６のパルス幅を制御することで、出力電流ＩＢを制御してもよい。 FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining another example of the operation of the battery charger 1 in the embodiment of the present invention, and is a diagram for explaining an example of another control method for controlling the output current IB. In this example, PWM control for controlling the pulse width of the gate signal SG is used. For example, the rising timing of the gate signal SG is fixed to 0 ° in accordance with the phase of the output of the three-phase AC generator 3, and the falling timing of the gate signal SG is controlled based on the phase angle θ. When the difference value Vd is larger than 0, the PWM control is performed so that the falling timing of the gate signal SG becomes longer (ON time becomes longer). On the other hand, when the difference value Vd is smaller than 0, the PWM control is performed so that the falling timing of the date signal SG is shortened (ON time is shortened). Thus, the area of the shaded portion of the AC output current waveform can be controlled, so that the output current IB can be controlled. Thus, the output current IB may be controlled by controlling the pulse width of the gate signals SG1 to SG6 of the switching elements Q1 to Q6 based on the phase angle θ.
　次に、上述の電圧推定部８と共に本実施形態の主要な特徴部の一つである出力電流推定部１５の動作を説明する。
　出力電流推定部１５は、前回の制御サイクルにおいて取得された３相交流発電機３の回転数ＲＰＭと位相角決定部１３１により取得された位相角θとから、バッテリ充電装置１が今回の制御サイクルで出力する出力電流ＩＢを推定する。
　一定回転で３相交流発電機３が回転している場合、交流出力電流ＩＧ１（＝ＩＧ２＝ＩＧ３）の電流値は一定である。交流出力電流ＩＧ１に対し、スイッチング素子Ｑ１をどのタイミングでＯＮ（Ｑ４はＯＦＦ）させて充電させるか、逆にスイッチング素子Ｑ４をＯＮさせて（スイッチング素子Ｑ１はＯＦＦ）充電させずに３相交流発電機３へ回生させるかは、位相角によって決定している。また、交流出力電流ＩＧ１に対し、交流出力電流ＩＧ２は１２０°の位相差、交流出力電流ＩＧ３は２４０°の位相差がある。同様にゲート信号ＳＧ１に対し、ゲート信号ＳＧ２は１２０°の位相差、ゲート信号ＳＧ３は２４０°の位相差がある。また、スイッチング素子Ｑ１とスイッチング素子Ｑ４、スイッチング素子Ｑ２とスイッチング素子Ｑ５、スイッチング素子Ｑ３とスイッチング素子Ｑ６が同時にＯＮすると上下短絡となる。その結果、変換部１４は、バッテリショートと同じ状態となり大電流がＦＥＴに流れ、ＦＥＴの定格電流を超えるとＦＥＴを破壊する。よって、変換部１４は、上下のスイッチング素子が両方ともＯＮしないように例えばスイッチング素子Ｑ１がＯＮであればスイッチング素子Ｑ４はＯＦＦにしている。すなわち、ゲート信号ＳＧ１、２、３に対しゲート信号ＳＧ４、５、６は符号が反転した波形となる。 Next, the operation of the output current estimation unit 15 which is one of the main characteristic parts of the present embodiment together with the voltage estimation unit 8 will be described.
The output current estimator 15 determines that the battery charging device 1 determines the current control cycle from the rotational speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3 acquired in the previous control cycle and the phase angle θ acquired by the phase angle determiner 131. To estimate the output current IB output.
When the three-phase AC generator 3 is rotating at a constant rotation, the current value of the AC output current IG1 (= IG2 = IG3) is constant. Three-phase AC power generation without charging the switching element Q1 with respect to the AC output current IG1 at which timing the switching element Q1 is turned ON (Q4 is OFF) or charging is performed by switching the switching element Q4 ON (switching element Q1 is OFF). Whether to regenerate to the machine 3 is determined by the phase angle. Further, the AC output current IG2 has a phase difference of 120 ° and the AC output current IG3 has a phase difference of 240 ° with respect to the AC output current IG1. Similarly, the gate signal SG2 has a phase difference of 120 ° and the gate signal SG3 has a phase difference of 240 ° with respect to the gate signal SG1. Further, when the switching element Q1 and the switching element Q4, the switching element Q2 and the switching element Q5, and the switching element Q3 and the switching element Q6 are simultaneously turned ON, a vertical short circuit occurs. As a result, the conversion unit 14 is in the same state as a battery short circuit, and a large current flows through the FET. When the rated current of the FET is exceeded, the FET is destroyed. Therefore, the conversion unit 14 turns off the switching element Q4 if, for example, the switching element Q1 is turned on so that both the upper and lower switching elements are not turned on. That is, the gate signals SG4, 5, and 6 have waveforms with inverted signs with respect to the gate signals SG1, SG2, and SG3.
　交流出力電流ＩＧを定める３相交流発電機３の回転数ＲＰＭと、ゲート信号ＳＧのオン時間のタイミングを制御する位相角θと、出力電流ＩＢとは、一定の対応関係を有する。よって、交流出力電流ＩＧを定める３相交流発電機３の回転数ＲＰＭと、ゲート信号ＳＧのオン時間のタイミングを制御する位相角θとから、出力電流ＩＢを推定することができる。本実施形態では、このような対応関係を規定した出力電流テーブルが出力電流推定部１５の不図示の記憶部に予め記憶されている。 The rotational speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3 that determines the AC output current IG, the phase angle θ that controls the timing of the ON time of the gate signal SG, and the output current IB have a certain correspondence. Therefore, the output current IB can be estimated from the rotational speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3 that determines the AC output current IG and the phase angle θ that controls the timing of the ON time of the gate signal SG. In the present embodiment, an output current table that defines such a correspondence relationship is stored in advance in a storage unit (not shown) of the output current estimation unit 15.
　出力電流推定部１５は、回転数演算部６から３相交流発電機３の回転数ＲＰＭを取得する。また、出力電流推定部１５は、位相角決定部１３１から位相角θを取得する。
出力電流推定部１５は、位相角θと３相交流発電機３の回転数ＲＰＭとを取得した後、上述の出力電流テーブルを参照する。そして、出力電流推定部１５は、出力電流テーブルから、位相角θと３相交流発電機３の回転数ＲＰＭとに対応する出力電流ＩＢを取得する。これにより出力電流ＩＢＰが推定される。ここで、本実施形態では、出力電流ＩＢは接続線Ｌを流れる電流である。従って、接続線Ｌでの電圧降下分ＶＤＲＯＰは出力電流ＩＢを用いて算出することができる。 The output current estimation unit 15 acquires the rotation speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3 from the rotation speed calculation unit 6. Further, the output current estimation unit 15 acquires the phase angle θ from the phase angle determination unit 131.
The output current estimation unit 15 refers to the above-described output current table after obtaining the phase angle θ and the rotational speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3. Then, the output current estimation unit 15 acquires the output current IB corresponding to the phase angle θ and the rotation speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3 from the output current table. Thereby, the output current IBP is estimated. Here, in the present embodiment, the output current IB is a current flowing through the connection line L. Therefore, the voltage drop VDROP in the connection line L can be calculated using the output current IB.
　図６を用いて、上述の出力電流テーブルの詳細を説明する。図６は、本発明の実施形態におけるバッテリ充電装置１による出力電流ＩＢの推定値であるＩＢＰの算出手法を説明するための図である。図６では、縦軸は出力電流ＩＢを示し、横軸は３相交流発電機３の回転数ＲＰＭを示している。図６の例における特性線は、図３で示した位相角θ１，θ２での出力電流ＩＢと回転数ＲＰＭとの関係を示している。図６に示すように、例えば、出力電流推定部１５が取得した回転数ＲＰＭが値ＮＢである場合、出力電流推定部１５は、位相角θ１，θ２に応じて、出力電流ＩＢの推定値であるＩＢＰの算出することができる。図６に示す特性線は、例えば実験で予め求められ、上述の出力電流テーブルとしてバッテリ充電装置１内にある不図示の記憶部に記憶されている。出力電流ＩＢは発電機の温度によっても変化するので、出力電流テーブルに温度特性を加えても良い。
　出力電流推定部１５は、接続線Ｌを流れる電流として推定した出力電流ＩＢＰを、上述した電圧降下推定部８１に出力する。 Details of the output current table described above will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a method of calculating IBP that is an estimated value of the output current IB by the battery charging device 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 6, the vertical axis represents the output current IB, and the horizontal axis represents the rotational speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3. The characteristic line in the example of FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the output current IB and the rotation speed RPM at the phase angles θ1 and θ2 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, for example, when the rotation speed RPM acquired by the output current estimation unit 15 is the value NB, the output current estimation unit 15 uses the estimated value of the output current IB according to the phase angles θ1 and θ2. A certain IBP can be calculated. The characteristic line shown in FIG. 6 is obtained in advance by experiments, for example, and is stored in a storage unit (not shown) in the battery charger 1 as the output current table described above. Since the output current IB varies depending on the temperature of the generator, temperature characteristics may be added to the output current table.
The output current estimation unit 15 outputs the output current IBP estimated as the current flowing through the connection line L to the voltage drop estimation unit 81 described above.
　上述したように、出力電流ＩＢを直接的に検出することなく、３相交流発電機３の回転数ＲＰＭと位相角決定部１３１により得られる位相角θとを用いて出力電流ＩＢを推定し、この推定された出力電流ＩＢＰを用いてバッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴを求めることができる。ここで、本実施形態では、出力電流推定部１５による出力電流ＩＢの推定のために用いられる回転数ＲＰＭおよび位相角θとして、バッテリ充電装置１の進角制御及び遅角制御において用いられる制御量が流用されている。これより、バッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴを検出するための検出線や出力電流を検出するためのシャント抵抗などを含む専用のセンサを用いることなく、出力電流ＩＢを推定し、この出力電流ＩＢＰを用いてバッテリ電圧ＶＢＡＴを取得することができる。従って、装置コストが低いバッテリ充電装置を提供することができる。 As described above, the output current IB is estimated using the rotational speed RPM of the three-phase AC generator 3 and the phase angle θ obtained by the phase angle determination unit 131 without directly detecting the output current IB. The battery voltage VBAT can be obtained using the estimated output current IBP. Here, in the present embodiment, as the rotational speed RPM and the phase angle θ used for the estimation of the output current IB by the output current estimating unit 15, the control amount used in the advance angle control and the retard angle control of the battery charging device 1. Is being diverted. Accordingly, the output current IB is estimated without using a dedicated sensor including a detection line for detecting the battery voltage VBAT and a shunt resistor for detecting the output current, and the battery voltage is estimated using the output current IBP. VBAT can be acquired. Therefore, it is possible to provide a battery charging device with a low device cost.
　以上、本発明の詳細について説明したが、本発明は上述の実施形態に限られるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において、上述の実施形態に種々の変更を加えたものを含む。
　例えば、上述した実施形態では、回転数演算部６は、パルサコイル４の出力するパルサ信号により回転数ＲＰＭを算出する例を記載したが、少なくとも回転数ＲＰＭを取得する構成であれれば良い。例えば、３相交流発電機にホールＩＣを設置し、設置されたホールＩＣからの信号から回転数演算部６は回転数ＲＰＭを算出しても良い。また上位ＥＣＵ（Ｅｎｇｉｎｅ　Ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ　Ｕｎｉｔ）から回転数演算部６に回転数ＲＰＭを示す信号が供給されても良い。 The details of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes various modifications made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the example in which the rotation speed calculation unit 6 calculates the rotation speed RPM based on the pulsar signal output from the pulsar coil 4 has been described. For example, a Hall IC may be installed in a three-phase AC generator, and the rotation speed calculation unit 6 may calculate the rotation speed RPM from a signal from the installed Hall IC. Further, a signal indicating the rotation speed RPM may be supplied from the host ECU (Engine Control Unit) to the rotation speed calculation unit 6.
１　バッテリ充電装置
２　バッテリ
３　３相交流発電機
４　パルサコイル
４ａ　リラクタ
５　パルサ信号検出部
６　回転数演算部
７　出力電圧検出部
８　電圧推定部
９　抵抗値記憶部
１０　温度補正部
１１　比較部
１２　目標電圧記憶部
１３　制御部
１４　変換部
１５　出力電流推定部
８１　電圧降下推定部
８２　バッテリ電圧推定部
１３１　位相角決定部
１３２　ゲート信号生成部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Battery charging device 2 Battery 3 Three-phase alternating current generator 4 Pulsar coil 4a Relaxer 5 Pulsar signal detection part 6 Rotation speed calculation part 7 Output voltage detection part 8 Voltage estimation part 9 Resistance value memory | storage part 10 Temperature correction part 11 Comparison part 12 Target voltage Storage unit 13 Control unit 14 Conversion unit 15 Output current estimation unit 81 Voltage drop estimation unit 82 Battery voltage estimation unit 131 Phase angle determination unit 132 Gate signal generation unit

Claims (5)

  1. 　交流発電機から出力された交流電力をスイッチング素子により直流電力に変換して接続線を介してバッテリに供給する変換部と、
    　前記バッテリのバッテリ電圧とその目標値とを比較する比較部と、
    　前記比較部の比較結果に基づいて前記変換部のスイッチング素子の通電タイミングを規定する位相角を決定し、前記位相角に基づいて前記スイッチング素子の通電を制御する制御部と、
    　前記制御部により決定された位相角と前記交流発電機の回転数とから、前記接続線を流れる電流を推定する出力電流推定部と、
    　前記出力電流推定部により推定された電流を用いて前記接続線による電圧降下分を算出して電圧降下を推定する電圧降下推定部、及び、前記電圧降下分を用いて前記バッテリの電圧を推定するバッテリ電圧推定部を備えた電圧推定部と、
    　を有することを特徴とするバッテリ充電装置。     A converter that converts AC power output from the AC generator into DC power by a switching element and supplies the battery to the battery via a connection line;
    A comparison unit for comparing the battery voltage of the battery and its target value;
    A control unit that determines a phase angle that defines an energization timing of the switching element of the conversion unit based on the comparison result of the comparison unit, and controls the energization of the switching element based on the phase angle;
    From the phase angle determined by the control unit and the rotational speed of the AC generator, an output current estimation unit that estimates a current flowing through the connection line,
    A voltage drop estimator that calculates a voltage drop by the connection line using the current estimated by the output current estimator and estimates a voltage drop; and a voltage of the battery is estimated using the voltage drop. A voltage estimator comprising a battery voltage estimator;
    A battery charger characterized by comprising:
  2. 　前記出力電流推定部は、前記スイッチング素子の通電を制御する制御サイクルごとに、前記交流発電機の回転数と、前記制御部により決定された前記通電タイミングを規定する位相角と、前回の制御サイクルにおいて取得された前記交流発電機の回転数と、前記通電タイミングを規定する位相角とから、前記接続線を流れる電流を推定することを特徴とする請求項１に記載のバッテリ充電装置。 The output current estimator includes, for each control cycle for controlling energization of the switching element, the rotational speed of the AC generator, a phase angle that defines the energization timing determined by the controller, and a previous control cycle. 2. The battery charging device according to claim 1, wherein the current flowing through the connection line is estimated from the rotational speed of the AC generator acquired in step 1 and a phase angle that defines the energization timing.
  3. 　前記出力電流推定部は、前記交流発電機の回転数と前記変換部のスイッチング素子の通電タイミングを規定する位相角と当該バッテリ充電装置の出力電流との関係を規定したテーブルを有し、前記交流発電機の回転数と前記制御部により決定された位相角とに基づいて前記テーブルを参照することにより、前記接続線を流れる電流を推定することを特徴とする請求項２に記載のバッテリ充電装置。 The output current estimation unit has a table that defines a relationship between a rotation angle of the AC generator, a phase angle that defines an energization timing of the switching element of the conversion unit, and an output current of the battery charger, and the AC 3. The battery charging device according to claim 2, wherein a current flowing through the connection line is estimated by referring to the table based on a rotation speed of a generator and a phase angle determined by the control unit. .
  4. 　前記バッテリ電圧推定部は、前記出力電流推定部によって推定された電流に前記接続線の抵抗値を乗じた値を当該バッテリ充電装置の出力電圧から差し引くことにより前記バッテリ電圧を推定することを特徴とする請求項１に記載のバッテリ充電装置。 The battery voltage estimation unit estimates the battery voltage by subtracting a value obtained by multiplying the current estimated by the output current estimation unit by a resistance value of the connection line from an output voltage of the battery charging device. The battery charger according to claim 1.
  5. 　前記電圧降下推定部の推定結果に影響を与える温度情報に基づいて、前記電圧降下推定部の推定結果を補正する温度補正部をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項４に記載のバッテリ充電装置。 The battery charging device according to claim 4, further comprising a temperature correction unit that corrects the estimation result of the voltage drop estimation unit based on temperature information that affects the estimation result of the voltage drop estimation unit.
PCT/JP2014/063957 2014-05-27 2014-05-27 Battery charging device WO2015181884A1 (en)

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WO2018109866A1 (en) * 2016-12-14 2018-06-21 三菱電機株式会社 Control device of electric motor

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JP2005137163A (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-26 Kokusan Denki Co Ltd Generating set equipped with magnet generator
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JPS59216429A (en) * 1983-05-24 1984-12-06 株式会社デンソー Controller for vehicle charging generator
JPH05503203A (en) * 1990-11-27 1993-05-27 ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング Generator voltage controller
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WO2018109866A1 (en) * 2016-12-14 2018-06-21 三菱電機株式会社 Control device of electric motor
JPWO2018109866A1 (en) * 2016-12-14 2019-10-24 三菱電機株式会社 Electric motor control device
US11296535B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2022-04-05 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Control device for electric motor

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