JP5485876B2 - 代謝疾患の治療における治療剤としての非アシル化グレリン - Google Patents
代謝疾患の治療における治療剤としての非アシル化グレリン Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明に用いられる用語は、以下のように定義される。
アルゴリズム:Needleman and Wunsch、J.MoI Biol.48:443−453(1970)、
比較マトリクス:Hentikoff and Hentikoff、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.89:10915−10919(1992)からのBLOSSUM62、
ギャップペナルティ:12、ギャップ長ペナルティ:4。
本発明の一態様では、INS−1Eβ細胞株、HIT−T15β細胞株、およびヒト膵島での、UAGと比較してのUAG断片およびその類似体の増殖および抗アポトーシス効果を調査した。
ヒト膵島におけるUAG(1−14)およびUAG(1−18)のインスリン分泌に対する効果も調査した。UAG(1−14)は、UAG(1−28)およびエキセンディン−4と同様に、HIT−T15β細胞(データ記載せず)およびヒト膵島(図8A〜8D)の両者において、グルコース誘導性インスリン分泌を大幅に増加させた。
さらなる一態様では、本明細書に示されているデータは、UAG断片、例えばUAG(6−13)が、ストレプトゾトシン(STZ)処理した動物の生存率を増加させることも示している(図9A)。UAG断片はまた、STZ誘導性血漿グルコースを減少させ(図9B)、STZ誘導性糖尿病ラットの血漿および膵臓インスリンレベルの両方を改善する(図9Cおよび9D)。本明細書に示されているデータは、UAG断片、例えばUAG(6−13)が、血漿グルコースレベルを抑制し、生体内でインスリン感受性を増強して糖尿病を調節し(図14A、14B、および15)、体脂肪重量を減少させる(図16)ことを実証している。
さらなる一態様では、本明細書に示されているデータは、UAG(6−13)、UAG(1−14)、およびUAG(1−13)がUAG受容体を認識して、HIT−T15およびINS−1E膵臓β細胞上でこれに結合したことを実証している。これらの中で、UAG(6−13)は、最も高い結合活性を示し、天然に存在するUAGの結合活性に非常に近い結合親和性を有していた。この発見は、天然UAGと同様に、UAG(6−13)がHIT−T15細胞に生存促進効果を及ぼすことを示す機能的in vitro研究に関連して、UAG(6−13)が、潜在的抗糖尿病活性を有する強力なUAG作用物質であることを示している。
「疾患または障害を治療する」という表現は、疾患に関連する症状を改善するか、重篤性を緩和するか、または疾患を治癒する、あるいは疾患の発生を予防するのに有効な治療剤を投与することを指す。
UAG断片はINS−1Eβ細胞の生存を促進する
単独の、またはIFN−γ/TNF−α/IL−1β(その相乗作用が1型および2型糖尿病の両者におけるβ細胞の死滅に関与することが示されている)を伴う無血清培地中で、完全長のヒトUAG(1−28)またはUAG(1−14)、UAG(1−18)、UAG(1−5)、およびUAG(17−28)のいずれかと共にインキュベートしたINS−1Eラットβ細胞におけるMTTアッセイによって、細胞生存を評価した(参考文献16)。該ペプチドは、0.1nM〜100nMの範囲で濃度を増加させて試験を行った。無血清条件では、UAG(1−14)および(1−18)は、UAG(1−28)に匹敵する、顕著な生存効果を示した。同じ条件下で、UAG(1−5)およびUAG(17−28)は、顕著ではあったが、低下した生存作用を示した(図1)。サイトカインの存在下では、全てのペプチドは、試験を行った全ての濃度で、細胞生存を顕著に増加させた(図2)。しかしながら、無血清条件と同様に、UAG(1−5)およびUAG(17−28)は、低下した効果を示した。興味深いことに、UAG(1−14)だけでなく、UAG(1−18)も、完全長UAG(1−28)よりも強力であることを示した(図2)。これらの結果は、UAG断片、特にUAG(1−14)および(1−18)は、完全長UAG(1−28)と同様に、血清欠乏、またはサイトカインによる処理のいずれかによって誘導されるβ細胞の死滅を抑制できることを示している。
MTT実験は、単独の、またはIFN−γ/TNF−α/IL−1βを伴う無血清培地中での、UAG(1−28)の、またはその断片UAG(1−14)、UAG(1−18)、UAG(1−5)、およびUAG(17−28)の生存効果を試験するために、ハムスターHIT−T15β細胞においても行った。INS−1Eβ細胞に対して行った実験と同様に、該ペプチドは、0.1nM〜100nMの範囲で濃度を増加させて試験を行った。INS−1Eに関して、HIT−T15細胞において、該ペプチドは、血清欠乏およびサイトカイン誘発性細胞死の両者に対して異なる保護効果を示した。実際に、UAG(1−14)およびUAG(1−18)が、両方の実験条件下で顕著に細胞生存率を増加させたのに対して(図3Aおよび3B)、UAG(1−5)は、サイトカイン処理した細胞においてのみ、わずかに細胞生存を増加させ、一方で、UAG(17−28)は、検討したいずれの条件においても顕著な効果は無かった(図4Aおよび4B)。
HIT−T15β細胞は、単独の、またはIFN−γ/TNF−α/IL−1βを伴う無血清培地中で24時間培養した。両方の細胞株において、血清欠乏単独に対して、サイトカイン処理の下でアポトーシスが増加した。UAG(6−13)は、サイトカイン条件に対して、細胞数を増加させ、細胞の大型化、および膵島形成を誘導した(データは示していない)。さらに、UAG(6−13)は、1nM、10nM、特に、100nMの濃度において、サイトカイン誘導性アポトーシスを顕著に減少させ、100nMではUAG(1−28)によって示されたものよりも抗アポトーシス効果が強かった(図6A)。UAG(8−13)は、UAG(6−13)未満ではあるが、10nMおよび100nMにおいてアポトーシスを顕著に抑制し、一方で、UAG(8−12)は、100nMにおいてのみいくらかの保護効果を示した(それぞれ、図6Bおよび6C)。各実験において、UAG(1−14)の逆配列であるUAG(14−1)を陰性対照として使用し、UAG(1−28)を陽性対照として使用した。これらの結果は、UAG(8−13)およびUAG(8−12)に対して、細胞生存について得られた結果と同様に、UAG(6−13)は、サイトカイン処理したHIT−T15β細胞において、最も強い抗アポトーシス効果を及ぼすことを示している。
完全長UAG(1−28)の生存効果に対する、UAG(1−14)、UAG(1−18)、UAG(1−5)、およびUAG(17−28)の生存効果を、MTTによってヒト膵島において評価した。該ペプチドは、単独の、またはIFN−γ/TNF−α/IL−1β(それぞれ5ng/ml)を伴う無血清培地中で培養した膵島細胞内で試験を行った。
UAG(1−14)およびUAG(1−18)を、両者とも100nMで使用して、ヒト膵島におけるインスリン分泌について検討した。図8Aは、UAG(1−14)が、UAG(1−28)(図8C)およびエキセンディン−4(図8D)と同様に、グルコースの非存在下および存在下(2〜25mM)の両方でインスリン分泌を顕著に増加させ、一方で、UAG(1−18)は、7.5mMのグルコースにおいて顕著な効果を示したことを示している(図8B)。UAG(1−28)およびエキセンディン−4を陽性対照として使用した(図8Cおよび8D)。これらの結果は、ヒト膵島において、UAG(1−14)およびUAG(1−18)が、グルコース誘導性のインスリン分泌を刺激することを示している。
新生ラットにおけるストレプトゾトシン(STZ)の投与が、糖尿病を生じさせることはよく知られている(参考文献24、25、26)。本明細書では、UAG(6−13)の長期的な効果を調査した(STZ投与後の1週間の処理、生後1日目にSTZを投与した新生ラットにおけるUAGの効果に対する、STZ投与後70日目の効果を評価)。UAG(6−13)は、UAGの濃度に等しい(30nmol/l)か、それよりも高い濃度(100nmol/l)で試験を行った。興味深いことに、STZの注射後9日目に、対照群に関してはSTZによって低下した動物の生存率(約52%)は、UAGによって強く上昇(約72%)し、また両方のUAG(6−13)濃度によっても強く上昇(それぞれ、30nmol/lの場合は約72%、100nmol/lの場合は約89%)した(図9A)。70日目に、STZ群における血漿グルコースは、対照群に対して150%(P<0.01)と、有意に上昇した。予想通りに、UAGは、グルコースレベルを低下させる(約21%低下)ことによって、STZの効果を打ち消した。30nmol/lおよび100nmol/l両方ののUAG(6−13)によって、同様の効果が得られた(それぞれ、STZ群に対して31%および14%の低下)。興味深いことに、UAG(6−13)は、等しい濃度において、UAGよりも強い効果を示した(図9B)。STZ処理した動物は、血漿インスリンレベルの顕著な低下を示し、UAGおよびUAG(6−13)は、両方の濃度において、STZ処理したラットにおけるインスリンレベルを増加させることによって、この効果を顕著に低下させた(図9C)。膵臓インスリン分泌に関して、同様の結果が得られた(図9D)。これらの結果は、STZ投与の70日後に、UAG(6−13)が、UAGと同等またはそれ以上に、STZ誘導性の血漿グルコース増加を減少させること、および血漿および膵臓インスリンレベルの両方を改善できることを示している。
ベースラインの尾部静脈血漿試料を、K2EDTAコーティング毛細管(Microvette CB300 K2E;Sarstedt、Germany)内にポンプ注入する7日前および6日前に、自由給餌および16時間絶食させたob/obマウスから採取した。次いで、該マウスを、ほぼ等しい重量の範囲によって3つの群に分けた。10週目のマウスに麻酔を施し、充填Alzet1004ポンプを、送達ポータルを最初に、腹腔内に挿入した。次いで、結節縫合(Vicryl 5.0 FS−2吸収性縫合糸)を使用して筋腹膜および皮層を閉じた。マウスは、生理食塩水、10mg/mlのUAG、または3.5mg/mlのUAG(6−13)(群あたりn=8)のいずれかを含有するポンプに供された。Alzet1004ポンプは、12μl/日で送達し、30μgのhUAG/動物/日(約600μg/kg/day)、および10μgのUAG(6−13)/動物/日(約200μg/kg/day)を注入した。
HIT−T15(図10A)およびINS−1E(図10B)結合部位について、濃度依存的に[125I−Tyr4]−UAGと競合する断片UAG(6−13)の能力をアッセイした。図10Aおよび10Bに示されているように、非標識UAG(1−28)およびUAG(6−13)は、両方の細胞株でのそのような結合部位に対する[125I−Tyr4]−UAGと、同様の有効性を有して、濃度依存的に競合した。競合結合曲線から算出されるIC50の値(全てnM濃度)は、それぞれ、HIT−T15およびINS−1Eにおいて、UAG(1−28)について2.6±0.5および2.0±0.2、UAG(6−13)について3.8±0.3および2.4±0.3であった。
異なるアミノ酸位置(6〜13)でのアラニン(Ala)置換を伴うUAG断片を、HIT−T15ハムスターβ細胞におけるそれらの生存効果に関して試験した。該細胞は、単独の、またはIFN−γ/TNF−α/IL−1βを伴う無血清培地中で培養した。該ペプチドは、1nM〜100nMの濃度で試験した。無血清条件(血清存在下に対して生存率が約40%低下した)において、UAG(6−13)は、予想通りに、細胞生存を顕著に増加させた(1nMおよび100nMにおいて、それぞれ、約18%および約30%)。Ala6−UAG(6−13)、Ala7−UAG(6−13)、Ala8−UAG(6−13)、Ala9−UAG(6−13)、および特にAla12−UAG(6−13)ならびにAla13−UAG(6−13)は、両方の濃度において同様の効果を示した。対照的に、10位および11位におけるAla置換に関しては、非常に低い生存効果が示された(図11A)。サイトカインによる処理のもと(血清欠乏条件に対して細胞生存が約18%減少した)で、10位および11位を除く全てのAla置換は、細胞死を完全に食い止め、また、1nMおよび100nMの両方の濃度において、無血清条件下にあるものよりもさらに高い生存率レベルをもたらした。これらの効果は、元のペプチドUAG(6−13)によって引き起こされたものと同様であった(図11B)。UAG(6−13)の6〜9位および12〜13位でのAla置換は、ペプチド生存効果に影響を及ぼさず、一方で、10位(Q)および11位(R)におけるアミノ酸の側鎖は、重要な役割を果たしているようである。
無血清条件(血清存在下に対して生存率が約35%減少した)において、UAG(6−13)は、予想通りに、細胞生存を顕著に増加させた(1nMおよび100nMにおいて、それぞれ、約18%および約30%)。Asp8−UAG(6−13)、Lys11−UAG(6−13)、Gly6−UAG(6−13)、ならびにAcSer6−UAG(6−13)およびAcSer6−(D)Pro7−UAG(6−13)は、両方の濃度において同様の効果を示した(図12A)。サイトカインによる処理のもと(細胞生存が約20%減少した)で、全てのペプチドは、細胞生存を顕著に減少させた。特に、Gly6−UAG(6−13)によって最良の効果が及ぼされ、一方で、最低の効果は、AcSer6−UAG(6−13)およびAcSer6−(D)Pro7−UAG(6−13)を使用した時に見られた(図12B)。
無血清条件(血清存在下に対して生存率が約58%低下した)において、UAG(6−13)は、予想通りに、細胞生存を顕著に増加させた(1nMおよび100nMにおいて、それぞれ、約16%および約60%)。シクロ6,13UAG(6−13)、シクロ(8,11)、アセチル−Ser6,Lys11,UAG(6−13)アミド、およびアセチル−Ser6,Lys11,UAG(6−13)NH2は、同様の効果を示した(図13A)。同様の結果は、サイトカインによる処理のもとでも見られた(図13B)。
ヒトUAGおよびUAG断片(1−14)、(1−18)、(1−5)、および(17−28)、ならびにエキセンディン−4は、Phoenix Pharmaceuticals(Belmont,CA)から入手した。他の断片(6−13)、(8−13)、(8−12)、(8−11)、(9−12)、(9−11)は、Tib MolBiol(Genova、Italy)から入手した。細胞培養試薬は、Invitrogen(Milano、Italy)から入手した。アラニン(Ala)を有するヒトUAG(6−13)である、Ala6−UAG(6−13)、Ala7−UAG(6−13)、Ala8−UAG(6−13)、Ala9−UAG(6−13)、Ala10−UAG(6−13)、Ala11−UAG(6−13)、Ala12−UAG(6−13)、およびAla13−UAG(6−13)は、Tib MolBiol(Genova、Italy)によって合成された。
Claims (11)
- 配列番号6、配列番号7、配列番号8、配列番号12、配列番号13、配列番号14、配列番号15、配列番号16、配列番号17、配列番号18、配列番号21、配列番号22、配列番号23、配列番号24、配列番号25、配列番号26、配列番号27及び配列番号28からなる群より選択されるアミノ酸配列からなる単離ポリペプチド。
- 患者においてグルコース代謝障害に関連する障害を治療する医薬の製造における、治療上有効量の請求項1に記載の単離ポリペプチドの使用。
- 前記障害がI型またはII型糖尿病である、請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記障害が、インスリン欠陥に関連する病状である、請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記障害が、インスリン耐性に関連する病状である、請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記障害が、脂質異常症に関連する病状である、請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記障害が、肥満に関連する病状である、請求項2に記載の使用。
- 患者体内の膵臓β細胞の増殖または生存を増強するための医薬の製造における、治療上有効量の請求項1に記載の単離ポリペプチドの使用であって、該細胞の移植片としての該患者への投与前に、該膵臓β細胞に該単離されたポリペプチドをex vivoで供することによる、上記使用。
- 前記単離されたポリペプチドが、静脈内投与、皮下投与、経皮投与、経口投与、口腔内投与、舌下投与、経鼻送達または吸入に適した形態にある、請求項2〜8のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 配列番号6に示すアミノ酸配列からなり、かつ、環化されている、単離ポリペプチド。
- リンカー部分に連結されている請求項1に記載の単離ポリペプチド。
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US7666833B2 (en) | 2001-12-18 | 2010-02-23 | Alizé Pharma SAS | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising unacylated ghrelin and therapeutical uses thereof |
US8318664B2 (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2012-11-27 | Alize Pharma Sas | Unacylated ghrelin fragments as therapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity |
CA2686803C (en) | 2007-05-31 | 2016-05-03 | Ezio Ghigo | Unacylated ghrelin as therapeutic agent in the treatment of metabolic disorders |
US8476408B2 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2013-07-02 | Alize Pharma Sas | Unacylated ghrelin and analogs as therapeutic agents for vascular remodeling in diabetic patients and treatment of cardiovascular disease |
JP2013510834A (ja) | 2009-11-16 | 2013-03-28 | メリテク | [1,5]‐ジアゾシン誘導体 |
RS58237B1 (sr) | 2011-12-15 | 2019-03-29 | Millendo Therapeutics Sas | Fragmenti neacilovanog grelina za upotrebu u lečenju prader-willi sindroma |
KR20220051197A (ko) | 2012-05-17 | 2022-04-26 | 익스텐드 바이오사이언시즈, 인크. | 개선된 약물 전달용 캐리어 |
WO2013190520A2 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-27 | The General Hospital Corporation | Gh-releasing agents in the treatment of vascular stenosis and associated conditions |
WO2014141124A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-18 | Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale | Erk-pathway activating compound for preventing or treating leptin resistance |
US20160151458A1 (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2016-06-02 | Alize Pharma Sas | Use Of Unacylated Ghrelin, Fragments And Analogs Thereof As Antioxidant |
US9789197B2 (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2017-10-17 | Extend Biosciences, Inc. | RNAi vitamin D conjugates |
EP3220961B1 (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2023-07-05 | Extend Biosciences, Inc. | Therapeutic vitamin d conjugates |
US9616109B2 (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2017-04-11 | Extend Biosciences, Inc. | Insulin vitamin D conjugates |
US20210196800A1 (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2021-07-01 | Cornell University | Des-acyl ghrelin and analogs as cancer therapies |
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US7666833B2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2010-02-23 | Alizé Pharma SAS | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising unacylated ghrelin and therapeutical uses thereof |
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