JP5475328B2 - Steel wire manufacturing method - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、鋼線の製造方法に関し、詳しくは、高炭素鋼材から伸線工程および熱処理（パテンティング）工程を経て鋼線を製造するプロセスの改良に係る鋼線の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a steel wire, and more particularly to a method of manufacturing a steel wire according to an improved process for manufacturing a steel wire from a high carbon steel material through a wire drawing step and a heat treatment (patenting) step.
従来、ゴム物品の補強等に用いられるスチールコードは、図２に示すような製造プロセスを経て製造されている。すなわち、まず、線径３．８〜６．５ｍｍのパーライト鋼材を、２〜３ｍｍ程度に伸線する（一次伸線）。その後、一次伸線で加工硬化した鋼材を８００〜１０００℃に加熱し、５００〜６５０℃に等温保持して、パーライト組織に戻す熱処理（パテンティング処理）を行って、軟化させる（一次熱処理）。その後、鋼材を二次伸線にて所定の線径（０．６〜２ｍｍ程度）まで伸線し、最終パテンティング処理、めっき処理、最終伸線および撚り線を順次実施して、製品を製造している。 Conventionally, a steel cord used for reinforcing a rubber article is manufactured through a manufacturing process as shown in FIG. That is, first, a pearlite steel material having a wire diameter of 3.8 to 6.5 mm is drawn to about 2 to 3 mm (primary drawing). Thereafter, the steel material work-hardened by primary wire drawing is heated to 800 to 1000 ° C., held isothermally at 500 to 650 ° C., and subjected to a heat treatment (patenting treatment) for returning to a pearlite structure, thereby softening (primary heat treatment). Thereafter, the steel material is drawn to a predetermined wire diameter (about 0.6 to 2 mm) by secondary wire drawing, and the final patenting treatment, plating treatment, final wire drawing and stranded wire are sequentially performed to produce a product. doing.
このように、従来のスチールコードの製造工程では、その後の工程での加工負荷や鋼材の脆化による断線多発から生ずる伸線加工限界の抑制の目的で、最終伸線工程を除き、伸線後には熱処理を実施していた。また、一次伸線および二次伸線に要する電力は、一台の伸線機で数１００ｋＷにもなり、非常に大きな電力負荷となっていた。 As described above, in the conventional steel cord manufacturing process, after the wire drawing, except for the final wire drawing process, for the purpose of suppressing the wire drawing limit caused by the processing load in the subsequent process and frequent wire breakage due to steel embrittlement. Had a heat treatment. In addition, the electric power required for the primary wire drawing and the secondary wire drawing is several hundred kW with one wire drawing machine, which is a very large power load.
上記の伸線加工限界の向上および製造工程に掛かるエネルギーの削減に関する改良技術として、例えば、特許文献１には、鋼材の作製段階で、強度が低く、軟らかいパーライト組織を作製する技術が開示されている。しかし、この場合、熱処理後の冷却を遅くする必要があり、さらに焼き戻し熱処理も必要で、非常に時間を要するため、生産性が悪いという問題がある。また、パーライト組織を有するので、大きな強度低下を見込めないという難点もあった。 For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for producing a soft pearlite structure with low strength at the stage of producing a steel material, for example, as an improvement technique relating to the improvement of the wire drawing limit and the reduction of energy required for the manufacturing process. Yes. However, in this case, it is necessary to slow down the cooling after the heat treatment, and further, a tempering heat treatment is also required, which takes a very long time, and thus there is a problem that productivity is poor. In addition, since it has a pearlite structure, there has been a problem that a large decrease in strength cannot be expected.
また、特許文献２には、良好な金属組織を作り込むことで、伸線加工量が高くても脆化を抑制できる熱間圧延鋼材が開示されている。しかし、この場合、強度が高いままなので、一次熱処理はスキップできても、伸線時の省エネルギー効果は得られない。 Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a hot rolled steel material that can suppress embrittlement even if the amount of wire drawing is high by making a good metal structure. However, in this case, since the strength remains high, even if the primary heat treatment can be skipped, the energy saving effect at the time of wire drawing cannot be obtained.
さらに、特許文献３には、伸線加工時の発熱の抑制および直線加工装置後の鋼材温度の制御により、ブルーイング処理なしに高延性のＰＣ鋼を得る方法が開示されている。しかし、この場合、鋼材温度の領域が１００〜３００℃と低いため、ラメラが分断できず、強度は高いままとなり、省エネルギー効果は少ない。 Furthermore, Patent Document 3 discloses a method for obtaining high-ductility PC steel without bluing treatment by suppressing heat generation during wire drawing and controlling the temperature of the steel material after the linear processing apparatus. However, in this case, since the region of the steel material temperature is as low as 100 to 300 ° C., the lamella cannot be divided, the strength remains high, and the energy saving effect is small.
さらにまた、特許文献４には、鋼材の熱処理時の冷却をコントロールして、パーライト組織中のセメンタイトのアスペクト比を１０以下とすることで、強度の低い鋼材とし、省エネルギーで高加工可能な高延性の鋼材とする方法が開示されている。この特許文献４に開示された手法によれば、省エネルギー効果も熱処理工程の削減効果も有効に奏しうるものと考えられる。しかし、この手法では、鋼材の強力低下はせいぜい１０％程度であり、大きな省エネルギー効果は見込めない。 Furthermore, Patent Document 4 discloses that the steel material has a low strength by controlling the cooling during the heat treatment of the steel material so that the aspect ratio of cementite in the pearlite structure is 10 or less. A method for producing a steel material is disclosed. According to the technique disclosed in Patent Document 4, it is considered that the energy saving effect and the reduction effect of the heat treatment process can be effectively achieved. However, with this method, the strength reduction of the steel material is at most about 10%, and a large energy saving effect cannot be expected.
上述のように、スチールコードの製造方法については、従来、種々の改良技術が提案されてきているが、いずれも、十分な省エネルギー効果と、高加工に耐えうる高延性鋼材とを両立できる方法ではなかった。また、生産性の点でも十分でない場合があった。 As described above, various improved technologies have been proposed for steel cord manufacturing methods. However, any of these methods can achieve both a sufficient energy saving effect and a highly ductile steel material that can withstand high processing. There wasn't. In some cases, the productivity is not sufficient.
そこで本発明の目的は、伸線工程および熱処理（パテンティング処理）工程を含む製造プロセスを改良することで、一次伸線での加工限界を向上するとともに、製造プロセス全体のの省エネルギー化を実現できる鋼線の製造方法を提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to improve the manufacturing process including the wire drawing process and the heat treatment (patenting process), thereby improving the processing limit in the primary wire drawing and realizing energy saving of the entire manufacturing process. It is in providing the manufacturing method of a steel wire.
本発明者は鋭意検討した結果、一次伸線に先立って、鋼材に対し所定条件下で熱処理を実施することにより、上記課題を解決できることを見出して、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies, the present inventor has found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by performing a heat treatment on the steel material under a predetermined condition prior to the primary wire drawing, and has completed the present invention.
すなわち、本発明の鋼線の製造方法は、炭素を含有するパーライト組織からなる高炭素鋼材から伸線工程を経て撚り線を行うことにより鋼線を製造する方法であって、
前記高炭素鋼材に対し、Ｘ＝Ｌｎ（ｔ）−４００００／Ｔ＋５２（ここで、ｔは熱処理時間（ｓ）であり、Ｔは熱処理温度（Ｋ）であって、熱処理温度Ｔは、６７３Ｋ以上Ａｃ１点以下の範囲内の温度である）で定義されるＸが０．８≦Ｘ≦１７．８を満足する条件にて一次熱処理を行った後、該一次熱処理後の高炭素鋼材に対し、前記伸線工程のうちの最初の工程である一次伸線を行うことを特徴とするものである。
That is, the method for producing a steel wire of the present invention is a method for producing a steel wire by performing a stranded wire from a high carbon steel material comprising a pearlite structure containing carbon via a wire drawing step,
For the high carbon steel material, X = Ln (t) −40000 / T + 52 (where t is the heat treatment time (s), T is the heat treatment temperature (K), and the heat treatment temperature T is 673 K or more Ac1. After the primary heat treatment under the condition that X defined by 0.8 ≦ X ≦ 17.8 is satisfied, the high carbon steel material after the primary heat treatment is The primary wire drawing which is the first step in the wire drawing step is performed.
本発明においては、前記一次熱処理を、８２３Ｋ以上Ａｃ１点以下の範囲内の熱処理温度Ｔで、下記式、
７．５≦Ｘ≦１７．８
を満足する条件にて行うことが好ましい。また、前記一次熱処理を、３．６ｋｓ以上８６．４ｋｓ以下の熱処理時間ｔで行うことも好ましい。
In the present invention, the primary heat treatment is performed at a heat treatment temperature T within a range of 823 K or more and Ac1 point or less,
7.5 ≦ X ≦ 17.8
It is preferable to carry out under conditions that satisfy The primary heat treatment is also preferably performed at a heat treatment time t of 3.6 ks to 86.4 ks.
本発明によれば、一次伸線での加工限界を向上するとともに、製造プロセス全体の省エネルギー化を図ることができる鋼線の製造方法を実現することが可能となった。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it became possible to implement | achieve the manufacturing method of the steel wire which can aim at the energy saving of the whole manufacturing process while improving the process limit in primary wire drawing.
以下、本発明の鋼線の製造方法の実施の形態について、詳細に説明する。
本発明の鋼線の製造方法は、炭素を含有するパーライト組織からなる高炭素鋼材に適用され、かかる高炭素鋼材から鋼線を製造するプロセスの改良に係るものである。具体的には例えば、０．５〜１．１質量％の炭素を含有する線径３．８〜６．５ｍｍの高炭素鋼材に適用される。図１に、本発明の鋼線の製造方法に係る製造プロセスの工程図を示す。
Hereinafter, the embodiment of the manufacturing method of the steel wire of the present invention is described in detail.
The method for producing a steel wire of the present invention is applied to a high carbon steel material having a pearlite structure containing carbon, and relates to improvement of a process for producing a steel wire from such a high carbon steel material. Specifically, for example, it is applied to a high carbon steel material having a wire diameter of 3.8 to 6.5 mm containing 0.5 to 1.1 mass% of carbon. In FIG. 1, the flowchart of the manufacturing process which concerns on the manufacturing method of the steel wire of this invention is shown.
図示するように、本発明の鋼線の製造方法においては、まず、上記高炭素鋼材に対し、下記条件に従い一次熱処理を実施して、パーライト組織を分断させ、鋼材を軟化させた上で、一次伸線を実施する。すなわち、ｔを熱処理時間（ｓ）、Ｔを熱処理温度（Ｋ）としたとき、
Ｘ＝Ｌｎ（ｔ）−４００００／Ｔ＋５２
で定義されるＸが、
０．８≦Ｘ≦１７．８
を満足する条件にて一次熱処理を行う。ここで、熱処理温度Ｔは、６７３Ｋ以上であって、加熱時にパーライトがオーステナイトに変化する温度であるＡｃ１点以下の範囲内の温度とする。
As shown in the drawing, in the method for producing a steel wire of the present invention, first, the primary heat treatment is performed on the high carbon steel material according to the following conditions to divide the pearlite structure, and the steel material is softened. Perform wire drawing. That is, when t is a heat treatment time (s) and T is a heat treatment temperature (K),
X = Ln (t) −40000 / T + 52
X defined by
0.8 ≦ X ≦ 17.8
Primary heat treatment is performed under conditions that satisfy Here, the heat treatment temperature T is 673 K or more, and is a temperature within a range of Ac1 point or less, which is a temperature at which pearlite changes to austenite during heating.
本発明においては、高炭素鋼材に対し、最初にパーライト組織分断のための一次熱処理を実施することで、鋼材の強力を、約１０％〜５０％程度、大きく低下させることができる。この強力低下量は、熱処理条件を変えることで、容易に制御可能である。また、一次熱処理後の一次伸線による鋼材強度の向上および鋼材の脆化も抑制できることから、延性を維持しつつ、高加工に耐えうる鋼材とすることができる。このため、伸線加工電力を大幅に低減することができるとともに、従来行っていたような一次・二次伸線間における中間熱処理を要することなく、鋼材を脆化させずに所定の細径ワイヤまで一度に伸線加工することが可能となる。上記熱処理条件において、Ｘが０．８未満では鋼材が強度低下しないため、効果はなく、一方、Ｘが１７．８を超えると、長時間の熱処理が必要となり、分断効果も低下するため実用的ではない。 In the present invention, the strength of the steel material can be greatly reduced by about 10% to 50% by first performing a primary heat treatment for pearlite structure division on the high carbon steel material. This strength reduction amount can be easily controlled by changing the heat treatment conditions. Moreover, since the improvement of the steel material strength by the primary wire drawing after the primary heat treatment and the embrittlement of the steel material can be suppressed, it is possible to obtain a steel material that can withstand high processing while maintaining ductility. For this reason, the wire drawing power can be greatly reduced, and an intermediate heat treatment between primary and secondary wire drawing, which has been conventionally performed, is not required, and a predetermined small diameter wire is obtained without embrittlement of the steel material. Can be drawn at once. Under the above heat treatment conditions, if X is less than 0.8, the steel material does not decrease in strength, so there is no effect. On the other hand, if X exceeds 17.8, heat treatment for a long time is required and the cutting effect is also reduced, which is practical. is not.
本発明に係る一次熱処理は、比較的短時間の処理で、効率的にパーライト組織を分断させることができるものである。ここで、パーライト組織を分断させる熱処理条件として、本発明における上記Ｘに係る式は、以下のように導出した。まず、パーライト組織の分断には鉄原子の拡散距離が律則になると考えられることから、拡散の公式（アインシュタインの式）より、
Ｌ＝（２Ｄｔ）１／２
（Ｌ：平均拡散距離（ｍ）、Ｄ：拡散係数（ｍ２／ｓ）、ｔ：時間（ｓ））
ここで、拡散係数Ｄは温度の関数で表され、
Ｄ＝ＤＯ×ｅｘｐ（−Ｑ／ＲＴ）
（ＤＯ：振動数因子（ｍ２／ｓ）、Ｑ：活性化エネルギー（Ｊ／ｍｏｌ）、Ｒ：気体定数、Ｔ：温度（Ｋ））
となる。鉄同士の相互拡散の場合、ＤＯ＝２．８×１０−４ｍ２／ｓ、Ｑ＝２５１ｋＪ／ｍｏｌであるので、これを用いて、熱処理条件を、温度と時間との関数として変換して導出した。
The primary heat treatment according to the present invention can efficiently divide the pearlite structure in a relatively short time. Here, as a heat treatment condition for dividing the pearlite structure, the formula according to X in the present invention was derived as follows. First, since the diffusion distance of iron atoms is considered to be a rule for the division of pearlite structure, from the diffusion formula (Einstein's formula),
L = (2Dt) 1/2
(L: average diffusion distance (m), D: diffusion coefficient (m 2 / s), t: time (s))
Here, the diffusion coefficient D is expressed as a function of temperature,
D = DO × exp (−Q / RT)
(DO: frequency factor (m 2 / s), Q: activation energy (J / mol), R: gas constant, T: temperature (K))
It becomes. In the case of interdiffusion between irons, DO = 2.8 × 10 −4 m 2 / s and Q = 251 kJ / mol, so that this is used to convert the heat treatment conditions as a function of temperature and time. Derived.
上記一次熱処理のより好適な条件としては、効果的に省エネルギー化を図ることが可能で、熱処理時間のかからない下記の条件とする。すなわち、８２３Ｋ以上Ａｃ１点以下の範囲内の熱処理温度Ｔで、下記式、
７．５≦Ｘ≦１７．８
を満足する条件にて一次熱処理を行うことが好ましい。
More preferable conditions for the primary heat treatment are as follows, which can effectively save energy and does not require heat treatment time. That is, at the heat treatment temperature T within the range of 823 K or more and Ac1 point or less, the following formula:
7.5 ≦ X ≦ 17.8
It is preferable to perform the primary heat treatment under conditions that satisfy the above.
また、熱処理時間ｔとしては、均一に熱処理する上では３．６ｋｓ以上が好ましく、一方、長すぎると生産性が低下するため、８６．４ｋｓ（一日）以下が好ましい。 The heat treatment time t is preferably 3.6 ks or more for uniform heat treatment. On the other hand, if it is too long, the productivity is lowered, so that it is preferably 86.4 ks (one day) or less.
本発明においては、上記条件に従い一次熱処理を実施した後、一次熱処理後の高炭素鋼材に対し、例えば線径０．７〜２．６ｍｍまで、一次伸線を行い、さらに、最終熱処理（パテンティング処理）を行って、強力と延性とを両立できるパーライト組織に戻した上で、最終伸線および撚り線を順次行う。 In the present invention, after the primary heat treatment is performed according to the above conditions, the primary carbon steel material after the primary heat treatment is subjected to primary wire drawing, for example, to a wire diameter of 0.7 to 2.6 mm, and the final heat treatment (patenting) Treatment) to return to a pearlite structure capable of achieving both strength and ductility, and then final drawing and stranded wire are sequentially performed.
最終伸線前にパーライト組織に戻すための最終熱処理（パテンティング処理）を実施するのは、一次熱処理後、一次伸線した鋼材のままでは、最終伸線において脆化させることなく強力を向上させながら伸線加工することができないためである。最終パテンティング処理を実施することにより最適なパーライト組織が再生されるため、最終伸線および撚り線での物性および品質を確保することができる。 The final heat treatment (patenting treatment) to return to the pearlite structure before the final wire drawing is performed by improving the strength without causing embrittlement in the final wire drawing as long as the steel wire is subjected to the primary wire drawing after the primary heat treatment. This is because the wire drawing cannot be performed. Since the optimum pearlite structure is regenerated by performing the final patenting treatment, the physical properties and quality of the final drawn wire and the stranded wire can be ensured.
本発明においては、高炭素鋼材を、上記一次熱処理、一次伸線、最終パテンティング処理、最終伸線および撚り線の各工程により順次処理する点のみが重要であり、上記熱処理条件以外の各処理に係る処理条件については、特に制限されるものではなく、慣用に従い適宜決定することが可能である。例えば、熱処理時においては、鋼材の酸化を防止するために、不活性ガス（Ｎ２，Ａｒ等）雰囲気または真空中で熱処理を実施する。また、ゴム物品等の補強用のスチールコードを製造する際には、高炭素鋼材に対し、慣用に従い、めっき処理を行うことが必要である。 In the present invention, it is only important that the high carbon steel material is sequentially processed by the primary heat treatment, primary wire drawing, final patenting treatment, final wire drawing and stranded wire, and each treatment other than the heat treatment conditions described above. The processing conditions according to the above are not particularly limited and can be appropriately determined according to common usage. For example, during heat treatment, heat treatment is performed in an inert gas (N 2 , Ar, etc.) atmosphere or in vacuum in order to prevent oxidation of the steel material. Moreover, when manufacturing a steel cord for reinforcement of a rubber article or the like, it is necessary to perform a plating process on a high carbon steel material in accordance with common usage.
以下、本発明を、実施例を用いてより具体的に説明する。
線径５．５ｍｍの０．８質量％高炭素鋼材を使用して、下記表中に示す条件に従い熱処理を実施し、得られた各鋼材サンプルの加工歪２および加工歪４での電力低減率と、線径０．７ｍｍまでの伸線加工の可否について評価した。ここで、Ａｃ１点はおよそ７２０〜８００℃の範囲であった。その結果を、下記の表中に併せて示す。なお、加工歪２での電力低減率とは、線径５．５ｍｍから２．０２ｍｍまで伸線を行った際の伸線電力を、加工歪４の電力低減率とは、線径５．５ｍｍから０．７４ｍｍまで伸線を行った際の伸線電力を、それぞれ測定した結果から得たものである。また、０．７ｍｍまでの伸線加工の可否判断は、断線せずに伸線可能であった場合を○とし、断線は発生したがサンプル作製は可能であった場合を△とした。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
Using a 0.8 mass% high carbon steel material having a wire diameter of 5.5 mm, heat treatment was performed according to the conditions shown in the table below, and the power reduction rate at each of the obtained steel material samples at processing strain 2 and processing strain 4 Then, the applicability of wire drawing up to a wire diameter of 0.7 mm was evaluated. Here, the Ac1 point was in a range of approximately 720 to 800 ° C. The results are also shown in the table below. The power reduction rate at the processing strain 2 is the wire drawing power when the wire diameter is drawn from 5.5 mm to 2.02 mm, and the power reduction rate at the processing strain 4 is the wire diameter 5.5 mm. Is obtained from the results of measuring the wire drawing power when wire drawing is performed up to 0.74 mm. In addition, the judgment of the possibility of wire drawing up to 0.7 mm was made ◯ when the wire could be drawn without breaking, and when the wire was broken but the sample could be made.
上記表中の結果から、本発明に係る係数Ｘの条件に従う一次熱処理を実施することにより、鋼材の強力を制御して低下させることが可能となり、伸線加工時の電力を効果的に低減できるとともに、中間熱処理を行うことなく、細径のワイヤーまで一度に伸線加工することが可能となることが確かめられた。 From the results in the above table, by performing the primary heat treatment according to the condition of the coefficient X according to the present invention, the strength of the steel material can be controlled and lowered, and the power during wire drawing can be effectively reduced. At the same time, it was confirmed that it was possible to perform wire drawing at a time to a thin wire without performing an intermediate heat treatment.
Claims (3)
前記高炭素鋼材に対し、Ｘ＝Ｌｎ（ｔ）−４００００／Ｔ＋５２（ここで、ｔは熱処理時間（ｓ）であり、Ｔは熱処理温度（Ｋ）であって、熱処理温度Ｔは、６７３Ｋ以上Ａｃ１点以下の範囲内の温度である）で定義されるＸが０．８≦Ｘ≦１７．８を満足する条件にて一次熱処理を行った後、該一次熱処理後の高炭素鋼材に対し、前記伸線工程のうちの最初の工程である一次伸線を行うことを特徴とする鋼線の製造方法。 A method for producing a steel wire by performing a stranded wire from a high carbon steel material comprising a pearlite structure containing carbon via a wire drawing step ,
For the high carbon steel material, X = Ln (t) −40000 / T + 52 (where t is the heat treatment time (s), T is the heat treatment temperature (K), and the heat treatment temperature T is 673 K or more Ac1. after X defined by the point at a temperature in a range of below) were primary heat treatment under conditions satisfying the 0.8 ≦ X ≦ 17.8, to high carbon steel after the primary heat treatment, the the first method for producing a steel wire of the primary wire drawing is a process wherein the row Ukoto of wire drawing step.
７．５≦Ｘ≦１７．８
を満足する条件にて行う請求項１記載の鋼線の製造方法。 The primary heat treatment is performed at a heat treatment temperature T within a range of 823 K or more and Ac1 point or less,
7.5 ≦ X ≦ 17.8
The manufacturing method of the steel wire of Claim 1 performed on the conditions which satisfy | fill.
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| JP3353537B2 (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 2002-12-03 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Method for producing steel wire rod for spring with excellent drawability |
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