JP5464917B2 - Laser arc combined welding head - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a laser / arc combined welding head that performs welding using both laser welding and arc welding, and in particular, deformation, distortion, inclination, and plate thickness change of a weld base material with respect to the weld line direction. The present invention also relates to a laser / arc combined welding head that can always keep the distance between the laser focusing head and the arc welding torch and the distance between the laser focusing head and the arc welding torch and the welding base material constant.

  Laser welding using a YAG laser, a carbon dioxide laser, a semiconductor laser, a fiber laser, a disk laser, or the like is a heat source with a high energy density, and thus, for example, high-speed welding exceeding 2 m / min is possible. On the other hand, since the beam spot of the laser irradiation part is small, the amount of molten metal is small and it is difficult to weld while filling the gap. Therefore, in laser welding, it is necessary to manage the gap of the joint portion of the weld base material.

  In arc welding, an arc is generated between a welding base material and an electrode, or between a welding base material and a welding wire, and the welding base material is melted by the heat. Protect and weld with shielding gas such as He gas.

  TIG welding, which is one of arc welding, for example, when welding a thick plate with a thickness of 3 mm or more, forms a welding groove, feeds filler wire to the melted part, and passes many passes. Are welded by filling the welding groove. For this reason, when the plate | board thickness of a welding base material is thick, very much welding time is required.

  Therefore, in recent years, laser-arc combined welding using both laser irradiation and arc welding has been proposed as a high-efficiency welding method for medium-thick plates. Laser-arc combined welding is effective for thick plate welding and high-speed welding because the joint is melted widely by a heat source with an arc spread due to deep penetration by laser irradiation and uses the combined effect of both heat sources. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).

JP 2005-224836 A

  6 and 7 are side views showing a state in which a welding base material is welded by a conventional laser / arc combined welding head.

  As shown in FIG. 6A, the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 are disposed on the welding base material W with the central axis inclined. In addition, one copying roller 4 that rotates along the welding direction (arrow direction) on the plate surface of the welding base material W is rotatably supported by a roller support frame 5. The laser condensing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 are attached to the roller support frame 5 via a main body frame (not shown).

The laser condensing head 1 secures a distance D _L (hereinafter referred to as “distance D _L ”) between the tip of the laser condensing head 1, the central axis of the laser condensing head 1, and the welding base material W. Has been placed. Further, the arc welding torch 2 has a distance D _A between the contact tip 30 at the tip of the shield gas nozzle 2 and the center axis of the arc welding torch and the welding base material W (hereinafter referred to as a distance “D _A ”). Secured and arranged.

Further, the laser condensing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 are formed by the intersection of the central axis of the laser condensing head 1 and the welding base material W and the intersection of the central axis of the arc welding torch 2 and the welding base material W. A distance D _LA (hereinafter referred to as “distance D _LA ”) is secured and arranged. Thus, the conventional laser / arc combined welding head has a fixed positional relationship between one copying roller 4, the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2.

In the laser-arc combined welding, the distance D _L , the distance D _A and the distance D _LA are extremely important parameters that affect the weldability. Of these three parameters, the distance D _LA is increased when the distance D _LA is short, because of the interference between the laser beam and the arc, resulting in increased welding instability such as an increase in spatter. On the other hand, when the distance D _LA is long, the laser beam is increased. An appropriate distance is ensured because the arc is separated and the merit of composite welding cannot be obtained.

  However, if the positional relationship between the single copying roller 4, the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 is fixed, the deformation, distortion, inclination, and change in thickness of the welding base material W with respect to the welding direction. When this occurs, a deviation occurs in the above three parameters.

Specific examples thereof will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b). In FIG. 6A, when the butt welding is performed on the welding base material W in a flat state, the distance D _L , the distance D _A and the distance D _{LA which} are the above three parameters do not change. However, in FIG. 6B, for example, when the butt welding is performed with the welding base material W inclined at 15 degrees, the distance D _L , the distance D _A, and the distance D _LA when the butt welding is performed in a flat state are ΔD _L , ΔD _A and ΔD _LA .

  That is, if deformation, distortion, inclination, or change in thickness of the weld base material W occurs in the welding direction during welding, the above three parameters that affect weldability cannot be kept constant, and the laser arc There was a problem that composite welding could not be performed stably.

When the distance D _L , the distance D _A and the distance D _LA change, a new problem arises. A specific example thereof will be described with reference to FIG. When the distance D _L is changed, there is a laser beam 10 is reflected by the surface of the welded base metal W, is a possibility that the reflected light is irradiated to the shield gas nozzle 3 of the arc welding torch 2, the shielding gas nozzle 3 may burn prematurely is there.

  In FIG. 7, the laser condensing head 1 usually has an optical axis of the laser beam 10 from one direction of the tip of the laser condensing head 1 in order to protect the condensing lens optical system from sputtering or the like. A cross jet air 300 is ejected in a substantially perpendicular direction.

When the distance D _LA and the angle of the laser condensing head 1 are changed, a negative pressure portion is generated in the region near the tip of the laser condensing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 by the jet flow of the air 300 for cross jet. The shield gas 20 flowing out from the shield gas nozzle 3 is attracted to the part, and air is mixed into the shield gas 20, which may cause a welding defect in arc welding.

As described above, in the conventional laser / arc combined welding head, when the deformation, distortion, inclination, or change in the plate thickness of the welding base material W occurs in the welding direction, the distance D _L , the distance D _A, and the distance D are changed. _{Since LA} cannot be kept constant, not only the weldability of laser / arc combined welding is deteriorated, but also the shield gas nozzle 3 of the arc welding torch 2 may be damaged at an early stage or there may be a welding defect of arc welding. There was a problem.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and the object of the present invention is to cause deformation, distortion, inclination, and change in thickness of the weld base material with respect to the welding direction. Even if the distance between the laser focusing head and the arc welding torch and the distance between the laser focusing head and the arc welding torch and the welding base material are kept constant, stable laser / arc combined welding can be performed. Another object of the present invention is to provide a laser / arc combined welding head capable of preventing damage to the arc welding torch and arc welding welding defects.

  The laser / arc combined welding head of the present invention comprises a laser condensing head having a condensing lens optical system for condensing laser light and irradiating a welding base material, and an arc welding torch in parallel, so that laser welding and arcing are performed. This is a laser-arc combined welding head that performs welding together with welding. At least two copying means that are arranged at a predetermined interval from the weld line and roll along the weld line direction on the plate surface of the weld base material, and a copy support means that rotatably supports the copying means; It includes support means for supporting the copying support means so as to be swingable along the weld line direction, and biasing means for biasing the copying support means with a predetermined load in the plate surface direction of the weld base material. The laser focusing head and the arc welding torch are respectively attached to the copying support means so as to be disposed on the welding line.

  A linear motion means for guiding and supporting the support means in the vertical direction may be further provided.

  The apparatus further comprises second copying means disposed opposite to the copying means across the weld line, and second copying support means for rotatably supporting the second copying means, and welding the second copying support means. A second support means for swingably supporting along the linear direction; a second linear motion means for guiding and supporting the second support means in the vertical direction; and a second scanning support means for the welded base metal plate. It is preferable to include a second urging means for urging with a predetermined load in the surface direction, and the copying support means and the second support means are connected by a connecting member.

  Further, the laser / arc combined welding head of the present invention includes a laser condensing head having a condensing lens optical system that condenses laser light and irradiates a welding base material, and an arc welding torch. This is a laser / arc combined welding head that welds in combination with arc welding. At least two copying means which are arranged at a predetermined interval from the weld line and roll along the weld line direction on the plate surface of the weld base material, and a first copying support means which rotatably supports the copying means And a second copying means disposed opposite to the copying means across the weld line, and a second copying support means for rotatably supporting the second copying means, and the first copying support means. And the second copying support means are connected at their upper ends by a connecting member, and urge the first copying support means and the second copying support means in the direction of the plate surface of the weld base metal with a predetermined load. Urging means, upper end surfaces of the first profiling support means and the second profiling support means, a top plate arranged via the urging means, and further, the first profiling support means and the second profiling support means. The movable member that allows the support means to tilt forward, backward, left and right with respect to the weld line direction The laser focusing head and the arc welding torch are disposed between the linking member and the top plate, and are respectively attached to either the first scanning support means or the second scanning support means so as to be positioned on the weld line. .

  The laser condensing head and the arc welding torch are preferably provided with a position adjusting mechanism that adjusts the horizontal position with respect to the welding line direction, the height of the weld base metal with respect to the plate surface, and the angle of the weld base material with respect to the plate surface.

  The shield gas nozzle housing of the arc welding torch may be rotatably supported about the electrode, and may include a rotation mechanism for rotating the shield gas nozzle housing.

  At the tip of the laser focusing head, cross jet air that is jetted from one direction of the tip of the laser focusing head in a direction substantially perpendicular to the optical axis of the laser beam is transmitted from the shield gas nozzle of the arc welding torch. It is preferable that a guiding means for guiding so as not to interfere with the flowing shield gas is provided.

  According to the present invention, even if a deformation, distortion, inclination, or change in thickness of the weld base material occurs in the welding direction, the copying roller can be made to follow the change in the plate surface. The distance between the optical head and the arc welding torch and the distance between the laser focusing head and the arc welding torch and the welding base material can always be kept constant. As a result, stable laser / arc combined welding can be performed. Further, a laser condensing head includes a structure in which a shield gas nozzle housing of an arc welding torch rotates around an electrode, and guide means for guiding a jet of air for cross jet so as not to interfere with shield gas flowing out from the shield gas nozzle. Since the structure provided in the front-end | tip part is comprised, there exists an effect that the early damage of an arc welding torch and the welding defect of arc welding can also be prevented.

It is the perspective view and side view which showed 1st Embodiment of the laser arc combined welding head which concerns on this invention. It is the perspective view and side view which showed 2nd Embodiment of the laser arc combined welding head which concerns on this invention. It is the side view which showed 3rd Embodiment of the laser arc combined welding head which concerns on this invention. It is the side view which provided the rotation mechanism which rotates the shield gas nozzle of an arc welding torch, and provided the guide plate of the air for cross jets in the front-end | tip part of a laser condensing head. It is the side view which showed the modification of the laser arc combined welding head of 2nd Embodiment. It is a side view which shows the state which welds the preform | base_material with the conventional laser arc combined welding head. It is a side view explaining interference of the shield gas by the damage of a shield gas nozzle, and the air for cross jets.

  Embodiments of a laser / arc combined welding head according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment 1
1. Configuration of Laser / Arc Composite Welding Head FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a laser / arc composite welding head according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the laser-arc combined welding head T of the present embodiment (hereinafter referred to as “composite welding head T”) is a robot arm of an articulated robot when welding is performed by an articulated robot. It is attached to the tip of 200 for welding.

  The composite welding head T includes a laser focusing head 1, an arc welding torch 2, a copying roller 4 and a roller support frame 5, a rotating shaft 6, a movable frame 7, a spring 8, a precision linear guide 9, a main body. Frame 100.

For example, a YAG laser is selected as the laser irradiated from the laser focusing head 1. A YAG laser is preferable because the beam spot diameter can be reduced, so that more precise welding can be performed. Then, laser light generated from a laser oscillator (not shown) is transmitted by an optical fiber, and the laser light 10 is transmitted to the welding base materials W1 and W2 by a condensing lens optical system composed of a plurality of condensing lenses and protective glass. Focus on the surface.

  In this embodiment, the YAG laser is used as the laser emitted from the laser focusing head 1, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a carbon dioxide laser, a semiconductor laser, a fiber laser, and a disk laser can also be used. is there.

  The laser condensing head 1 has a condensing lens optical system that condenses the laser beam 10 and irradiates the welding base materials W1 and W2, and is disposed on the welding line. The laser condensing head 1 is fixed to a horizontal position adjusting mechanism 80 including a position adjusting screw 80a and a sliding block 80b. By rotating the position adjusting screw 80a in a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction, a sliding block is provided. As 80b moves to the right or left, the laser focusing head 1 moves in the horizontal direction.

  The laser condensing head 1 is attached to a height adjusting mechanism 81 including a base block 81a, a sliding rack member 81b, and a height adjusting screw 81c. By turning the height adjusting screw 81c clockwise or counterclockwise, the laser condensing head 1 moves up and down as the sliding rack member 81b moves up and down.

  Further, the laser condensing head 1 is attached to a disk-shaped base plate 82, and the base plate 82 is rotatably supported by the roller support frame 5 via a rotating shaft (not shown). . An angle adjustment mechanism 90 is provided on the upper side surface of the base plate 82, and the base plate 80 is fixed at a desired angle by turning the knob of the angle adjustment mechanism 90 clockwise. As a result, the laser condensing head 1 can be set at a desired angle (note that the angle adjusting mechanism 90 is omitted in FIG. 1B).

  As the arc welding torch 2, for example, an MIG welding torch or a MAG welding torch using a consumable electrode for generating an arc between the welding wire WR and the welding base materials W1 and W2 is used. Then, the arc discharge 35 generated from the arc welding torch 2 is matched with the condensing part of the laser beam 10. (In the figure, devices such as a wire supply mechanism are omitted.)

  The arc welding torch 2 is disposed on the welding line so as to be substantially in series with the laser focusing head 1. The arc welding torch 2 side is also provided with the same adjustment mechanism as that of the laser focusing head 1 side, and the arc welding torch 2 can be adjusted to a desired position and angle.

With the above configuration, by adjusting the horizontal position adjusting mechanism 80, the height adjusting mechanism 81 and the angle adjusting mechanism 90 as appropriate, the three parameters in the laser focusing head 1 and arc welding torch 2, the distance D _L, the distance D _A and The distance D _LA can be adjusted to a desired value. Further, by providing the height adjusting mechanism 81, the height of the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 with respect to the welding base material W can be varied. For example, “multi-pass” in which two or more layers of welding beads are stacked. It can also be applied to “welding”.

  Two copying rollers 4 are arranged in series so as to be substantially parallel to the welding line direction, and are supported by a downward U-shaped roller so as to roll along the welding line direction on the plate surface of the welding base material W1. It is attached to the frame 5 via a rotary shaft 40 so as to be rotatable.

  A rotating shaft 6 is attached to the horizontal beam portion of the roller support frame 5 so as to penetrate in the horizontal direction. On the other hand, a bearing (not shown) is press-fitted to the side surface of the movable frame 7 having a T-shaped cross section, and supports the rotating shaft 6 of the roller support frame 5. Thereby, the movable frame 7 is supported so that the roller support frame 5 can swing along the welding line direction.

  The spring 8 is fixed between the upper end portion of the movable frame 7 and the back surface side of the upper end portion of the main body frame 100, and urges the roller support frame 5 downward by the repulsive force of the spring 8. That is, the copying roller 4 is biased with a predetermined load toward the plate surface of the welding base material W1. The urging force for the copying roller 4 can be obtained by changing the spring 8. However, the urging force for the copying roller 4 in the composite welding head T of the present embodiment is such that the copying roller 4 is welded to the welding mother. An urging force that does not separate from the material W is sufficient.

  Between the movable frame 7 and the main body frame 100, a pair of linear rails 9a for guiding and supporting a unit composed of the laser focusing head 1, the arc welding torch 2, and the roller support frame 5 so as to be movable in the vertical direction (arrow direction). In addition, a precision linear guide 9 including a linear guide 9b that travels on these linear rails 9a is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 1A, the pair of linear rails 9 a are arranged in parallel on one side surface of the main body frame 100 so as to extend in the vertical direction (arrow direction) with a predetermined interval. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1B, the linear guides 9b are attached and fixed to the side surfaces of the movable frame 7 facing one side surface of the fixed frame 100, and each linear guide 9b is movable on the linear rail 9a. It is supported by.

  Thereby, the unit consisting of the laser focusing head 1, the arc welding torch 2 and the roller support frame 5 supported by the movable frame 7 can be moved in the vertical direction (arrow direction).

As described above, the composite welding head T of the present embodiment has a configuration in which the roller support frame 5 is supported so as to be swingable along the weld line direction, and the copying roller 4 faces the plate surface of the welding base material W. By providing a structure for urging with a predetermined load and a structure for allowing the roller support frame 5 to move in the vertical direction, deformation, distortion, inclination, and change in thickness of the weld base material W with respect to the weld line direction. Even if this occurs, the copying roller 4 can be made to follow the change in the plate surface. As a result, the distance D _L , the distance D _A and the distance D _LA which are the three parameters described in [Problems to be solved by the invention] can be kept constant.

2. Operation of the laser arc hybrid welding head will now be described with reference to FIG. 1 for welding by hybrid welding head T of the present embodiment. In this operation example, a laser leading type welding method in which the laser focusing head 1 is arranged in front of the welding line direction and the arc welding torch 2 is arranged behind will be described.

  First, the articulated robot is operated to place the composite welding head T at the welding start position. At this time, the two copying rollers 4 are placed on the welding base material W1 so as to be substantially parallel to the vicinity of the welding line. Then, the copying roller 4 abuts on the welding base material W1 in a state where it is urged by a predetermined load in the plate surface direction of the welding base material W1 by the repulsive force of the spring 8.

Then, the horizontal position adjusting mechanism 80, the height adjusting mechanism 81, and the angle adjusting mechanism 90 are appropriately adjusted so that the above three parameters, the distance D _L , the distance D _A, and the distance D _LA have desired values. 1 and arc welding torch 2 are set.

  Next, when a welding start signal is input to a control device (not shown) of the articulated robot, laser / arc combined welding is started, and a weld bead Bw is formed at a butt portion with the welding base materials W1 and W2.

  The composite welding head T connected to the tip of the robot arm 200 moves in the X-axis direction (welding line direction) according to a welding path taught in advance by a teaching device in the robot body. At this time, the copying roller 4 of the composite welding head T is urged on the plate surface of the welding base material W1 by the repulsive force of the spring 8, and rolls in a state of sufficiently copying along the welding line direction.

  On the other hand, with respect to the welding progress direction of the composite welding head T, for example, when the inclination of the plate surfaces of the welding base materials W1 and W2 gradually increases toward the welding progress direction, the roller support frame 5 is the virtual axis of the rotating shaft 6. By tilting in the clockwise direction around the center point, the tilt of the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 with respect to the welding base material W is corrected.

  Further, when the roller support frame 5 is pushed up in the vertical direction via the precision linear guide 9, the spring 8 is contracted. Then, the copying roller 4 that rolls on the plate surface of the welding base material W1 rolls on the welding base material W1 while following the change in the inclination of the welding base material W1 against the biasing force of the spring 8. The heights of the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 with respect to the welding base material W can be corrected.

  Similarly, for example, when the inclination of the plate surfaces of the welding base materials W1 and W2 gradually decreases toward the welding progress direction with respect to the welding progress direction of the composite welding head T, the roller support frame 5 is attached to the rotating shaft 6. By tilting in the counterclockwise direction around the virtual center point, the tilt of the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 with respect to the welding base material W is corrected.

  Further, the roller support frame 5 is moved downward in the vertical direction through the precision linear guide 9 so that the spring 8 is extended, and the copying roller 4 that rolls on the plate surface of the welding base material W1 by the repulsive force of the spring 8 is attached. Rush. Thereby, the height of the laser condensing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 with respect to the welding base material W can be corrected.

  Thereafter, when the composite welding head T reaches the welding end position, the laser-arc composite welding is finished.

  In the composite welding head T of the present embodiment, the configuration in which the precision linear guide 9 is provided to allow the composite welding head T to move in the vertical direction has been described. A mechanism that urges the frame 5 and a mechanism that allows the vertical movement of the composite welding head T may be combined.

Embodiment 2
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing a second embodiment of the composite welding head according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the composite welding head T of the present embodiment differs in the number of copying rollers, the configuration of a roller support frame that supports the copying rollers, and the like. In FIG. 2, the same elements as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the first embodiment, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The composite welding head T has four copying rollers 4. One copying roller 4 is rotatably attached to the first roller support frame 5a via the rotation shaft 40 so as to roll along the weld line direction on the plate surface of the welding base material W1. . The other copying roller 4 is disposed at a position facing the one copying roller 4 and is a second roller support frame that rolls along the welding line direction on the plate surface of the welding base material W2. It is rotatably attached to 5b via a rotating shaft 40.

  As shown in FIG. 2 (a), a stay 75 is fixed between the inner side surface of the first roller support frame 5a and the inner side surface of the second roller support frame 5b. The frame 5a and the second roller support frame 5b are integrally formed. As shown in FIG. 2B, a ceiling plate 101 having a U-shaped cross-section is covered on the upper end surfaces of the first roller support frame 5a and the second roller support frame 5b.

  A ball joint 85 is attached between the upper end surface of the stay 75 and the back surface of the ceiling plate 101, and the unit composed of the first roller support frame 5a and the second roller support frame 5b is connected to the X axis. It is configured to be tiltable to the left and right with respect to the direction and the Y-axis direction. That is, the ball joint 85 allows the front / rear / left / right tilting of the unit composed of the first roller support frame 5a and the second roller support frame 5b with respect to the weld line direction.

  Further, a leaf spring 51 having a substantially chevron-shaped side surface is fixed to the gap between the upper end surfaces of the first roller support frame 5 a and the second roller support frame 5 b and the back surface of the ceiling plate 101. . Thus, a load is applied to each leaf spring 51 in advance.

  As a result, the repulsive force of the leaf spring 51 causes the arcuate portion of the leaf spring 51 to urge the upper end surfaces of the first roller support frame 5a and the second roller support frame 5b downward. That is, the one copying roller 4 and the other copying roller 4 are configured to be urged with a predetermined load toward the plate surfaces of the welding base materials W1 and W2.

  Further, guide bushes 52 are respectively attached to the gaps between the back surface of the vertically bent portion of the ceiling plate 101 and the upper outer side surfaces of the first roller support frame 5a and the second roller support frame 5b. . Each guide bush 52 acts to restrict the movement of the unit composed of the first roller support frame 5a and the second roller support frame 5b around the Z axis. In addition, the unit acts as a reaction force to return to the initial position with respect to the rotation around the X axis.

  In the portion of the first roller support frame 5a that does not interfere with the stay 75 on the inner side surface, a unit comprising the laser focusing head 1, the horizontal position adjusting mechanism 80, and the height adjusting mechanism 81 is provided with an angle adjusting mechanism 90. The base plate 82 is rotatably supported. Similarly to the laser condensing head 1, the arc welding torch 2 is also rotatably supported via a base plate 82 provided with an angle adjusting mechanism 90. (In FIG. 2B, the angle adjustment mechanism 90 is omitted.)

  Since the composite welding head T of the present embodiment is configured as described above, for example, the plate surfaces of the welding base materials W1 and W2 face the welding progress direction with respect to the welding progress direction of the composite welding head T. When the inclination gradually increases, the unit composed of the first roller support frame 5a and the second roller support frame 5b is inclined rightward with respect to the Y-axis direction by the action of the ball joint 85, and the welding base material W The inclination of the laser condensing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 with respect to is corrected.

  Further, the unit composed of the first roller support frame 5a and the second roller support frame 5b tilts to the right with respect to the Y-axis direction, so that the first roller support frame 5a and the second roller support frame 5b The gap between the upper end of the welding progress direction side and the back surface of the ceiling plate 101 is reduced, and the corresponding arcuate portion of the leaf spring 51 is elastically deformed.

  Since the plate spring 51 is elastically deformed, the four copying rollers 4 roll on the welding base materials W1 and W2 while following the change in the inclination of the welding base material W with respect to the welding progress direction. The height of the laser condensing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 with respect to can also be corrected.

  Further, in FIG. 2B, for example, when it is assumed that the weld base material W2 is thicker than the weld base material W1 and these are welded, the first roller support frame 5a and the second roller support frame 5b. The unit consisting of is inclined leftward with respect to the X-axis direction, and corrects the inclination of the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 with respect to the welding base material W.

  Further, the unit composed of the first roller support frame 5a and the second roller support frame 5b is tilted leftward with respect to the X-axis direction, so that the upper end surface of the second roller support frame 5b and the ceiling plate 101 are The gap with the back surface is reduced, and the corresponding leaf spring 51 as a whole is elastically deformed. On the other hand, the gap between the upper end surface of the first roller support frame 5a and the back surface of the ceiling plate 101 is increased, and the copying roller 4 that rolls on the plate surface of the welding base material W1 by the repulsive force of the corresponding plate spring 51 is provided. Energize.

  Thus, even when welding base materials having different plate thicknesses are used, the copying roller 4 that follows the welding base material W1 and the copying roller 4 that follows the welding base material W2 are respectively welded base materials W1 and W2. It rolls in a fully imitating state while urging the plate surface. As a result, the heights of the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 with respect to the welding base material W can be corrected.

Thus, the composite welding head T of the present embodiment keeps the three parameters, the distance D _L , the distance D _A, and the distance D _LA, as in the composite welding head T of the first embodiment. Can do.

  In addition, a state in which one copying roller 4 copying on the welding base material W1 and the other copying roller 4 copying on the welding base material W2 are sufficiently copied while urging the welding base materials W1 and W2 independently. Therefore, the target positions of the laser condensing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 can always coincide with the weld line even when welding base materials having different plate thicknesses are welded.

  Further, the leaf spring 51 is used for both biasing the copying roller 4 to the welding base material W and correcting the heights of the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 with respect to the welding base material W. Compared to the composite welding head T of the embodiment, the structure can be simplified.

  In the composite welding head T of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, a mechanism for allowing the composite welding head T to move in the vertical direction (arrow direction) may be provided on the upper surface of the ceiling plate 101.

  In FIG. 5, there is a composite welding head between an L-shaped support member 104 fixed to the upper surface of the ceiling plate 101 and an inverted L-shaped movable support member 105 connected to the tip of the robot arm 200. A precision linear guide 901 is provided that includes a pair of linear rails 901a that allow T to move in the vertical direction (arrow direction), and a linear guide 901b that travels on the linear rail 901a. Further, a spring 801 is fixed between the horizontal members of the support member 104 and the movable support member 105.

  The pair of linear rails 901a are arranged in parallel so as to extend in the vertical direction (arrow direction) at a predetermined interval on one side surface of the movable support member 105. On the other hand, the linear guide 901b is attached and fixed to one side surface of the support member 104 facing one side surface of the movable support member 105, and each linear guide 901b is movably supported on the linear rail 901a.

  As a result, the copying roller 4 that follows the welding base material W1 and the copying roller 4 that follows the welding base material W2 are sufficiently copied while energizing the plate surfaces of the respective welding base materials W1 and W2. The function of correcting the heights of the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 with respect to the welding base material W can be further enhanced.

  In the composite welding head T of the present embodiment, the example in which the ball joint 85 is attached between the upper end surface of the stay 75 and the back surface of the ceiling plate 101 has been described. Instead of the ball joint 85, for example, a gimbal may be attached to allow the unit composed of the first roller support frame 5a and the second roller support frame 5b to be allowed to tilt forward, backward, left and right with respect to the weld line direction. By attaching the gimbal, the shape of the ceiling plate 101 can be formed into a simple flat plate shape.

Embodiment 3
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing a third embodiment of the composite welding head according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the composite welding apparatus T of the present embodiment includes a ceiling plate 102 and a side plate 103, a copying roller 4, and a second roller in addition to the configuration of the composite welding head T of the first embodiment. A support frame 5b, a second movable frame 700, a spring 800, and a second precision linear guide 900 are provided. In FIG. 3, the same elements as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The ceiling plate 102 is horizontally fixed to the upper end side surface of the roller support frame 5. The side plate 103 is fixed to the vicinity of the other end side of the ceiling plate 102 so as to be perpendicular to the ceiling plate 102.

  Two copying rollers 4 are arranged in series so as to be substantially parallel to the welding line direction, and are arranged on the second roller support frame 5b so as to roll along the welding line direction on the plate surface of the welding base material W2. It is rotatably attached via a rotating shaft 40.

  A rotation shaft 600 is attached to the second roller support frame 5b so as to penetrate in the horizontal direction. On the other hand, a bearing (not shown) is press-fitted to the side surface of the second movable frame 700 having a T-shaped cross section, and supports the rotation shaft 600 of the second roller support frame 5b. Thus, the second movable frame 700 is supported so that the second roller support frame 5b can swing along the weld line direction.

  The spring 800 is fixed between the upper end portion of the second movable frame 700 and the back surface side of the upper end portion of the ceiling plate 102, and urges the second roller support frame 5b downward by the repulsive force of the spring 800. . That is, the copying roller 4 is biased with a predetermined load toward the plate surface of the welding base material W2.

  Between the second movable frame 700 and the side plate 103, a pair of linears for guiding and supporting the unit composed of the second roller support frame 5b and the second movable frame 700 so as to be movable in the vertical direction (arrow direction). A precision linear guide 900 including a rail 900a and a linear guide 900b that travels on the linear rail 900a is provided.

  The pair of linear rails 900a are arranged in parallel so as to extend in the vertical direction (arrow direction) at a predetermined interval on one side surface of the side plate 103. On the other hand, the linear guide 900b is attached and fixed to the side surface of the second movable frame 700 facing one side surface of the side plate 103, and each linear guide 900b is movably supported on the linear rail 900a.

  As a result, the second roller support frame 5b supported by the second movable frame 700 can move in the vertical direction (arrow direction). The copying operation of the copying roller 4 supported by the second roller support frame 5b on the welding base material is the same as the operation description described in the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

  Thus, in the composite welding head T of the present embodiment, one of the copying rollers 4 supported by the roller support frame 5 is deformed, distorted, inclined, and plate thickness of the welding base material W1 with respect to the welding line direction. Even if this change occurs, it follows the change in the plate surface. In addition, even if the other copying roller 4 supported by the second roller support frame 5b is deformed, distorted, inclined, or changed in thickness of the welding base material W2 with respect to the welding line direction, Follow while changing.

  That is, one of the copying rollers 4 and the other of the copying rollers 4 is configured to follow independently while following the changes in the plate surfaces of the welding base materials W1 and W2. This configuration is the same as that of the composite welding head T of the second embodiment. However, in the composite welding head T of the present embodiment, each of the roller support frame 5 and the second roller support frame 5b has a weld base material. Since the tilt correction and height correction of the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 with respect to W1 and W2 are performed, the composite welding head T of the present embodiment is functionally superior.

Thereby, like the composite welding head T of the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the three parameters, the distance D _L , the distance D _A, and the distance D _LA can be kept constant. Further, even if there is a misunderstanding or a change in the plate thickness, the target positions of the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 can always be matched with the weld line.

  In the explanation of the operations in the first and second embodiments, the case where the plate surface of the welding base material W gradually increases in the welding progress direction and the case where the plate surface of the welding base material W progresses in welding. In the case where the inclination gradually decreases toward the direction, the example in which the inclination and height of the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 with respect to the welding base material W are corrected has been described. Similarly, when the plate thickness changes, the inclination and height of the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 with respect to the welding base material W can be corrected.

  Moreover, in the said 1st Embodiment-3rd Embodiment, although the copying roller 4 is set as the structure arrange | positioned in series so that it may become substantially parallel to a welding line direction, it is not necessarily connected in series so that it may become parallel to a welding line direction. It is not arranged, and the scanning roller 4 in the front of the welding line and the scanning roller 4 in the rear may be offset and arranged as long as they are separated from the welding line by a certain distance.

  Further, in the first to third embodiments, the example in which the disk-shaped copying roller 4 is used to copy the surface of the welding base material W has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and an abacus. It may be a ball shape or a bearing shape. Further, by making the shape of the copying roller 4 into a ball shape, for example, it is possible to cope with curved welding or weaving welding.

3. Configuration for Preventing Arc Welding Torch Damage and Welding Defect FIG. 4 is a side view showing a configuration for preventing damage to arc welding torch and arc welding failure in the composite welding head according to the present invention.

  In FIG. 4, when the laser beam 10 irradiated from the laser focusing head 1 is reflected on the surface of the welding base material W, the reflected light is applied to the shield gas nozzle 3 of the arc welding torch 2, thereby causing the shield gas nozzle 3. May burn out early. In order to prevent this, in this embodiment, the housing of the shield gas nozzle 3 of the arc welding torch 2 is configured to be rotationally driven around the electrode.

  The shield gas nozzle 3 of the arc welding torch 2 is supported by a bearing (both not shown) disposed in the stationary housing. Further, a gear 56 is fixed to the central outer peripheral portion of the shield gas nozzle 3, and the gear 56 and a pinion gear 55 disposed outside the arc welding torch 2 and attached to the front end portion of the motor 50. Are engaged. Thereby, when the motor 50 is driven, the housing of the shield gas nozzle 3 rotates around the electrode.

  Thus, since the housing of the shield gas nozzle 3 of the arc welding torch 2 is configured to rotate around the electrode, even if the reflected light of the laser beam 10 irradiates the shield gas nozzle 3, only a predetermined part is concentrated. Therefore, the risk that the shield gas nozzle 3 burns out early can be avoided.

  In this embodiment, the rotational force is transmitted using a gear mechanism in order to rotate the housing of the shield gas nozzle 3. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the rotational force can also be transmitted by a belt drive. is there.

  Next, the structure which prevents the welding defect of arc welding is demonstrated. In the laser condensing head 1, normally, air for cross jet for protecting the condensing lens optical system from sputtering or the like is applied from one direction of the tip of the laser condensing head 1 to the optical axis of the laser light 10. It erupts in a substantially right angle direction.

  Since the cross jet air jet 300 may disturb the jet of the shield gas 20 flowing out from the shield gas nozzle 3 of the arc welding torch 2 to deteriorate the weldability of the arc welding, A guide plate 12 that guides the jet 300 upward is provided at the tip of the laser focusing head 1.

  By providing the guide plate 12, the air jet 300 for the cross jet is guided upward, so that a negative pressure portion does not occur in the vicinity of the tip portions of the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2, and the shield gas nozzle Shield gas 20 flowing out from 3 is not disturbed. As a result, air can be prevented from being mixed into the shield gas 20, and the risk of welding defects in arc welding can be avoided.

  If the cross jet air jet 300 can be guided upward, the duct for discharging the cross jet air jet 300 upward is not limited to the guide plate 12 of the present embodiment. You may provide in the side of the head 1. FIG.

  In the embodiment disclosed herein, the laser condensing head 1 is disposed in front of the welding line direction and the arc welding torch 2 is disposed rearward. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The arc welding torch 2 is disposed in front of the welding line direction and the laser condensing head 1 is disposed in the rear. Further, in the embodiment disclosed this time, an example in which the laser focusing head 1 and the arc welding torch 2 are arranged in series on the welding line has been described. However, this “substantially in series” means both laser and arc. Within the range in which the combined effect of the heat source can be obtained, it is also included that the laser and the target position of the arc welding torch 2 are offset from each other.

  Furthermore, in the disclosed embodiment, the example in which the composite welding head T is attached to the tip of the robot arm 200 of the articulated robot has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. You may mount | wear with a trolley | bogie and may comprise as a portal type self-propelled welding apparatus. Further, for example, the composite welding head T can be mounted on a moving carriage, a rotating jig, an XY table, and the like.

  The embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative and not limiting. The present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the scope described above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

  The laser / arc composite welding head of the present invention is useful for welding of pressure vessels and the like as well as welding steel materials used for large structures such as ships, offshore structures, storage tanks, and high-rise buildings.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Laser condensing head 2 Arc welding torch 3 Shield gas nozzle 4 Copy roller 5 Roller support frame 6 Rotating shaft 7 Movable frame 8 Spring 9 Precision linear guide T Laser / arc combined welding head W Welding base material

Claims (7)

A laser arc that has a condensing lens optical system that condenses laser light and irradiates the base metal with an arc welding torch, and is welded using both laser welding and arc welding. A composite welding head,
At least two copying means arranged at a predetermined interval from the weld line and rolling along the weld line direction on the plate surface of the weld base material;
Copying support means for rotatably supporting the copying means;
Support means for supporting the copying support means so as to be swingable along the weld line direction;
Urging means for urging the copying support means with a predetermined load in the plate surface direction of the weld base material,
The laser / arc combined welding head, wherein the laser focusing head and the arc welding torch are respectively attached to the scanning support means so as to be arranged on a welding line.   2. The laser-arc combined welding head according to claim 1, further comprising linear motion means for guiding and supporting the support means in the vertical direction. A second copying means disposed opposite to the copying means across the weld line, and a second copying support means for rotatably supporting the second copying means;
Second support means for supporting the second copying support means so as to be swingable along the weld line direction;
Second linear motion means for guiding and supporting the second support means in the vertical direction;
Second urging means for urging the second copying support means with a predetermined load in the plate surface direction of the weld base material,
3. The laser / arc combined welding head according to claim 2, wherein the copying support means and the second support means are connected by a connecting member. A laser arc that has a condensing lens optical system that condenses laser light and irradiates the base metal with an arc welding torch, and is welded using both laser welding and arc welding. A composite welding head,
At least two copying means arranged at a predetermined interval from the weld line and rolling along the weld line direction on the plate surface of the weld base material;
First copying support means for rotatably supporting the copying means;
A second copying means disposed opposite to the copying means across the weld line, and a second copying support means for rotatably supporting the second copying means;
The first copying support means and the second copying support means are connected at their upper ends by a connecting member,
Urging means for urging the first profiling support means and the second profiling support means with a predetermined load in the plate surface direction of the weld base material;
Upper end surfaces of the first copying support means and the second copying support means, a top plate disposed via the biasing means,
Furthermore, a movable member that allows tilting in the front-rear and left-right directions with respect to the weld line direction in the first scanning support unit and the second scanning support unit is disposed between the coupling member and the top plate,
The laser focusing head and the arc welding torch are respectively attached to either the first scanning support means or the second scanning support means so as to be disposed on the weld line. Arc composite welding head.   The laser condensing head and the arc welding torch are provided with a position adjusting mechanism for adjusting a horizontal position with respect to a welding line direction, a height with respect to a plate surface of the welding base material, and an angle with respect to the plate surface of the welding base material. The laser-arc composite welding head according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is characterized in that:   6. The shield gas nozzle housing of the arc welding torch is supported so as to be rotatable about an electrode, and further includes a rotation mechanism for rotating the shield gas nozzle housing. The laser-arc combined welding head according to any one of the above.   At the tip of the laser focusing head, cross jet air that is jetted in a direction substantially perpendicular to the optical axis of the laser beam from one direction of the tip of the laser focusing head is used as a shield gas nozzle for an arc welding torch. The laser-arc combined welding head according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising guide means for guiding the shield gas flowing out of the shield gas so as not to interfere with the shield gas.