JP5439502B2 - 対流圏の冷却方法 - Google Patents
対流圏の冷却方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5439502B2 JP5439502B2 JP2011543976A JP2011543976A JP5439502B2 JP 5439502 B2 JP5439502 B2 JP 5439502B2 JP 2011543976 A JP2011543976 A JP 2011543976A JP 2011543976 A JP2011543976 A JP 2011543976A JP 5439502 B2 JP5439502 B2 JP 5439502B2
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- iron
- halogen
- troposphere
- carrier gas
- aerosol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 142
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 113
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000005436 troposphere Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 67
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 50
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- -1 halogen hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- CODNYICXDISAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine monochloride Chemical compound BrCl CODNYICXDISAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910003902 SiCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910003691 SiBr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910014265 BrCl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XLUTWTYXYAQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-J C(C(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-].[C+4].C(C(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-] Chemical compound C(C(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-].[C+4].C(C(=O)[O-])(=O)[O-] XLUTWTYXYAQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 4
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical class [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BTOJSYRZQZOMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-7-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)N1C2=NC=NC(Cl)=C2C=C1 BTOJSYRZQZOMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L Ferrous fumarate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L 0.000 claims 3
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- IXQWNVPHFNLUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Fe] IXQWNVPHFNLUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical class [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 102000005298 Iron-Sulfur Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 108010081409 Iron-Sulfur Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ti] Chemical compound [Si].[Ti] UGACIEPFGXRWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 18
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) bromide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Br-].[Br-] GYCHYNMREWYSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- AIFMYMZGQVTROK-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrabromide Chemical compound Br[Si](Br)(Br)Br AIFMYMZGQVTROK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- GFAUNYMRSKVDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N formyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=O GFAUNYMRSKVDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007539 photo-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021575 Iron(II) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021576 Iron(III) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical class [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DHNCFAWJNPJGHS-UHFFFAOYSA-J [C+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O Chemical compound [C+4].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O DHNCFAWJNPJGHS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- GNKTZDSRQHMHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Si].[Si].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti] Chemical compound [Si].[Si].[Si].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti] GNKTZDSRQHMHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGGLLRJQCZROSE-UHFFFAOYSA-K ammonium iron(iii) sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O XGGLLRJQCZROSE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical class N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMEAURNTRYCPNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;iron(2+) Chemical compound N.[Fe+2] UMEAURNTRYCPNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003842 bromide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000435 bromine oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001902 chlorine oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MAYPHUUCLRDEAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorine peroxide Chemical compound ClOOCl MAYPHUUCLRDEAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MQLVWQSVRZVNIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O MQLVWQSVRZVNIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyl Chemical compound [OH] TUJKJAMUKRIRHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);oxalate Chemical class [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBUHAZKODAUXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[Fe+2] UBUHAZKODAUXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGPQTSCLUYMZHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] QGPQTSCLUYMZHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011147 magnesium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FXBYOMANNHFNQV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OS([O-])(=O)=O.OS([O-])(=O)=O FXBYOMANNHFNQV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002663 nebulization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- FMSOWMGJJIHFTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidobromine(.) Chemical compound Br[O] FMSOWMGJJIHFTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- FEONEKOZSGPOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-K tribromoiron Chemical compound Br[Fe](Br)Br FEONEKOZSGPOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G15/00—Devices or methods for influencing weather conditions
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Description
イ)20℃でガス状、ロ)500℃以下で気化性、ハ)50℃以上の測定しうる蒸気圧の少なくとも1つを特徴とし、塩素及び臭素の群のハロゲン化化合物に専ら関する。
イ)塩水電解の使用によりハロゲン含有物質の対流圏への放出、
ロ)金属鉄及びその合金とハロゲンとの反応、元素態シリコーン及びその合金とハロゲンとの反応及び金属チタン及びその合金とハロゲンとの反応の群の少なくとも1つの反応の使用によりハロゲン含有物質の対流圏への放出、
ハ)担体ガスの使用によりハロゲン含有物質の対流圏への放出、
ニ)自由対流圏でのハロゲン含有物質の形成
の少なくとも1つを特徴とする。
a)既定の目標組成への差異を測定するために、地球規模で分布したエーロゾル測定場所のネットワーク且つまた例えば衛星に基いた分析プロセスを用いることによりエーロゾルの含量及び組成を測定し:
b)既定の目標組成への差異に応じて、対流圏へのガス状、蒸気状又はエーロゾル状添加剤の欠失成分の適当な導入を行なう
ことが本発明の方法の重要な要旨である。
活性元素を含有する微細な粒子のエーロゾルの本発明による製造の最も有効でしかも好ましい変更例は、最初は完全に蒸気状の物理状態で担体ガスに添加されあるいはガスとして担体ガスに導入されるような仕方で活性元素化合物の担体ガスへの導入である。この要領で、全ての活性成分を担体ガスに導入できる:鉄好ましくはFeCl3としての鉄、ケイ素好ましくはSiCl4としてのケイ素、塩素好ましくはFeCl3、Cl2、BrCl又はSiCl4としての塩素、臭素好ましくはSiBr4、Br2、BrClとしての臭素及び炭素好ましくは塩化オキサリル、シュウ酸又はシュウ酸アンモニウムとしての炭素。
鉄 5%に等しいか又はそれより多い
塩素+硫黄+シュウ酸塩−炭素+ケイ素 90%に等しいか又はそれより小さい
臭素 5%に等しいか又はそれより小さい
これらの要件に合致する例示的な処方物を次に記載するが、該処方物からは機械的な噴霧化により生成されるエーロゾルの形成に適当である水溶液又は懸濁物を製造できる:
実施例1
例示的処方物1:
塩化鉄(III) 1重量部
臭化鉄(III) 0.01重量部
シュウ酸アンモニウム 0.1重量部
実施例2
例示的処方物2:
塩化鉄(II) 1重量部
臭化鉄(II) 0.01重量部
シュウ酸アンモニウム 0.05重量部
実施例3
例示的処方物3:
海塩(sea salt) 1重量部
硫酸鉄(III) 0.1重量部
シュウ酸アンモニウム 0.05重量部
実施例4
例示的処方物4:
海塩 1重量部
硝酸鉄(III) 0.1重量部
シュウ酸アンモニウム 0.05重量部
実施例5
例示的処方物5:
海塩 1重量部
硫酸鉄(II) 0.1重量部
塩化水素 0.01重量部
シュウ酸アンモニウム 0.05重量部
実施例6
例示的処方物6:
海塩 1重量部
硫酸鉄(III)アンモニウム 0.1重量部
塩化水素 0.01重量部
シュウ酸アンモニウム 0.05重量部
実施例7
例示的処方物7:
海塩 1重量部
硫化鉄 0.2重量部
塩化水素 0.01重量部
シュウ酸アンモニウム 0.1重量部
実施例8
例示的処方物8:
海塩 1重量部
酸化鉄水和物 0.2重量部
元素態硫黄 0.1重量部
塩化水素 0.01重量部
シュウ酸アンモニウム 0.1重量部
実施例9
例示的処方物9:
海塩 1重量部
塩化鉄(III) 0.2重量部
元素態硫黄 0.1重量部
SiO2として算出したゲル形のケイ酸 0.2重量部
シュウ酸 0.1重量部
実施例1及び2の処方物は、グラウンド基質の放出設備からの担体ガス流と共に、好ましくは中温煙ガス及び中温廃気及び廃ガス流の放出源により担体ガス流と共に本発明のエーロゾルの放出に好ましい。用いた運搬ガスは、硫酸塩及び硫酸水素塩として、本発明のエーロゾルとの接触で迅速に吸収される二酸化硫黄と空気からの酸素とを好ましくは含有する。かゝる放出設備を定置した都会地域の上方では、本発明のエーロゾルを特に好ましい硫酸水素塩(hydrogen sulfate)で富化することを達成するために十分な二酸化硫黄が多くの場合に存在する。硫酸水素塩の形成は、鉄塩における液体のハロゲン化物ラジカルへの光化学酸化によりそのハロゲン化物成分の減損が完了した時でさえ、エーロゾルの所望の吸湿性挙動を生起し、それ故エーロゾルそれ自体は例えば実施例2による処方物の如く、更なる吸湿性の塩成分を含有しない。実施例1による処方物に含有される鉄(III)塩は既に本来吸湿性である。
イ)低い鉄塩含量を有する天然の火山灰と対比すると本発明で製造した純粋な鉄塩エーロゾルの本質的に高い反応性、
ロ)本発明で製造した塩エーロゾルに関して、比較的多孔質の火山灰と比較して大気中で何倍もの長い滞留時間、
ハ)暗色の随伴鉱物及びそれらの大きな内部表面の故に日光に対して相対的に非透明性である小さな気泡のガラス構造体、
本発明で製造した鉄ハロゲン化物エーロゾルによる特定のメタン分解は火山灰のそれよりも何倍も高い。この算出によると、鉄ハロゲン化物エーロゾル中の1Kgの鉄は、光分解で誘発される酸化及び植物プランクトン増殖の促進により約10tのメタンと60tの二酸化炭素を分解し得る。
イ)本発明の臭素、塩素及び鉄の放出物との化学反応によりオゾン、媒煙及び二酸化炭素の対流圏濃度の除去、
ロ)本発明の臭素、塩素及び鉄の放出物により物理的に惹起される地球規模の日光反射の増大。
イ)年々の平均気温の低下、沈滞(stagnation)、緩慢な増大又は未減幅の(undampened)増大(対流圏)、
ロ)メタン含量の低下、沈滞、低減した増大又は未減幅の増大(対流圏)、
ハ)二酸化炭素含量の低減又は沈滞(対流圏)、
ニ)一酸化炭素含量の低下、沈滞、低減した又は未減幅の増大(対流圏)、
ホ)暗色炭素粒子(媒煙及び腐植物質型炭素富化エーロゾル)の含量の低下、沈滞、低減した又は未減幅の増大(対流圏)、
ヘ)オゾン含量の低下又は沈滞(対流圏)、
ト)塩素濃度の増大又は沈滞(対流圏)、
チ)臭素活性元素濃度の増大又は沈滞(対流圏)、
リ)鉄活性元素濃度の増大又は沈滞(対流圏)、
ヌ)一定の又は増大する雲の被覆の結果として地球の雲反射の増大又は沈滞(対流圏)、
ル)一定の又は増大する特定の雲反射の結果として地球の雲反射の増大又は沈滞(対流圏)、
オ)世界の海洋中のクロロフィル含量の増大又は沈滞(海洋)。
Claims (14)
- 対流圏の制御した冷却方法であって、対流圏が少なくとも元素の鉄と吸湿性塩又は塩溶液の形で元素の塩素及び臭素の少なくとも1つとを包含するエーロゾルで富化されている冷却方法において、酸化剤として酸素又はハロゲン炭化水素を用いての燃焼では生じない塩素及び臭素化合物の群の少なくとも1つのガス状又は気化状ハロゲン含有物質を対流圏に添加し、これによってハロゲン含有物質は次の諸特性:
イ)20℃でガス状、ロ)500℃以下で気化性、ハ)50℃以上の測定し得る蒸気圧、ニ)吸湿性、ホ)加水分解可能
の少なくとも1つを特徴とし、
該ハロゲン含有物質の形成は次の諸工程:
1)塩水電解を用いることによりハロゲン含有物質の対流圏への放出、
2)次の群:金属鉄、金属チタン、元素態ケイ素、鉄−ケイ素合金、鉄−チタン合金、ケイ素−チタン合金、元素態硫黄、鉄−硫黄化合物特に硫化鉄(II)からの少なくとも1つの物質とハロゲンである塩素及び臭素との少なくとも1つの反応を用いてハロゲン含有物質の対流圏への放出、
3)機械的な燻蒸によりエーロゾルとしてハロゲン含有物質の対流圏への放出であって、その際該ハロゲン含有物質は、エーロゾルの水含量を考慮することなく放出されるエーロゾルの組成物中に次の割合の元素の鉄、塩素、臭素、硫黄、シュウ酸塩−炭素及びケイ素を有するものとする:
鉄 5%に等しいか又はそれより多い
塩素+硫黄+シュウ酸塩−炭素+ケイ素 90%に等しいか又はそれより少ない
臭素 5%に等しいか又はそれより少ない
ハロゲン含有物質の対流圏への放出
の少なくとも1つにより生起することを特徴とする対流圏の冷却制御方法。 - ハロゲン含有物質の対流圏への添加は担体ガスで行なうか及び/又はハロゲン含有物質を自由対流圏で形成することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の方法。
- 1年当り100,000t又はそれ以下の鉄装填量に地球規模で相当するエーロゾルで対流圏を富化させ、エーロゾルの物質組成は、鉄及びハロゲンの群の元素とは別にして、ケイ素、炭素、硫黄及び窒素の群の少なくとも1つの別元素を含有することを特徴とする、請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- エーロゾルでの対流圏の富化は、各々少なくとも1つの場合でしかも同時にしかも1つの担体ガス流中で、少なくとも1つの気化性及び/又はガス状ハロゲン含有物質及び少なくとも1つの鉄含有物質の放出によって行ない、これによって担体ガス流を、収納(containment)に通して導通させあるいは担体ガス流は大気に通して自由に移動し、あるいは担体ガス及びハロゲン含有物質と鉄含有物質との担体ガスへの導入場所は互いに関連して移動し、
ハロゲン含有物質及び鉄含有物質の吸収後のそれぞれの担体ガスを対流圏に放出することを特徴とする請求項2記載の方法。 - エーロゾルでの対流圏の富化は、各々少なくとも2つの別個の場所で及び/又は相異なる時間で1つの担体ガス流中に、少なくとも1つの気化性及び/又はガス状ハロゲン含有物質と少なくとも1つの鉄含有物質との導入により行ない、
これによってそれぞれの担体ガス流をそれぞれの導入場所で収納に通して導通させ、あるいはそれぞれの担体ガス流は大気に通して自由に移動しあるいはそれぞれの担体ガス流及び担体ガスへのハロゲン含有物質及び鉄含有物質のそれぞれの導入場所は互いに関連して移動し、
ハロゲン含有物質及び鉄含有物質の吸収後のそれぞれの担体ガスを対流圏に放出することを特徴とする請求項2記載の方法。 - 鉄含有物質をエーロゾルの形で担体ガスに添加することを特徴とする請求項4又は5記載の方法。
- ハロゲン含有物質はFeCl3、FeCl3×6H2O、FeBr3、FeB3×6H2O、SiCl4、SiBr4 ,Br2、Cl2、BrCl、S2Cl2 ,SCl2、S2Br2、SBr2、HBr、HCl、NH4Cl、NH4Br、塩化オキサリル、臭化オキサリルの群から選ばれることを特徴とする請求項1〜6の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 鉄含有物質は鉄(II)塩、塩化物無含有鉄(III)塩、鉄カルコゲナイド及び鉄塩の混合物、鉄塩溶液及び海水塩と海水との鉄カルコゲナイド懸濁物の群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1〜6の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- エーロゾルはシュウ酸塩及び/又はシュウ酸を含有することを特徴とする請求項3記載の方法。
- 排気ガス流及び/又は航空機又は船舶の空気流又は回転羽根での風又は風力設備の塔での風を担体ガスとして用いることを特徴とする請求項1〜9の何れか1項に記載の方法。
- 塩水電解によって形成されるハロゲン及びハロゲン間組成物を直接対流圏に放出することを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 海水を塩水電解に用い、塩水電解で生成したブラインを海洋に通送することを特徴とする請求項11記載の方法。
- 塩水電解で生成したハロゲンは、金属鉄、金属チタン、硫化鉄(II)、ケイ化鉄、鉄−チタン合金及び元素態ケイ素の群からの少なくとも1つの固体物質との反応により、鉄(III)ハロゲン化物、ケイ素テトラハロゲン化物、チタンテトラハロゲン化物及び硫黄ハロゲン化物の群からの少なくとも1つのガス状化合物に転化され、これによって1つ又はそれ以上のガス状化合物を担体ガスと共に対流圏に直接放出することを特徴とする請求項2記載の方法。
- 塩水分解で生成したハロゲンは、少なくとも1つの鉄化合物含有溶液との反応により、沈降した鉄カルコゲナイド含有懸濁物との反応によりあるいは元素態硫黄含有溶融物との反応により、塩化物類の群の1つ又はそれ以上のハロゲン化物化合物に転化され、これによって1つ又はそれ以上のハロゲン化物化合物を担体ガスと共に対流圏に直接放出することを特徴とする請求項2記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009004081 | 2009-01-02 | ||
DE102009004081.1 | 2009-01-02 | ||
DE102009006603 | 2009-01-29 | ||
DE102009006603.9 | 2009-01-29 | ||
DE102009057369 | 2009-12-09 | ||
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DE102009059005A DE102009059005A1 (de) | 2009-01-02 | 2009-12-17 | Klimakühlung mit eisenhaltigen Salzgemisch-Aerosolen |
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GB0921879D0 (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2010-01-27 | Davidson Technology Ltd | Atmospheric delivery system |
DE102011108433A1 (de) | 2011-07-26 | 2013-01-31 | Franz Dietrich Meyer-Oeste | Klimakühlung mittels dampfförmiger hydrophober Eisenverbindungen |
DE102013007409A1 (de) | 2012-08-31 | 2014-03-20 | Franz Dietrich Meyer-Oeste | Den aktivierten Abbau der Treibhausgase Methan und Ozon in der Troposphäre auslösende Oberflächen |
DE102017010697A1 (de) | 2017-08-06 | 2019-02-07 | Franz Dietrich Oeste | Verfahren zur Klimakühlung |
DE102021117392A1 (de) | 2021-07-06 | 2023-01-12 | Atmospheric Methane Removal AG | Verwendung einer schwimmenden oder über oder auf Wasser fixierbaren Plattform zum Sprühen von Eisensalz-Aerosolen |
DE102022001608A1 (de) | 2022-04-21 | 2023-10-26 | Franz Dietrich Oeste | Verfahren zur Beschleunigung des Treibhausgasabbaus Methan und Ozon in der Troposphäre |
DE102022001961A1 (de) | 2022-06-07 | 2023-12-07 | Franz Dietrich Oeste | Atmosphärischer Methanabbau mit Aqua-regia-Aerosol |
CN118338950A (zh) * | 2021-10-01 | 2024-07-12 | 弗朗茨·迪特里希·奥斯特 | 光催化气溶胶 |
WO2024028346A1 (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2024-02-08 | Franz Dietrich Oeste | A photocatalytic aerosol, its production and usage thereof |
WO2024062112A1 (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2024-03-28 | University Of Copenhagen | Method for quantification of methane removal |
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CA973655A (en) * | 1971-12-13 | 1975-09-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Moldable imaging composition |
US5376346A (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1994-12-27 | Powers; Richard M. | Method of reducing the destruction of ozone in the earth's stratosphere by the removal of chlorine, chlorine monoxide radicals, and catalytic aerosols |
US5678783A (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 1997-10-21 | Wong; Alfred Y. | System and method for remediation of selected atmospheric conditions and system for high altitude telecommunications |
RU2112357C1 (ru) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-06-10 | Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "Простор Плюс" | Способ воздействия на атмосферные образования |
CN100579630C (zh) * | 2001-07-31 | 2010-01-13 | 欧内斯特·赖尔斯 | 添加了生命元素和/或保护物质的对流层容积元素 |
DE10217932A1 (de) * | 2001-07-31 | 2003-02-13 | Franz Dietrich Oeste | Brennstoffe und Brennstoffzusätze zur nachhaltigen Verbesserung der menschlichen Existenzgrundlagen |
CN2634407Y (zh) * | 2003-07-07 | 2004-08-18 | 王大荣 | 喷射式循环水冷却塔 |
WO2006041001A1 (ja) * | 2004-10-08 | 2006-04-20 | Japan Techno Co., Ltd. | 中性電解水、中性電解水の製造方法及び中性電解水の製造装置 |
US8148584B2 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2012-04-03 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Compositions, combustion prevention compositions, methods for preventing and/or extinguishing combustion, combustion prevention systems, and production processes |
DE102007022685A1 (de) | 2006-07-13 | 2008-01-17 | Franz Dietrich Oeste | Verbrennungsabgase zur Klimakühlung |
US20080257977A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-23 | Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware | High altitude atmospheric alteration system and method |
DE102009004281A1 (de) | 2008-01-21 | 2009-07-23 | Franz Dietrich Oeste | Klimakühlende Feststoff- und Gasverbrennung |
CN101621714B (zh) | 2008-06-30 | 2013-06-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | 节点、数据处理系统和数据处理方法 |
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RU2511252C2 (ru) | 2014-04-10 |
US20110284650A1 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
DE102009059005A1 (de) | 2010-08-19 |
AU2010203265A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
BRPI1007391B1 (pt) | 2018-04-10 |
CN102340985A (zh) | 2012-02-01 |
WO2010075856A2 (de) | 2010-07-08 |
AU2010203265B2 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
CA2748680A1 (en) | 2010-07-08 |
CN102340985B (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
WO2010075856A3 (de) | 2010-09-16 |
JP2012514450A (ja) | 2012-06-28 |
DE112010000104A5 (de) | 2012-06-06 |
EP2381759A2 (de) | 2011-11-02 |
PL2381759T3 (pl) | 2014-09-30 |
US9456557B2 (en) | 2016-10-04 |
EP2381759B1 (de) | 2014-03-26 |
BRPI1007391A2 (pt) | 2017-06-06 |
RU2011128125A (ru) | 2013-02-10 |
ES2474420T3 (es) | 2014-07-09 |
CA2748680C (en) | 2017-03-21 |
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