JP5397727B2 - Feeding method of livestock characterized by feeding specific feed - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is an invention relating to a ruminant breeding method characterized by feeding a specific feed to ruminants used as livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats, etc., and further relates to a product obtained by the breeding method. It is also an invention.

  A cancer prevention effect of conjugated linoleic acid (hereinafter also referred to as CLA), which is a fatty acid characteristic of ruminants, has been reported, and then a fat accumulation suppression effect of CLA (t10c12) has been reported.

  Of the ruminants, cattle are the most familiar domestic animals in Japan, but the so-called sashimi beef meat, which has become popular in recent years, should be kept on fattening feed that contains a lot of grain-based food. There is a tendency to decrease.

Examples of techniques for increasing conjugated linoleic acid in ruminants include techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2. In Patent Document 1, a technique for directly feeding conjugated linoleic acid to ruminants is disclosed, and in Patent Document 2, by feeding a feed supplemented with high oil corn (HOL) germ, Techniques for increasing conjugated linoleic acid in ruminants have been disclosed.
Japanese National Patent Publication No. 10-508189 JP 2002-65174 A

  However, in the direct administration of the conjugated linoleic acid disclosed in Patent Document 1, the cost of the conjugated linoleic acid derived from a natural product is high, and the synthetic product requires consideration of safety as well as the cost problem.

  In addition, as disclosed in Patent Document 2, it is known that the ratio of linoleic acid is high in the fatty acid composition of HOL germ. However, linoleic acid contained in HOL is used for ruminant teeth in ruminants. Depending on the flora, the method of converting to conjugated linoleic acid is problematic in efficiency.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to establish a means for increasing conjugated linoleic acid in an efficient ruminant route different from HOL.

  As a result of repeated investigations aimed at solving the above problems, the present inventor made the feed containing a material rich in α-linolenic acid in ruminants, thereby efficiently increasing the amount of conjugated linoleic acid in ruminants. The present invention has been completed by finding that it can be increased.

That is, the present invention first repels one or more selected from the group consisting of sesame seed, sesame oil, bitter melon seed, bitter melon seed oil, linseed , and linseed oil (also referred to as high α-linolenic acid plant material). The present invention provides a ruminant breeding method (hereinafter, also referred to as “main breeding method”) characterized by feeding the animal and breeding the ruminant.

  Second, the present invention provides a feed composition containing a high α-linolenic acid plant material and a feed material for fattening (hereinafter, also referred to as the present feed composition), which is used when performing the breeding method. It is.

Thirdly, the present invention relates to a ruminant bred by the breeding method, a method for producing edible meat from the ruminant, a method for producing animal milk, and a conjugate in the meat and milk of the ruminant by the breeding method. This invention provides a method for increasing linoleic acid.

  The present invention provides a plant material rich in α-linolenic acid, that is, a high α-linolenic acid plant material in which the content ratio of α-linolenic acid is higher than that of other fatty acids, for ruminants such as cattle. By feeding, the conjugated linoleic acid converted from α-linolenic acid through the same digestion and absorption system of the animal as in the normal nutrients is reduced, and the animal's meat (including intermuscular fat) It is an invention completed by finding that it is efficiently incorporated into skeletal muscle).

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, there are provided a breeding method and a feed composition capable of promoting the production of conjugated linoleic acid in ruminants such as cattle. Also provided are the ruminant, a method for producing edible meat and milk from the ruminant, and a method for promoting the production of conjugated linoleic acid in the ruminant.

[Main breeding method]
This breeding method is a breeding method for ruminants such as cows, which is mainly characterized by feeding a high α-linolenic acid plant material as feed.

Sesame seed, sesame seed oil, bitter gourd seed, bitter gourd seed oil, flaxseed , or linseed oil , which are high α-linolenic acid plant materials, all have a higher α-linolenic acid content in the fatty acids contained than other fatty acids It is. The content of α-linolenic acid in the fatty acid contained in the high α-linolenic acid plant material is preferably 12% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 20% by mass or more.

  In particular, sesame seed or sesame seed oil is suitable as a high α-linolenic acid component to be contained in the feed composition. Sesame is an annual Lamiaceae plant that is cultivated as food in East Asia. It is known that about 60% by mass of α-linolenic acid is contained in the oil content of sesame seeds. In this breeding method, the sesame seed to be added may be the sesame seed itself, or may be one obtained by heat-treating the seed. Further, it may be a non-heat treated or heat treated seed pulverized product. Further, the sesame oil may be sesame oil obtained through an oil extraction process on the sesame seeds. In Table 1 below, the composition of sesame seeds is described for China and Japan, and in Table 2, the fatty acid composition of sesame seeds is also described.

  The supply amount of the high α-linolenic acid plant material in this breeding method is also affected by the content of α-linolenic acid in the plant material, and the supply amount can be selected as necessary. In particular, since the high α-linolenic acid plant material mainly contains fats and oils such as α-linolenic acid, it is necessary to consider the possibility of causing indigestion and diarrhea if excessively fed. Moreover, when there are too few compounding quantities of a high alpha linolenic acid plant raw material, it will become difficult to perform production | generation promotion of sufficient conjugated linoleic acid.

  For example, in the case of the high α-linolenic acid plant material such as the sesame seed, 1 to 5% by mass is preferable with respect to the total feed of the feeding unit, and a range of 2 to 3% by mass is particularly preferable. In the present invention, “salary unit” means the total amount (mass) of feed to be fed at one time. For example, when feeding feed to ruminants such as cattle in the morning, it means the total amount of feed in the breakfast.

  Basically, feed for feeding in this breeding method is mixed with feed for fattening (concentrated feed). Examples of feed materials for fattening include cereals (corn, rice, wheat, barley, buckwheat, etc.), oil cakes, bran, manufactured meals (molasses, peat pulp, beer residue, etc.), animal feed (skim milk powder, etc.) However, if the feed material that can be the main component of these concentrated feeds is mixed excessively, the production of conjugated linoleic acid in ruminants, which is an effect of the present invention, is suppressed. The trend should be noted. Specifically, the blending amount of these feed materials for fattening in this breeding method is preferably 4 to 60% by mass with respect to the total feed of the salary unit, particularly preferably the same. It can be fed together with the high α-linolenic acid plant material at a rate of 4 to 40% by mass. The blending of the feed material for fattening within this preferred limit does not substantially inhibit the production of conjugated linoleic acid by feeding the feed composition in ruminants such as cattle. In more detail, the activity of the bacterial flora that produces conjugated linoleic acid in the rumen of ruminants tends to be activated or stagnated depending on the content of the concentrated feed material. In particular, the ratio of moss and cereal is considered to be related. In addition, bran is bran, corn gluten feed, rice bran, wheat straw, soybean hulls, and the like. Although it is possible not to mix moss in the feed, it is preferable and realistic to mix it. In the first period of fattening, the blending range is preferably about 0.6 to 0.9 mass for potatoes with respect to 1 mass of cereal, and 0.1 to 0 with respect to 1 mass of cereals in the later stage of fattening. .About.3 mass is preferred.

  In this breeding method, it is preferable to feed the grass feed in combination with the high α-linolenic acid plant material and the feed material for fattening described above. The grass feed is not particularly limited as long as it is usually used as a grass feed, and can also be used in the present invention. For example, grasses such as orchard grass, timothy, and Italian ryegrass, and legumes such as alfalfa and clover can be exemplified. The feed amount of the grass feed can be appropriately selected and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 40 to 70% by weight, particularly 60 to 70% by weight based on the total feed of the feed unit. Is preferred. In this breeding method, straw and the like can be fed as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.

  Ruminants that are subject to this breeding method include cattle (beef cattle, milking cattle), goats, sheep, etc., but cattle, particularly beef cattle, are preferred. By performing this breeding method for beef cattle, it becomes possible to obtain beef that is rich in conjugated linoleic acid and that is healthy in the future. For example, it is possible to obtain healthier red meat rich in conjugated linoleic acid by performing this breeding method on Japanese shorthorn species.

  In the feeding of feed in this breeding method, a composition in which high α-linolenic acid plant material and fattening feed material are mixed is prepared or purchased in advance, and this is given to ruminants at the same time as other feeds. It is efficient. That is, this feed composition contains a high α-linolenic acid plant material and a feed material for fattening. Usually, since all of the high α-linolenic acid plant material to be fed is contained in the composition for feed, it is possible to save the user from having to separately obtain the high α-linolenic acid plant material. is there. As for the feed material for fattening, a part or all of the feed material for fattening to be fed can be blended in the composition for rearing. Usually, it is assumed that 75 to 98% by mass of the feed material for fattening to be fed is added to the composition for breeding, but the present invention is not limited to this.

  The feed method for ruminants in this breeding method can be performed according to the normal feed method except that a high α-linolenic acid plant material is used. Specifically, the example is disclosed in the embodiments.

  Moreover, this breeding method can be applied to ruminants, the ruminants can be slaughtered, and the muscles or internal organs of the ruminants can be separated into edible meat. The edible meat produced in this way is rich in conjugated linoleic acid and matches human health orientation. Further, by milking the ruminant female, animal milk rich in conjugated linoleic acid can be obtained. The animal milk can be used as drinkable milk as milk or the like, and can also be processed into milk processed products such as butter and cheese.

  As described above, it is possible to increase the conjugated linoleic acid in the ruminant by breeding the ruminant with this breeding method.

  Examples of the present invention will be disclosed below, and the present invention will be specifically described. This example does not limit the scope of the present invention.

[Example]
When α-linolenic acid is fed to cattle, α-linolenic acid is converted into conjugated linoleic acid by microorganisms in the rumen and transferred to the blood and taken into the adipose tissue in the body. If conjugated linoleic acid can be accumulated in beef (skeletal muscle including intermuscular fat) by feeding sesame seeds containing a lot of α-linolenic acid using Japanese shorthorn varieties, functional fats can be reduced. It is possible to create rich and healthy “functional beef”. The purpose of this example is to accumulate conjugated linoleic acid in Japanese shorthorn beef (skeletal muscle including intermuscular fat) by feeding with a feed containing sesame seeds.

( Test method )
A fattening test of fattening cattle (6 Japanese shorthorn breeds, 8 months old, steers) was performed according to the following schedule (FIG. 1)). Note that fattening is a period of 8 months to 22 months of cattle. Except for the following sesame seed feeding period, feeding of cattle fattening that is usually performed using the following mixed feed throughout the first and second half Feeding was performed according to the schedule.
( Test 1 ): Examination of change in blood conjugated linoleic acid content (early fattening period) by feeding sesame seeds (eggoma seeds 300 g / day) for 5 days ( test 2 ): feeding sesame seeds (eggoma seeds 150 g / day) for 15 days Examination of change in blood conjugated linoleic acid content (early fattening) by day) ( Test 3 ): Change in blood conjugated linoleic acid content by late 15 days feeding of egoma seeds (egoma seed 150 g / day) (late fattening) Examination ( Test 4 ): Changes in blood conjugated linoleic acid content (late fattening stage) and beef (skeletal structure including intermuscular fat) by feeding egoma seeds during the fattening finishing period of 30 days (egoma seeds 150 g / day) Changes in the amount of conjugated linoleic acid accumulated in muscle and subcutaneous fat

[Test 1] Early period of fattening (1) Test period (5 days, May 16 to May 23, 2005)
(2) Feed

The following feed was fed daily to cattle as a daily dose.
Experimental plot (3 heads) → [Egoma seed (raw) 300g + concentrated feed for the first period of fattening (Meiji ration: Swan beef first period) 1kg)], concentrated feed for the first period of fattening (Meiji ration: first period of Swan beef) 4kg, grass (Timothy) 7 kg: The feed shown in [] is a mixed feed prepared by mixing the feed of the contents indicated therein, that is, the composition for this feed. The feed shown outside [] is in []. The mixed feed shown is a feed given separately (the same applies to the display in the column of this example).
Control zone (3 heads) → Concentrated feed for fattening early period (Meiji feed: Shiratori beef first period) 5 kg, pasture (timothy) 7 kg

[ Composition composition of thick feed for the first period of fattening (Meiji feed: first period of swan beef) ] (shown as mass% of the total feed)
Compounding amount (% by mass)
Cereals (corn, rye, barley, milo, dry-heated pressed soybeans) 41
Rice cakes (Bran, corn gluten feed, rice bran, soybean hulls) 31
Vegetable oil meal (soybean oil meal, rapeseed oil meal, corn gluten meal) 12
Other 16
(Alfalfa, beet valve, molasses, calcium carbonate, salt, calcium phosphate, vitamins (A, D3, E))

The content components of the concentrated feed consisting of the above blend are as follows.
Compounding component amount (% by mass)
Crude protein 15 or more Crude fat 2 or more Crude fiber 14 or more Crude ash 12 or less Calcium 0.4 or more Phosphorus 0.4 or more Total digestible nutrient (TDN) 68 or more Vitamins (A, D3, E)) Slightly appropriate amount

(3) Blood collection Blood collection was performed by collecting heparin blood (one vacuum blood collection tube) / head (centrifuged and then collecting plasma), and measuring the fatty acid composition in the plasma by gas chromatography (hereinafter the same). is there).

  The results are shown in FIG. 2 (FIGS. 2-1 and -2). As shown in this result, feeding sesame seeds for 5 days increased the blood content of α-linolenic acid (C18: 3 (n · 3)) contained in large amounts in sesame seeds, resulting in blood conjugated linoleic acid. The medium content also tended to increase at the end of the test. For other fatty acids (linoleic acid, etc.), there was no change in the blood content. Moreover, the time-dependent change of the triglyceride in plasma is shown in FIG. In addition, the vertical axis | shaft of four graphs from the top of this FIG. 2-FIG. 6-1 mentioned later and FIG. 6-2 is the fatty acid composition (mass%) in blood, or the quantity (mg / 100 ml) of triglyceride. The abscissa indicates the number of experimental days.

[Test 2] Early fattening (1) Test period (15 days: July 5 to July 22, 2005)
(2) Feed

The following feed was fed daily to cattle as a daily dose.
Experimental plot (3 heads) → [Egoma seed 150g, concentrated feed for the first period of fattening (Meiji feed: Swan beef first half) 0.5kg], concentrated feed for the first period of fattening (Meiji feed: first period of Swan beef) 4.5kg, grass (Timothy ) 7kg
Control zone (3 heads) → Concentrated feed for fattening early period (Meiji feed: Shiratori beef first period) 5 kg, pasture (timothy) 7 kg

  The results are shown in FIG. 4 (FIGS. 4-1, -2). By feeding sesame seeds for 15 days, the blood content of conjugated linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid after the sixth day of feeding increased significantly, and the blood content of linoleic acid significantly decreased. On the 15th day from the start of the test, the conjugated linoleic acid content in the experimental sesame feeding group was 3.6 times that in the control group. The blood content of arachidonic acid (C20: 4 (N-6)) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 5 (N-3): EPA) was significantly increased on the 10th day of feeding. For other fatty acids, no change was found in the blood content. In the conjugated linoleic acid of FIG. 4-1, when the supply of egoma was stopped after 15th, the conjugated linoleic acid decreased and returned to its original state 2 days later. Moreover, the content of α-linolenic acid was also reduced.

[Test 3] Late fattening period (1) Test period (15 days: November 22 to December 9, 2005)
(2) Feed

The following feed was fed daily to cattle as a daily dose.
Experimental plot (3 heads) → [Egoma seeds 150g, late for concentrated feed (Meiji ration: late swan beef 72) 0.5kg], late concentrate for late intensive feed (Meiji ration: late swan beef 72) 6.5kg , Grass (Timothy, rice straw) 5kg
Control group (3 heads) → Long term feed (Meiji feed: Shiratori beef late 72) 7 kg, pasture (Timothy) 5 kg, rice straw

[ Composition composition of thick feed for the first period of fattening (Meiji feed: first period of swan beef) ] (shown as mass% of the total feed)
Compounding amount (% by mass)
Cereals (corn, rye, barley, milo) 74
Rice cakes (Bran, corn gluten feed, rice bran, wheat straw, soybean hulls) 15
Vegetable oil meal (soybean oil meal) 8
Other 3
(Molasses, calcium carbonate, alfalfa meal, salt, calcium phosphate)

The content components of the concentrated feed consisting of the above blend are as follows.
Compounding component amount (% by mass)
Crude protein 12 or more Crude fat 2 or more Crude fiber 8 or less Crude ash 8 or less Calcium 0.4 or more Phosphorus 0.3 or more Total digestible nutrient (TDN) 72 or more

  The results are shown in FIG. 5 (FIGS. 5-1, -2). Also in the present sesame seed feeding test conducted by changing the concentrated feed for late fattening, the blood concentration of conjugated linoleic acid increased significantly from the 6th day to the 10th day of feeding. The concentration of α-linolenic acid (C18: 3 n-3) abundant in sesame seeds also increased significantly. The blood triglyceride level remained significantly low.

  In the previous study, no change was observed in linoleic acid (c18: 2 n-6), whose blood concentration was significantly reduced, but palmitoleic acid (C16: 1) and oleic acid (C18: 1) There was a low tendency in the experimental plot, and a high tendency in arachidic acid (C20: 0). Throughout the test period, the proportions of palmitoleic acid (C 16: 1), linoleic acid (C18: 2 n-6), and γ-linolenic acid (C18: 3 n-6) tended to be lower than the previous time.

  In this study, the change in fatty acid composition that was different from the previous one is considered to be due to the effect of changing the concentrated feed from the early fattening to the late fattening.

[Test 4] Late fattening period (1) Test period (30 days: January 13 to February 13, 2006)
(2) Feed

Experimental plot (3 heads) → [Egoma seeds 150g, late for concentrated feed (Meiji ration: Swan beef late 72) 0.5kg], late for concentrated feed (Meiji ration: late swan beef 72) 6.5kg, rice straw 2kg
Control group (3 heads) → 7 kg for late concentrate (Meiji feed: late 72 for swan beef) and 2 kg of rice straw were fed in a conventional manner.

  The results are shown in FIG. 6 (FIGS. 6-1 and -2). In this test, the blood content of conjugated linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid was significantly increased by feeding sesame seeds. On the other hand, the oleic acid (C18: 1) content was significantly reduced. There was no significant change in other fatty acids.

  When the ribulose meat of the test cow at the end of the period of Test 4 was obtained, beef (skeletal muscle including intermuscular fat) and subcutaneous fat were collected from the ribulose partial meat on the third day of refrigeration, and the fatty acid composition was analyzed. By feeding sesame seeds, a significant change was observed in the composition of fatty acids such as α-linolenic acid in beef, and conjugated linoleic acid also increased (p <0.1 when tested at 1% significance level). The results are shown in the four bar graphs from the bottom of FIG. In the four graphs, the vertical axis represents the individual fatty acid composition (mass%), and the horizontal axis represents the type of fatty acid. Of the four graphs, the upper two graphs show the fatty acid composition in beef, and the lower two graphs show the fatty acid composition in subcutaneous fat.

  Feed for late fattening fed from 17 months of age (immediately after test 2) (late feed late (Meiji feed: Shiratori beef late 72)) is in the fattening finishing season and used for the first half used in tests 1-2 The composition of feed and raw materials is different. In this test, grass was changed to rice straw. In Test 4, feeding sesame seeds significantly increased the conjugated linoleic acid content in the blood, confirming the effect of improving the accumulation of conjugated linoleic acid in beef.

  In the above test, feeding sesame seeds to Japanese shorthorn cattle changed the fatty acid composition in blood and significantly increased the proportion of functional fatty acids such as conjugated linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. The effect is greater during the early fattening period than during the later fattening period, and this is due to the difference in the components and amount of the concentrated feed fed.

  In this study, it became clear that feeding sesame seeds to Japanese shorthorn cattle raised the content of conjugated linoleic acid in the blood, and that this conjugated linoleic acid was accumulated in beef. However, the amount of beef accumulated conjugated linoleic acid does not necessarily match the blood level. This is considered to be a change due to the feeding conditions from the early fattening period to the late fattening period, specifically, a change in the ratio of potatoes and grains in the fattening feed. In Table 3 below, the blending ratio of each blended material in the concentrated feed and the late concentrated feed is disclosed. In addition, a compounding quantity is the mass% with respect to the whole feed for concentration.

It is drawing which described the schedule of fattening test. 2 is a diagram showing the results of Test 1. 2 is a diagram showing the results of Test 1. It is drawing which showed the change of the triglyceride density | concentration in plasma. 6 is a diagram showing the results of Test 2. 6 is a diagram showing the results of Test 2. 6 is a drawing showing the results of Test 3. 6 is a drawing showing the results of Test 3. 6 is a diagram showing the results of Test 4. 6 is a diagram showing the results of Test 4.

Claims (8)

The ruminant is fed by feeding 1 to 5% by mass of the sesame seeds to the total feed of the feed unit and 4 to 60% by mass of the feed material for fattening. And how to raise ruminants. The ruminant breeding method according to claim 1 , wherein the ruminant is fed to the ruminant at a rate of 40 to 70% by mass with respect to the total feed of the ruminant. Breeding method. The ruminant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ruminant is fed as a composition for feed containing egoma seeds and part or all of a feed material for fattening in the method for breeding ruminants. Breeding method. The method for breeding ruminants according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the ruminant is a cow in the breeding method. The method for raising ruminants according to claim 4, wherein the cow is a beef cow. The method for breeding ruminants according to claim 5, wherein the beef cattle is Japanese shorthorn. A feed composition comprising egoma seeds and part or all of a feed material for fattening used in the method for breeding ruminants according to claim 3 . In the ruminant breeding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , in the ruminant, the conjugated linoleic acid in the muscle and milk of the ruminant is increased by breeding the ruminant. Method for increasing conjugated linoleic acid.

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